The rapid integration of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and data science into daily life raises ethical concerns and stimulates discussions among stakeholders responsible for their development. Given the media's role in shaping imaginaries of emerging technologies and their acceptance, this paper systematically analyzes media discourse on ethics in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and data science from 2015 to 2020. Our results show that media coverage of advanced algorithmic technologies mainly focused on the industry sector, frequently addressing short-term challenges such as algorithmic bias, social justice, data privacy, and socioeconomic effects. Its portrayal in media often maintained a balanced perspective between positive and negative outcomes, paired with realistic and grounded future scenarios. This study offers a holistic and integrated analysis of how the media frames the ethics of artificial intelligence, data science, and machine learning, highlighting previously overlooked dimensions such as accountability strategies and the relationship between areas of application and their consequences.

In ethnonational states, the boundary between the privileged ethnic core and the citizen-’other’ is a site of constant contestation. This article examines this dynamic through Israel’s 2018 Nation-State Law and the ensuing protest by the Druze minority. The Druze, a community bound to the state by a “blood covenant” of military service, perceived the law, which constitutionally privileged Jewish identity, as a betrayal that rendered their citizenship incomplete. Employing a qualitative content analysis of 42 prime-time television news segments (July-December 2018), this study identified four dominant media frames: The Broken Covenant, The Political Arena, The Affective Turn, and The Polarized Lens. The findings illuminate “patriotic protest,” a form of dissent where a marginalized group leverages state values and “republican” citizenship discourse to demand inclusion. While this strategy earned the Druze high media legitimacy, their claims were simultaneously co-opted by partisan framing. Media discourse became a battleground for negotiating the contradictions between ethnic nationalism and civic equality, highlighting the precarious nature of minority citizenship in an ethnocratic state. This case study provides a nuanced model for understanding minority agency and the containment of dissent in deeply divided societies.

Andrej Babiš as a Populist Leader: Media Framing of the Czech Presidential Elections 2023

Abstract This study examines the media representation of materials science, a field that hitherto has escaped scholarly attention. Building on the concept of medialization, a content analysis of materials science-related topics across eight German press outlets is conducted to assess the extent, variety and controversy of the media reports. Controversy is operationalised through the identification of media frames using the cluster analysis of frame elements. The study shows that relative to other scientific disciplines, materials science receives limited media attention. Despite a range of topics, actors and frames within the resulted sample, certain recurring themes emerge, reflecting a notable degree of homogeneity across the three dimensions analysed. The coverage is dominated by scientific and economic aspects, underlining the role of materials science in technological innovation and economic development. Although materials science cannot yet be regarded as a medialized discipline, its media presence extends beyond the mere dissemination of scientific results.

ABSTRACT Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have often divided public opinion, one factor influencing perceptions of GMO technologies has been misunderstood or poorly communicated scientific messaging. However, advancements in gene editing tools like CRISPR/Cas9 offer new crop modification possibilities, prompting different regulatory frameworks than traditional GMO technologies. This research examines public understanding of GMOs, awareness of CRISPR crops, and how prior experiences with GMOs shape perceptions of new genetic technologies. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining a public survey of adults in the Greater Toronto-Hamilton area and interviews with science journalists. Results show hesitance toward GMOs and CRISPR crops, with acceptance most impacted by consumer behavior and cost. Key interview themes include journalist’s concerns about levels of public education, the role of social media, and the cost of goods. Our findings suggest increased transparency and effective communication could improve public acceptance of GMOs and CRISPR crops. While CRISPR crops do not come under the GMO regulatory framework in Canada, our findings show that the public does not recognize this distinction. Without increased transparency and more effective communication CRISPR crops may become widely associated with the negative media frames that have shaped perceptions of GMOs.

Generative AI (GenAI) is rapidly establishing itself as a key topic in societal, political, and scholarly debates. From a news and information perspective, relatively little attention has been devoted to how GenAI is framed in reporting by influential news outlets, with most coming from globally recognized English-language titles. This study operationalizes a framing analysis of 516 articles published by a quality newspaper in Belgium between 2020 and 2024. Findings reveal that the launch of ChatGPT in late 2022 signified a notable shift in the quantity and ways in which GenAI was approached and framed, extending the scope beyond technological stories to focus more on regulatory and societal ramifications. We establish a typology of 12 different positive, neutral, and negative frames in how GenAI is positioned and discussed in reporting. Combined, they highlight the complex nature and practice of reporting on an emerging technology that is taking the world by storm, while also retaining traditional journalistic values and tenets intact. We extend the body of research on AI news framing beyond the English language and to quality news outlets specifically.

Reporting on Israeli attacks on Beirut reveals divergent media framings of the Israel–Hezbollah conflict, demonstrating that media actively shape public perceptions rather than merely transmitting information. This study compares the framing of Israeli attacks on Beirut in AP News, Reuters, and The Guardian using Robert Entman’s framing analysis, focusing on problem definition, causal interpretation, moral evaluation, and treatment recommendation. Employing a descriptive qualitative method, thematically similar news articles published within comparable timeframes are analyzed to identify framing differences across outlets. The findings show that AP News adopts a security-oriented framing that presents Hezbollah as the main threat and legitimizes Israeli military actions, while Reuters offers a more balanced perspective by situating the attacks within concerns over escalation and regional stability. Conversely, The Guardian emphasizes humanitarian impacts, civilian casualties, and the escalation of violence. These differences indicate that media framing shapes the positioning of conflict actors, the construction of military legitimacy, and implied resolutions, confirming the media’s role as discursive actors in international conflict narratives.

ABSTRACT This study draws on framing theory and agenda-setting theory to examine how both state-owned and independent media outlets in Kazakhstan presented the Bloody January event in 2022. In particular, the study seeks to answer the question: ‘How did Kazakhstan’s state and independent media frame the key flashpoints of Bloody January, and what narratives did they promote?’ To address this, the paper employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative content analysis of four prominent media outlets. The state-owned sources include Qazaqstan TV (Kaztelradio Corporation) and the Kazakh-language newspaper Egemen Qazaqstan, while the independent outlets analysed are Azattyq.org and Channel 31. Findings show that state media produced nearly twice as much content as independent media during the crisis, contributing to the dominance of official narratives. While state outlets framed protestors as threats to public order, independent media offered more diverse accounts, highlighting issues such as state violence and the government’s use of force.

This study analyzes how migrant workers under the Kafala or “sponsorship” system are represented in Lebanese news media during times of crisis. To investigate media representations of migrants in Lebanon, this study employs quantitative and qualitative analysis of 197 randomly sampled news headlines and 18 purposively sampled news articles published from 2020–2021. The quantitative findings reveal that during times of crisis in Lebanon, the headlines about migrant workers became more negative while the qualitative analysis found the articles almost never quoted migrants while reproducing racialized and gendered media biases through the media frames, discourses, and visuals presented.

Media Framing of the "My Account" Issue on Kurdish TV Channel Websites An Analytical Study of the Rudaw and Channel 8 Websites

Conflicting media frames of Hassan Nasrallah reshape both regional risk calculations and collective memory. This article examines how he is discursively constructed across international (etic) and regional (emic) English-language news reports before and after his death. At the heart of this study is the question: How do emic and etic outlets differently authorize Nasrallah's voice before and after his death? Using a multi-layered framework that integrates Critical Discourse Analysis, Systemic Functional Grammar, quotation studies, framing theory, and corpus-assisted methods, the analysis covers thirteen articles from Reuters, AP, AFP, Al Jazeera English, and Al Mayadeen English. These articles were selected for their comprehensive representation of media perspectives and their influence within their respective media ecosystems, ensuring methodological rigor and sampling validity. Findings show that etic and emic outlets operate within distinct epistemic regimes that allocate agency, legitimacy, and moral meaning in contrasting ways. Pre-death, etic reports strategically amplify Nasrallah through frames of security, threat, and deterrence, while emic outlets emphasize political identity, historical memory, and resistance. Post-death, a discursive rupture occurs: etic outlets enact epistemic erasure, depicting the killing as a technical operational event, whereas emic outlets reassert Nasrallah as a symbolic and moral figure through sacralized naming and communal voice. Ultimately, the study argues that this emic/etic divide is not merely stylistic but political, exposing how Global North media reproduce a ‘coloniality of knowledge’ that silences resistance figures, while regional narratives function as sites of epistemic counter-memory. The insights from this study could inform newsroom strategies by guiding journalists to navigate these epistemic divides more critically and by helping policymakers recognize the broader impacts of media narratives on international relations and socio-political stability.

This study examines the longitudinal evolution of media framing of TikTok in South Korean news coverage from 2020 to 2024. As a global digital platform increasingly embedded in geopolitical and regulatory controversies, TikTok provides an instructive case for understanding how media frames shift over time in response to external political pressures. Moving beyond static framing analyses and Western-centric perspectives, this study conceptualizes framing as a dynamic process shaped by both short-term events and longer-term structural change. Using 5660 TikTok-related news articles from the BIGKinds database, we apply large language model-assisted frame classification and construct a frame shift index (FSI) to measure temporal changes in dominant frames. Interrupted time series (ITS) analysis is employed to test short-term framing responses to discrete international political and policy events, while the Bai–Perron breakpoint test (BPT) is used to identify long-term structural breaks. The results show that significant frame shifts are closely associated with transnational policy disputes and international political conflicts. While ITS reveals clear event-driven short-term framing adjustments, BPT identifies a statistically significant structural breakpoint in late 2022, indicating a longer-term reorganization of media narratives under sustained geopolitical and regulatory pressures.

The article explores the integration of authentic English-language news content as a tool for enhancing media literacy and developing domain-specific communicative competence among students majoring in Public Relations. The focus is placed on implementing a Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) approach in combination with news analysis techniques within an ESP (English for Specific Purposes) framework. The study outlines the stages of an educational project that employed up-to-date headlines from authoritative sources as the basis for a sequence of tasks designed to build not only linguistic but also critical and professional skills. Through task completion, students practiced relevant vocabulary, conducted semantic and pragmatic headline analysis, identified forms of media framing and manipulation, and adapted authentic materials into various PR genres. Working with real-life media also contributed to fact-checking and cross-source comparison. The project encouraged the development of soft skills, including public speaking and analytical argumentation. The article presents the results of a student survey, which demonstrated increased motivation to learn English and a desire for continued engagement with current global issues through foreign-language media. Based on the findings, the author offers practical recommendations for enhancing ESP courses for communication-related fields, including the integration of digital tools, student-led media projects, and the systematic use of critical news analysis as an integral component of language instruction. The project highlights the value of combining language education with media analysis to prepare socially responsible, globally minded, and professionally competent graduates.

This article examined how elite news media frame the impact of generative AI on the cultural, social, economic, and political domains of life. We also analyzed the different types of ethical concerns surrounding generative AI and to whom the media attribute responsibility for creating and solving these ethical concerns. A content analysis of The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal show that societal and economic impacts were the most frequently discussed when reporting about generative AI, while societal-level attributions were mentioned more often than individual-level attributions for responsibilities. We discuss theoretical implications and future research directions.

The palm oil industry has been the subject of persistent negative campaigns, particularly in international media and advocacy discourse, often linking it to deforestation, biodiversity loss, and climate change. These narratives, while partially supported by scientific findings, are frequently influenced by political, economic, and ideological agendas, leading to polarized global perceptions. This study aims to systematically map and analyze how negative campaigns against palm oil have been framed, disseminated, and interpreted within peer-reviewed academic literature. Adopting a qualitative research approach through the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, the study follows the PRISMA protocol to ensure transparency and replicability. Literature was sourced exclusively from the ScienceDirect database, using a Boolean keyword combination to refine search results for “negative campaigns,” “media framing,” and “public perception” related to palm oil. A total of 1,896 initial results were screened through four filtering stages: identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion, resulting in 36 final articles published between 2022 and 2025 that met the criteria of open access, original research, and topical relevance. Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis to extract patterns in how negative narratives are constructed and sustained. The results reveal five dominant themes: environmental degradation framing, socio-economic marginalization, media amplification mechanisms, geopolitical protectionism, and response gaps from producing countries. The study concludes that negative campaigns are often selectively constructed, lacking a holistic view of comparative sustainability. Future research should examine longitudinal changes in narrative framing and investigate counter-framing strategies that more equitably include producer voices.

This article examines how Ecuadorian digital media have portrayed the phenomenon of vacunas—an extortion practice targeting small businesses—between January and July 2025. Through qualitative content analysis and semiotic analysis, this study reviews news items, reports, interviews, editorials and chronicles published in eight major national outlets (Expreso, El Universo, El Comercio, El Mercurio, La Hora, GK, Primicias and Extra). Findings reveal that the media frame vacunas not only as a criminal act but also as a structural threat that deepens unemployment, territorial disputes, economic decline, business closures and migration. Symbolic representations of fear, power and vulnerability permeate both textual and visual narratives, reinforcing imaginaries of crisis and uncertainty. The article concludes that media coverage does more than inform; it constructs interpretative frameworks that shape how citizens, institutions and policymakers perceive insecurity, linking everyday extortion with broader debates on governance, economic fragility and social cohesion in Ecuador.

Foreign media coverage of the Aceh flood crisis in November 2025 generated critical narratives regarding the Indonesian government’s disaster policy response. These narratives shaped not only international perceptions but also domestic public opinion through the mediation of opinion leaders. The objective of this article is to examine foreign media framing of the government’s response and to analyze the role of opinion leaders in interpreting and disseminating these frames within national public discourse. A qualitative approach was employed using Robert N. Entman’s framing analysis and the two-step flow of communication framework. Data were collected from foreign media reports published by Asia News Network, Lowy Institute, and The Straits Times, supported by official government documents as comparative data. The analysis focused on problem definition, causal interpretation, moral evaluation, and policy implications. The findings indicate that foreign media frame the Aceh flood as a humanitarian and structural crisis, while portraying government responses as slow and poorly coordinated. Opinion leaders play a significant role in reinforcing these frames in domestic discourse. These results highlight the importance of transparent, responsive, and structurally oriented disaster governance..

This study examines how sustainability is framed in major Indonesian national online news media and how such framing contributes to the development of sustainability mindsets relevant to business practices and green consumer markets. Focusing on five leading platforms—Kompas.com, Detik.com, CNNIndonesia.com, Liputan6.com, and Tempo.co—this research conducts a qualitative content analysis of articles published between 2024 and 2025 that address sustainability in corporate strategy, environmental governance, green innovation, and ethical consumption. The findings reveal the presence of dominant frames such as environmental urgency, techno-optimism, regulatory accountability, and lifestyle engagement. For instance, Kompas.com and Tempo.co frequently feature analytical coverage on ESG policies, carbon reduction initiatives, and responsible investment, while Detik.com and Liputan6.com highlight consumer-friendly narratives on waste reduction, renewable products, and urban sustainability trends. CNNIndonesia.com offers policy-centered reporting that bridges state commitments and corporate transitions. These frames collectively shape public perception by normalizing sustainability as both a moral and economic imperative, thereby influencing how businesses position themselves and how consumers interpret green value propositions. The study underscores the strategic relevance of media framing for green digital marketing, suggesting that alignment with dominant media narratives enhances message resonance and public trust in sustainability campaigns.

Vietnam is ranked among the countries with the highest abortion rates globally. However, there is limited data on how Vietnamese media and audience frame abortion. To fill the knowledge gap, this study analysed 198 articles about abortion from ten major Vietnamese online newspapers published between 1 January 2019 and 31 December 2024; and 888 readers’ comments from those articles. Grounded in framing theory and the Health Belief Model (HBM), this study employed content analysis to explore the media and audience frames of abortion and Chi-squared tests to examine the linkage between them. The study found five dominant abortion frames in online newspapers: ‘threat’, ‘cues to action’, ‘criticism’, ‘self-efficacy’, and ‘barriers’. Four dominant audience frames include ‘criticism and moral judgement’, ‘solutions and cues to action’, ‘sympathy’, and ‘threat’. While online newspapers have incorporated nearly all HBM constructs into their framing, these frames were not frequently adopted by the audience, suggesting that HBM-related media messages do not have a direct influence on public perceptions of abortion. Practice implications for journalists and health communicators to create a more balanced and positive media framing of abortion are discussed as a means of enhancing reproductive health knowledge and minimising the incidence of unsafe abortion.

This research investigates how China’s position and role in the Israel-Palestine conflict is discursively constructed, morally evaluated, and futuristically projected across Palestinian and Israeli media. Drawing on a corpus-based analysis of 203 news articles conducted within the framework of the discourse-historical approach, this research reveals stark contrasts in framing strategies, affective orientations, and anticipatory narratives. Palestinian media depict China as a principled peacemaker aligned with multilateralism and historical justice, whereas Israeli media frame it as a strategic disruptor associated with normative ambiguity and geopolitical threat. To explain how symbolic presence and moral legitimacy are distributed unevenly across global communicative structures, the findings develop a three-dimensional analytical model that integrates subjective framing, affective boundary-making, and projected agency. The research further argues that rising powers like China remain highly visible yet structurally constrained in how they may appear, be interpreted, and be imagined in global media. The conclusion reflects on the implications of this asymmetry for international communication research and calls for a critical rethinking of who gets to speak, who gets to be heard, and under what symbolic conditions global legitimacy is granted or denied.