QoS Measures Research Articles

Analisis Quality of Service (QoS) Menggunakan Standar Parameter Tiphon pada Jaringan Internet Berbasis Wi-Fi Kampus 1 Unjaya

Internet is a very important need in the life of people in the world. Universities can exchange information and share data and communicate with the internet network. General Achmad Yani University Yogyakarta (Unjaya) uses the internet network for activities that occur on campus. QoS testing or internet network performance aims to maintain the stability of network access on the Unjaya campus and reduce the risk of problems such as delays in data transmission. In addition, this research also aims to determine the results of signal quality measurements in the Unjaya real-time area. In this research, QoS measurement is done by using wireshark application. The QoS parameters measured are throughput, delay, jitter, and packet loss. Based on the measurements taken, the results obtained for QOS measurements show that WiFi network performance based on throughput, delay, jitter, and packet loss parameters is in the good category. The final result obtained after measuring QoS is that the Internet network at Campus 1 Unjaya is in the medium category based on TIPHON standardization with an index value of 3.

Survival Analysis as a Basis for Testing Hypotheses when Using Quantitative Ordinal Scale Disease Severity Data.

Disease severity in plant pathology is often measured by the amount of a plant or plant part that exhibits disease symptoms. This is typically assessed using a numerical scale, which allows a standardized, convenient, and quick method of rating. These scales, known as quantitative ordinal scales (QOS), divide the percentage scale into a predetermined number of intervals. There are various ways to analyze these ordinal data, with traditional methods involving the use of midpoint conversion to represent the interval. However, this may not be precise enough, as it is only an estimate of the true value. In this case, the data may be considered interval-censored, meaning that we have some knowledge of the value but not an exact measurement. This type of uncertainty is known as censoring, and techniques that address censoring, such as survival analysis (SA), use all available information and account for this uncertainty. To investigate the pros and cons of using SA with QOS measurements, we conducted a simulation based on three pathosystems. The results showed that SA almost always outperformed midpoint conversion with data analyzed using a t test, particularly when data were not normally distributed. Midpoint conversion is currently a standard procedure. In certain cases, the midpoint approach required a 400% increase in sample size to achieve the same power as the SA method. However, as the mean severity increases, fewer additional samples are needed (approximately an additional 100%), regardless of the assessment method used. Based on these findings, we conclude that SA is a valuable method for enhancing the power of hypothesis testing when analyzing QOS severity data. Future research should investigate the wider use of survival analysis techniques in plant pathology and their potential applications in the discipline.

Optimizing QoS Metrics for Software-Defined Networking in Federated Learning

In the modern and complex realm of networking, the pursuit of ideal QoS metrics is a fundamental objective aimed at maximizing network efficiency and user experiences. Nonetheless, the accomplishment of this task is hindered by the diversity of networks, the unpredictability of network conditions, and the rapid growth of multimedia traffic. This manuscript presents an innovative method for enhancing the QoS in SDN by combining the load-balancing capabilities of FL and genetic algorithms. The proposed solution aims to improve the dispersed aggregation of multimedia traffic by prioritizing data privacy and ensuring secure network load distribution. By using federated learning, multiple clients can collectively participate in the training process of a global model without compromising the privacy of their sensitive information. This method safeguards user privacy while facilitating the aggregation of distributed multimedia traffic. In addition, genetic algorithms are used to optimize network load balancing, thereby ensuring the efficient use of network resources and mitigating the risk of individual node overload. As a result of extensive testing, this research has demonstrated significant improvements in QoS measurements compared to traditional methods. Our proposed technique outperforms existing techniques such as RR, weighted RR, server load, LBBSRT, and dynamic server approaches in terms of CPU and memory utilization, as well as server requests across three testing servers. This novel methodology has applications in multiple industries, including telecommunications, multimedia streaming, and cloud computing. The proposed method presents an innovative strategy for addressing the optimization of QoS metrics in SDN environments, while preserving data privacy and optimizing network resource usage.

Toward Effective Personalized Service QoS Prediction From the Perspective of Multi-Task Learning

End-to-end QoS measurement plays an indispensable role in the decision-making of cloud services and IoT services. Many efforts have paid on developing QoS prediction approaches in the past decade leveraging the principle of collaborative filtering. But there remain many challenging issues concerning multi-task prediction requirements, feature selection for heterogeneous prediction tasks, and model training. To this end, we propose an effective personalized service QoS prediction method from the perspective of multi-task learning, named PMT. PMT consists of specially-designed feature selection components and a multi-step model training strategy. The feature selection method leverages the principle of multi-expert decision-making and self-attention mechanism. The multi-step model training enables a weight-free configuration for parallel prediction tasks. Experimental results on a large dataset with two tasks and a small dataset with three tasks demonstrate that PMT is superior to the state-of-the-art QoS prediction methods.

Quality of Service Analysis in Hand Gesture Identification Application Based on Convex Hull Algorithm to Control a Learning Media

The technique of human interaction with computers has developed very rapidly. Body movement is the easiest and most expressive way and hand movements are flexible. We can use gestures as a simple identification command. This research discusses the application of hand gesture reading as a remote control for learning media and analyzes its quality of service using Wireshark software. This system uses a Raspberry Pi as a computing center. Raspberry Pi reads hand gestures using the Convex Hull algorithm, which can read the number of fingers raised on the hand by taking the outermost point in the contour scan of the hand. Each gesture in the form of the number of fingers was allocated to the keyboard commands used to select answers on the learning media. On the learning media side, a quiz system was created that uses keyboard commands to select the answers. Then the Raspberry Pi is connected to the laptop using a third-party application called VNC. Based on QoS measurement results, the throughput result is 62 kbps, which is included in the very good category. Packet Loss of 0%, which is also included in the very good category. The delay of 52.2 ms, which is included in the very good category. Thus, the overall quality of the network can be categorized as very good.

DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES FOR FAULT TOLERANCE IN CLOUD COMPUTING

Cloud computing is a strong framework that helps individuals and organizations to acquire the care they deserve. Several more services are provided by the framework, including storage, deployment systems, and easy access to web services. Load balancing is a frequent problem in the cloud that makes it difficult to guarantee the reliability of apps adjacent to the QoS measurement and adhering to the SLA document as required from cloud services to companies. Cloud providers struggle to evenly distribute workload among servers. An effective LB method should optimize and achieve optimum user satisfaction by making better use of VM resources. Green loud computing has been shown to be an effective method for lowering energy use for data storage on clouds. An ant colony optimization ACO method is used to effectively construct cloud services. In this job, overburdened VM jobs and moved to another virtual machine for successful performance using the ACO method. The study findings demonstrated unequivocally that ACO based task scheduling in the cloud outperforms traditional methods by a time and cost saving of 18% to 20%.

Implementation of Link Failover on Metronet Network PT. Telkom Indonesia (Persero) Based on Ipv4 and OSPF

Metro ethernet is a data communication network owned by PT. Telkom Indonesia (Persero) through distribution channels, one of which is Open Shortest Path First (OSPF). As technology develops, IPv4 is used as the core addressing protocol for every communicating network device and has the responsibility of finding the route taken by packets to reach their destination. The problem that occurs in the data communication network is the absence of stable connectivity when there are links between cities experiencing downtime, resulting in several link congestion on the data packet path. To overcome the above problems, this study analyzed IPv4-based metro ethernet networks through the OSPF routing protocol using Graphical Network Simulator-3 (GNS-3). This study implements a failover system as a backup link in the event of a Jakarta-Bogor downlink. Based on the simulation and test results, the failover link shows a success status and functions to minimize network connection breakdowns. This is because the use of OSPF routing isOSPF routing canen the main link is down, so the path will be diverted via the backup link. QoS measurements using a single link obtained an average throughput of 195 Kbps, while dual links obtained an average throughput of 258 Kbps. This is because the distance from the source to the destination router is passed by more single links than dual links. Overall, the measurement shows that having a backup link can increase the stability of the data communication network connection when it is down and tested according to ETSI standards

Evaluation of various MAC Protocols for Node Density in Wireless Sensor Networks based on QoS

A wireless sensor network is a collection of sensor nodes that communicate with one another to gather data and send it to a base station. The quality of service provided by sensor networks determines their efficiency and lifetime. Energy, channel capacity, packet transmission, packet drop, and latency are all factors in QoS. In WSNs, routing protocols are designed to discover the shortest route to a network's destination, whereas MAC protocols are designed to transmit data through a communication channel. To increase the network's life span, the best routing and MAC protocols are required for communication. In this research, we examined the performance of different MAC protocols for a variety of QoS measures as node density increased. Future researchers will benefit from this research in establishing the best hybrid protocols for wireless sensor networks. The results demonstrate that CSMA is the best communication protocol among the others.

Analisis Kinerja Load Balancing Terhadap Jaringan Internet Menggunakan Metode Equal Cost Multi Path (ECMP)

Load balancing on Mikrotik is a technique for distributing loads network traffic on two or more connection lines in a balanced way, so that network traffic can run optimally, maximize transfer speed, reduce response time and avoid excessive capacity usage on one connection line. There are various methods that can be used in load balancing, one of which is the ECMP method. ECMP is a load balancing method that is used to divide the traffic of two or more internet connections with the same load on each line. The application of load balancing on the internet network using the ECMP method has good performance as evidenced by the distribution of a balanced number of connection loads on each gateway, and if one source of the internet connection dies or a fileover occurs, the backup will automatically run itself by taking connections from active internet resources. The QoS measurement results in this study produce good quality because the value meets the THIPON (Telecomunications and Internet Protocol Harmonization Over Network) standard where the average throughput value is more than 2 Mbps, the average delay value is less than 150 ms, the average packet loss value is less than 3% while the mean value of jitter is less than 125 ms. 
 
 Keywords: Load Balancing, ECMP, Internet Network, QoS,

Design of an Efficient Trustful-Lightweight Cloud Service Provisioning Model using Service Optimizer

INTRODUCTION: The establishment of trusted cloud services pretends to provide high impactful service with better satisfaction to the web-users and cloud service providers. Moreover, various existing trust-aware algorithms use diverse QoS measurements and related attributes, leading t

New Multipath OLSR Protocol Version for Heterogeneous Ad Hoc Networks

From a basic refrigerator to a self-driving car, emerging technologies are increasingly involving various facets of our daily lives. These bring together many regularly used devices, each with its own characteristics, to communicate and collaborate within the same system. Computer network experts regard this so-called structure as a heterogeneous network made up of several connected objects that do not speak the same language. Communication is therefore ensured by additional types of nodes, such as gateways or converters. In this case, we can detect an increased complexity and a decreased level of security. And thus, the need to adopt a common slang for these kinds of networks has been brought to life. In this work, we compare two different routing protocols: optimized link-state routing (OLSR) and the multipath heterogeneous ad hoc network OLSR (MHAR-OLSR). The latter is an OLSR extension with new functionalities: nodes identification, paths calculation, paths classification, and paths choice that we designed for heterogeneous ad hoc networks composed of MANET, VANET, and FANET devices; it ensures direct communication between these diverse components. We verify and explain all the elements of our solution using colored Petri nets. We also present a global evaluation of Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), End-To-End Delay, and energy consumption as QoS measures with different numbers of nodes in a heterogeneous scenario. To do this, we use NS-3 and BonnMotion as a tool-set of simulation. Experimental results show improvement in performance when compared to the classical routing protocol.

Membangun Jaringan Internet Kampung berbasis Hostpot RT/RW di kelurahan Kemas Rindo Palembang

The internet is a communication tool to find the information needed, not all areas are covered by the internet. Internet service providers as internet service providers also offer expensive packages beyond the ability of residents, in this study designing an internet network in Kemas Rindo village to help residents get cheap and good internet facilities. In this study using the waterfaal method in building an internet network, analysis, design, coding, testing and maintenance were carried out. Based on the area of 3027 hectares and the number of community units as many as 8 RWs in the Kemas Rindo sub-district, 8 CPE points were built with Bridge mode. After finishing building the internet network, Quality of Service measurements were made on Throughput, Packet Loss, Delay (latency), Jitter and the results obtained were categorized as good or with an index value of 3 based on the reference value of Telecommunications and Internet Protocol Harmonization Over Networks (TIPHON). The value obtained from the QoS measurement is throughput of 81.125, Packet Loss of 0.375, Delay of 150,625 and Jitter of 0.500. Keywords : Hostpot, RT RW Net, Kemas Rindo, Waterfall, QoS

QOL-17. BIOLOGICAL CORRELATES OF QUALITY OF SURVIVAL AND NEUROCOGNITIVE OUTCOMES IN MEDULLOBLASTOMA; A META-ANALYSIS OF THE SIOP-UKCCSG-PNET3 AND HIT-SIOP-PNET4 TRIALS

Relationships between biological factors (genetic, tumour molecular subgroup) and neurocognitive/Quality of Survival (QoS) outcomes in medulloblastoma survivors are emerging, based on studies of limited retrospective cohorts. Integrated investigations of the medulloblastoma late-effects pathway (considering biological, clinical and treatment factors), using larger clinically-controlled cohorts, are now essential to determine their independent significance and potential for clinical application. In a combined cohort of SIOP-UKCCSG-PNET3 and HIT-SIOP-PNET4 patients (n=150), molecular subgroup (MBWNT, MBSHH, MBGrp3, MBGrp4) was assessed against QoS measures [health status: HUI3; emotional and behavioural difficulties: SDQ; Health-related Quality of Life (HrQoL): PedsQL]. Additionally, in DNA remaining from HIT-SIOP-PNET4 (n=74), 39 candidate SNPs (involved in metabolism, DNA maintenance/repair, neural growth/repair and oxidative stress/inflammation) were genotyped by multiplexed MALDI-TOF MassArray and assessed against Wechsler Intelligence Scale (WISC) scores. Molecular subgroup was significantly associated with HrQoL and health status in univariate analyses; MBGrp4 predicted significantly worse outcomes than MBSHH and MBGrp3 (p<0.05), but not in multivariate analyses taking into consideration other significant and reported QoS predictors (e.g. treatment, gender, age). In contrast, 6 SNPs were significantly associated with ≥1 WISC domain; 4/6 showed associations across domains. 3 SNPs were independently prognostic in multivariate analyses, and further significant associations were apparent at the gene (BDNF, APOE) and pathway (folate) level. This cross-discipline, international study encompassing two medulloblastoma trials has identified relationships between molecular subgroup, genotype and survivorship outcomes. These findings now require assessment in larger series, to inform our understanding of medulloblastoma survivorship outcomes and impact future disease management strategies.

Dynamic Clustering-Genetic Secure Energy Awareness Routing To Improve the Performance of Energy Efficient In IoT Cloud

The Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the emerging technologies that has attracted the attention of researchers in the field of education and industry. The idea behind the Internet of Things is that things and devices are operated on the Internet to achieve some common goals with humans. It serves as a platform for monitoring the collection process, controlling the cyber-global fire world, and collecting data and analyzing data using IoT sensor nodes. Power saving is important for battery-powered devices. The amount of previous work is small, although it has a large tip capacity, especially in terms of battery life and energy efficiency. This regulates the development of IoT a simple and energy efficient routing scheme for war sensor networks. The nodes require an increased lifespan of intelligently transmitted data communications. To conserve the energy of IoT nodes, the Dynamic Clustering-Genetic Secure Energy Awareness Routing Protocol (DC-GSEARP) utilizes clustering, cluster head selection and energy and efficient path calculation for efficient and real-time routing. To accomplish the efficient cluster head selection, to have used Dynamic Clustering algorithm. The proposed DC-GSEARP protocol achieve an improved that can be used to construct an optimal path for energy efficient data transmission for IoT sensor nodes. DC-GSEARP, which uses the integration of clustering supported by short path resolution to provide energy efficient and advanced routing capabilities for IoT, ensures entering a path with lower power consumption and enhanced QoS measurements. The results of the simulations show that the proposed approach can reduce the power consumption of sensor nodes, data packet losses and extend network life.

QoS of network infrastructure in a wireless sensor system for real-time measurement pH parameter of fishery

The problem of mass fish mortality in Indonesia is already common and generally occurs. Environmental conditions determine the survival of fish. Acidity (pH) is one of the important things in determining the water quality of water. real-time information about pH water is important to avoid the danger of mass fish dies because of unhandled water pH. Network Infrastructure devices comprise those devices that facilitate the movement of data along with the communication media. the difference between the station distance and the wireless access point does not affect the change in the bitrate of each station QoS measurements based on data distribution delay. Shows that if the wireless sensor’s connectivity in sending data acquisition pH from the node station to the web service, Delay data transmission affects the accuracy of the measurement and presentation of data on the cloud server.

A hybrid approach to QoS measurements in cellular networks

Due to constantly increasing demand for mobile data, cellular network infrastructures running on limited radio spectrum are struggling to keep up. Constant monitoring and measurements are necessary to ensure service quality as saturated networks are not able to deliver consistent experience. However, measuring mobile networks at scale bears some fundamental problems. Although there are significant improvements in capabilities of mobile networks (e.g. bit rate, latency), measuring them is still rather complicated task compared to fixed networks given that in mobile networks, performance is a result of complex interaction between momentary cell load, adjacent cell interference, shadowing, fading, mobility and user device capabilities. The adoption of commercial 5G networks is expected to increase the variability even more as it depends on smaller cells. Active measurements that inject large amounts of traffic into the network for the sole purpose of measuring are costly in terms of both bandwidth and energy. Passive mechanisms are lightweight but miss the information of why a certain bit rate is received or sent by the end device. They can not tell whether the performance bottleneck is in the network or in the service itself. By combining active and passive measurements in a novel way, this study focuses on a hybrid measurement approach; that is cost-efficient, scalable and comparably accurate. In this paper, we develop a hybrid methodology where we passively measure incoming and outgoing bit rates and augment them with concurrent probe-based latency measurements to enable accurate network capacity estimations. We provide a model and heuristics to overcome issues related to radio access complications, capacity estimation, and optimization. Finally, we implement a prototype, deploy and evaluate it thoroughly to provide a proof-of-concept. We find that the proposed approach is not only highly accurate and a much efficient alternative to active measurements, but also superior in measuring user experienced quality.

Trusted Cloud Service Selection Algorithm Based on Lightweight Intuitionistic Fuzzy Numbers

Trusted cloud service selection algorithms aim to select the cloud service with the highest satisfaction from many cloud services with the same or similar functions. However, many existing selection algorithms adopt the inaccurate QoS measurement method and subjective weights of QoS attributes, which make it difficult for cloud users to select the trusted cloud service. Therefore, this paper proposes a trusted cloud service selection algorithm based on lightweight intuitionistic fuzzy numbers. Firstly, based on the consideration of precise and imprecise QoS metrics, three kinds of QoS attributes are transformed into lightweight intuitionistic fuzzy numbers in a uniform way, and corresponding weight coefficients are expressed with the calculated standard deviation. Then, the trusted cloud service selection algorithm based on improved TOPSIS is proposed to guide cloud users to choose the cloud service with the highest satisfaction. The accuracy of the proposed algorithm was validated by two cases and the efficiencies of the proposed algorithm and the traditional cloud service ranking algorithm based on triangular fuzzy numbers were compared.

QoS measurement of VoIP codec usage on limited bandwidth network over UDP-based VPN

The usage of internet protocol for voice communication is widely used and more efficient rather than an analog signal. However, there is no security guaranteed on IP-based voice communication. The voice payload can be easily tapped or even manipulated. In the case of improving the security aspect, communication quality should be also considered. VoIP requires sufficient bandwidth to get proper communication quality. The ITU-T released a standard unit of communication quality, known as Mean Opinion Score (MOS) which is made from the subjective judgments of some individuals. However, MOS method takes time and is expensive. In this research, we measure VoIP communication which is secured by using VPN and build a tool for analyzing the voice packet between communication peers. The tool has capabilities to measure delay, jitter, and packet loss. Since VoIP has a QoS standard by ITU-T, the usage of VPN for security purpose needs to be considered. The sound quality might be decreased due to the addition of header for tunneling method, as well as the additional delay when the encryption processing is carried out. We used 3 types of codec: a-Law, GSM, and iLBC which will be passed on 4 types of bandwidth (256, 128, 64, 32 kbps) through the UDP-based VPN that use 3 types of encryption method (3-DES, Blowfish, AES).

NET NEUTRALITY ANALYSIS AND MECHANISMS FOR ITS ASSESSMENT

Internet’s widespread use is mainly attributable to its best-effort concept, as well as being open to all users and services. The principle of net neutrality has been introduced, in essence, to safeguard this concept. Still, net neutrality faces contemporary challenges in the Western world by being continuously disputed or tested. In the United States related regulation has been reversed, while European stakeholders manage to balance and preserve net neutrality’s importance. In that direction, the Macedonian regulation has been mostly in-line with that of the European Union. Even so, challenges grow as Internet service providers find various ways to impose Internet traffic differentia- tion. QoS measurement tools for net neutrality assessment are therefore of great importance, but shortcomings exist. This paper gives the argument that passive measurement tools are more robust in detecting any differentiation. Finally, a proposed model for passively measuring the crucial metric – data throughput – may prove to become better deployable than existing tools, with the goal of general net neutrality assessment.

LNR-PP: Leaf Node Count and RSSI Based Parent Prediction Scheme to Support QoS in Presence of Mobility in 6LoWPAN

6LoWPAN network consists of embedded devices and sensors that senses environmental data and passes it to a root called as a 6LBR (6LoWPAN Border Router) which further transfers it to an Internet server for aggregation and processing. Earlier definition of 6LoWPAN consists of devices which are static with constrained resources such as computing power, memory, battery power and communication bandwidth. Recent additions such as mobile devices which are part of the 6LoWPAN network often cause frequent topology changes and disconnections, leading to degraded performance of the network. Handover delay, data loss rate, number of control messages, energy utilization are some of the performance metrics that has been focused and improved by recent works in the literature. But the proposed approaches work well when the number of mobile nodes and mobility rate are moderate. We identify the issues that arise in the 6LoWPAN RPL based network due to higher number of mobile nodes and higher mobility rate which causes problems like delay in data transmission and degraded parent node performance. In this paper we study, analyse and propose modifications in the popular protocols that support mobility in 6LoWPAN such as EC-MRPL. We propose a best-effort scheme called LNR-PP (Leaf node count and RSSI based Parent Prediction) to identify affected Static Nodes (SN) to whom large number of Mobile Nodes (MN) are connected. We call this scheme as a best effort since the parent prediction depends upon the number of neighbours available within the reach of MN in mobility. LNR-PP performs balanced leaf node (Mobile Node) allocation to SN in an effort to minimize the number of RPL control message packets, delay in forwarding data from the MN and power required to transmit control and data packets through SN. This enables the mobile nodes (MN) to communicate with DODAG-ROOT with guaranteed QoS measures under high mobility scenario. We developed a mathematical model to realize the benefits of the proposed scheme which can be incorporated into EC-MRPL and simulated with sample network parameters in MATLAB. The results obtained through simulation shows a significant improvement in term of number of RPL control message packets such as DIS and DIO, power requirement to transfer control and data packets through SN and delay encountered by SN while forwarding large volume of data from MN.