Mechanical Engineering Technology Research Articles

Preface

After successfully held for seven consecutive year, 2022 8th International Conference on Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Automation Technology (MMEAT 2022) was successfully held during May 27-29, 2022 in Qingdao, China. MMEAT 2022 is to bring together innovative academics and industrial experts in the field of materials, mechanical engineering and automation technology to a common forum. The primary goal of the conference is to promote research and developmental activities in Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Automation Technology and another goal is to promote scientific information interchange between researchers, developers, engineers, students, and practitioners working all around the world. The conference will be held every year to make it an ideal platform for people to share views and experiences in materials, mechanical engineering and automation technology and related areas.This year, more than 350 participants took part in the conference and we were greatly honored to have two professors to serve as our conference chairman and seven industry elites as our keynote speakers. The conference model was divided into two sessions, including oral presentations and keynote speeches. In the first part, some scholars, whose submissions were selected as the excellent papers, were given 15 minutes to perform their oral presentations one by one. Then in the second part, keynote speakers were each allocated 30-45 minutes to hold their speeches.In the keynote presentation part, A.Prof.Thomas Fiedler, from the University of Newcastle as our first keynote speaker. His particular interest are cellular metals for impact attenuation, damping, functional applications and lightweight design. In addition, we had Prof.Zongyu Chang, Ocean University of China. His research content mainly includes: mechanical dynamics, dynamics and control of marine equipment and human factors in offshore engineering. A.Prof.Guanglei Wu, from Dalian University of Technology. His research interests include robotic technology and their applications. And then we had Assoc.Prof. Guangming Wang, Shandong Agricultural University, China. His main research interest is hydrostatic power split continuously variable tractor transmission. Assoc.Prof. Yufei Gao, Shandong University, China. He is mainly engaged in the research of digitization and simulation, precision machining, diamond wire saw slicing and high-performance electroplated diamond wire preparation, intelligent manufacturing and intelligent equipment. Assoc.Prof.Fei Gao, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China. His current research interests include microgrids, wireless power transfer and more electric transportation systems. Prof.Zhengfang Wang, our finale keynote speaker, from Shandong University of Technology, China.List of Committee member is available in this pdf.

Analisa Kekuatan Mekanik Sambungan Las Menggunakan Pola Ayunan Melingkar Dan Zig-Zag Pada Baja Karbon Sedang

Welding is one of the metal joining techniques by melting some of the parent metal and filler metal which is currently widely used with different methods and movements of welding electrodes. These methods aim to obtain flat and smooth welds and at the same time become the impetus for the compilers to conduct research entitled "analysis of the mechanical strength of welded joints using circular and zig-zag swing patterns on medium carbon steel" with the aim of knowing the effect of welding patterns on hardness test on medium carbon steel material and the effect of microstructure welding pattern on medium carbon steel material. This research was conducted in August 2020, at the Mechanical Engineering Materials and Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Halu Oleo University Kendari. The tools used are welding machines, grinding machines, welding goggles, pliers, masks and gloves while the materials are 0.5 cm carbon steel plate, welding electrodes, grinding wheels. The results of the first research are that for welding using a circular electrode movement pattern which shows a softer or more ductile result, while for a harder or brittle result, it is shown in the zigzag electrode movement welding process and secondly that the circular electrode movement in the welding process has an impact on the microstructure. in the HAZ area which is getting darker because the structure formed is dominated by pearlite, while in welding the zigzag electrode movement has an impact on the HAZ area which is getting brighter because it is dominated by the bainite structureKeywords: Circular Welding Pattern, Mechanical Strength, Medium Carbon Steel, Zigzag Welding Pattern,

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПРОЦЕССА ОБРАБОТКИ СТАТИЧЕСКИ УПЛОТНЕННЫМИ АБРАЗИВНЫМИ СРЕДАМИ ДЕТАЛЕЙ ТИПА ТЕЛ ВРАЩЕНИЯ

The study objective is to find out an analytical dependence that correlates the operating parameters and the conditions of the finishing abrasive treatment with the roughness of the working surfaces of the parts, taking into account the shape factor of the manufactured parts.
 The tasks to which the paper is devoted include theoretical and experimental studies of the effect of the treated surface roughness on the technological modes and conditions of surface treatment of complex-profile parts in the medium of statically compacted loose abrasive, as well as in the development of a methodology for determining rational modes and conditions taking into account the shape factor of the machined parts and determining the achievable range of surface roughness.
 Research methods: theoretical studies are conducted on the basis of the main provisions of mechanical engineering technology, grinding theory, theoretical mechanics, theory of elasticity and plasticity. Experimental studies are carried out according to standard methods in production and laboratory conditions using certified instrumentation. The data obtained are processed using computer technology and presented in the form of empirical dependencies, convenient for practical use.
 The novelty of the work is in finding mathematical dependencies for calculating the pressure of a statically compacted abrasive layer on the surface of the parts being machined, taking into account the shape factor.
 Conclusions: Based on the calculated theoretical dependencies and experimental studies, it is shown that the work of micro-cutting with the microrelief of abrasive grains is approximately 1.5...2 times higher than the work of micro-cutting with the tops of abrasive grains of the grinding wheel. This allows to conclude that the machining of parts with a statically compacted loose abrasive, compared with grinding with a conventional grinding wheel, is a less energy-consuming process of removing material from the surfaces of the machined parts.
 The paper presents peculiarities of finishing parts with statically compacted abrasive media. The ratio of friction work and micro-cutting of the machining is shown. The nature of the contact interaction of abrasive grains with the treated surface is considered for the first time, taking into account the shape factor, and the rational range of final roughness is defined.
 The role of cutting elements of particles affecting the quality and productivity of machining is determined.

Automated Process Control System for the Production of Advanced Foam Materials Using a Programmable Logic Controller

Obtaining foam materials with high physical and mechanical properties is one of the most important tasks, associated with the needs of the chemical industry, medicine, mechanical engineering and space technology. Known methods for producing foam materials create foam materials by foaming aqueous dispersions of high polymers, using thermal decomposition of organic and inorganic substances, by using radiation degradation of a thermoplastic polymer; by foaming polyurethane compositions by injection of condensed hydrogen under high pressure and others. All these methods, on the one hand, are uneconomical and harmful. The toxicity of thermal decomposition products and the unfavorable influence of the chemical nature of gas-forming agents worsen the properties of the resulting material. On the other hand, these processes only produce certain foams, which greatly limit their applicability to a wide range of foams. This article presents the developed automated process control system of production of advanced foam materials using a programmable logic controller, in the RAM of which a computer program is embedded, which allows the use of vibroturbulization intensive mixing with optimal parameters for the formation of electrolytic hydrogen bubbles from the hydrogen gas entering to the chamber with a thermoplastic, obtained separately in the electrolysis chamber by electrolysis of water, and uniform saturation by them of the thermoplastic at its melting temperature in automatic mode.

Analysis of Mechanical Technology in Mechanical Engineering

Analysis of Mechanical Technology in Mechanical Engineering

The field of use of additive technologies

The issues of additive technology in relation to combined methods of tool manufacturing using electromagnetic and other types of fields as an influence on the process are considered. It is shown that the use of additive technologies in mechanical engineering is most promising for flexible-structured industries, where the products are in a state of constant improvement and updating, and are produced in a limited series. In this case, it is required systematic replacement of the tool, which ensures the receipt of parts with the required configuration and quality level. 1. The paper proposes a new approach to the use of additive technologies in combined processing methods, where the concept of a traditional tool in the form of a solid body having a mirror image of the working part relative to the treated surface is expanded to non-contact and non-force contact effects, in which the removal of the allowance and the change in operational characteristics occurs due to thermal, chemical, magnetic influences or their combinations with mechanical factors. 2. The ways of solving the problem of managing operational characteristics by creating parts from conjugate layers, the properties of which are formed by optimizing technological modes, are proposed. 3. The field of effective use of the technology of sequential layer-by-layer build-up or changing the properties of layers during contact and contactless processing on serial equipment without time-consuming readjustment or modernization of technological equipment by designing a software product for modern computing equipment is disclosed. 4. The issues of additive technology in relation to combined methods of tool manufacturing using electromagnetic and other types of fields as an influence on the process are considered. It is shown that the use of additive technologies in mechanical engineering is most promising for flexible-structured industries, where the products are in a state of constant improvement and updating, and are produced in a limited series. In this case, it is required systematic replacement of the tool, which ensures the receipt of parts with the required configuration and quality level. 5. The paper proposes a new approach to the use of additive technologies in combined processing methods, where the concept of a traditional tool in the form of a solid body having a mirror image of the working part relative to the treated surface is expanded to non-contact and non-force contact effects, in which the removal of the allowance and the change in operational characteristics occurs due to thermal, chemical, magnetic influences or their combinations with mechanical factors. 6. The ways of solving the problem of managing operational characteristics by creating parts from conjugate layers, the properties of which are formed by optimizing technological modes, are proposed. 7. The field of effective use of the technology of sequential layer-by-layer build-up or changing the properties of layers during contact and contactless processing on serial equipment without time-consuming readjustment or modernization of technological equipment by designing a software product for modern computing equipment is disclosed.

TECHNLOGICAL PREREQUISITES FOR DEFORMATION AND FAULT OF THE CUT LAYER DURING THE SPEED GEAR MILLING OF HARDENED CYLINDRICAL GEARS ON THE BASIS OF THE ATOMIC APPROACH

The scientific foundations of the technological regulation for the selection and assignment of processing parameters during gear milling are based on the fundamental theoretical provisions of the friction theory, mechanical engineering technology and cutting theory. For the first time, the sliding angle was scientifically substantiated during plastic displacement (pre-deformation) of the material, when the material flows around the indenter (tool) without separation from the main mass. Determination of the minimum sliding angles during the processing of large-module gear wheels by milling, based on the physicochemical processes of friction mechanics, can significantly increase the efficiency of the tooth shaping process and the operational properties of their surfaces. An atomic approach to the processes of deformation and destruction of chips during cutting is presented. The resistance to plastic deformation of the cut layer depends on the type of crystal lattice of the processed material, its stacking fault energy, and the presence of impurities at the grain boundaries. The influence of these factors is manifested through the types of dissipative structures that are formed in the process of deformation of the cut layer and determine its localization.

Application of computer testing in the educational process in distance education

The unified national testing of graduates introduced in the Republic of Kazakhstan reveals the level of training of students. At the same time, a test form of knowledge control in the studied disciplines is used. The test form of control of students is widely used in the educational process in the training of specialists in technical specialties in ZKATU named after. Zhangir Khan. In conditions of high computerization of the educational process and with the transition to student-centered learning, there is a need for test control of knowledge at all stages of their acquisition. The organic combination in the control tests, developing and controlling functions, involves the use of the so-called “learning control”. The test form of knowledge assessment widely motivates the student for success, relieves him of the fear of the exam, reduces the psychological burden, creates a comfortable environment and objectively assesses the knowledge of the test person. Tests are of great importance, since the results of the answers can be used to judge not only the level of knowledge, but also the degree of development of the personal qualities of students, which assume that the person being tested has a certain amount of knowledge, therefore they are used as a control method when consolidating new or repeating the studied educational material. Test control also performs a diagnostic function. This function consists in the fact that the teacher not only controls the level of knowledge, skills and abilities of students, but also finds out the causes of gaps in knowledge, which helps to eliminate them. The article discusses some of the results and analysis of the results of a pedagogical experiment on the implementation of this methodology, carried out at the Higher School of Mechanical Engineering (the former Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology) at Zhangir Khan WKATU.

Research of the regularities of the processes of formation of the surface layer in electric spark alloying

Purpose. Determination of rational parameters of the process of electrospark alloying of 40X steel parts with different types of electrodes. Measurement of the applied layer thickness using the Mora Primus 564 coordinate measuring machine at the customer's plant. To give recommendations on the use of electrospark alloying processing modes in the production process when restoring parts. Research methods are based on effective methods of treatment of metal surfaces and technology of obtaining modified layers by electrospark treatment. Measurements were based on theoretical metrology in modeling instrumental errors of measuring instruments, theoretical principles of instrumentation and mechanical engineering technology. The Mora Primus 564 coordinate measuring machine was used during the measurements. Research results. Electrospark alloying is one of the most common technologies for working with metal, which is characterized by high accuracy and productivity. In addition, high adhesion strength of the applied layer with the base material is provided, and the process itself is easy to perform technological operations and has low energy consumption. The analysis of the main factors influencing the quality of the surface layer during processing is carried out. The process of electrospark alloying of a 40X steel sample was investigated experimentally. During the experiments, modern control and measuring equipment and measurement methods were used. Scientific novelty. For the first time, rational modes of electrospark alloying with vanadium, titanium and tungsten of 40X steel parts have been determined. The dependence of the thickness of the applied layer on the modes of treatment with different electrode material is established. Recommendations for alloying modes in the production process for 40X steel are given. Practical meaning. The experimental researches on electrospark alloying of the 40X steel sample carried out in the production conditions allowed to reveal the basic regularities of the formation of the surface layer and to formulate recommendations for obtaining a coating of a certain thickness. This will restore the worn surface of the part or strengthen the new one.

Application Research on Automation Technology in Mechanical and Electrical Engineering

Application Research on Automation Technology in Mechanical and Electrical Engineering

Mathematical 3D-modeling in the formation process of the overhauled surfaces in the repair industry

Purpose. Mathematical representation of the geometry of the overhauled valve seat surfaces in the shape-forming process in the auto repair industry. Methodology. The research methods were based on: the theory of cutting and metalworking scientific positions, theoretical foundations of the technology of mechanical engineering and overhaul repairs; the basics of technical operation and vehicle structure; provisions of standardization, technical measurements; means of mathematical modelling, statistics and programming. Findings. The geometric 3D-model of the processing surfaces of valve seats has been presented, which is used in the overhaul process of these parts, which is basic in the general model of the shape-forming system, which allows controlling the shaping parameters with the required precision due to the structure of the model itself and introducing the results of processing particular models: interpolation (to assess the worn surfaces state) and optimization (for determining the volume of cut material and setting cutting conditions). Originality. For the first time a particular mathematical 3D-model of the general shape-forming system has been developed, consisting of other particular mathematical models (interpolation and optimization), which gives a geometric representation of the processed valve seat surfaces within their overhaul in the auto repair industry. Practical value. The proposed mathematical 3D-model allows: - implementing the shape-forming process adequately within the simultaneous boring of three inner conical surfaces by copying with a profile cutting plate, which provides the required parameters of precision and quality of processing during the valve seats overhaul; - implementing the results of the flaw detection process of worn surfaces of valve seats with a complex-variable topography due to usage of the of roundness- and profile-diagrams and method based on an interpolation geometric 3D-model; - introducing an optimization model to determine the optimal volumes of cut material and the rational cutting modes select. The MathCAD software package has been developed, which allows having a graphical performance of the formed surface based on the interpolation model.

Investigation of the Process of Deep Drilling of Stainless Steel

Purpose of research. Experimental assessment of the effect of deep drilling modes for high-alloy steel on the components of cutting forces. Making holes in a solid material with a hole depth equal to or greater than ten hole diameters refers to deep drilling operations. For drilling, special tools are used – drills for deep drilling - ejector, cannon, gun drills. Universal or special equipment is applied, the tooling includes travelling or fixed rests, guide bushes. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to choose equipment: type of tool for deep drilling, type of setting; create a model of the forces acting on the cutting part of the tool during deep drilling; evaluate the degree of influence of processing modes on cutting forces.Methods. The research is based on the cutting theory provisions, mechanical engineering technology, experiment planning and regression analysis.Results. Based on the provisions of mechanical engineering technology, the setting up for deep drilling with a rotating workpiece and a non-rotating drill, which is imparted only by the axial feed, was developed. A cutting tool for performing a deep drilling operation is defined – a gun drill. A pattern was created for such a processing scheme and experimental cutting forces were calculated. According to the results of the calculations, it is determined that the greatest influence on the components of the cutting force in a given range of cutting modes is exerted by the axial feed rate of the tool.Conclusion. The cutting forces that occur during deep drilling reach significant values. The polynomial equations obtained as a result of the study allow us to assess the degree of influence of processing modes on cutting forces, calculate cutting forces for further calculation for the sag of the stem of a gun drill.

Особенности разработки конструкторско-технологических решений при проектировании деталей из полимеров и композитов

The basic principles of creating unified design-and-technological solutions for the design of parts made of polymer composite materials are outlined. For the convenience of describing it is proposed to divide the general algorithm of designing a unified design-and-technological solution into three independent stages. The content of each of the design stages is described and it is shown that decision-making methods at each of the design stages have much in common with the adoption of design decisions used in еру mechanical engineering technology.

Application of additive technologies in mechanical engineering for production of form-forming riggings

The article discusses the process of using additive technologies in the manufacture of formbuilding equipment. It is supposed to reduce the manufacturing time and labor costs of workers by using non-traditional technological systems in the manufacture of the form-building equipment’s model, which has qualitatively new properties and capabilities and also significantly increases the level of automation and intensification of production processes. When designing a technological process high information and computerization, a certain level of electrification and energy supply are required, therefore, the design of new technologies is based on rational technological processes, using accumulated experience, and a new system approach developed on the basis of the unity of production design technology using CAD/CAE/CAM systems. The extrusion method of three-dimensional printing using the FDM technology with the use of a new modified material of the PA12CF brand was adopted as the basis for the production of form-building equipment. This material is a polyamide-12 composite plastic reinforced with carbon fibers. The use of additive technologies using modern computer modeling based on the unity of technological systems is an urgent task. These technological systems will significantly increase productivity, reduce the production area occupied by equipment, reduce the duration of the production cycle, reduce the number of workers employed in production, and make it possible to switch to technologies that do not require paper-based design documentation. At the same time, additive technologies are open to their further development and have great potential to evolve and be modified in accordance with the changing external conditions on the labor market.

A Model for incorporating information literacy and collaboration in a project-based learning pedagogical exercise with application to a fluid mechanics course

This paper describes the implementation and the results of an online project-based learning (PBL) pedagogy in an advanced fluid mechanics course in a mechanical engineering technology program. This work is a close collaboration between engineering and education faculty and the engineering librarian, and aligns with the new research areas identified by the National Engineering Education Research Colloquies and the ABET Criteria for Accrediting Engineering Technology Programs Criterion 3 (student outcomes, SLO 1 to 5) and Criterion 5 (curriculum, discipline specific content C, D and E). Students were required to work in teams to design and dimension a heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) duct system, a real-world expression of engineering thinking. Students applied information literacy skills to identify relevant engineering codes and standards, such as ASHRAE, and used previously learned content knowledge from various courses to finalize the project. The PBL exercise was chosen as a culminating experience and in support of engineering competencies development. The results showed improvements in the flow of air in ducts content knowledge, professional communication skills, and the ability to collaborate as part of a team, including improving one's ability to work with other students on assignments, listening to the ideas of others, learning from the ideas of others, and evaluating the ideas of others. The students unanimously agreed that the project improved their heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) knowledge beyond the classroom as well as their information seeking skills. Based on the students end of semester course evaluation, this PBL exercise improved their readiness for the workforce.

Технология химического никелирования поверхностей изделий

When studying how a coating influences the wear resistance of details made of aluminum alloys in production conditions, we conducted a multifactorial experiment. The research has been carried out on the application of nickel-phosphorus coating on the surface of parts made of aluminum alloys, as well as the prefinishing treatment under coating. The parameters influencing the rate of nickel-phosphorus alloy deposition and modes of part surface treatment under coating are selected. Experiment planning was carried out, which made it possible to develop optimal modes of deposition and coating composition for obtaining high quality parameters of its surface: roughness and wear-resistance. It has been established that increasing the concentration of hypophosphite (sodium salt of alkaline metal and hypophosphorous acid) increases the coating formation rate. Experimental studies on wear resistance of nickel-phosphorus coated and uncoated samples have been conducted. The study shows that nickel-phosphorus coated samples provide higher wear resistance under friction conditions in comparison with uncoated samples, and assumes that the uniformity of heterogeneous coating consisting of nickel and phosphorus is due to the uniform fine crystalline structure consisting of regular shape particles (faceted or rounded). The basic principles of chemical coating technology and mechanical engineering technology are used

Overview of IV International Conference on Advanced Technologies in Aerospace, Mechanical and Automation Engineering – MIST Aerospace-IV-2021

The overview describes the main directions and results of the IV International Conference on Advanced Technologies in Aerospace, Mechanical and Automation Engineering (MIST Aerospace-IV-2021) held in Krasnoyarsk on 10-11 December 2021. It gives the details about the participants and the proceedings. The purpose of the Conference is to share the experience of leading experts in the application of advanced science-intensive and information technologies in the aerospace industry, mechanical engineering and automation of technological processes and production.

Peer review declaration

IV International Conference on Advanced Technologies in Aerospace, Mechanical and Automation Engineering (MIST Aerospace-IV-2021), 10-11 December 2021, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.• Type of peer review: Double-blind All papers came through the basic review which included an initial technical criteria check (paper field, structure of submission, adherence to the submission instructions, English language usage and a check for the similarity rate). Any papers out of the scope or containing plagiarism, including self-plagiarism, were rejected.We used a double-blind system for peer review; both reviewers’ and authors’ identities remained anonymous. The submitted papers were reviewed by at least two experts: one editorial staff member as well as at least one external reviewer. The third/fourth reviewer is involved in case two reviewers have disputes about the content of the papers or the authors do not agree with the review result. The review process took from 7 to 15 days as a rule. The reviews were conducted to the professional and scientific standards.The decision to accept or reject the paper was based on the suggestions of reviewers. Acceptance/rejecting notifications were sent to the corresponding author(s).• Conference submission management system:Conference submission is carried out through the conference management system which was developed by the Organizer. It easy to use, and has features to make it suitable for simultaneous conference calls.More than 20,500 registration forms have been already processed by the system which showed it stability and flexibility.The conference management system is integrated with the conference website of the Organizer which helps the Organizer to cope with the complexity of the submission, reviewing, refereeing and accepting processes. The current version supports:1. management of the access of reviewers and editors to papers;2. automatic registration for conferences and paper submission;3. list of the current, forthcoming and held conferences with all necessary information;4. list of all conference materials with online presentations and/or video reports of participants, list of published proceedings with direct links to publications and journals;5. sending emails to programme committee members, reviewers and authors;6. preparation and publishing of conference programmes;7. all authors submitting the papers are assumed to accept the terms of Publication Licence;8. all requirements for papers, templates and sample papers are accessible for the authors.• Number of submissions received: 29• Number of submissions sent for review: 29• Number of submissions accepted: 12• Acceptance Rate (Number of Submissions Accepted / Number of Submissions Received X 100): 41• Average number of reviews per paper: 2• Total number of reviewers involved: 12• Any additional info on review process:The Checklist for the reviewers included the following criteria: relevance to the scope of the conference topics, the scientific quality, assessing the errors, organisation of the paper, the title, the references, the level of the English language, the quality of the figures and tables, etc.The reviewers could give the following recommendation: to publish the paper as it is, to publish it after mandatory/optional minor/major revision, to reject the paper.• Contact person for queries:Anna Voroshilova, Krasnoyarsk Science and Technology City Hall, 61, Uritskogo Street, Krasnoyarsk, 660049, Russia, E-mail: krasnio@bk.ru. Tel + 7 913 538 6990

Preface

Due to recent pandemic, the 2021 International Conference on Smart Transportation, Energy and Power (STEP 2021) which was planned to be held in Sanya, China, was held virtually online during December 03-05, 2021. The decision to hold the virtual conference was made in compliance with many restrictions and regulations that were imposed by countries around the globe. Such restrictions were made to minimize the risk of people contracting or spreading the COVID-19 through physical contact. There were 110 individuals who attended this online conference, represented many countries including Singapore, Australia, United States, Germany, and China.The conference aimed to provide a platform for experts and scholars, engineers and technicians, R&D personnel engaged in intelligent transportation, environmental engineering, mechanical engineering, measurement and control technology and instrumentation science to share scientific research results and cutting-edge technologies, to understand academic development trends, to broaden research ideas, to strengthen academic research and discussion, and to promote cooperation in industrialization of academic achievements. We have invited experts, scholars, business people and other related personnel from domestic and foreign universities and research institutions to participate in the conference.List of Committee are available in the pdf.

Development and Application of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Technology

Development and Application of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Technology