Physical Activity Measures Research Articles

Analysis of student physical activity levels and the concept of using Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) for changes in student physical activity behavior

Study Purpose. This study aims to determine the condition of students' physical activity levels. Look for causes or problems that make students rarely do physical activity. In addition, it tries to examine the role of Social Theory Cognitive if applied to increase students' physical activity. Material and Methods. The sample of this study is 150 students of the Faculty of Sports Sciences, State University of Makassar. The sample was randomly selected. Physical activity measurement uses the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short-Form (IPAQ-SF) version. Results. Based on the results of research from 150 respondents, 19 students (12.7%) had a high level of physical activity with an average of IPAQ 1855.37 and MET 5.7, 47 students (31.3%) had a moderate level of physical activity with an average of IPAQ 1041.31 and MET 3.6, and 84 students (56%) had a low level of physical activity with an average of IPAQ 502.62 and MET 3.2. Conclusion. The results of this study found that most college students have low physical activity. The use of SCT is expected to be used as an intervention to promote physical activity for students.

Preconception Physical Activity and Maternal Health Outcomes: An Integrative Review of Studies from 2016-2025.

Preconception physical activity may lower the risk of adverse maternal health outcomes. This integrative review examined the relationship between preconception physical activity and maternal health outcomes. Six electronic databases (i.e., Cochrane Library, PubMed, Science Direct, PsycInfo, SAGE Journals, and Sports Discus) were searched for relevant articles. Articles were eligible for inclusion if they were (1) published between January 1, 2016, and January 9, 2025, in an English-language peer-reviewed journal; (2) included a measure of preconception physical activity; and (3) reported maternal health outcomes during or after birth. Search procedures retrieved a total of 3608 articles. After a thorough screening process, seven articles met the inclusion criteria of this review. Five articles reported data from prospective cohort studies, and two articles employed cross-sectional designs. Outcomes examined included gestational hypertension (n = 3), gestational diabetes/glucose metabolism (n = 4), preeclampsia (n = 2), infant birth weight (n = 2), pregnancy weight gain (n = 1), duration of pregnancy (n = 1), and mode of delivery (n = 1). Higher preconception physical activity engagement was linked to reduced risks of gestational hypertension (n = 1), gestational diabetes/glucose metabolism (n = 2), preeclampsia (n = 2), low birth weight (n = 1), excessive pregnancy weight gain (n = 1), and post-term delivery (n = 1). Three studies found greater risk reduction with increased moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Engaging in regular moderate-to-vigorous physical activity during preconception is associated with a reduced risk of numerous adverse maternal health outcomes.

Optimal Recovery Following Pediatric Concussion

Pediatric concussion affects millions and results in heterogeneous outcomes and recovery trajectories. Given favorable outcome for most children, it is useful to understand characteristics of positive outcome to promote full recovery in all children. To document the timeframe of recovery to optimal functioning, defined comprehensively across motor-physical, cognitive, socioemotional, and resilience-support domains, after concussion among children ages 8 to 16 years. For this prospective cohort study, children ages 8 to 16.99 years with a concussion or orthopedic injury (OI) were recruited between September 2016 and July 2019 from 5 Pediatric Emergency Research Canada emergency departments and assessed approximately 10 days, 3 months, and 6 months after their injury. Data were analyzed from January 29, 2024, to January 11, 2025. Concussion. Participants completed self-report and direct assessment measures of postconcussive symptoms, physical activity and function, balance, cognitive function, quality of life, resilience, and social support. The main outcome was optimal functioning, which was derived from 11 variables and criteria indicative of absence of impairment and average or above functioning in each domain (overall score, 0-11; higher score indicates better function). A longitudinal, multivariable, cumulative probability ordinal regression model was fitted to examine factors associated with optimal functioning. A total of 967 children (median [IQR] age, 12.3 [10.5-14.3] years; 562 [58.1%] male) were enrolled, including 633 children with a concussion and 334 children with an OI. The median (IQR) optimal functioning scores for the OI group were 6.0 (4.0-8.0) at 10 days, 7.0 (5.0-9.0) at 3 months, and 7 (5.0-9.0) at 6 months, compared with 4.0 (2.0-6.0) at 10 days, 6.0 (4.0-9.0) at 3 months, and 7.0 (4.0-9.0) at 6 months in the concussion group. The 3 main variables (time, sex, and group) were significantly associated with optimal functioning, as were all 2-way interactions. Time was the strongest factor associated with optimal functioning (Wald χ258 = 485.11; P < .001), followed by group (Wald χ26 = 95.10; P < .001), and sex (Wald χ26 = 23.19; P < .001). At the 10-day follow-up, concussion was associated with lower optimal functioning than OI among females (odds ratio [OR], 0.24 [95% CI, 0.16-0.36]) and males (OR, 0.37 [95% CI, 0.26-0.53]). This difference persisted for females at 3 months (OR, 0.57 [95% CI, 0.35-0.93]) but not for males. Optimal functioning was comparable at 6 months. In this prospective cohort study of children with concussion, achieving optimal functioning levels across physical, cognitive, socioemotional, and resilience domains took 3 months or more, especially for girls with concussion. Multiple domains of outcome need to be taken into account when considering full recovery and optimal function after pediatric concussion.

Acceptability of Cycling With Virtual Reality Among Older Adults Living Independently in a Retirement Village: An Observational Study.

Improving physical activity and sedentary behaviors can maintain and improve cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and psychosocial function for older adults (≥65years) but finding acceptable, enjoyable, and safe strategies to achieve this is challenging. The immersive BikeAround technology-which integrates stationary cycling with Google Earth Street View-may be an effective strategy as it enhances acute exercise enjoyment and motivation, but treatment effects, safety, and engagement during prolonged use in free-living environments remain unknown. We evaluated the acceptability of BikeAround among older adults in a retirement village and assessed its preliminary effects on physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, blood pressure, cognitive function, perceived exertion, and balance, and mobility. We conducted a single-arm BikeAround acceptability study among older adults living independently in a retirement village. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed to evaluate acceptability and treatment effects on physical activity, and health outcomes, respectively. Among 20 older adults, BikeAround was acceptable. More than half of the participants showed their intention to use BikeAround again. Statistically significant improvements were observed in the Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test score (Wilcoxon test statistic = 210 and p < .01). There was a positive trend in physical activity participation, but none of the physical activity and sedentary behavior measures showed a statistically significant difference. BikeAround was acceptable to older people for promoting physical activity in a retirement village, which could have a significant role in their health and well-being.

Positioning Imatinib for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Dose Finding Phase 2 Study.

Imatinib 400mg daily reduces pulmonary vascular resistance and improves exercise capacity in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Concerns about safety and tolerability limit its use. To identify a safe and tolerated dose of oral imatinib between 100mg and 400mg daily and evaluate its efficacy. Oral imatinib was added to the background therapy of 17 patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension, including 13 implanted with devices providing daily measurements of cardiopulmonary haemodynamics and physical activity. The first patient started on 100mg daily. The next 12 patients, recruited serially, started on 200mg, 300mg or 400mg daily, following a Continuous Reassessment Method sequence. An extension cohort (patients 14 to 17) received 100mg or 200mg daily. The Continuous Assessment Method recommended starting dose was 200mg daily. The most common side effect was nausea. Imatinib reduced mean pulmonary artery pressure (-6.5 mmHg, 95%CI -2.4 to -10.6, P<0.01) and total pulmonary resistance (-2.8 Wood Units, 95%CI -1.5 to -4.2, P<0.001) with no significant change in cardiac output. The reduction in total pulmonary resistance was dose and exposure-dependent; the reduction from baseline with imatinib 200mg daily was -20.3% (95%CI -14.3 to -26.3%). Total pulmonary resistance and night heart rate declined steadily over the first 28 days of treatment and remained below baseline up to 40 days following imatinib withdrawal. Oral imatinib 200mg daily is well tolerated as an add-on treatment in pulmonary arterial hypertension. A delay in the return of cardiopulmonary haemodynamics to baseline was observed after stopping imatinib. Clinical trial registration available at www. gov, ID: NCT04416750 This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Concurrent Validity of a Physical Activity Vital Sign Used in an Adult Preventive Cardiology Clinic.

In clinical settings, counseling patients on physical activity starts by assessing patients' current physical activity levels. Self-report measures of PA are generally easy to administer; however, they may be too long to be convenient and are known to correlate poorly with objective measures of physical activity. To assess the concurrent validity of a self-report three-question physical activity vital sign with objective Fitbit step counts and the distance walked during a 6-min walk test. This pilot study tested a best practice advisory embedded in the Epic electronic health record, which was designed to prompt providers in a preventive cardiology clinic to counsel patients reporting low levels of physical activity . Patients were invited to participate in the remote patient monitoring phase to assess the change in their physical activity by wearing a Fitbit for 12 weeks and completing a 6-min walk test at baseline and 12 weeks. This analysis used the cross-sectional data collected in this phase. Pearson correlations were conducted between self-reported physical activity, Fitbit step counts, and the distance walked during the 6-min walk-a measure associated with current physical activity levels. Kappa coefficients were calculated to assess agreement between the self-reported physical activity and step counts. Participants who enrolled in the Fitbit monitoring were approximately 50% female, with the majority identified as White non-Hispanic adults. Their most common cardiovascular risk factor was hypertension. The self-reported physical activity vital signs were significantly associated with step counts at baseline and 12 weeks but were not associated with the distance during the 6-min walk test. However, the distance walked was significantly associated with step counts at baseline and 12 weeks. The Kappa results demonstrate a poor level of agreement between two categories (meeting or not meeting current physical activity guidelines) of self-report physical activity vitals and the objective Fitbit step counts. There were moderate correlations between the self-reported physical activity vital signs and the Fitbit step counts, but there was lack of agreement when they were categorized. Further validation of this physical activity vital sign is warranted.

The association of physical activity, physical fitness, dental caries, and erosive tooth wear in Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966.

Introduction Research on the impact of physical activity and physical fitness on oral health has been limited in scope. The aim of this report is to assess the impact of physical activity and physical fitness as modifiable factors in dental caries and erosive tooth wear among middle-aged individuals in Finland. Methods Data was gathered from the North Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (NFBC1966) 46-year follow-up, which included dental clinical examinations conducted by seven calibrated dentists, physical fitness tests, measurements of physical activity (PA), and measurements of height and weight administered between 2012 and 2014. PA was measured over a two-week period with a wrist-worn accelerometer and reported as average daily duration of PA (min/day). Physical fitness was assessed by measuring cardiorespiratory fitness via heart rate recovery (HRR) in a step test using a heart rate monitor and chest belt, and by evaluating back strength with the Biering-Sorensen test. Of the whole cohort, 1,964 cohort members participated in the oral clinical examination, and the regression models were conducted with 1,590 participants. The prevalence of dental caries (ICDAS), DMFT score, and erosive tooth wear (BEWE), and the results of the PA test and physical fitness tests, were categorized and analyzed using cross-tabulations and multivariable logistic regression models. SPSS version 29.0.0.0 was used to calculate 95% confidence intervals [CI], Odds Ratios [OR], 𝜒2, and p-values. Results Poor (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.15 - 2.23) and moderate (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.14 - 1.93) cardiorespiratory fitness and low PA (OR 1.48 95% CI 1.07 - 2.05) were associated with dentine caries in the regression model. The same model indicated that tooth brushing frequency (OR 1.97, 95% CI 1.21 - 3.20), erosive tooth wear (ETW) (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.12 - 1.49), and male gender (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.05 - 1.43) were associated with increased dentine caries. No statistically significant association was found between PA or physical fitness and ETW. Conclusion In the middle-aged Finnish population, high physical activity and good physical fitness are associated with a lower prevalence of dentine caries. No association between physical activity or physical fitness and ETW were found. Further research is needed to explore the potential oral health benefits of physical activity and physical fitness as modifiable factors.

Physical activity and screen time: prospective associations with child emotional and behavioral well-being during the COVID pandemic.

Physical activity (PA) and screen time (ST) were examined longitudinally over 66 months to evaluate their association with child emotional and behavioral health during the early months of the COVID pandemic. Data are from 288 racially/ethnically diverse low-income children ages 2-4 years enrolled in the NET- Works studies (2012-2020). Baseline, 12-, 24-, 36- and 66-month measures of PA and ST were collected before the onset of the COVID pandemic. During the pandemic shutdown, parents completed a measure of their child's emotional and behavioral health (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, SDQ). Longitudinal associations were examined between children's previous five-year PA and ST patterns and emotional and behavioral problems during the COVID shutdown. Children whose objectively measured PA met recommendations at all five visits during the previous 66 months had poorer emotional and behavioral health, compared to less consistently active children (SDQ Emotions 0.91 points higher, 95% CI = 0.22, 1.6, p = 0.046; SDQ Conduct 1.1 points higher, 95% CI = 0.45, 1.8; p = 0.007). Child ST was not significantly associated with emotional or behavioral health. Future longitudinal research should examine the effects of changes in children's habitual PA on children's emotional and behavioral well-being. To prevent declines in psychological and behavioral well-being among children who are currently regularly physically active, it is important to support their continued engagement in PA during periods when external barriers to PA are high. Increases in physical activity among children who are currently more sedentary may help limit the negative effects of stressors on children's emotional and behavioral well-being, but further research is needed.

Long-term follow-up of the impact of brief sleep and lifestyle interventions in infancy on BMI z-score at 11 years of age: The POI randomized controlled trial.

To determine whether BMI differences observed at 5 years of age, from early intervention in infancy, remained apparent at 11 years. Participants (n = 734) from the original randomized controlled trial (n = 802) underwent measures of body mass index (BMI), body composition (DXA), sleep and physical activity (24-h accelerometry, questionnaire), diet (repeated 24-h recalls), screen time (daily diaries), wellbeing (CHU-9D, WHO-5), and family functioning (McMaster FAD) around their 11th birthday. Following multiple imputation, regression models explored the effects of two interventions ('Sleep' vs. 'Food, Activity and Breastfeeding' [FAB]) using a 2 × 2 factorial design. Five hundred twelve children (48% female, mean [SD] age 11.1 [0.1] years) returned for the 11-year assessment (63% of original sample). Significant differences in BMI z-score (mean difference; 95% CI: -0.16; -0.41, 0.08) or the risk of overweight (including obesity) (odds ratio; 95% CI: 0.85; 0.56, 1.29) were no longer observed between children who had received the sleep intervention compared with those who had not. By contrast, children who had received the FAB intervention had greater BMI z-scores (0.24; 0.01, 0.47) and a higher risk of obesity (1.56; 1.03, 2.36) than children not enrolled in FAB. No significant differences were observed in any lifestyle variables nor wellbeing measures across all groups. Sustained reductions in BMI and obesity risk from an early sleep intervention were not apparent 9 years later, whereas a more traditional lifestyle intervention resulted in increased rates of obesity, not explained by any differences in lifestyle behaviours measured. ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT00892983, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00892983.

Associations of Device-Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Time With Neural Responses to Visual Food Cues in Adults: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study.

Self-reported physical activity is associated with lower brain food cue responsiveness in reward-related regions, but relationships utilizing objective physical activity measurement tools have not been explored. This cross-sectional study examined whether device-measured moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity and sedentary time are related to neural responses to visual food cues using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Fifty-one healthy adults (30 men, 21 women; mean ± SD: age 26 ± 6 years; body mass index 24.1 ± 3.0 kg/m2) underwent a functional magnetic resonance imaging scan after an overnight fast while viewing images of high/very high-energy density foods (HED), very low/low-energy density foods (LED) and non-food objects. Free-living moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity and sedentary time were measured for seven consecutive days using an ActiGraph wGT3X-BT and activPAL4 accelerometer, respectively. Associations of behavioural variables with brain food cue reactivity were examined in regression models controlling for physiological and behavioural covariates. After adjusting for age, sex, body mass index and device weartime, moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity was negatively associated with reactivity to LED versus non-food cues in the precentral gyrus, hippocampus, posterior insula, and amygdala, which may diminish inhibitory-related responses towards healthier lower energy value foods. Time spent in moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity was positively associated with reactivity to LED versus non-food cues in the dorsal striatum, a region implicated in food motivation. A positive association was identified between sedentary time and reactivity to HED versus non-food cues in the dorsal division of the posterior cingulate gyrus that has been implicated in attention allocation. These findings suggest that moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity may enhance the appeal of and motivation to consume LED foods, whereas sedentary time may promote attention towards HED foods, highlighting the potential for engaging in greater physical activity and less sedentary time to positively influence the central (brain) appetite control system.

Digitally supported physical activity counselling for people with chronic back pain: a randomised controlled parallel feasibility study

BackgroundGuiding individuals with chronic back pain (CBP) to initiate and adhere to physical activity (PA) remains challenging. The study rationale is based on the need for innovative strategies, like digital tools, to better promote PA. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of using the digital consultation app ExPa (Exercise against Pain) to support PA consultations for CBP and its potential for a future effectiveness trial. The ExPa app shows the effect of PA on pain and provides individually tailored support to increase PA.MethodsIn a 2-arm randomised controlled feasibility study, we recruited 9 physicians and 37 CBP patients in Hesse (Germany). Using computer assisted cluster randomisation, 14 patients received ExPa counselling from their physician, while 17 patients received standard treatment. Main outcomes focused on study procedures and software use, with secondary outcome including pre- and post-intervention measurements of PA (International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), pain and mood (Short Form-12 (SF-12), Von Korff pain intensity and disability score and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)). Additionally, project-tailored questionnaires and qualitative interviews assessed study procedures and software performance.ResultsStudy procedures were generally feasible. However, they took more time and dropouts as well as missing data presented challenges. This provided valuable insights for planning an effectiveness trial. Quantitative and qualitative data indicated that ExPa could have benefits for increasing PA and reducing pain.ConclusionsResults from the feasibility study indicate that improved procedures are necessary for a larger RCT. ExPa shows potential for positively impacting pain and PA.

Physical activity and cardiac function in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Cardiomyopathy is the leading cause of death in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The relationship between cardiac and skeletal muscle progression is unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation between muscle activity and cardiomyopathy. We hypothesised that cardiomyopathy and skeletal muscle activity are directly related. Physical activity was assessed with accelerometers worn for 7 days. Average activity (vector magnitude/min) and percentage of time in different activities were reported. Cardiac MRI was used to assess left ventricular ejection fraction, global circumferential strain (Ecc), late gadolinium enhancement, and cardiac index. Associations were assessed between physical activity and cardiac variables using a Spearman correlation. Duchenne muscular dystrophy subjects (n = 46) with an average age of 13 ± 4 years had a mean left ventricular ejection fraction of 57 ± 8%. All physical activity measures showed significant correlations with left ventricular ejection fraction (rho = 0.38, p = 0.01) and left ventricular cardiac index (rho = 0.51, p < 0.001). Less active subjects had lower left ventricular ejection fraction (p = 0.10) and left ventricular cardiac index (p < 0.01). Non-ambulatory patients (n = 29) demonstrated a stronger association between physical activity and left ventricular ejection fraction (rho = 0.40, p = 0.03) while ambulatory patients demonstrated a stronger association between physical activity and left ventricular cardiac index (rho = 0.53, p = 0.03). Ecc did not associate with physical activity in either cohort. Physical activity correlates with left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular cardiac index and is modified by ambulation. Future analysis should assess the temporal relationship between physical activity and cardiomyopathy.

Association between social media use, physical activity level, and depression and anxiety among college students: a cross-cultural comparative study

This article examined the interaction of social media use and physical activity with mental health outcomes in a cultural and regional perspective among university students in China. Among 1,500 students from ten universities across different regions of China, stratified random sampling was used to complete the validated measures of social media use, physical activity, depression, anxiety, sleep quality, and cultural values. Significantly positive associations were revealed between the use of social media and both depressive symptoms, r = .28, p ≤ .001, and anxiety, r = .31, p ≤ .001. In female students, this association was stronger, r = .34, p ≤ .001. Regarding physical activity as associated with a lower risk for mental health problems, the association was β =-0.18, p ≤ .001, occurring more strongly when social media use was at a high level. Sleep quality accounted for 30.4% of the relationship between social media use and depression. Cultural values, particularly individualism/collectivism, moderated these associations: β = -0.14, p < .01, such that collectivistic values buffered against negative effects. There were significant regional differences: Western Chinese participants reported more frequent use of social media (M = 4.2, SD = 0.8), but less physical activity (M = 1890 MET-min/week, SD = 1100) than Western participants. More importantly, females reported a higher level of social media use (M = 4.2, SD = 0.9), while males had higher levels of physical activity (M = 2486 MET-min/week, SD = 1342). These findings indicate that gender-specific, culturally tailored interventions are necessary that embed physical activity promotion into strategies aimed at promoting digital wellness. This study contributes to the theoretical understanding of digital wellness and extends evidence-based insights into the development of targeted mental health interventions among Chinese university students.

Application of Wearable Devices in Diabetes Management

Review Application of Wearable Devices in Diabetes Management Zijing Du 1,2,†, Feifan Zhang 1,†, Yifei Ge 1, Yijiang Liu 3, Honghua Yu 2, Yong Wang 4, Rinkoo Dalan 1,5, and Xiaotao Shen 1,3,* 1 Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 636921, Singapore 2 Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China 3 School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore 4 College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637616, Singapore 5 Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, 308433, Singapore * Correspondence: xiaotao.shen@ntu.edu.sg † These authors contributed equally to this work. Received: 17 December 2024; Revised: 20 January 2025; Accepted: 12 February 2025; Published: 19 February 2025 Abstract: Diabetes mellitus poses a significant global health challenge, impacting hundreds of millions worldwide. Effective management and prevention of complications rely on dynamic, real-time glucose monitoring. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the rapidly evolving landscape of wearable technologies for glucose monitoring and diabetes care, with a focus on cutting-edge advancements and their integration with artificial intelligence (AI) and multi-omics data. We explore diverse glucose monitoring approaches, including continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) and smartwatches, highlighting their contributions to tracking physical activity, food intake, medication adherence, and direct glucose measurements. Our emphasis is placed on the role of AI systems in enabling predictive analytics and personalized care, as well as the integration of wearable data with multi-omics insights—spanning genomics, proteomics, and gut microbiome analyses—to enhance understanding of individual glucose metabolism. Given the challenges of existing methods, such as invasiveness, accuracy, and accessibility, we discuss future directions, including the potential of smart glasses, advanced AI models, and seamless data integration, to revolutionize diabetes management. This review offers valuable insights into how wearable technologies, AI, and multi-source data analysis are shaping the future of precision diabetes care.

Height and weight trajectories are associated with submaximal and maximal exercise capacity in children with congenital heart defects.

Children with congenital heart defects (CHD) are often short/lightweight relative to peers. Limited growth, particularly height, may reflect energy deficits impacting physical activity. Latent class analyses of growth from birth and Bruce treadmill exercise data retrospectively identified for height, weight, and body mass index z-scores growth trajectories. Linear regression models examined exercise parameters by growth trajectory, adjusting for age/sex/CHD severity. A total of 213 children with CHD (39% female, 12.1 ± 2.9 years) achieved 85.8 ± 10.1% of the predicted peak heart rate. Peak heart rate among children whose height was consistently below average (class 1) was 15.2 ± 4.9 beats/min lower than children with other height trajectories. These children also attained a lower percentage of predicted peak heart rate. Children whose weight (p = 0.03) or body mass index (p < 0.001) z-score increased throughout childhood had significantly lower exercise duration (mean difference 1-2 min) than children whose growth trajectories were stable or declined. Children with above-average weight or an increasing body mass index also used a higher percentage of their heart rate reserve at each submaximal exercise stage. A very low height z-score trajectory is associated with decreased exercise capacity that may increase the risk for morbidities associated with a sedentary lifestyle. Future studies should examine potential mechanisms for the observed height deficits, such as an inadequate energy supply that could impact physical activity participation, congestive heart failure, cyanosis, pubertal stage, supplemental feeding history, or familial growth patterns. Prospective studies examining growth in relation to objective measures of daily physical activity are required.

Reliability and variability of self-reported physical activity and exercise self-efficacy measures among people with Parkinson disease

Purpose To explore reliability and inherent variability of physical activity (PA) and exercise self-efficacy (ESE) questionnaires and association of PA with ESE in people with Parkinson disease (PwP). Material and methods International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), Brunel Lifestyle Physical Activity Questionnaire (BLPAQ), and ESE data were collected from 30 PwP (NCT049222190). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and Minimal Detectable Change (MDC90) were calculated to determine test-retest reliability and inherent variability. Pearson correlation analyzed relationship of ESE with PA measures. Results Test-retest reliability was moderate for IPAQ, good for BLPAQ Planned, moderate for BLPAQ Unplanned, and moderate for ESE. Test-retest reliability was good for IPAQ ≤ 2000 MET-minutes/week and poor for IPAQ ≥ 2000 MET-minutes/week as per subgroup analysis. MDC90 was 2132 MET-minutes/week for IPAQ, 0.97 for BLPAQ Planned, 0.87 for BLPAQ Unplanned, and 21.06 for ESE. ESE showed strong positive association with IPAQ, poor positive association with BLPAQ Planned, and moderately positive association with BLPAQ Unplanned. Conclusion IPAQ, BLPAQ, and ESE exhibit consistency across sessions and can be used to record PA and ESE among PwP. However, there are limitations, particularly for higher PA levels. MDC90 scores of PA and ESE measures can help determine effectiveness of PA interventions in PwP.

A200 A POPULATION-BASED ASSESSMENT OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND EXERCISE IN PERSONS WITH IBD

Abstract Background It is known that physical activity (PA)/exercise is associated with a reduced risk in chronic disease. However, less is known about its impact on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) specifically. Research generally uses the terms ‘PA’ and ‘exercise’ interchangeably, which although similar, are overlapping classifications of activity. As a result, interpreting and comparing existing findings can be challenging. Aims We aimed to assess the physical activity and exercise profiles of persons with IBD, their limitations in undertaking PA/exercise, and how PA correlates with active disease and fatigue in a population-based sample in Manitoba, Canada. Methods A cross-sectional survey study was undertaken by participants in the University of Manitoba IBD Research Registry. The survey included sociodemographic factors, PA/exercise, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), Inflammatory Bowel Disease Symptom Inventory (IBDSI), and Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS). Bivariate and logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association between PA and disease activity and fatigue. Results The survey was completed by 1257 of 2740 invitees (45.8%). The mean age of participants was 60.8 +/- 13.0 years. The most common type of PA and exercise that respondents participated in were walking for leisure/exercise (84%) and the most common type of PA and exercise avoided was running/jogging (16%). Physically active status per IPAQ was categorized as inactive-low in 42.5%, moderately active in 32.0%, and highly active in 25.5%. Average fatigue levels were mean 24.9 SD 18.9 per MFIS. PA and fatigue levels were similar for those &amp;gt;55 vs those &amp;lt;55 years. For ulcerative colitis (UC) persons, after adjusting for demographic and clinical factors, the odds of lower levels of PA were greater among females [aOR 95% CI, 1.76 (1.12-2.78)], ever smoked [aOR 95% CI, 2.55 (1.11-5.73)], active disease (per IBDS) [aOR 95% CI, 1.68 (1.07-2.62)], and with an increase in MFIS total score [aOR 95% CI, 1.02 (1.01-1.04)]. Conclusions There was a high rate of inactive to low PA among persons with IBD. Females with UC especially need to be encouraged to increase their PA. While it is not surprising that persons with active disease may have reduced or even avoided PA, this requires further study. Since as a result, PA may reduce deconditioning that may accompany periods of active disease and increased fatigue. These findings underscore the need for tailored PA/exercise guidelines for individuals with IBD. Future research should explore objective measures of PA to better understand PA/exercise in both younger and older adult populations. Funding Agencies CAG, None

Effects of melatonin supplementation on oxidative stress, and inflammatory biomarkers in diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial

Background and objectivesChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive illness linked to higher rates of morbidity and death. One of the main causes of CKD is diabetes mellitus (DM), and oxidative stress is essential to the disease's development. It has been demonstrated that the natural antioxidant melatonin reduces inflammation and oxidative damage in renal tissues. Given the lack of robust evidence, this double-blind clinical trial sought to investigate the effects of melatonin supplementation on oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in diabetic CKD patients.Materials and methodsThis trial included 41 diabetic patients with CKD (stages 3–4) from Shariati Hospital, Tehran, Iran. For ten weeks, participants were randomized to receive either a placebo or 5 mg of melatonin twice a day. Baseline characteristics, dietary intake, physical activity, and anthropometric measurements were recorded. Oxidative stress (TAC, TOS, MDA) and inflammatory markers (IL-6, hs-CRP) were measured before and after the intervention. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS, with significance set at p < 0.05.ResultsThe 10-week trial was completed by 41 participants in total, and no adverse effects were noted. Dietary intake, physical activity, and anthropometric parameters did not significantly differ between the melatonin and control groups in baseline characteristics. Melatonin supplementation decreased oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers, including hs-CRP, MDA, TOS, and IL-6. However, these changes were not statistically significant.ConclusionOur study showed that melatonin supplementation did not significantly affect oxidative stress or inflammatory markers, including TAC, TOS, MDA, IL-6, and hs-CRP, in diabetic patients with CKD. Despite a decrement in TOS, MDA, IL-6, and hs-CRP levels after 10 weeks, this was not statistically significant. Further studies with larger sample sizes, greater dosages, and longer follow-up periods are recommended.

Associations of Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity With Dementia, Anxiety, and Depression Among Older Adults.

Higher physical activity (PA) is associated with better neuropsychiatric health, but prior studies have been limited by cross-sectional designs, self-reported PA measures, and small numbers of older individuals. We examined associations between baseline and changes in accelerometer-measured moderate-vigorous PA (MVPA) with neuropsychiatric health among individuals aged ≥ 70 years in the National Health and Aging Trends Study. We used the average daily minutes of accelerometer-measured MVPA above a validated threshold of 2184 counts per minute as a continuous measure at baseline for the exposure variable. For longitudinal analyses, we categorized change in MVPA as follows: an increase of > 20 min/day over 1 year, a decrease of > 20 min/day over 1 year, and staying within 20 min/day over 1 year. Our outcomes were possible/probable dementia and anxiety or depression. Associations were estimated using confounder-adjusted logistic regressions. In our survey-weighted analytic sample of 639 individuals aged ≥ 70 years, 56% were ≥ 75 years, and 53% were female. After adjusting for confounders, a 20-min/day higher baseline MVPA was significantly associated with lower odds of possible/probable dementia 1 year later (odds ratio [OR] = 0.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.83-0.96) but not with depression and anxiety symptoms. Compared to no change in PA over 1 year, an increase in MVPA by > 20 min/day was associated with decreased odds of depression and anxiety symptoms (OR = 0.06, 95% CI = 0.03-0.14) but not with possible/probable dementia. Compared to no change in MVPA over 1 year, a decrease in MVPA by > 20 min/day was associated with higher odds of possible/probable dementia (OR = 3.82, 95% CI = 1.34-10.87) but not with depression and anxiety symptoms. Higher and increasing MVPA over time is associated with better neuropsychiatric health in individuals aged ≥ 70 years. Future studies should prioritize evaluating detailed PA trajectories to better understand how different doses, intensities, and modalities of PA impact neuropsychiatric decline in older adults.

Development, Construct Validity, and Reliability Testing of a Revised Version of the Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire for People With Spinal Cord Injury

Objectives: To evaluate the content validity, construct validity, and test-retest reliability of a revised version of the Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire for People with Spinal Cord Injury [LTPAQ-SCI(R)] that measures all four components of the spinal cord injury (SCI) exercise guidelines (i.e., exercise frequency, intensity, duration, and type). Methods: Ten adults with SCI (6M/4F) were interviewed to develop the LTPAQ-SCI(R) and assess its content validity. Twenty-three adults with SCI (50 ± 14 years; 18M/5F) completed the LTPAQ-SCI(R), other self-report measures of aerobic leisure time physical activity (LTPA), moderate-to-vigorous LTPA (MVPA), and strength-training activities as well as cardiorespiratory fitness (i.e., peak oxygen consumption [V̇O2peak]) and muscular strength tests. Results: User interviews provided information to refine the questionnaire and support content validity. LTPAQ-SCI(R) measures of minutes per week of aerobic and strength-training LTPA shared large correlations with other self-report measures of aerobic LTPA, aerobic MVPA, and strength-training LTPA (r = 0.542 to 0.687, Ps &amp;lt; .01). LTPAQ-SCI(R) measures of minutes per week of aerobic LTPA and all LTPA (i.e., combined aerobic and strength-training LTPA) shared significant medium-sized positive correlations with relative V̇O2peak (r = 0.393 and 0.406, respectively, Ps &amp;lt; .05). All variables measured by the LTPAQ-SCI(R) demonstrated good-to-excellent test-retest reliability (intraclass correlations = 0.854 to 1.000, Ps &amp;lt; .001). Conclusion: This study provides preliminary evidence of the validity and reliability of the LTPAQ-SCI(R) as a measure of minutes per week of aerobic and strength-training LTPA in individuals with SCI. The LTPAQ-SCI(R) is recommended for use in community- and rehabilitation-based settings to collect epidemiological data on LTPA participation among individuals living with SCI.