Attenuation Mechanism Research Articles

Applying metabolic modeling and multi-omics to elucidate the biotransformation mechanisms of marine algal toxin domoic acid (DA) in sediments

Domoic acid (DA)-producing algal blooms are a global marine environmental issue. However, there has been no previous research addressing the question regarding the fate of DA in marine benthic environments. In this work, we investigated the DA fate in the water-sediment microcosm via the integrative analysis of a top-down metabolic model, metagenome, and metabolome. Results demonstrated that biodegradation is the leading mechanism for the nonconservative attenuation of DA. Specifically, DA degradation was prominently completed by the sediment aerobic community, with a degradation rate of 0.0681 ± 0.00954 d−1. The DA degradation pathway included hydration, dehydrogenation, hydrolysis, decarboxylation, automatic ring opening of hydration, and β oxidation reactions. Moreover, the reverse ecological analysis demonstrated that the microbial community transitioned from nutrient competition to metabolic cross-feeding during DA degradation, further enhancing the cooperation between DA degraders and other taxa. Finally, we reconstructed the metabolic process of microbial communities during DA degradation and confirmed that the metabolism of amino acid and organic acid drove the degradation of DA. Overall, our work not only elucidated the fate of DA in marine environments but also provided crucial insights for applying metabolic models and multi-omics to investigate the biotransformation of other contaminants.

Total Synthesis of Core 3 & Core 4‐Type Mucin Glycan Derivatives

AbstractRecent studies have demonstrated the ability of mucin O‐glycans to attenuate virulence in diverse, cross‐kingdom pathogens, sparking interest in their development as a novel therapeutic approach against infection. Although their virulence attenuating activity is evident, mucin glycans obtained from native sources comprise mixtures of several hundred distinct structures, and therefore the specific active glycan epitopes and molecular mechanisms of virulence attenuation remain unclear. Individual mucin glycan structures cannot be purified from native sources and are not amenable to automated synthesis; therefore, to further investigate the phenomena of virulence attenuation we have been developing convergent and scalable methods (>30 mg per target glycan) to assemble a mucin O‐glycan library in sufficient scale and purity to facilitate biological studies. Previously we described a method to obtain core 1 & core 2‐type mucin glycan derivatives that have since been used to identify active epitopes in Candida albicans and Vibrio cholerae. In the current study, we describe the expansion of our glycan library to include core 3 & core 4‐type derivatives, increasing the structural diversity of our platform for biological evaluation.

Weighted window attention and recover feature resolution-based network for deformable abdominal image registration

The Swin Transformer has attracted attention in the field of medical image analysis since its introduction in 2021 owing to its computational efficiency and long-range modeling capabilities. Because of these characteristics, the Swin Transformer can establish distant relationships between corresponding voxels at distant locations for complex abdominal image registration tasks. Transformer-based registration methods model the features of multiple fused voxels and output coarse-grained features of the same size. To enable the Transformer to output fine-grained information and strengthen the contribution of the Transformer in the registration model, we propose the recover feature resolution network (RFRNet), which converts the features outputted by the Transformer into fine-grained spatial information. In addition, fixed-window partitioning restricts the Transformer from modeling the global connection of semantic information with uncertain distances. Therefore, we proposed a weighted window attenuation (WWA) mechanism to achieve automatic global-scale interaction of window information after a window partitioning operation. Based on these improvements, we proposed a single-modal unsupervised deformable abnormal image registration model called RFR-WWANet. Qualitative and quantitative results showed that RFR-WWANet achieved significant improvements compared with the current state-of-the-art methods. Ablation experiments demonstrated the effectiveness of the RFRNet and WWA designs. Our code is available at https://github.com/MingR-Ma/RFR-WWANet.

Molybdenum disulfide modified silicon carbide ceramic nanofiber: Phase engineering for tuning microwave absorption properties of absorbers

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is an important two-dimension multifunction material, which is widely used in semiconductor devices due to its special electrical properties. However, the electromagnetic wave absorption performance of MoS2 is severely limited as a result of the impedance mismatch between the material and free space. To address this issue, effective strategies of phase engineering and in situ growth techniques are employed to synthesize 2 H MoS2, 1 T/2 H MoS2, SiC@2 H MoS2, and SiC@1 T/2 H MoS2 composites. The electromagnetic absorbing property data reveal that the minimum reflection loss can reach 58.04 dB at 11.16 GHz in a 2.5 mm thick SiC@1 T/2 H MoS2 nanofiber coating; the effective absorbing bandwidth is up to 5.04 GHz (9.16–14.2 GHz). From the detailed analysis, it can be seen that the dielectric loss strength and the degree of impedance matching are the critical factors impacting the microwave absorption properties. The attenuation mechanisms underlying the excellent microwave absorption performance and related phenomena are explored, opening new directions for synthesizing MoS2-based electromagnetic wave absorbing materials with efficient and broadband.

Reversible Switching Between Microwave Absorption and EMI Shielding of VO2 Composite Foam.

Developing lightweight composite with reversible switching between microwave (MW) absorption and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding is promising yet remains highly challenging due to the completely inconsistent attenuation mechanism for electromagnetic (EM) radiation. Here, a lightweight vanadium dioxide/expanded polymer microsphere composites foam (VO2/EPM) is designed and fabricated with porous structures and 3D VO2 interconnection, which possesses reversible switching function between MW absorption and EMI shielding under thermal stimulation. The VO2/EPM exhibits MW absorption with a broad effective absorption bandwidth of 3.25GHz at room temperature (25 °C), while provides EMI shielding of 23.1dB at moderately high temperature (100 °C). This reversible switching performance relies on the porous structure and tunability of electrical conductivity, complex permittivity, and impedance matching, which are substantially induced by the convertible crystal structure and electronic structure of VO2. Finite element simulation is employed to qualitatively investigate the change in interaction between EM waves and VO2/EPM before and after the phase transition. Moreover, the application of VO2/EPM is demonstrated with a reversible switching function in controlling wireless transmission on/off, showcasing its excellent cycling stability. This kind of smart material with a reversible switching function shows great potential in next-generation electronic devices.

Experimental Study on the Boundary Reflection Effect of Stress Wave Propagation Based on the Newly Developed Test Apparatus

There is a ubiquitous boundary reflection effect of stress wave propagation in the indoor experimental studies. It is critical to improve the validity of waveform data by optimizing boundary materials to absorb reflection waves. In the present study, a calculation method for the optimal wave impedance of boundary materials was proposed based on the transmission and reflection principle of one-dimensional stress waves at the interface of different media. By using the calculation method, the optimal wave impedance value of the boundary material was obtained. A one-dimensional stress wave propagation test apparatus was developed for exploring the improvement effect of absorbing materials on the boundary reflection effect. One-dimensional stress wave propagation experimental studies in the complete red sandstone samples were carried out by setting various boundary absorbing materials such as pine pad, rubber pad, and steel pad. The results indicated that the experimental test results were consistent with the theoretical calculation results. In the stress wave propagation tests, the optimal wave impedance value of the boundary material was 1.12 × 106 kg/m2·s. When the pine pads were used as boundary absorbing materials, the suppression effect of boundary reflection effects is relatively the best. The present study provides references for analyzing the characteristics and mechanism of stress wave propagation and attenuation.

Average grain size evaluation using scattering-induced attenuation of coda waves

Grain size is one of the key microstructural factors affecting the mechanical properties of polycrystalline metal materials. In this study, a novel method for grain size evaluation using ultrasonic coda waves is proposed. Different from conventional bulk wave methods that require a point-by-point scanning of the structure, the proposed method allows for a rapid evaluation of the average grain size of the whole part from a single inspection location using one-pass testing data. A piecewise energy attenuation function dealing with different attenuation mechanisms is proposed to obtain the effective attenuation coefficient of coda waves. A power-law model is constructed to correlate the effective attenuation coefficient with the average grain size. Ultrasonic testing on nickel-based superalloy plate specimens with different average grain sizes is performed for model calibration and method verification. The applicability and robustness of the proposed method are further validated using a realistic turbine disk specimen with an irregular shape and non-uniform grain sizes. Results show that the proposed method yields a reliable and accurate estimation of the average grain size with a maximum relative error less than 20 %.

Simulating squirt flow in realistic rock models using graphical processing units (GPUs)

SUMMARY Understanding the underlying mechanisms of seismic attenuation and moduli dispersion in fluid-saturated cracked porous rocks is of great importance for the development of non-invasive methods to characterize the subsurface. Wave-induced fluid flow at the pore scale, so-called squirt flow, is responsible for seismic attenuation and moduli dispersion at sonic and ultra-sonic frequencies and may be relevant at seismic frequencies. The squirt flow associated attenuation is usually quantified using analytical models. However, numerical experiments suggest that the squirt flow related dissipation is sensitive to fine details of the pore geometry, which can only be modelled numerically. Most of the existing numerical studies explore this phenomenon using simplified models, and there is a lack of numerical studies that model the physics in realistic pore geometries with sufficient numerical resolution. As a result, the impact of wave-induced fluid flow on the effective static and time-dependent mechanical characteristics in realistic settings is still poorly understood. I address these issues by developing a numerical method to model the effective mechanical properties of a hydromechanically coupled system at the pore scale suitable for graphical processing units. A numerical evaluation of attenuation and modulus dispersion due to squirt flow in models based on 3-D microtomography images of cracked Carrara marble is presented. It is shown that the local hydraulic conductivity can be quantitatively estimated from the numerically evaluated effective properties. The accuracy of the numerical results is carefully analysed. This study improves the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of attenuation and moduli dispersion in fluid-saturated cracked rocks. The new method can be applied to model squirt flow for entire laboratory samples in the centimetre scale which was not possible a decade ago.

The loss of the PDIM/PGL virulence lipids causes differential secretion of ESX-1 substrates in Mycobacterium marinum.

The mycobacterial cell envelope is a major virulence determinant in pathogenic mycobacteria. Specific outer lipids play roles in pathogenesis, modulating the immune system and promoting the secretion of virulence factors. ESX-1 (ESAT-6 system-1) is a conserved protein secretion system required for mycobacterial pathogenesis. Previous studies revealed that mycobacterial strains lacking the outer lipid PDIM have impaired ESX-1 function during laboratory growth and infection. The mechanisms underlying changes in ESX-1 function are unknown. We used a proteo-genetic approach to measure phthiocerol dimycocerosate (PDIM)- and phenolic glycolipid (PGL)-dependent protein secretion in M. marinum, a non-tubercular mycobacterial pathogen that causes tuberculosis-like disease in ectothermic animals. Importantly, M. marinum is a well-established model for mycobacterial pathogenesis. Our findings showed that M. marinum strains without PDIM and PGL showed specific, significant reductions in protein secretion compared to the WT and complemented strains. We recently established a hierarchy for the secretion of ESX-1 substrates in four (I-IV) groups. Loss of PDIM differentially impacted secretion of Group III and IV ESX-1 substrates, which are likely the effectors of pathogenesis. Our data suggest that the altered secretion of specific ESX-1 substrates is responsible for the observed ESX-1-related effects in PDIM-deficient strains.IMPORTANCEMycobacterium tuberculosis, the cause of human tuberculosis, killed an estimated 1.3 million people in 2022. Non-tubercular mycobacterial species cause acute and chronic human infections. Understanding how these bacteria cause disease is critical. Lipids in the cell envelope are essential for mycobacteria to interact with the host and promote disease. Strains lacking outer lipids are attenuated for infection, but the reasons are unclear. Our research aims to identify a mechanism for attenuation of mycobacterial strains without the PDIM and PGL outer lipids in M. marinum. These findings will enhance our understanding of the importance of lipids in pathogenesis and how these lipids contribute to other established virulence mechanisms.

Compressible thermoplastic polyurethane/silver nanorod foams for absorption dominant electromagnetic interference shielding

Conductive polymer composites (CPCs) have attracted significant interest in the field of flexible electromagnetic protection, but the challenge of balancing high electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) and low reflection losses still exists. Herein, thermoplastic polyurethane/silver nanorod (TPU/AgNR) composite foams have been successfully prepared using both the salt template and vacuum-assisted thermal compression methods. By varying the AgNRs content and employing a layer-by-layer bonding approach, a gradient structure with optimized impedance matching is achieved. The “absorb-reflect-reabsorb” EM attenuation mechanism of the asymmetric gradient EMI shielding in the internal structure is exploited, resulting in TPU/AgNR foam (TAF) with high EMI SE and significantly reduced EM reflection. Notably, the three-layer foams exhibit an average shielding efficacy of 35.5 dB and a reflected power coefficient (R) of 0.085 in the X-band, thereby substantially mitigating secondary EM wave reflections. Furthermore, these foams demonstrate exemplary compressive resilience, with the sample maintaining excellent EMI shielding stability even after undergoing 100 compression cycles at 50 % strain. Consequently, a straightforward approach is employed to fabricate materials with high EMI SE and low reflectivity, offering the potential for use in EM shielding applications of next-generation flexible electronic devices.

Investigating the mechanism of rough phenotype in a naturally attenuated Brucella strain: insights from whole genome sequencing.

Brucellosis, a significant zoonotic disease, not only impacts animal health but also profoundly influences the host immune responses through gut microbiome. Our research focuses on whole genome sequencing and comparative genomic analysis of these Brucella strains to understand the mechanisms of their virulence changes that may deepen our comprehension of the host immune dysregulation. The Brucella melitensis strain CMCC55210 and its naturally attenuated variant CMCC55210a were used as models. Biochemical identification tests and in vivo experiments in mice verified the characteristics of the strain. To understand the mechanism of attenuation, we then performed de novo sequencing of these two strains. We discovered notable genomic differences between the two strains, with a key single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutation in the manB gene potentially altering lipopolysaccharide (LPS) structure and influencing host immunity to the pathogen. This mutation might contribute to the attenuated strain's altered impact on the host's macrophage immune response, overing insights into the mechanisms of immune dysregulation linked to intracellular survival. Furthermore, we explore that manipulating the Type I restriction-modification system in Brucella can significantly impact its genome stability with the DNA damage response, consequently affecting the host's immune system. This study not only contributes to understanding the complex relationship between pathogens, and the immune system but also opens avenues for innovative therapeutic interventions in inflammatory diseases driven by microbial and immune dysregulation.

Comparative transcriptional analysis identifies genes associated with the attenuation of Theileria parva infected cells after long-term in vitro culture

Autologous administration of attenuated Theileria parva-infected cells induces immunity to T. parva in cattle. The mechanism of attenuation, however, is largely unknown. Here, we used RNA sequencing of pathogenic and attenuated T. parva-infected T-cells to elucidate the transcriptional changes underpinning attenuation. We observed differential expression of several host genes, including TRAIL, PD-1, TGF-β and granzymes that are known to regulate inflammation and proliferation of infected cells. Importantly, many genes linked with the attenuation of the related T. annulata-infected cells were not dysregulated in this study. Furthermore, known T. parva antigens were not dysregulated in attenuated relative to pathogenic cells, indicating that attenuation is not due to enhanced immunogenicity. Overall this study suggests that attenuation is driven by a decrease in proliferation and restoration of the inflammatory profile of T. parva-infected cells. Additionally, it provides a foundation for future mechanistic studies of the attenuation phenotype in Theileria-infected cells.

Abiotic natural attenuation of 1,2,3-trichloropropane by natural magnetite under O2 perturbation

1,2,3-Trichloropropane (TCP) is an emerging groundwater pollutant, but there is a lack of reported studies on the abiotic natural attenuation of TCP by iron minerals. Furthermore, perturbation by O2 is common in the shallow subsurface by both natural and artificial processes. In this study, natural magnetite was selected as the reactive iron mineral to investigate its role in the degradation of TCP under O2 perturbation. The results indicated that the mineral structural Fe(II) on magnetite reacted with dissolved oxygen to generate O2−· and HO·. Both O2−· and HO· contributed to TCP degradation, with O2−· playing a more important role. After 56 days of reaction, 66.7% of TCP was completely dechlorinated. This study revealed that higher magnetite concentrations, smaller magnetite particle sizes, and lower initial TCP concentrations favored TCP degradation. The presence of <10 mg/L natural organic matter (NOM) did not affect TCP degradation. These findings significantly advance our understanding of the abiotic natural attenuation mechanisms facilitated by iron minerals under O2 perturbation, providing crucial insights for the study of natural attenuation.

A systematic analysis and optimization of bicarbonate electrolysis based on a bipolar membrane through multiscale simulation

Bicarbonate electrolysis facilitated by bipolar membrane has emerged as a compelling alternative to gaseous CO2 electrolysis, primarily because of its enhanced product concentration and streamlined processes. However, despite increasing attention, a comprehensive understanding of bicarbonate electrolysis has been eclipsed by the complexity of the intertwined electrode reactions and water dissociation promotion mechanisms of bipolar membranes. A physics-based modeling approach has substantial potential to untangle the impact of intertwined physicochemical processes and expedite the optimization of bicarbonate electrolysis. In this study, a multiscale model coupled with a 1D bipolar membrane and a 2D cathode model is presented to explore the effects of bipolar membranes on cathode reactions and performance optimization using H+ flux as a bridge. For a bipolar membrane, the attenuation mechanism of water dissociation involving ohmic and concentration losses is presented and described using mathematical eqs. A quantification metric, the water dissociation efficiency of a bipolar membrane, is proposed to denote the degree of promoted water dissociation. Two noteworthy parameters related to the fixed functional group concentration are determined and detailed: the onset current density required to stimulate water dissociation and the limited water dissociation efficiency caused by attenuation. For the cathode, a synergistic enhancement mechanism among the operating parameters, membrane properties, and cathode properties is identified. The combined effect of these parameters on the electrolytic performance surpasses the sum of their individual enhancements. Following parameter optimization, there is a notable increase in the current density and Faraday efficiency of bicarbonate electrolysis by 68.6 mA/cm2 and 18.3%, respectively. This study provides a holistic understanding of bicarbonate electrolysis and substantial guidance for its future design.

Frequency-dependent elastic properties of fracture-induced VTI rocks in a fluid-saturated porous and microcracked background

Fractures are widely distributed underground. The stiffness matrix of fractured rocks has been extensively investigated in a fluid-saturated porous background medium. However, the existing stiffness models only incorporate the attenuation mechanism of wave-induced fluid flow (WIFF). For macroscopic fractures, the elastic scattering (ES) of fractures cannot be ignored. To alleviate this issue, a frequency-dependent stiffness matrix model is developed, including the mesoscopic WIFF between fractures and background (FB-WIFF), the microscopic squirt flow, and the macroscopic ES from the fractures. By combining the far-field scattered wavefields of normal incident P and SV waves with the linear slip theory, the dynamic full-stiffness matrices for fracture-induced effective vertically transversely isotropic rocks in a fluid-saturated porous and microcracked background are derived. Then, the P, SV, and SH-wave velocities and attenuation can be obtained through the Kelvin-Christoffel equation. The results indicate that the FB-WIFF mechanism significantly affects the velocities and attenuation of the P and SV waves but has almost no effect on the SH wave, whereas the squirt flow and ES mechanisms affect the velocities and attenuation of all the P, SV, and SH waves. For validation, the model is compared with existing models and previous experimental ultrasonic data.

Mesoscale modelling of metaconcrete containing rubber aggregates towards wave attenuation against impact loadings

This paper proposes a novel protective material that enhances the impact resistance of metaconcrete by integrating rubber aggregates. The study delves into the mesoscopic mechanisms of wave attenuation in this material and the regulation of its performance accordingly. It first explores the effect of various design parameters of engineering aggregates on bandgap formation and then further investigates the influence of material viscoelastic properties on its bandgap width. Mesoscale simulations of spalling tests demonstrate that incorporating rubber aggregates can effectively expand the bandgap range, enhance energy absorption, reduce damage to the mortar matrix, and ultimately improve the impact resistance of metaconcrete. Simulation results in the present study highlight the effectiveness of rubber aggregates in strengthening metaconcrete's impact resistance.

Construction of gradient hierarchical and hetero-interfaces structure for ultra-broad microwave absorption

Currently, carbon materials derived from biomass are widely sought after as electromagnetic absorbing(EMWA) materials owing to the unique structure, as well as the wide range of natural acquisition pathways, economic viability, and simple processing. However, due to the high dielectric properties, mismatched impedance and single attenuation mechanism, they cannot achieve efficient EMWA performance. Herein, the biomass carbon/Co/porous carbon magnetic composites with a layered gradient structure were fabricated by in-situ deposition of ZIF-67 on the lotus leaf base and then pyrolysis at high temperature. By adjusting the pyrolysis temperature, the sample obtained at 650 ​°C achieved a minimum reflection value (RLmin) of −34.2 ​dB at a matching thickness of 2.6 ​mm, and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 7.12 ​GHz. The results indicate that this magnetic composite with a multi-sized layered gradient porous structure has a good electron transport network, a large number of heterogeneous interfaces, and dipole polarization centers, which are conducive to multiple reflection and scattering of microwaves, conduction loss, interface loss, magnetic loss, and impedance matching of materials. Therefore, this work provided a reference for optimizing the EMWA performance of carbon materials and designing a layered gradient porous magnetic composite with multi-sized structure.

Does Walking with a Load Affect Asymmetry in Bilateral Lower Extremity Mechanics?

PURPOSE This study sought to analyze the velocity and asymmetry between bilateral lower extremity mechanics according to the load during walking.METHODS A total of 14 adults with right leg dominance participated in this study (Male=7, Female=7). We respectively applied 30% of body weight load carriage on the subjects. Gait characteristics were analyzed with 3-dimensional cinematography and ground reaction force (GRF) system consisted of a center of gravity (COG) velocity, center of pressure (COP) area, leg stiffness, and GRF components.RESULTS Change in velocity of the maximum-minimum COG showed statistically significant in the main effect of load. The 1st anterior-posterior GRF (braking force) and vertical GRF were statistically significant in the main effects of load and bilateral lower limbs. The 2nd anterior-posterior GRF (propulsive force) was statistically significant in the main effect of load. COP area and leg stiffness exhibited statistically significant differences in the main effects of load and bilateral lower limbs. Interaction was observed in the vertical GRF, COP area. Furthermore , one-way variance analysis revealed load main effect had a greater influence on the increase in the magnitude of the vertical GRF and COP area than the asymmetry of bilateral lower limbs.CONCLUSIONS This study revealed the differences in asymmetry between the dominant and non-dominant lower limbs according to the load during walking. These findings may explain the differences shock attenuation and stress mechanisms between the bilateral lower limbs.

2-D Sn wave attenuation tomography beneath the Eastern Himalaya

SUMMARY The Arunachal and Bhutan Himalaya, which are tectonically distinct from other regions of the Himalaya, have a structure that is quite intricate. The eastern Himalayan segment is a component of the region where the Indian and Eurasian plates collided 50 Myr. The Indian Plate goes beneath the Eurasian Plate in the north, and in the eastern part of the region, the Indian Plate subducts under the Burmese Plate. Here, we studied the seismic attenuation of the uppermost mantle by measuring the quality factor of the Sn wave (SnQ) to understand the dynamics of the lithospheric mantle and the cause of the seismic anomalies found in this area. The upper mantle Q structure has significant lateral differences in Arunachal and the Bhutan Himalaya. Arunachal Himalaya’s central region is characterized by a very low $Q\, (\le 150)$. The successive low-high-low SnQ values in eastern Arunachal Himalaya near Siang region have been observed. The western Arunachal region, close to the Bhutan border, exhibits a contrast in Q values. We notice that low Q values (≤200) predominate in the central to eastern Bhutan Himalaya. The western part of Bhutan Himalaya exhibits relatively high $Q\, (\ge 200)$ values, mostly near Paro and Thimpu. Interestingly, a clear boundary between low and high Q has been observed near Kakthang thrust (KT) in the Bhutan Himalaya. We found significant lateral variation of frequency dependent parameter (η) across the study region. They range from 0.25 to 0.75, with low values (≤0.5) found mostly in the central Bhutan Himalaya and in a few isolated areas of the Arunachal Himalaya. Low Q and a relatively higher $\eta \, (\ge 0.5)$ might suggest that the scattering attenuation is the controlling mechanism for Sn wave attenuation in the upper mantle beneath Arunachal Himalaya. On the contrary, dominant low Q values across the central segment of the Bhutan Himalaya, along with a low to moderate body wave velocity and dominating low η values, subsequently corroborate that intrinsic attenuation is the dominant factor in the upper mantle of the central Bhutan Himalaya.

Expansion kinetics of shock waves generated by laser ablation in copper across a transverse magnetic field

Spatio-temporal evolution of laser-induced shock wave (LISW), initiated by 6 ns laser ablation of Cu target in a transverse magnetic field (B) of diverse strength was investigated by optical beam deflection method. It was found that the average LISW velocity in the near field achieve a value 2.8 km/s which dropped to 2.1 km/s in the absence of B. The shock wave pressure near the target surface at the highest incident fluence reaches ∼ 50 MPa for applied B = 300 mT and nearly become halved without B. The decay of the near field shock front pressure estimated from the Sadowski shock-wave approximation pointed to a strong attenuation mechanism in the initial phase of the shock wave propagation. Interestingly, the shock wave front pressure swiftly increases with gradual increase of incident fluence that finally starts to saturate at high fluence regardless of applied B. The development of shock wave was further mapped with laser ablation of Cu target under transverse B. The ablation depth is found to enhance gradually with increase of B (0–300 mT) which could be attributed to the increase in plasma temperature under B.