Media Repertoires Research Articles

Antiaula vanguardista

Tomando como ponto de partida exercícios de desenho que Lygia Pape passava aos seus alunos, este artigo passa em revista a trajetória da artista entre os anos 1950 e o final dos anos 1960, enfocando três diferentes categorias que entram em questão na medida em que a artista vai expandindo seu repertório de meios: o plano (em sua gravura concreta), a página (em seus livros neoconcretos) e o palco (em seus balés). Ao tomar o questionamento da estabilidade convencional dessas três categorias como facetas de um mesmo movimento crítico, sustentamos, em primeiro lugar, que advém daí um nexo de coerência na obra de Pape irredutível à ideia de linguagem artística ou estilo. Além disso, buscamos situar a exata articulação entre este movimento crítico e a expansão ambiental de sua obra a partir de meados dos anos 1960.

“Be Less of a Slave to the News”: A Texto-Material Perspective on News Avoidance among Young Adults

ABSTRACT The distinct media repertoire of young adults in the digital age, especially their increasing ability to bypass the news media, inspires a wealth of research. While previous studies have focused on social- and content-related motivations to avoid the news, we have yet to fully understand the interplay of such motivations with material, technology-related considerations. Drawing on 36 in-depth interviews with Israeli young adults, this paper explores the varied motivations of young audiences to avoid the news through a texto-material conceptualization of news avoidance as directed at both contents and objects. An inductive-qualitative analysis of young adults' media consumption narratives identified three main dimensions: content, medium, and user-oriented news avoidance. The study demonstrates the material aspects of both deliberate and unintentional news avoidance, and how they relate to content-oriented considerations. Furthermore, the Israeli socio-political context reveals that in times of crisis, these motivations are shared by both heavy and light news consumers. Taken together, the different avoidance motivations and practices identified in this study provide an analytical framework to further understand news avoidance and design differentiated strategies to address young adults' disengagement from news.

Navigating Conflicts through the Media: The Sceptical and Self-Responsible Repertoires of Baltic Russian-Speakers

This article contributes to the scholarly discussions about the self-responsibilization, defined as a configuration of understandings and action strategies oriented to compensate the (perceived) dysfunctionality of the media system, of audience members in East European societies. The authors argue that audience members’ sceptical and self-reliant stance towards political news, which were planted in Soviet times, continue today in the context of mediated geopolitical conflicts. Based on a mixed methods study of Baltic Russian-speaking audiences’ behaviour in the context of the Russia–Ukraine conflict, the authors explore audience members’ media repertoires aimed to “fish out” reliable information from the political news by searching for unspoken clues or identifying ideologically biased messages. The authors introduce six political news repertoires based on the varied degrees of plurality of information channels and conditional trust. Then, they characterize audience groups exercising these repertoires and explain how audience members rationalize the chosen repertoires as a part of their agency in the context of geopolitical turbulence. They suggest that media audiences’ self-responsibilization is a worthwhile object for further study and call for a shift in East European media research away from a structuralist approach and towards an agency-centred one.

News repertoires and information behavior in Austria\u2014What is the role of social inequality?

The changes in the global mediascape have had a tremendous impact on societal news flows. Using data from the Social Survey Austria 2018 and a quantitative application of the media repertoire approach, the article illustrates how information behavior and news seeking relate to social status, political orientation and sociodemographics. The results confirm that the developments in Austria—often referred to as a representative of a traditional media landscape—are mostly in line with international trends, as new media have been added to the media repertoires of approximately two-thirds of the sample. Effects tied to social inequality generally match previous assumptions: Higher educational achievements and income lead to more diversified news repertoires. Additionally, the overall structure of the data indicates that the online-only users are still a small minority, consisting of younger individuals who are less likely to work and more likely to vote for left-wing parties.

Is the Video Star Dead? The Role of MTV in Young People's Lives in the Context of a Changing Media Environment: A Typology of Viewers

The article presents findings from a study that was carried out in Austria and the U.S. in 2013. It looks at MTV’s development over time and its relevance in young people’s lives and media repertoires against the background of their individual lifeworld and a diverse digitized media environment. Drawing on Bourdieu’s praxeological approach and Havighurst’s concept of developmental tasks on the theoretical level, the article presents a typology that was developed from the qualitative section of the study. Based on group discussions and in-depth interviews with 43 young people between 14–29 years in total, this typology consists of four different types of MTV viewers: the Enthusiasts, the Opportunists, the Distinction Seeking and the Nostalgists. Each type presents a different way of making sense of MTV within a person’s lifeworld condi tions and incorporating it into individual media repertoires depending on relevant developmental tasks they seek to resolve.

Operationalizing exposure diversity

The concept of exposure diversity, the diversity of information that people actually access and use, has recently gained prominence in media policy debates. This aspect of media diversity, however, remains difficult to define, measure or implement in actual policy. In this article, we propose an empirical approach that operationalizes exposure diversity in terms of news and current affairs providers in the media repertoire of different social groups. This can be studied through cluster analysis of survey data on respondents’ combinations of use of different media providers and outlets. The article first discusses exposure diversity as a media policy aim. We then outline our proposal on how to take the debate a step further through empirical analysis of media repertoires, with an illustration of how such an analysis may be conducted using survey data from Norway.

Four Italian Media Repertoires between Legacy, Social and Digital Media

The contemporary media environment is characterized by a high degree of complexity. Users move across different media outlets and digital platforms, and media consumption practices are entangled with other everyday practices. However, this does not imply that everyone uses every existing media outlet or digital platform. Different elements may play a role in media choice and attention location. Relying on the media repertoires approach, and through factor analysis and cluster analysis (based on the cross-country and cross-regional survey PIN – “The Peoples’ Internet”) the aim of this article is to identify different clusters of users characterized by specific patterns and combinations of legacy media and digital platforms. Special attention will be given at the placement of social media in media repertoires as they have a profound impact on mediated societal processes such as political debate, everyday communication, and impact on the whole media ecology. The article will describe which clusters of Italian users can be identified based on their digital and legacy media use; which socio-demographic variables characterize the clusters and how the uses of social media differ within these clusters.

Beyond classic mass media and stand-alone technologies: Using media online in the domestic sphere

This article discusses why households in Germany use the Internet and content distributed online instead of classic broadcasting or a printed paper for customising ideal media repertoires that match with their media-related interests in the domestic sphere. Following the domestication approach, home is understood as a relevant field for research on online-based media use because it is the place where people traditionally negotiate the meaning of media technologies and content against the background of an existing media repertoire. The article refers to empirical findings from qualitative ethnographic research on 16 German households. It was undertaken between 2015 and 2017. In summarising, the empirical research emphasises three distinct reasons why people choose the Internet for domestic media reception over classic mass media: a better integration of media use in everyday life, particular demands and interests in specific content, and the politics of identity and the moral economy of the household.

Transnational News Sharing on Social Media: Measuring and Analysing Twitter News Media Repertoires of Domestic and Foreign Audience Communities

In digitized media environments, users can access news from all over the world. The internationalization of news consumption is intensified by social media like Twitter, as users share news from different countries. In our study, we combine the two strands of research about media repertoires as well as transnational news consumption. Switzerland is a compelling case with regard to transnational news consumption as media outlets in the three official languages, German, French, and Italian can reach audiences in the larger neighbouring countries of Germany, France, and Italy. To investigate transnational news consumption, we tracked URL shares of Swiss online news media websites for two months on Twitter. We then combined this data with the users’ followee structures in the Twitter network (n = 355,197 tweets, n = 64,170 unique users) and inductively detected domestic and foreign audience communities with social network analysis. Thus, we were able to identify and compare the Twitter news media repertoires of domestic and foreign audience communities. Regarding transnational usage patterns, we show that especially quality media brands continuously reach audience communities in neighbouring countries.

DIGITAL STRESS IN EVERYDAY LIFE

In our paper we want to explore inductively the perceived characteristics and forms of digital stress in people's everyday life. How do they describe digital stress, is it different from other forms of stress and how does digital stress express itself? The focus is not genuinely on the topic of digital stress, but on the attempt to make this phenomenon empirically tangible and to link it to concepts of digital wellbeing. If everyday discourses are primarily concerned with new possibilities or negative implications associated with the use of digital technologies and media, we would like to turn to a more holistic perspective which builds on subjective perceptions as well as practices. This ensures not only that the ambivalent potential of digital media is taken into account, but also that the media repertoire of the users is considered in its full complexity

What Media Helps, What Media Hurts: A Mixed Methods Survey Study of Coping with COVID-19 Using the Media Repertoire Framework and the Appraisal Theory of Stress.

BackgroundSocial and physical distancing in response to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has made screen-mediated information and communication technologies (media) indispensable. Whether an increase in screen use is a source of or a relief for stress remains to be seen.ObjectiveIn the immediate aftermath of the COVID-19 lockdowns, we investigated the relation between subjective stress and changes in the pattern of media use. Based on Lazarus’s transactional model of appraisal and coping, and building on an earlier similar survey, we hypothesize that individual differences in the appraisal of media predict variations in approach or avoidance of media for coping with COVID-19 stress.MethodsBetween March 20 and April 20, 2020, a brief snowball survey entitled: “What media helps, what media hurts: coping with COVID19 through screens” was distributed via Concordia University’s mailing lists and social media (PERFORM Centre, EngAGE Centre, and Media Health Lab). Using a media repertoire method, we asked questions about preferences, changes in use, and personal appraisal of media experiences (approach, avoid, and ignore) as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and investigated interindividual differences in media use by factors such as subjective stress, age, gender, and self-reported mental health.ResultsMore than 90% of the survey respondents were in Canada and the east coast of the United States. From 685 completed responses, 169 respondents were “very stressed” and 452 were “slightly worried” about the pandemic. COVID-19 stress led to increased use of Facebook (χ23=11.76, P=.008), television (χ23=12.40, P=.006), YouTube (χ23=8.577, P=.04), and streaming services such as Netflix (χ23=10.71, P=.01). Respondents who considered their mental health “not good” were twice as likely to prefer streaming services as a coping tool for self-isolation. Women and nonbinary respondents were twice as likely than men to pick social media for coping. Individuals younger than 35 years were 3 times more likely to pick computer games, and individuals older than 55 years were more likely to pick network television or print media. Gender affected the appraisal of media (less in men than others) in terms of avoid (F1,637=5.84, P=.02) and approach scores (F1,637=14.31, P<.001). Subjective mental health affected the ignore score (less in those who said “good” than others; F1,637=13.88, P<.001). The appraisal score and use increase explained variations in worrying about physical and mental health stress due to increased screen time. A qualitative analysis of open-ended questions revealed that media (especially social networks) were important for coping if they provided support and connection through the dissemination of factual and positive information while avoiding the overflow of sensational and false news.ConclusionsThe relationship between appraisal of media’s positive and negative facets vary with demographic differences in mental health resiliency. The media repertoire approach is an important tool in studies that focus on assessing the benefits and harms of screen overuse in different populations, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

News Consumption across Media Platforms and Content

AbstractIn a changing information environment in which people increasingly select a combination of media platforms to consume news, scholars have taken a more comprehensive approach in measuring news consumption by examining news media repertoires. This study specifically (1) examines news repertoires of young people, based on their combined usage of media platforms and news content preferences; and (2) examines their variation due to social background characteristics. Results from a survey of Dutch adolescents (N = 1,084; age 16 to 21) reveal four distinct news repertoires: labeled minimalists, omnivores, traditionalists, and online news users. Findings further suggest that platform-based news repertoires are related to preferences for specific news content. Finally, this study contributes to the digital divide literature by demonstrating that inequalities in news media usage related to education do not seem to apply to younger citizens.

TV홈쇼핑 이용자의 상품구매 입문 요인 분석: 랜덤포레스트 분석을 활용한 개인의 미디어 레퍼토리 데이터를 중심으로

본 논문은 TV홈쇼핑 구매 경험이 없는 소비자들 중 1년 후 TV홈쇼핑 구매에 입문한 소비자의 미디어 매체, 연결, 행위로 구성되는 미디어 레퍼토리 패턴을 분석하고, 해당 소비자가 어떤 요인으로 인해 TV홈쇼핑에서 상품을 처음 구매하게 되는지에 대한 요인을 랜덤포레스트와 의사결정나무 알고리즘을 활용하여 분석하였다. 사용 가능한 171개의 잠재 변수를 분석에 활용하여 랜덤포레스트 알고리즘이 데이터를 학습하여 기존 문헌에서 발견되지 않았던 새로운 요인들을 발견 할 수 있었다. 예를 들어, 개인정보에 대한 우려 정도, 영화관에서의 지출 정도, 적극적 정보 탐색자 여부와 같은 요인들도 TV홈쇼핑 구매로 이어지는 중요한 요인이라는 것을 보였다. 분석에서는 연령별, 성별로 총 12개의 하위 샘플을 나누고, 각각의 샘플에 대하여 미디어 레퍼토리 관점에서 TV홈쇼핑 입문 요인을 살펴보았다. 이후, 샘플별로 선정된 상위 30개 요인들만을 가지고 최종 의사결정나무를 구성하여 TV홈쇼핑 구매 입문 과정을 최종 분류해 보았다. 본 연구는 기존의 이론주도 요인 분석에 데이터주도 방식을 혼합하여 향후 미디어 상품과 서비스에 대한 연구가 나아갈 방향을 제시한다.

Understanding How People Select Social Networking Services: Media Trait, Social Influences and Situational Factors

Social networking services (SNSs) have become very popular, and many Internet users use two or more SNSs. However, little research has been done to understand how and when users select multiple SNSs in series. This study investigates Internet users’ SNS selection behavior in daily life. We adopt the notion of media repertoire to explore how Internet users select SNSs in combination, and we adopt uses and gratifications theory to identify the values that drive these users to choose specific SNSs. We interviewed 40 Taiwanese people to explore the media traits, situational factors and social influences that affect users’ SNS selection behavior. The findings of this study can help SNS companies to improve SNS functions, and help marketers devise marketing strategies for target audiences and find suitable SNS platforms on which to communicate with consumers.

Enablers of and constraints on employees' information sharing on enterprise social media

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the various enablers of and constraints on employees' information sharing on an enterprise social media platform. It draws on two theoretical perspectives, communication privacy management theory and the technology affordance framework, as well as on empirical data in an attempt to paint a comprehensive picture of the factors shaping employees' decisions to share or not share information on enterprise social media.Design/methodology/approachThis qualitative field study is based on semi-structured interviews and enterprise social media review data from a large Nordic media organization.FindingsOn an enterprise social media platform, privacy management principles shape employees' information-sharing decisions in relation to personal privacy boundaries, professional boundaries and assumed risks, online safety concerns and perceived audience. Additionally, the technological affordances of visibility, awareness, persistence and searchability shape employees' information sharing in varying and sometimes even contradictory ways. Finally, organizational factors, such as norms, tasks and media repertoires, are associated with employees' information-sharing decisions. Together, these three dimensions, personal, technological and organizational, form a model of the enablers of and constraints on employees' decisions to share information on enterprise social media.Originality/valueThis study extends the understanding of different factors shaping employees' decisions to share or not share information on enterprise social media. It extends the two applied theories by uniquely combining interpersonal privacy management principles with a technological affordance framework that focuses on the relationship between the user and the technology. This research also furthers the authors' knowledge of what privacy management principles mean in the organizational context. This study shows connections between the two theories and extends the understanding of technology affordances as not only action possibilities but also constraining factors. Additionally, by revealing what kinds of factors encourage and inhibit information sharing on enterprise social media, the results of this study support organizations in their efforts to manage information sharing on enterprise social media systems.

중학생의 미디어 레퍼토리 유형화에 따른 뉴스 리터러시 및 사회적 참여의 차이

본 연구는 오늘날 다양한 매체 환경에 노출된 중학생이 어떠한 형태로 매체를 조합하여 사용하는지 파악하기 위해 잠재계층분석(latent class analysis)을 적용하여 미디어 레퍼토리 유형을 분류하였다. 또한 분류된 미디어 레퍼토리 유형의 특성을 확인하고자 레퍼토리 유형에 따른 뉴스 리터러시와 사회적 참여의 차이를 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 한국언론진흥재단이 실시한 ‘10대 청소년 미디어 이용조사’ 자료를 활용하였다. 그 결과 첫째, 중학생의 미디어 레퍼토리는 PC 및 모바일 인터넷, 메시징 서비스, SNS의 이용확률도 높은 편이고, 1인 방송, 팟캐스트, 텔레비전, 종이신문, 라디오, 잡지의 이용확률이 높은 집단으로, 10개 미디어의 전반적 이용률이 높은 다중매체 이용 집단(2.2%), PC인터넷의 이용확률은 없으며, 모바일, 메시징서비스, SNS의 이용률이 높은 집단인 모바일-소셜네트워킹 중심 이용 집단(23.1%), 모바일뿐만 아니라 PC인터넷 이용확률도 높으며, 메시징서비스, SNS뿐만 아니라 1인 방송의 이용확률이 높고, 텔레비전, 종이신문, 라디오, 잡지의 이용확률이 낮은 집단인 뉴미디어 중심 이용집단(67.7%), 모바일 인터넷의 이용확률이 높기는 하나 이에 비해 다른 매체들의 이용 확률이 상대적으로 낮은 집단인 미디어 저이용 집단(6.9%)으로 유형화할 수 있었다. 둘째, 중학생 미디어 레퍼토리 유형의 특성을 확인하기 위하여 이들 유형에 따라 뉴스 리터러시와 사회적 참여가 차이가 있는지를 살펴본 결과, 중학생의 뉴스 리터러시는 ‘다중매체 이용집단’이 가장 높고, ‘모바일-소셜네트워킹 중심 이용집단’이 가장 낮았으며, 사회적 참여인 서명운동과 기부경험도 ‘다중매체 이용집단’이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 연구 결과를 토대로 교육적 시사 및 함의를 논의하였다.

Personal epistemologies of the media: Selective criticality, pragmatic trust, and competence–confidence in navigating media repertoires in the digital age

While the perils of social media, fake news, and an alleged distrust in legacy media have attained considerable public attention, the implications of these public narratives for their audiences have remained understudied. The aim of this article is to identify consequences of an emerged “fake news and post truth-era-narrative” for media users’ personal epistemologies, media beliefs, and news navigation practices from a media repertoire perspective. Forty-nine in-depth media-biographical interviews with people from three different age groups and with different media repertoires were conducted. Based on the study, the three interrelated dimensions (1) selective criticality, (2) pragmatic trust, and (3) competence–confidence were developed to analyze users’ media and news navigation. These three dimensions can be applied to other scenarios to investigate how people navigate their media repertoires and interact with the news in general.

How Individual News Media Repertoires Shape the Reputation of Religious Organizations: The Case of the Catholic Church in Austria

ABSTRACTThe Catholic Church receives much attention in the news media. In recent years news coverage about the Church most notably includes optimistic reports about Pope Francis as well as negative coverage about child abuse perpetrated by priests. Although religious organizations are highly relevant in modern mediated societies, there is little research on how media coverage influences public perceptions of the Church. This paper combines the concepts of news media repertoires and corporate reputation in analyzing how news media consumption patterns influence public perceptions of the Catholic Church. We conducted a representative population survey in Austria in the spring of 2017 (n = 1,035). We identified five distinct news media repertoires. The results show that News Avoiders evaluate the Church less positively than people with a Legacy Quality Media repertoire. The effects of media repertoires on reputation also relate to people who are highly engaged in the Church community.

Combining Old and New : Patterns of Media Use across Legacy and Online Media in Germany

With the emergence of the Internet over the last decades, people have access to a wide variety of media content as never before, leading to multiple new media consumption practices. As people integrate new means of communication into their everyday lives, this necessarily leads to questions concerning the relationship between legacy media and digital media. By analyzing representative survey data of adult Internet users in Germany collected in the collaborative research project “The Peoples’ Internet” (PIN), the present study examined media repertoires from a holistic perspective. Via factor and cluster analysis, we identified five distinct media repertoires that significantly differentiated in terms of age, gender and education. For the majority of the German population, legacy media still play a dominant role in everyday life. However, a group of young users mainly relies on a wide range of online media that has the potential to displace legacy media. But rather than expecting a pure displacement of legacy media or just an addition of online media to existing repertoires, our findings suggest to look closely into the specific combinations of ‘old’ and ‘new’ media that can be observed in different parts of the population.

News repertoires, civic engagement and political participation among young adults in Israel

AbstractThis study investigates the cross-media repertoires of news consumption of young adults in today’s fragmented multi-media environment, and examines the interactions between those repertoires and the consumers’ civic engagement and political participation. By using a Q-sort method, the respondents were asked to sort a number of elicitation cards on a relational scalar grid, which allowed for subsequent statistical factor analysis of these qualitative data and the generation of a sub-typology of media consumption repertoires as well as the discursive practices of the respondents. We also used a questionnaire which included questions about news consumption, political participation, and civic engagement. The findings revealed that most young adults used repertoires of digital and new media news consumption. The interviewees were highly conscious of their choices of news sources, and some young adults explicitly stated that they preferred to consume news from sources which reflected their own political views. In this study we were able to map news media repertoires of young adults in Israel and found that young adults do participate, and are largely involved, in activism and protests.