On the mechanism of Nile blue and Nile red interactions within the ion-selective membrane.

Pyrene trisulfonic acid-functionalized silica-based multi-mode stationary phase for separation of hydrophilic, hydrophobic compounds and rare earth ions.

Bioprospection of Piliostigma thonningii ethanol extract for anti-fibroid activity via molecular docking and in vivo hormonal evaluation in female wistar rats.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) has traditionally been regarded as a disorder of the outer-retina and choroid, characterised by drusen accumulation, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) dysfunction, and photoreceptor degeneration. However, increasing evidence of inner-retinal involvement across the AMD spectrum, with structural and functional compromise evident from the early stages of disease, challenges this paradigm. Advances in spatially optimised optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT angiography (OCTA), and high-resolution histology have revealed neuronal, vascular, and glial alterations within the inner-retina that reshape our understanding of AMD pathogenesis. This review synthesises clinical and experimental evidence on inner-retinal changes in AMD, including layer-specific thinning, microvascular rarefaction, impaired neurovascular coupling, and reactive gliosis. Such changes frequently emerge in early AMD, may precede, parallel, or exacerbate outer-retinal degeneration, and are associated with visual dysfunction not fully explained by photoreceptor loss alone. Importantly, mechanistic interactions between inner- and outer-retinal pathology support a bidirectional model of neurodegeneration, wherein region-specific vulnerability is shaped by perfusion dynamics, metabolic demands, and structural connectivity throughout the retina. Recognition of these processes expands the potential for earlier diagnosis, refined monitoring, and novel therapeutic targeting. By integrating structural, functional, and systemic insights, this review reframes AMD as a multi-layer neurovascular disease and underscores the central role of inner-retinal integrity in future AMD research and management.

Rising burden of MASLD and CKM syndrome in Asia: A decade of trends and future projections.

ADP-ribosylation is a versatile post-translational modification that governs fundamental processes, including DNA repair, transcription, and stress adaptation. Its homeostasis relies on the dynamic interplay between poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), which assemble mono- or poly-ADP-ribose (PAR) chains on target macromolecules, and ADP-ribosyl hydrolases, which dismantle them. Disruption of this balance leads to the accumulation of toxic PAR and cell death, revealing vulnerabilities that can be therapeutically exploited. PARP inhibitors (PARPis) have revolutionised the treatment of homologous recombination-deficient cancers via synthetic lethality. Yet, emerging resistance limits their long-term efficacy, underscoring the need for novel targets within ADP-ribose signalling. The poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG), the principal enzyme involved in hydrolysing PAR, has emerged as a compelling candidate: its inhibition amplifies replication stress, drives mitotic catastrophe, and selectively kills cancer cells, particularly those reliant on PAR turnover for survival. Elevated PARG expression correlates with aggressive tumours and poor prognosis, positioning it as both a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target. This review integrates recent structural and biochemical insights into PARG, highlighting the mechanisms of PAR reversal, regulatory control, and potential synthetic lethal interactions. We also discuss the discovery and development of selective PARG inhibitors, which promise to expand the therapeutic landscape, overcome PARPis resistance, and exploit vulnerabilities in replication-stressed cancers. By bridging mechanistic understanding with translational potential, targeting PARG represents a frontier in precision cancer therapy.

Nanoparticle-plant interactions: Uptake, transport, physiological effects, and environmental implications

Research progress on the role and mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine based on "liver-multiple-organ interaction".

Advances in mechanisms, combined therapeutic strategies and dual-target inhibitors for synergistic antitumor effects of HDAC and PD-1/PD-L1 pathway.

Transcriptome analysis of Bipolaris sorokiniana-wheat reveals mechanisms of interaction

Modulating the thermo-immuno-endocrine axis to alleviate heat stress in poultry: A pharmacological perspective.

Post-transcriptional RNA modifications, such as N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation and adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) editing, are critical regulators of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal and differentiation, yet their precise contributions to malignant transformation are not fully elucidated. In this study, we uncovered the epitranscriptomic landscape caused by knockdown of genes from the methyltransferase (METTL)-family in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). We identified both converging and distinct effects of METTL3 and METTL14, known members of the m6A writer complex, as well as orphan gene METTL13. Amongst METTL-family members, only METTL13 transcription was increased following adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) overexpression in HSPCs. This transcriptional pattern suggests that METTL13 may participate in biological programs that partially overlap with those controlled by the m6A writer complex and ADAR1, although any mechanistic relationship remains undefined. Knockdown of METTL13 altered the expression of multiple genes involved in oncogenic development in HSPCs. Furthermore, METTL13 expression was associated with a high-risk profile in pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and functional studies confirmed that METTL13 is required for T-ALL cell proliferation and survival both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our results identify METTL13 as a previously unrecognized regulator of leukemic transformation, independent of any presumed mechanistic interaction between RNA editing and m6A pathways.

The utilization of immunomodulatory nanomaterials, i.e., leveraging their unique properties to enhance immune responses, represents a transformative approach for the treatment of various diseases. Recent advancements in nanotechnology have enabled the design of nanomaterials capable of delivering immunomodulatory agents in a targeted manner, such as cytokines, antibodies, and nucleic acids, to specific cells or tissues involved in immune regulation. These nanomaterials, including nanoparticles, liposomes, nanogels, nanoemulsions, dendrimers, MXenes and extracellular vesicles, have been increasingly tailored to modulate immune responses with precision and efficacy. This targeted approach not only enhances therapeutic outcomes but also reduces off-target effects, minimizing systemic toxicity. In this review, an overview of immunomodulatory nanomaterials and their biomedical applications are highlighted. Herein, we have discussed different types of nanomaterials and their design strategies, interactions with different immune system components (macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), neutrophils, T lymphocytes (CD4+ helper T-cells, CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells, regulatory T-cells/Tregs, and memory T-cells), and B lymphocytes), and immunomodulation mechanisms. Furthermore, nanomaterial-based immunomodulation strategies to enhance cancer immunotherapy, wound healing, and bone regeneration and the treatment of infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, and allergy and are discussed in detail. In addition to therapeutic applications, selected nanomaterial platforms demonstrate significant potential in pharmaceutical formulations by improving drug stability, controlled release, and bioavailability, as well as in cosmetology through skin-targeted delivery, anti-inflammatory activity, immune protection, and enhanced tissue regeneration. Finally, clinical trial updates, challenges and future prospects are outlined. Key findings indicate that lipid-based, polymeric, inorganic nanoparticles and dendrimers provide complementary advantages for immunomodulation, including efficient delivery, controlled release, multifunctionality, and precise immune targeting. Despite safety, regulatory, and scalability challenges, these systems show strong potential for advancing precision and personalized medicine. Taken together, these innovations hold great promise for personalized medicine approaches, wherein nanomaterials can be tailored to individual patient profiles for more effective and precise disease treatment and prevention strategies. This review focuses primarily on the mechanistic interactions between immunomodulatory nanomaterials and immune cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes, rather than providing an exhaustive treatment of physicochemical optimization parameters such as particle size or surface modification chemistry, which fall outside the defined scope of this work.

The article examines the interrelation between decentralization and glocalization processes in public administration as key drivers of the transformation of contemporary regional development models. It is argued that decentralization, while retaining its role as a fundamental institutional mechanism for the redistribution of powers and resources, is no longer limited to a purely administrative reform. Instead, it is increasingly embedded in broader governance transformations characterized by multi-level interaction among national, regional, and local actors. The study demonstrates that the expansion of governance practices, the emergence of network-based forms of interaction, and the growing impact of global factors necessitate a reconsideration of decentralization within a wider analytical framework. In this context, decentralization is interpreted not as an isolated process but as an integral component of complex structural changes in public administration. It has been proven that the interaction between decentralization and glocalization facilitates the transition from hierarchical to network-based models of public governance, in which coordination, partnership, and the integration of different levels of government play a key role. The expediency of developing new models of regional development based on the combination of local resources with global opportunities, innovation, openness, and resilience to external challenges has been substantiated. It has been established that their effectiveness depends on the ability of territories to engage in strategic planning, attract investment, develop human capital, and implement modern management tools. It is concluded that the effectiveness of such models depends on the ability of regions to strengthen institutional capacity, enhance strategic planning, attract investment, and implement modern governance tools. The findings highlight the importance of aligning governance approaches across different levels and developing new mechanisms of interaction that ensure both global integration and the preservation of regional specificity.

This research article examines the nature of the financial mechanism for construction development. It was determined that the financial mechanism comprises: financial methods, financial levers, legal support, and regulatory support for the effective formation of a financial resource fund. The financial mechanism of construction development, through the interconnections between key links, involves the participation of professional entities such as: a financial company, a bank, a trustor, and a construction developer. In turn, participants such as the designer, developer, and contractor are involved in the financial mechanism as technical executors of construction projects. It has been established that the construction developer attracts investment resources through such professional participants as: joint investment institutions, whose activities are regulated by the National Securities and Stock Market Commission of Ukraine; construction financing funds, which operate through the involvement of a financial intermediary—a manager, typically a commercial bank that controls the use of funds entrusted to it by the investor; a real estate investment fund; and through participation in state programs. It has been established that the mechanism of interaction between the construction developer and the Real Estate Operations Fund relies on the aforementioned professional participants—financial companies that serve as sources of investment for construction projects. The primary financial instrument between the Real Estate Operations Fund and the developer is investment certificates, through which funds are raised for construction. The state exerts its influence through tax regulations governing the financial mechanisms of real estate development. Through taxation, the state effectively encourages construction developers to participate in financing socially significant projects and construction projects that bring the industry closer to European standards (energy efficiency, digitalization, use of CO2-absorbing building materials (decarbonization)). State regulation of taxation for construction developers is aimed at encouraging them to expand their business projects.

The second part of literature review is devoted to in-depth analysis of clinical associations of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with cardiometabolic comorbid diseases. Objective. To systematize current concepts on individual variants of comorbid interactions in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Materials and methods. A systematic search was conducted in Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, CyberLeninka databases for 2014—2024 period using keywords specific for OSA and particular nosologies. Relevant publications were selected by authors manually based on the analysis of heading, abstract and full text. Results. The epidemiology and mechanisms of bilateral interaction of OSA with arterial hypertension, chronic heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus are considered in detail. The role of key pathogenetic links in each of the comorbid interactions is shown. The role of OSA as a key link in the comorbidity structure providing «vicious circles» complex persistence underlying the cardiometabolic continuum is discussed based on the obtained data. It is noted that OSA therapy impact on the long-term outcomes of comorbid diseases does not always allow to achieve the desired results. Conclusion. The management of patients with obstructive sleep apnea and other comorbid diseases should be carried out using a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach.

Background/Objectives: Glyphosate-based formulations are globally pervasive pollutants increasingly recognized as potential contributors to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in environmental microbiomes. Although glyphosate is designed to inhibit plant 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase, it also affects microbial metabolism, stress response, and genetic exchange. This review synthesizes the pathways through which glyphosate, its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), and commercial mixtures influence resistance-associated phenotypes and the dissemination of antibiotic resistance (ABR). Methods: A critical synthesis of the literature was conducted to evaluate the mechanistic and ecological interactions between glyphosate exposure and bacterial resistance in soil, aquatic, and host-associated microbiomes. Results: Experimental evidence showed that sublethal glyphosate exposure induced oxidative stress, altered membrane permeability, activated multidrug efflux pumps, and promoted tolerance phenotypes that could modify antibiotic susceptibility. It also enhances mutation rates and horizontal gene transfer processes associated with the emergence of resistance under controlled conditions. At the community level, glyphosate exposure is associated with microbiome restructuring and enrichment of resistance determinants, often without major shifts in overall diversity of the microbiome. These effects have been reported at environmentally relevant concentrations, although the evidence remains largely derived from laboratory and mesocosm studies. Conclusions: Glyphosate acts as both a biochemical modulator of resistance-related phenotypes and an environmental selective pressure that shapes microbial communities. Its widespread use and environmental persistence position it as a context-dependent contributor to the emergence and dissemination of AMR through interacting mechanistic and ecological pathways. Integrating AMR endpoints into pesticide risk assessments and surveillance frameworks is warranted, in addition to expanded field-based validation.

A Single Nucleotide Polymorphism That Affects Oligodendroglial Lineage Cells May Augment the Consequences of Neurotoxicants.

Modification of the properties of caking coals through the methods of their treatment is of practical interest, especially in the context of deterioration of the raw material source for coke production and high requirements for the quality of coke. Considering the hydrophobicity of coals and their relatively high porosity, vapor treatment can be an effective method of influencing coal properties. Research on the properties of coal treated with water vapor and crude benzene vapor was conducted using different caking ability methods. Coal moistened to 10%wt. was also investigated for comparison. Four coal samples with varying degrees of coalification, ranging from medium to high rank (Ro = 0.76–1.50%) and characterized by volatile matter (Vdaf = 20.24–37.42%), were investigated. The mechanisms of interaction between coals and water in liquid and vapor form were determined. The results demonstrate that the treatment with water vapor and crude benzene significantly affects the properties of coal A. Specifically, under the influence of water vapor, there is a decrease in the period before the formation of plasticity and an increase in the caking properties of coal A. Coal B and C have good caking ability, so the effect of treatment is less noticeable. The treatment of the coal D leads to an increase in the viscosity of the plastic mass and a decrease in the caking properties. The approaches used in the study of the impact on coal properties can be effectively implemented in production conditions.

Water Kefir is a plant-based fermented beverage, traditionally produced on a small scale by fermenting a sucrose solution with fresh or dried fruits, using water kefir grains as inoculum. The grains are relatively simple communities that consist of both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, rendering them a paradigm for studying microbial ecology and interspecies interactions. Recently, water kefir has attracted growing research and industrial interest due to its potential and perceived health benefits. Owing to its increasing popularity, there is a growing demand for controlled and standardised production on an industrial scale. However, industrial-scale production remains a challenge due to the limited knowledge of the biological interactions of the microbial consortia and the lack of defined starter cultures. This review examines the current understanding of microbial and metabolic complexity of water kefir obtained from various omics studies. It further investigates the potential of an integrated multi-omics approach to elucidate mechanisms of microbial interactions and provides a roadmap for conducting multi-omics studies on fermented foods using water kefir as an example. This review also explores the potential application of genome-scale metabolic modelling in the development of functional and defined microbial communities for food fermentation. It identifies key challenges associated with such modelling and provides perspectives to address them. Finally, this review briefly discusses the regulatory challenges associated with the use of defined communities in food systems.