Meat Self-sufficiency Research Articles

Feed Management of Beef Cattle Smallholder Farmer in the Conservation Area of Madura Beef Cattle

Abstract Indonesia has consistently failed to achieve its meat self-sufficiency target in 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2014. Precisely during this period, the volume and value of feeder cattle and meat imports increased. One of the causes of failure to achieve the self-sufficiency target is still not achieving economic efficiency. The central and local governments have made efforts to implement the national cattle development roadmap. However, smallholder farmers, who account for 95% of the total farmers in Indonesia, are still subsistence. On the other hand, the beef cattle business cost is very high compared to the average daily gain achieved. The study’s objectives are: 1) to characterize the type of Madura beef cattle in terms of feed patterns, 2) to analyze the portion of feed budget, 3) to analyze the factors influencing the variation of food intake. The analytical method uses: 1) descriptive analysis, 2) explorative analysis and 3. regression analysis. The research results show five types of Madura Beef cattle: Sonok, Taccek, Breeder, Fattening, and cow. Body size and supplementation have a significant effect on the food intake.

Reducing livestock quantities to avoid manure nitrogen surplus: would meat self-sufficiency be met in eastern regions of China?

In building a sustainable food system, the management of livestock production should avoid nitrogen (N) surplus and ensure animal-sourced food self-sufficiency. Reducing livestock quantities in regions producing excess of animal-sourced food and livestock manure is an effective approach for mitigating manure N surplus. In this study, we considered the eastern regions of China as a case study to quantitatively analyze whether meat self-sufficiency could be met when reducing the livestock quantity to avoid manure N surplus. In addition to considering the baseline scenario, considering the current livestock quantity (scenario C), we defined three strategies corresponding to livestock reduction scenarios: taking meat self-sufficiency as a priority regardless of the manure balance (scenario TB); taking manure N surplus avoidance as a priority regardless of the meat balance (scenario MNB); and considering the most limiting conditions between satisfying meat self-sufficiency and avoiding manure N surplus (scenario LF). A balance index was used to describe the excess (i.e., positive value) or deficiency (i.e., negative value) of meat and manure N. Concerning the whole of eastern China, in scenario LF, the meat balance index (TBI) and manure N balance index (MNBI) were 0.25 and −0.39, respectively, which could satisfy meat demand while avoid manure N surplus (for scenarios C, TB, and MNB, the TBIs were 1.95, 0, and 1.09, and the MNBIs were 0.56, −0.48, and 0, respectively). At the regional level, the regions with meat self-sufficiency accounted for more than 70% in the LF scenario, and manure N surplus could be avoided in all regions. However, southwestern China should adopt further measures, such as trading among adjacent regions and increasing manure fertilizer application, to satisfy the meat demand while avoiding surplus manure N.

Развитие мясного подкомплекса АПК Донецкой Народной Республики путем создания агропромышленного кластера

The article deals with the problems of the development of agro-industrial enterprises engaged in animal husbandry and processing of meat products, as a consequence of low competitiveness, as well as difficult logistics chains. The prerequisites for the creation of a meat and sausage cluster on the territory of the Donetsk People’s Republic have been identified, which will contribute to the development of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic and, in general, improve the standard of living in the Russian Federation. The analysis of the meat products market is carried out, namely: the main producers, the level of self-sufficiency in meat and sausage products are considered, as well as the dynamics of prices for meat processing products and raw materials are investigated. It was revealed that due to the lack of a rational production and trade network between agricultural enterprises in 2023, there was an increase in prices for meat and sausage products. A number of meat production enterprises, as well as producers engaged in meat processing and sausage production, have been identified in order to unite large and small agribusiness of the Donetsk People’s Republic into a single production chain, which is a cluster. The geographical structure of the creation of a meat agro cluster, which includes the leading cities and districts representing agriculture, is presented. The result of the study is the development of a mechanism for creating a cluster in the meat subcomplex of the agro-industrial complex of the Donetsk People’s Republic, in which one of the key elements is a breeding and genetic center and a wholesale distribution center.

СОСТОЯНИЕ, ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА МЯСА В РОССИИ

The meat and meat products’ main value lies in protein abundance, that is the main building material for human body. The meat main types’ production in the world in 2015-2023 is considered. The Russian meat production’s analysis in 2015-2023 is given. The main types of meat of all categories total production in slaughter weight in Russian farms in 2023 is as follows: poultry meat - 50,2%, pork - 42,9%, cattle meat - 6,7%, the other types of meat - 0,2%. Pork meat the greatest growth dynamics in recent years has shown. The data on Russian federal districts for meat production in 2023 are presented, the largest meat producers’ rating has been compiled. The meat production leaders among the regions were noted. The level of selfsufficiency with the main types of meat in Russia is given. Analyzing the Russian main types of meat selfsufficiency’s level, it can be noted that it over the period from 2015 till 2023 has constantly increased; in 2023 it reached 101,6%, that is in 14,3% higher than in 2015. With the Russian domestic meat production’s growth, its consumption is also growing: in 2023, it in 2,3% relative to the level of 2022 had increased and reached a record high of 80,8 kg per person per year. The Russian meat production’s prediction in near future is given. One of the meat industry’s priorities in the near future - consumers’ products availability maintaining. To do this, we need to continue to technological development engaging - all business processes’ digital transformation. Logistics, that the industry sustainability determining and production cost affecting, an important factor has remained. Also the genetics and cattle breeding directly related to import substitution development, can be highlighted among the priorities.

Institutional Farmer/Livestock Group in the Cattle Corporation Village Program in Gowa District, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia

The cattle village corporation program is a program as an effort to increase the population and productivity of cattle in the context of meat self-sufficiency to achieve national food security. This research aims to determine the institutionalization of farmer/livestock groups in the cattle village corporation program in Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi Province. The study was conducted in January 2023 in Bontonompo District, Gowa Regency. Data comes from primary data and secondary data. The results of the research show that there are 5 groups of farmer/livestock groups in the cattle village corporation program, while the beef cattle marketing channels of the cattle village corporation program consist of 3 (three) marketing channels.

Prevalence of Amphistomes and Fasciola in large ruminants reared by smallholders in Lampung and Banten Provinces, Indonesia.

Parasitic diseases, including trematode invasions, result in losses to livestock in Indonesia, hindering the government's efforts to achieve meat self-sufficiency. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of Amphistomes and Fasciola in large ruminants reared by smallholder farmers. Fecal samples from 199 buffalo and cattle were collected from the districts of East Lampung (Lampung Province) and Lebak (Banten Province). Fecal samples were examined for the presence of trematode eggs using a sedimentation technique. Parasite invasion rate was 48.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 41.3%-55.2%). Rate of invasion was 63.3% (95% CI: 52.7%-73.9%) in Lampung and 38.3% (95% CI: 29.6%-47.0%) in Lebak-Banten. The prevalence of multiple invasions of both Amphistomes and Fasciola was 20% in buffalo and local cattle, whereas invasion rate was 12.8% in crossbred cattle. Invasion rate of Amphistomes alone was 27.1%, and that of Fasciola was 4.5%. A higher invasion rate of Amphistomes (29.8%) occurred in crossbred animals. There were no significant differences between age groups for trematode invasion. The Chi-square test showed that the prevalence of trematode invasion in females was significantly higher than in males (51.5% and 30.0%, respectively). Amphistomes more commonly infected females than males (29.0% and 16.7%, respectively). All breeds were vulnerable to invasion by both trematode species and single invasions with different invasion rates. These findings contribute to determining the magnitude of the disease and provide a basis for studies on prevention and treatment of trematode invasion.

Pengaruh Faktor Bangsa, Berat Badan, Harga Dan Jenis Kelamin Sapi Potong Terhadap Bobot Karkas

The demand for beef for consumption by the Indonesian people, which is increasing every year, is met through the production of local meat and imported meat. The government's efforts through the meat self-sufficiency program encourage the private sector to increase the beef cattle population by bringing in imported cattle. The physical condition of a larger cow will produce a lot of meat. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors of race, weight, price and sex of cattle correlated with carcass weight. The research method used is descriptive verification method with a quantitative approach. Variables calculated include nation, body weight, price, sex and carcass weight of cattle. To determine the relationship between the variables, the analysis used was parametric and non-parametric analysis. The results of the study based on the ANOVA test showed that the breed of cattle to the average carcass weight was significantly different (P <0.05), so it needed to be tested further using Tamhane. The results showed that heifer and bull cattle were not significantly different from carcass weight. Gender was not significantly different from carcass weight (P<0.05), cattle prices were significantly different from carcass weight (P>0.05) and cattle body weight was not significantly different. significantly to carcass weight (P<0.05).Â

Обеспечение продовольствием населения северных территорий России

In recent years, negative processes have been developing in the overwhelming majority of the northern regions of Russia: the population is declining (with the threat of depopulation of rural areas). Acreage is also decreasing; livestock of cattle and reindeer is decreasing. And as a result, the level of self-sufficiency in meat and dairy products, especially necessary for residents of these territories, is decreasing. The full-fledged food supply of the population is limited by its low incomes, significant property stratification, as well as low availability of arable land and low transport accessibility of territories. The share of the northern regions in the Far Eastern regions accounts for more than 70% of the district’s territory, despite the fact that no more than one third of its population lives there. Regions differ significantly in natural and climatic, economic and geographical, demographic conditions, resource potential, which causes significant differences in the level of food production and consumption. There is extremely low self-sufficiency in all types of food, which reduces the level of its availability. The population of all these regions consumes dairy products, vegetables and melons below the rational norm, and residents of Chukotka also experience a significant shortage of meat products, eggs, potatoes and bread. This requires taking appropriate measures to comprehensively address the food problem in the northern territories.

IMPLEMENTATION OF ESSENTIAL BIOSTIMULATOR TECHNOLOGY IN SUPPLEMENTARY FEED AS A MIXTURE OF REINFORCING FEED ON HAEMATOLOGICAL AND NUTRIENT PROFILES OF BEEF CATTLE SERUM (CASE STUDY OF BEEF CATTLE FATTENING ON PEOPLE'S LIVESTOCK)

The national meat self-sufficiency program in Indonesia aims to increase the cattle population to meet the country's meat consumption. Beer dregs are a potential alternative feed supplement, as they contain high crude protein and soluble carbohydrates that can affect the rumen microbial population. In addition, essential oil biostimulators derived from citronella are added to the feed as a mixture of reinforcing feed to support cattle health and productivity. This study investigates the effect of essential biostimulators in supplementary feed as a mixture of reinforcing feed on the haematological and nutrient profiles of beef cattle serum, using the case study of beef cattle fattening in People's Livestock. Results showed that the addition of citronella essential oil improved nutrient digestibility and rumen health, and the combination of beer dregs and essential biostimulators positively impacted the haematological and nutrient profiles of beef cattle serum.

Analysis of Strategy for Developing Beef Cattle Production on a Smallholder Farming Basis in Musi Banyuasin Regency South Sumatra

The increased beef cattle production at traditional farms is a strategy to achieve meat self-sufficiency in 2026. This is accomplished through various parties, including the government, academics, researchers, the private sector, and farmers as the main actors. Therefore, this study aimed to determine and analyze criteria, performance criteria, strategies, and alternatives for sustainable beef cattle production in traditional farms based on the opinion of experts. The research location was School for Smallholder Community (SPR) Maju Bersama, Sungai Lilin Sub-District, Musi Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra Province, Indonesia. Primary data were collected through FGD (focus group discussion) and interview with expert stakeholders, including farmers, policymakers, entrepreneurs, academics, and research analyst. They were analyzed using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) with R studio version 4.1.2. The result showed that Musi Banyuasin Regency has a natural resource potential for supporting beef cattle production with an institutional collaborative strategy. The interaction between the production factors showed that the feeding criteria were at the highest level, with 32.05%. Considering the performance criteria, business sustainability was essential at 35.70% and should be achieved by adopting a corporate strategy of 85.52%, implemented through alternative business management at 61.40%.

Occurrence and biodiversity of Eimeria spp. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) in Madura cattle reared on Kamal Subdistrict, Madura Island, Indonesia.

Background and Aim:In Indonesia, Madura cattle are native breeds that are expected to contribute to the improvement of regional meat self-sufficiency. Eimeria spp. are protozoans that are commonly found in ruminants. This study aimed to identify the occurrence and diversity of Eimeria spp. in Madura cattle.Materials and Methods:In this study, fresh fecal samples were collected from 100 cattle in Kamal Subdistrict, Bangkalan District, Madura Island, Indonesia. Morphological detection was performed using a light microscope, and molecular identification was performed using a polymerase chain reaction. DNA amplification was conducted using various species-specific primers for Eimeria bovis, Eimeria zuernii, Eimeria auburnensis, Eimeria alabamensis, Eimeria ellipsoidalis, and Eimeria cylindrica.Results:The results obtained 21% (21/100) of Eimeria spp. based on morphological detection. A total of 15 positive samples with 500–25,000/mL oocysts were selected for DNA extraction and amplification, resulting in 12 positive samples. Four Eimeria spp. were obtained based on molecular identification: E. bovis, E. zuernii, E. auburnensis, and E. cylindrica.Conclusion:Four species of Eimeria namely E. bovis, E. zuernii, E. auburnensis, and E. cylindrica were identified from fecal sample of Madura cattle using PCR method in this study. Further comprehensive studies are required to investigate the pathogenicity of Eimeria spp. in Madura cattle. Therefore, improved and integrated management practices should be strengthened by local governments to prevent pathogenic diseases and increase national livestock productivity in Indonesia.

Coproparasitological examinations and molecular determination of Eimeria species in Madura cattle reared on Madura Island, Indonesia.

Madura cattle, which are native to Indonesia and mainly kept on Madura Island, East Java, are expected to contribute to improving the regional meat self-sufficiency. Eimeria spp. are the most pathogenic protozoans among gastrointestinal parasites in livestock but no molecular surveys of Eimeria spp. in Madura cattle have been conducted to date. In this study, a total of 183 fecal samples were collected from Madura cattle and 60 (32.8%) were positive for parasites of protozoans and nematodes by the sugar floatation method. Among the samples with parasites, Eimeria spp. oocysts were detected in 50 samples (27.3%) with an average OPG value of 1686.1. Eimeria spp. were successfully identified to the species level in 26 samples with Eimeria bovis being the most prevalent, followed by E. zuernii and E. aubrunensis. A total of 21 samples showed mixed infection of more than two species of Eimeria. E. bovis and E. zuernii have been recognized as having high virulency and, thus, these parasites are potential sources of severe coccidiosis and the cause of infections in other cattle. Although additional studies are warranted, these results can be helpful for improving the management and productivity of Madura cattle.

Самообеспеченность основными видами продовольствия во Владимирской области

The article substantiates the choice of such an indicator as self-sufficiency in basic types of food as a criterion for assessing food security at the municipal level. The methodology proposed by the authors for calculating indicators of self-sufficiency in basic types of food at the municipal level is described in detail in earlier publications. The results of the analysis of the data obtained on self-sufficiency in such types of products as potatoes, vegetables, meat, milk, fruits and berries in the municipal districts of the Vladimir region in dynamics in the period 2010-2021 are presented. The leaders in self-sufficiency of the main types of food in 2021 were Sobinsky and Yuriev-Polsky municipal districts located in the zone of the most fertile gray forest soils. Indicators of self-sufficiency in meat are below the norm, with the exception of Sobinsky and Yuriev-Polsky districts. The situation for milk is somewhat better, self-sufficiency indicators are normal and higher in six municipalities: Kovrovsky, Petushinsky, Selivanovsky, Sobinsky, Sudogodsky and Yuriev-Polsky; positive dynamics was observed in the period 2010-2021. For vegetables in all municipalities of the Vladimir region in the period 2010-2021, negative dynamics was observed, and as of 2021, low indicators of self-sufficiency were noted, with the exception of Vyaznikovsky and Yuriev-Polsky districts. An assessment of the relationship between self-sufficiency of the main types of products and the level of land degradation in the municipalities of the Vladimir region is given.

Inter-market Variability of Smallholder Beef Cattle Farming in East Java Indonesia

Indonesia has failed to achieve meat self-sufficiency; meanwhile, East Java is among the centers of beef cattle with a relatively high contribution in terms of GDP and employment. Therefore, this study aims to identify and analyze the market structure of the beef cattle commodity chain by considering the concentration ratio, Gini Index, as well as barriers to exit and entry. The study was conducted in Malang Regency and Sapudi Island, with 164 respondents, which consisted of calf suppliers, farmers, traders, and slaughterhouses. Furthermore, the analytical tools used include descriptive, concentration ratio, Gini Coefficient, and analysis of barriers to entry and exit. Based on the results, the market structures in the beef cattle commodity chain in terms of its input market was perfect competition, while the intermediate and output market was oligopoly. These results were confirmed by the concentration ratios of calf suppliers and farmers, which were lower than the ratios of traders and slaughterhouses. Although the market structures were different, their Gini Coefficients are almost similar because a value of 0.2 showed an equitable distribution. Additionally, the barriers to entry into the market were high investment with a large number of import and market problems. Meanwhile, the barriers to exit the market were a large number of potential demands, high investment, and a source of income.

Satisfying meat demand while avoiding excess manure: Studying the trade-off in eastern regions of China with a nitrogen approach

Due to the rising incomes and rapid urbanization, China is facing a challenge in producing more meat while avoiding excess manure. These objectives might be in contrast: if excess manure is avoided, meat self-sufficiency might not be met; in contrast, meeting meat self-sufficiency might cause severe excess manure. Our study (1) characterizes the eastern regions of China according to the deficiency/excess of manure nitrogen and meat production, and investigates their relationships with natural resources and social economic indicators; (2) analyzes how the trade-off changes with increasing proportion of chemical nitrogen substituted with manure nitrogen (PCSM). Elaborating on data, we divided eastern regions of China into types according to satisfaction/unsatisfaction of meat demand and deficiency/excess of manure. We then re-calculated the number of regions in each type simulating the effect of increasing values of PCSM. In ~15% of the regions, meat self-sufficiency was met without manure excess, but in ~76% of the regions, manure excess occurred where meat self-sufficiency was met. In ~2% of the regions, meat self-sufficiency was not met and manure excess was absent; in ~7% of the regions, meat self-sufficiency was not met and excess manure was observed. The higher the regions' GDP (gross domestic product) per capita, the lower their ability to satisfy meat demand; the more arable land per capita in the regions, the higher their ability to satisfy meat demand and avoid excess manure. For the scenarios of increasing PCSM, our results show that some regions still cannot avoid excess manure with unchanged livestock quantity, although manure fertilizer completely replaced chemical fertilizer. Our study suggests that the regions of eastern China need to advocate a healthy diet and strengthen the management of food waste and livestock manures. The study is significant for policymakers to achieve sustainable agricultural production.

PEMODELAN SPASIAL EPIDEMIOLOGI FASCIOLIASIS BERDASARKAN ANALISIS FAKTOR RISIKO SEBAGAI STRATEGI PENGELOLAAN TERNAK DI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA

The government’s efforts of the Special Region of Yogyakarta (Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta/DIY) government for self-sufficiency in meat certainly have obstacles, one of which is the productivity of livestock development which is hampered by parasitic diseases such as Fascioliasis. Fascioliasis is a disease caused by F. hepatica or F. gigantica. To find out the relationship between risk factors for Fascioliasis disease in a spatial region, it can use spatial modeling by integrating remote sensing technology and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Spatial modeling can be used to determine the correlation between risk factors and can also be integrated with secondary data to obtain more comprehensive information. The method used in this study is a combination of various quantitative methods consisting of data processing based on remote sensing and GIS for risk factor analysis. Besides, some variables are not obtained quantitatively, namely livestock management variables obtained by structured interviews with livestock owners and veterinary experts. In general, DIY has a moderate risk level for Fascioliasis parasites. Although there are common levels of risk, the conditions of vulnerability and vulnerability of the constituents may differ, which implies different livestock management strategies.

The feasibility of potential cooperative-based partnership broiler agribusiness for sustainable chicken meat self-sufficiency in North Maluku

Broiler meat is a crucial protein source in North Maluku. However, it is imported by 80% from other regions. This study was aimed to analyze the feasibility of potential cooperative-based partnership broiler agribusiness in North Maluku. This study was carried out from July to August 2020. Primer and secondary data were utilized in this study. The survey was employed to collect the primer data. The respondents were poultry shop owners, broiler farmers, chicken meat sellers, and broiler meat importers. Data were analyzed using financial analyses (net revenue, revenue cost ratio/RC ratio, and payback period). The study showed that the number of 55.000 broilers per month must be raised to attain chicken meat self-sufficiency in North Maluku. The capacity of 1 farmer as plasma was 1,500 broilers per month due to lacking good farming practice. Financial analyses showed that the farmer would have net revenue 5,782,667.00 IDR a month for 1,500 population, RC ratio 1.13, and payback period 0.82 years. Cooperative would have net revenue 133,470,756 IDR per month per 55,000 broilers, RC ratio 2.62, and payback periods 4.22 years. The study concludes that cooperative-based partnership broiler agribusiness is feasible to be developed due to it has affect positively the economy sector in North Maluku.

Potential of food crop waste as one of beef cattle feed sources to support meat self-sufficiency in Gorontalo District during the new normal period

This study aims to determine the potential of food crop waste as one of beef cattle feed sources to support meat self-sufficiency in the Gorontalo District during the new normal period. This research is a descriptive study using primary and secondary data. The data obtained is then calculated for the analysis of livestock performance to see the growth rate of beef production and the analysis of the concentration index for agricultural waste feed production in the Gorontalo District. The results obtained indicate that the growth rate of beef production in the Gorontalo District is In (y) = 13.50 + 0.12 t so that the growth rate increases by 12%. Furthermore, the FPCI value in the Gorontalo District is still in the low category in 12 Sub-Districts, the medium category in 4 Sub-Districts, and the high category in 3 Sub-Districts. This shows that the availability of beef cattle feed is not fully fulfilled if it only relies on existing food crop waste even though there is a growth in meat production in the Gorontalo Distric.

The Influence of Socio Economics Characteristics and Meat Self-Sufficiency Policy on Beef Cattle Farmer’s Income in Indonesia

This study aimed to determine the influence of the implementation of the meat self-sufficiency policy on the cattle farmers’ income in Indonesia. This study used secondary data of Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) that were collected in 2014. The IFLS are household data taken by survey at national level. This study used IFLS 5 data. The observed variables in this study included characteristics of farmer's household such as age, area of land cultivated, number of family members, education level, patterns integration of livestock farming and government assistance. Household income is derived from reduced revenue from agricultural sector and it cost as the dependent variable. The results of the study showed that mixed farming or livestock farming integration influenced farmer household income significantly (P<0.01). The cultivated land size affected the household income of farmers (P<0.01). The level of education, number of family members, type of assistance and age did not affect the income of household farmers. The Respondents were divided in two group, group that were exposed and those that were not to the meat self-sufficiency program. The results of study showed that government policy in meat self-sufficiency did not have a significant impact on the household income of farmers. The development of livestock in order to achieve self-sufficiency in meat needs to be

Agricultural policy and import substitution opportunities in the Russian Far East

The article considers the priorities of the agrarian policy of Russia in the historical period of the late XX - early XXI centuries, shows negative trends in food security in the context of sanctions. The indicators of food independence for the main types of agricultural products are calculated. It is concluded that the program for import substitution of livestock products in the Far East of Russia is being solved inefficiently; the region’s self-sufficiency in meat and dairy projection is low, critically dependent on external supplies. The principles of state policy on the development of the agricultural sector in Russia in the regions of the Far East are formulated.