Significance of Cattaneo-Christov heat flux and bioconvection in magnetized Jeffrey nanofluid inside an extendable cylinder: Advanced in cooling system

Oligomer cross-linking strategy enabling quasi-single crystal TiO2 thin films for enhanced photoelectrochemical performance: mechanism and process engineering

Mechanical characterization of fruits is essential not only for postharvest system design but also for understanding texture integrity, which directly influences consumer perception and acceptability. In this study, four stone fruits-aonla, peach, plum, and sapota-were evaluated using quasi-static compression tests. Force-deformation curves were analyzed with Hertzian contact theory to estimate effective and actual elastic moduli, providing quantitative indicators of firmness and tissue resilience. Aonla exhibited the highest firmness (Elastic Limit 69.38 N, Rupture 250 N, E 4.62 MPa), while plum and sapota showed lower thresholds, reflecting softer, more deformable textures. Mechanical strength correlated strongly with pulp-to-stone ratio and moisture content, parameters that shape consumer-perceived juiciness and resistance to bruising. Hertzian analysis proved a robust predictor of fruit texture and mechanical resistance, offering quantitative descriptors that bridge engineering mechanics with sensory quality. These findings provide actionable insights for fruit-specific handling, storage, and processing systems aimed at preserving desirable textural attributes.

The Monte-Carlo method is a powerful tool for analysing a wide range of problems in mechanical engineering and physics. This paper considers how to introduce the Monte-Carlo method to undergraduate engineering students. It is proposed to use the Monte-Carlo method to evaluate the mass moment of inertia as an example application. This is an ideal application area as there is a hierarchy of complexity of implementation, starting with a one-dimensional shape, followed by a three-dimensional shape and finally a composite shape. A number of variants of the Monte-Carlo method are considered, with different complexities of implementation and numerical accuracy. The Monte-Carlo method that uses the parallel axis theorem as part of its basis is the most efficient method, with a maximum speed-up of 58,500 compared to the Monte-Carlo method that is the easiest to implement when reduced run-time is factored into the analysis. If the parallel axis theorem is not part of the Monte-Carlo method basis, then the maximum speed-up parameter is reduced to 79.4. The Monte-Carlo method that uses the parallel axis theorem uses proportionate stratified sampling to allocate function evaluations to the shapes that make up the composite shape.

The ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts invites original research papers, review articles, and scholarly contributions for a Special Issue titled “Contemporary Perspectives in Science, Technology, Humanities and Management.” This issue aims to promote interdisciplinary dialogue on emerging developments across scientific innovation, digital transformation, humanistic inquiry, cultural studies, organizational practices, and sustainable management. It welcomes theoretical, empirical, conceptual, and practice-based studies that examine contemporary challenges through integrated perspectives. Contributors are encouraged to explore technology, education, leadership, communication, entrepreneurship, ethics, sustainability, and human-centered development. The editorial team invites meaningful submissions that enrich current academic and professional discourse. Dr. Haron Bouras Département du langue Française, Faculté des Lettres et des Langues, Université de Souk Ahras, Souk Ahras , 41000. Algérie Email: haron.bouras@univ-soukahras.dz Dr. R Arul Assistant Professor, Department of Commerce, St.Joseph's College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, India Email: arulfriends2005@gmail.com Dr. Sujith T S Assistant Professor, Department of Commerce and Management, School of Arts, Humanities and Commerce, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi Campus, Kerala, India Email: sujiththelapurath@gmail.com Dr. Manikandan Sridharan Dean (Technical Affairs, Research and Branding) and Associate Professor of Information Technology in E.G.S. Pillay Engineering College (Autonomous), Nagapattinam, Tamil Nadu, India Email: profmaninvp@gmail.com Dr. Rajesh Kumar Porwal Professor & Dean, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India Email: porwal.rajesh@gmail.com

For advanced applications in noise reduction, vibration control and lightweight structural parts in mechanical, civil, and aerospace engineering, the energy absorption and vibration behavior of a metamaterial microplate are being explored. To obtain higher energy dissipation and dynamic capabilities, a porous metamaterial microplate reinforced with graphene platelets (GPLs) is utilized. Through the integration of a distributed mass-spring system into the microplate, this microstructure demonstrates an enhanced capacity for vibration control. The system is modeled by means of the tangential trigonometric higher-order shear deformation theory (THSDT), and subsequently, coupled equations of motion are presented through the energy principle. An analytical solution has been carried out for finding the natural frequencies of the metamaterial and its stopband behavior, which is crucial for the unwanted vibrations mitigation. These investigations have examined the impacts of a number of critical parameters on the vibration response and energy absorption of this metamaterial microplate, including the porosity coefficient, small-scale effects, geometric properties, and GPL volume fraction. The first resonance frequency is increased by 19% in the nonlinear GPL distribution. Also, the size theories of strain gradient and couple stress decrease the bandgap width by 45% and 84% with respect to classical theory.

Abstract This is a special issue dedicated to celebrating the life, legacy, and profound contributions of Professor Ward O. Winer, a towering figure in the field of tribology and mechanical engineering, who passed away on May 25, 2025. Professor Winer was also the third Editor-in-Chief for this journal, and the first when the journal was renamed the “Journal of Tribology.”

The article is devoted to the analysis of the influence of pulsed laser processing (PLP) on the surface of coatings for cutting tools with the aim of forming nanostructures and improving wear resistance. Despite the significant number of studies on nanostructures, generalized in monographs [4–10], the technological parameters of femtosecond lasers for obtaining nanograins remain insufficiently studied, as well as the influence of the method of specifying thermophysical and thermomechanical characteristics on the accuracy of prediction, and thermomechanical stresses in multilayer compositions.The developed mathematical model allows theoretical evaluation of the parameters of pulsed laser processing that ensure the required properties of cutting tools made of cemented carbide with wear-resistant coatings. It has been established that changes in the thermophysical properties of layers significantly affect the temperature distribution in the composition. However, with an increase in the number of layers and their thicknesses, the influence of the thermophysical properties of each layer on the temperature distribution in the composition becomes insignificant. By purposefully selecting the thermophysical characteristics of the coating layer materials, it is possible to control the formation of isotherms throughout the entire composition volume. At the same time, the obtained data show that the critical power densities for coatings of different compositions and structures differ insignificantly due to the small difference in their thermal conductivity coefficients. In addition, when determining the critical power density, the issue of stresses arising during PLP at the interface between the coating and the tool base is important. The magnitude of these stresses can significantly affect the value of the critical power density determined considering only the analysis of the thermal state of the «coating-tool base» composition. Analytical solution for determining stresses is a rather complex task. On the other hand, solving this problem is possible through numerical modeling of the PLP influence process on the «multilayer coating-tool base» composition.The methodology includes solving the coupled problem of heat conduction and thermoelasticity using stochastic and quantum-mechanically calculated characteristics. Analysis of the dependence curves showed that at relatively low heat flux densities the difference is small, while with an increase in the heat flux the difference increases, though insignificantly. And with a decrease in the duration of the heat flux action, this difference grows. It is evident that the femtosecond laser is very sensitive to the method of specifying thermophysical and thermomechanical characteristics.The conclusions emphasize the practical significance of the model for optimizing PLP of cutting tools in mechanical engineering.

The rocking response of rigid bodies has been extensively studied in Mechanics and Civil Engineering, especially following the foundational work of Housner. While prior research has primarily examined symmetric blocks, structures that react the same way to excitations in either direction, many practical configurations involve asymmetry, where the centers of mass and geometry do not coincide. This asymmetry results in direction-dependent responses under dynamic loading. This study explores the seismic behavior of asymmetric rigid blocks supported by a dual isolation system, featuring both horizontal and vertical components, with particular emphasis on characterizing and understanding their nonlinear dynamic response. The governing equations of motion are derived, accounting for both rocking and full-contact phases, as well as uplift and impact conditions. The horizontal isolation is modeled using a Bouc-Wen hysteretic formulation, while the vertical isolation system is represented with a Kelvin-Voigt viscoelastic model. The first part concerns the seismic analysis of the system. As base excitation, three earthquake horizontal and vertical records are selected accounting for their spectral content and PGA. The results are arranged in rocking maps and comparisons among the systems referring to symmetric rigid blocks and those referring to asymmetric blocks with increasing eccentricity are performed to examine the role of the asymmetry of blocks protected with the dual base isolation. Results show that vertical isolation, when combined with horizontal isolation, enhances the block’s ability to remain in full-contact compared to the case with horizontal isolation alone. The second part focuses on the overturning mechanisms exhibited by asymmetric rigid blocks equipped with the previously discussed dual base isolation system. To this end, the system is subjected to horizontal and vertical impulsive one-sine base accelerations, and the resulting overturning spectral maps are constructed. The analysis uncovers previously unidentified overturning modes specific to dual-isolated asymmetric blocks.

Catalytic mechanisms, engineering, and cascade biocatalysis of mono(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate hydrolases for efficient PET depolymerization: A review.

With the growing demand for high-performance, low-maintenance, and dependable braking solutions, contactless braking technologies have emerged as a focal point of interest across modern transportation and industrial sectors. The Electromagnetic Braking System (EMBS) stands out as a particularly viable option, capable of producing braking force without any physical mechanical contact between components. Conventional friction-based brakes are prone to wear and tear, thermal degradation, and recurring maintenance needs. In contrast, electromagnetic braking operates on fundamental electromagnetic principles — specifically Faraday's Law of Induction and Lenz's Law. The braking effect is achieved by generating eddy currents within a spinning conductive element, which in turn produces an opposing force that decelerates the rotating part. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of electromagnetic braking from the standpoint of mechanical engineering. The discussion encompasses the underlying working principles, system architecture, component selection criteria, governing mathematical formulations, torque-speed characteristics, and both the merits and constraints of this technology. Furthermore, it illustrates how performance parameters such as rotor velocity, magnetic flux density, and the electrical conductivity of the material collectively influence braking effectiveness. The study also examines real-world applications of electromagnetic braking across several domains, including high-speed rail systems, electric and hybrid automobiles, industrial equipment, and vertical transport systems such as elevators. Although the system demonstrates strong performance at moderate to high speeds, its effectiveness diminishes considerably at very low speeds, which currently prevents it from serving as a complete substitute for conventional braking mechanisms. In conclusion, electromagnetic braking is most effectively deployed as a complementary or hybrid braking solution in conjunction with traditional systems — particularly within advanced electromechanical platforms and the evolving landscape of electric mobility

Technological advancements driven by engineering have become key factors in elevating Türkiye's global standing in health tourism, greatly strengthening its competitiveness and attracting a growing number of international patients. Emin Taner Elmas is not a dentist or endodontist, but a Mechanical Engineer and academic. His work focuses not directly on classical dental clinical practice or endodontics, but rather on interdisciplinary fields such as thermodynamics, energy transfer, fluid mechanics, and biomedical engineering. However, Elmas's engineering approach has the potential to contribute to the medical field, including dentistry, indirectly through biomedical and health technologies: Biomedical Approach: Treating the human body as a "bio-machine," Elmas develops theories on the natural vibration frequencies of organs and tissues. This "bio-robotic resonance" theory can inspire the design of next-generation devices for tissue healing or disease diagnosis at a theoretical level. Medical Device Modeling: His expertise in thermodynamics and fluid mechanics is used in the design and simulation of medical devices (e.g., hemodialysis machines or drug delivery algorithms). The mechanical strength of surgical instruments used in dentistry or the thermal effects of dental lasers are engineering problems that fall within Elmas's area of ​​expertise. Interdisciplinary Technologies: He has studies on machine learning and artificial intelligence-supported diagnostic systems. These technologies are increasingly used in the field of endodontics today, such as caries detection and root canal anatomy analysis. In summary, Emin Taner Elmas is not a dentist, therefore he does not develop clinical endodontic procedures. However, his work applying engineering principles to the biomedical field has the potential to contribute to the scientific infrastructure of future dental technologies (device design, diagnostic algorithms, etc.). The "Bio-robotic Resonance and Thermodynamic Interaction" theory and medical technology models developed by Emin Taner Elmas can be indirectly adapted to the fields of dentistry and endodontics. The potential contributions of Elmas's work to dental technologies can be evaluated under the following headings: Bio-robotic Resonance and Diagnosis: Elmas views the body as a "bio-machine," arguing that each tissue has its own unique natural vibration frequency. This approach could form the basis for the development of next-generation diagnostic devices that can detect the condition of tooth canals or microcracks in the tooth root using acoustic signal analysis and Fourier transforms in endodontics. Smart Drug Algorithms: His work focuses on smart drug algorithms and simulations via "Frequency Modulation". This modeling can be used to optimize the thermodynamic interaction of disinfectants or drugs applied into the root canal with the tissue in endodontic treatments. Medical Device Modeling: As a thermodynamics and fluid mechanics specialist, Elmas works on the prototype design and simulation of medical devices (such as hemodialysis machines). This engineering knowledge can directly address specific engineering problems in dentistry, such as controlling the thermal effects of dental lasers or increasing the mechanical efficiency of surgical instruments. Interdisciplinary Approach: His work generally focuses on "Medical Technology," combining mechanical engineering and medical sciences. This perspective contributes to the development of the mechanical and software infrastructure of advanced technologies such as digital intraoral scanners and robotic surgical support systems, which are becoming increasingly common in dentistry today. In summary, Elmas's contribution focuses on the engineering design and theoretical physics of smart devices and diagnostic systems used in dentistry, rather than a clinical application.[1-73]

The article substantiates the application of an integrative approach to teaching the academic disciplines “Introduction to the Specialty”, “Descriptive Geometry and Engineering Graphics”, “Higher Mathematics”, and “Information and Computer Technologies in Mechanical Engineering”, which is implemented on the basis of horizontal interdisciplinary integration. The implementation of this approach is considered using the example of training bachelor’s degree students in the specialty “Applied Mechanics” within the educational and professional program “Computerized Technologies and Mechatronic Systems in Mechanical Engineering”. It has been determined that the conceptual basis of the proposed approach is the use of the core topic “Technological Process” in the discipline “Introduction to the Specialty,” which is supported by modernization of the teaching algorithm of the discipline “Descriptive Geometry and Engineering Graphics” through the introduction, at the initial stage of study, of topics aimed at developing the ability to interpret graphical representations of mechanical processing processes. The simultaneous study, within the discipline “Higher Mathematics”, of topics whose content correlates with the material of descriptive geometry and the introduction to the specialty contributes to the development of spatial and abstract thinking and deepens the understanding of the necessity of fundamental knowledge for engineering practice. Integration with the discipline “Information and Computer Technologies in Mechanical Engineering” contributes to the formation of a holistic understanding of computerized technologies in mechanical engineering. It is shown that the use of horizontal interdisciplinary integration of the content of fundamental, general engineering, and specialized disciplines in the first year of bachelor’s degree training in mechanical engineering contributes to increasing the effectiveness of teaching the discipline “Introduction to the Specialty”, improving orientation in the content of the specialty, and accelerating the professional adaptation of students.

The field of neurosurgery has advanced in parallel with technological innovations, the most prominent of which remains the aneurysm clip. Landmark contributions from pioneering neurosurgeons, advances in the principles of biocompatibility and biomechanics, and improvements in vascular imaging have all shaped modern cerebrovascular surgery. In our paper, we describe the fascinating development of the cerebral aneurysm clip, a remarkable convergence of neurosurgery, metallurgy, and mechanical engineering, driven by the need to safely and effectively treat intracranial aneurysms.

The study highlights the problem of developing creativity in future specialists in the G11 mechanical engineering specialties in the process of studying fundamental disciplines, namely higher mathematics. The views of scientists on the definition of the concept of «creativity» are analyzed and it is stated that creativity is a component of competence. Summarizing the above views on the concept of «creativity», the authors define the creativity of the future as an integrated quality of the personality, which is manifested in the ability to innovative technical thinking, generating new technical ideas, applying mathematical and natural science knowledge in non-standard situations, designing and improving technical objects taking into account modern trends in the development of science and technology. The potential of the discipline «Higher Mathematics» as a means of developing creativity is determined, methods and techniques that contribute to the activation of creative thinking in the process of mathematical training are considered. It is determined that for the development of students in higher mathematics classes, it is important to create a creative educational environment and characterize it. The authors have identified the structural components of creativity (motivational, cognitive, reflective) and characterized each component of the studied concept. We present systematized examples of tasks on the theme «Limits», specially designed to develop the creativity of students of mechanical engineering specialties.

This study analyzes the impact of thermal radiation on the bioconvective flow of a nanofluid over a radially expanding sheet embedded in a Darcy–Forchheimer porous medium. Bioconvection based on gyrotactic microorganisms is crucial for biotechnology and biosensor applications. The primary objective of bioconvection research is to improve energy and mass transmission, which has significant implications for chemical, mechanical, civil, electrical, and process intensification engineering. This work develops a new mathematical model for the unsteady bioconvective flow of a chemically reactive magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) nanofluid with nonlinear thermal radiation and gyrotactic microorganisms in the presence of Darcy–Forchheimer effects. The governing equations include solar radiation, viscous dissipation, and the Buongiorno model in addition to thermophoresis and Brownian motion. A suitable similarity transformation is used to reduce the controlling partial differential equations to a set of ordinary differential equations. The integrated MATLAB solver bvp4c is used to numerically solve these linked higher-order equations for various values of the governing parameters once they have been transformed into a system of first-order ODEs. The results, which are presented graphically, demonstrate significant variations in the motile microbe density, Nusselt number, and skin friction coefficient. It is discovered that increasing the thermophoresis and radiation parameters enhances the fluid temperature while increasing the Darcy–Forchheimer parameter causes a decrease in wall shear stress.

In response to the decline in population diversity, the imbalance between exploration and exploitation, and the low convergence efficiency in the middle and later stages of the Red-billed Blue Magpie Optimizer (RBMO) when addressing complex optimization problems, this study proposes a multi-strategy enhanced variant termed CLD-RBMO. The proposed algorithm improves the original search mechanism from three perspectives: strengthened global exploration, enhanced local refinement, and directed exploitation in the middle and later stages. During the exploration phase, a hierarchical perturbation mechanism based on Logistic chaotic mapping and Lévy flight is introduced to enhance randomness and spatial coverage in the early search process. In the local exploitation phase, a Cauchy-Gauss hybrid mutation operator is employed to improve the algorithm's capability to escape from local optima. In the middle and later search stages, a stochastic differential mutation strategy is incorporated to provide population-structure-based directional guidance for individuals, thereby accelerating convergence and improving optimization accuracy. Simulation results on the CEC2017 benchmark test functions indicate that CLD-RBMO demonstrates clear superiority over the original algorithm and several representative swarm intelligence optimization algorithms in terms of optimization accuracy, stability, and overall performance ranking. Convergence curve analysis confirms its dynamic performance improvements across different search stages, and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test further statistically validates the significance of the performance enhancement achieved by the proposed improvements compared with the original algorithm. Moreover, evaluations on two representative mechanical engineering optimization case studies further demonstrate the algorithm's strong stability and engineering generalization capability.

ABSTRACT Amusement devices often have signs that provide information to patrons, but can also be vital safety measures. Signage is currently viewed as passive and often ignored, leaving major threats undisclosed. This paper proposes a new concept: safety signage as part of the ride’s safety ecosystem. It integrates mechanical engineering, human factors engineering, systems engineering, and risk management to deal with existing gaps. The proposed Integrated Safety Signage System (ISSS) Framework is based on the Singapore BCA Amusement Ride Safety Management System (ARSMS), and includes rules, best practices, and lessons from fatal accidents involving signage. This is a human-made, engineering-process-driven approach that provides hands-on guidance on risk-based indicators throughout the ride life cycle to achieve regulatory compliance. The reduced risks enabled by proper signage can support future research on the effectiveness and technological improvements of safety signage, turning it into a life-saving, essential safety element of the ride.

The development, selection, and adaptation of assistive technologies such as exoskeletons to assist people with disabilities is associated with a complex decision-making process due to the uncertainty of evaluation criteria. Traditional decision-making methods in this area often fail to address these complex challenges, leading to inefficiencies in the preparation and implementation of the exoskeleton production process and, consequently, reduced product quality. To overcome these challenges, this article proposes an artificial intelligence (AI)-based decision support approach for the development of upper limb exoskeletons. This approach reduces costs, improves production quality, and accelerates exoskeleton design and production, with accuracy reaching 100 per cent using a multilayer perceptron, enabling more accurate and realistic results. The article presents new models supporting the classification of hand dysfunctions, exoskeleton design (indicating the position of exoskeleton actuators, the number of actuators required, and the maximum grip force of the exoskeleton), and estimating manufacturing costs. This shows how to optimize AI-assisted technologies in the form of exoskeletons in support systems for people with disabilities.

This study presents the design, development, and testing of a crucible furnace engineered for melting aluminium using an R22 gas tank as the main structure. We estimated the fuel consumption using the calorific value ( C V ) analysis and compared it with the measured fuel consumption by melting one aluminium-loaded crucible. Further, we detailed a step-by-step of how to build this crucible furnace. The furnace successfully melted the aluminium load for all fuel sources tested. This project provides a valuable resource for educational and industrial applications in small-scale aluminium recycling. Lastly, both bio-based oils (babassu, palm, and soybean oils) and waste lubricating oil were demonstrated to be suitable for use as fuel sources.