Measurement Of Blood Sugar Level Research Articles

Pemeriksaan Status Gizi dan Edukasi Pencegahan Diabetes Melitus terhadap Lansia di Wilayah Putukrejo, Desa Peniwen, Kabupaten Malang

The number of elderly people in Indonesia is increasing from year to year. The increasing age of the elderly, as well as the increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the elderly, are the result of neurohormonal changes, lifestyle changes, decreased physical activity, changes in body composition, and increased oxidative stress. The goal of this community service is to provide health services in the form of nutritional assessments for the elderly and education to increase the elderly's knowledge in Peniwen Village, Malang Regency. Community service activities begin with screening Upper Arm Circumference, Abdominal Circumference, Height, Weight, Body Mass Index, Blood Pressure, and Random Blood Sugar levels in the elderly. Counseling was then provided to 20 people using powerpoint media, brochures, and booklets. The information provided included diabetes mellitus, risk factors, random blood sugar levels, and diabetes mellitus prevention. The level of knowledge of respondents is assessed using pre-test and post-test instruments. According to the results of the pre-test and post-test conducted by the elderly in Putukrejo Hamlet, educational methods in the form of presentations, booklets, and brochures containing material about Diabetes Mellitus, risk factors for events, measurement of blood sugar levels in the elderly, and diabetes mellitus prevention went as expected, namely a 40% increase.

Comparative Evaluation of Plasma Lipid Profile and Electrolytes in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Individuals Attending Healthcare Checkup in Everight Laboratory in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by abnormally high blood sugar which poses a serious challenge to public health globally. The measurement of blood sugar levels, serum lipid profiles, and electrolytes are essential in determining one's vulnerability to developing diabetic-related complications such as cardiovascular diseases.
 Aim: This was a comparative cross-sectional study designed to assess the dyslipidemia and electrolyte imbalance status of diabetic individuals attending routine healthcare checkups in Everight Diagnostic and Laboratory Services Limited, Owerri branch, using plasma lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoproteins and low-density lipoproteins) and electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride and bicarbonate) as markers.
 Methodology: A total of 120 participants consisting of 60 diabetics and 60 non-diabetic individuals were pooled for this study. From both groups, plasma samples upon centrifugation were used for the analyses of glucose, Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol using Erba XL-200 auto biochemistry analyzer, and plasma Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), Chloride (Cl-), and Bicarbonate (HCO3-) using Audicom (AC9900) ion selective electrode (ISE) analyzer. Statistical analysis was carried out using version 20.0 and p- values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
 Results: The demographic characteristics of the study population show 53% women, 47% men, and average age of 51.28. The fasting plasma glucose level of diabetic subjects (175.96 ± 91.62 mg/dL) was significantly higher (p<0.05) than the non-diabetic group (99.54 ± 11.50 mg/dL). More so, there were significant differences (p<0.05) between levels of TC (212.9 ± 56.65 mg/dL), TG (165.61 ± 89.05 mg/dL), and LDL-C (130. 59 ± 47.18 mg/dL) amongst diabetic individuals when compared with the levels of TC (169.87 ± 33. 57 mg/dL), TG (98.14 ± 39.14 mg/dL), and LDL (100.57 ± 27.78 mg/dL) of non-diabetic participants. Conversely, there was no significant difference when the plasma levels of HDL-C (52.78 ± 19.10 mg/dL), Na+ (136.93 ± 3.14 mmol/L), K+ (4.11 ± 0.54 mmol/L), HCO3- (22.03 ± 4.66 mEq/L) and Cl- (101.09 ± 4.33 mmol/L) of test subjects were compared with that of control individuals HDL-C (53.46 ± 15.04 mg/dL), Na+ (137.11 ± 3.37 mmol/L), K+ (4.17 ± 0.45 mmol/L), HCO3- (22.27 ± 3.55 mEq/L) and Cl- (94.52 ± 10.78) (p>0.05).
 Conclusion: The results of our study shows significant alteration of fasting lipid parameters amongst diabetics. This suggests that diabetic individuals are associated with dyslipidaemia, which predisposes them to cardiovascular risks.

Abnormalities in Glucose Blood Level during Antipsychotic Treatment in Schizophrenia Patients

Background: Schizophrenia is one of the mental disorder with many problematic issues, in both psychologically and socially. This disease requires provision of long-term antipsychotic therapy, hence could rise other potential health problems. Antipsychotic treatment can cause serious glucometabolic side-effects, including type 2 diabetes and hyperglycemic emergency. Recent attention has also been focused on antipsychotic-induced hyperglycemic emergencies experienced by new users of typical and atypical antipsychotic. Patients treated with atypical APDs have ~10 times higher risk in developing hyperglycaemic emergencies. In our pre-eliminary study, hyperglycemia condition in new patients occurs in four in seven patients who received typical and atypical antipsychotics. This condition is often overlooked and is not routinely evaluated. Moreover, it can develop into diabetes and increase the risk of morbidity and mortality in schizophrenia patients. In this study, we would like to determine the acute effects of metabolic (hyperglycemia) in patients treated with antipsychotic (Risperidone and Haloperidol) Measurement of blood sugar levels was performed in groups treated with haloperidol (N = 15) and treated with risperidone (N = 15). Plasma samples were taken at the beginning of treatment, in week IV, and in week VIII. The measurement of glucose levels was performed after meal and in early morning before breakfast (fasting blood glucose level 8 hours).
 Results: The blood sugar level after meals was significantly higher in the Risperidone group compared to the Haloperidol group (p <0.001) after IV and VIII weeks. Meanwhile, the fasting blood sugar level was significantly higher in the Risperidone group compared to the Haloperidol group after VIII weeks of treatment ( p <0.001).
 Conclusions: Both antipsychotics can cause an increase in blood sugar levels. Treatment with Risperidone significantly increased the blood sugar levels compared to treatment with haloperidol. Measurement of blood sugar level is needed to monitor the metabolic effect of antipsychotic, especially in patients treated with Risperidone. It is necessary to have dietary regulation and physical activities to prevent undesired metabolic side effects.

Antidiabetes Serbuk Umbi Tanaman Yakon (<i>Smallanthus sonchifolius</i>) pada Kadar Gula Darah Tikus Putih (<i>Rattus norvegicus</i>)

The routine and long-term use of oral antidiabetic drugs in DM patients can make the public's perception worried about the side effects of the drug. In the Yakon (SS) plant tuber there is Fructooligosacaraide (FOS) which can reduce blood sugar levels. The research objective was to determine the effect of Yakon plant tubers on blood sugar levels in white rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus model. This type of research was experimental with a pre-post test design with control-group design. Independent variable, administration of Yakon plant tuber powder, dependent variable, blood glucose levels. The sample was divided into 2 groups (dose 1, dose 2) and a control group, each of 6 rats. The mice were given a high carbohydrate diet for 9 weeks. Treatment dose 1 (100 mg / kgBB) for 3 days. Measurement of blood sugar levels using Gluco-Dr. Data analysis used Paired Sample T-test, Independent Sample T-test, and One Way Anova. The results showed that the rats in the treatment group dose 1 experienced a decrease in the average blood sugar level of 122.83 mg / dl (p 0.002) (p 0.009). This shows that there is an effect of using Yakon plant tuber powder on blood sugar levels. The results of this study were the control group and the treatment group dose 1 (Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.000, α = 0.05). Meanwhile, the comparison results showed that there was a difference between the control group and the treatment group at dose 1, Based on the above research, Yakon tubers can be used to reduce blood sugar levels.

Effectiveness of combination of Moringa Leaf Extract (Moringa oleifera Lamk.) and Papaya Seed Extract (Carica papaya L.) in reducing blood sugar levels of diabetic rats

Introduction: Moringa leaf extract and papaya seed extract contain flavonoids that can lower blood sugar levels. Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the antidiabetic effectiveness of moringa leaf extract and papaya seed extract and the effective dose of moringa leaf extract and papaya seed extract in reducing blood sugar levels. Methods: This study used 24 diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by giving rats glucose 10% for four days. Measurement of blood sugar levels was carried out on the 0th, 5th, 8th, and 15th days. The pre-test (T1) and post-test (T2 and T3) blood sugar levels were measured, as well as the percentage of reduction at T2 and T3. Results: The result was that the treatment group with an extract combination of 700:500 showed decreased blood sugar levels on day 15 (57.24%), indicating antidiabetic effectiveness of the extract combination.

EFFECT OF HERBAL THERAPY STEEPING SALAM LEAF TO DECREASE IN BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS IN ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS IN THE VILLAGE OF SUKODONO SUBDISTRICT OF SIDOARJO CITY

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease most often occurs in the elderly due to decreased function of the pancreas which produce insulin function. The number of elderly patients with DM in the village of Tell subdistrict of Sidoarjo regency Sukodono ignorance alternative ways to control blood sugar levels. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of herbal therapy steeping Salam leaves against a decrease in blood glucose levels in the elderly. Methods:This study design pre Experiment (One-group pre-post test design). Samples were taken using purposive sampling and obtained as many as 28 elderly Tell Rural District of Sukodono Sidoarjo. The independent variable is the herbal therapy steeping Salam leaves and the dependent variable is blood glucose levels in the elderly. Test Gluchose research instruments used for the measurement of blood sugar levels. Test data analysis using Paired T-test ? ? 0.05. Results:The results showed that the steeping Salam leaves for lowering blood glucose levels in elderly people with diabetes mellitus is evidenced by the results of Test Paired t-test showed ? = 0.000 before and after the treatment groups. Conclution:Seeing the results of this study can be concluded that the steeping Salam leaves containing astringent compounds can affect insulin sensitivity thereby stimulating the parasympathetic autonomic nerve stimulation and stimulate the release of insulin from the pancreas gland. Furthermore, the public are advised to be used as an alternative way to control blood sugar levels.

Effectiveness Test Of Papaya (Carrica Papaya L.) Flower Extract On Blood Sugar Level Of The Sucrose-Induced Male Mice (Mus Musculus L.)

The papaya (Carica papaya L) flower contain flavonoids, tannins, and triterpenoid steroids which function as antidiabetic. This study was conducted to determine the antidiabetic effect of papaya (Carica papaya L) flower extract on sucrose-induced male mice. In this study, mice were made diabetic by inducing them with sucrose at a dose of 160 mg/kg BW. A total of 25 mice were grouped homogeneously into 5 groups, consisting of a negative control group (CMC 0.5%), a positive control group (no administration), a group with a dose of 200 mg/kg BW, a group with a dose of 400 mg/Kg. BW, and the group with a dose of 500 mg/Kg BW. Measurement of blood sugar levels of mice was carried out before administration of sucrose, after administration of sucrose and after administration of papaya flower extract. The results showed that the three doses had an antidiabetic effect, and the administration of papaya flower extract at a dose of 200 mg/Kg BW showed a better effect than the negative control.

AKTIVITAS FISIK, DURASI PENYAKIT DAN KADAR GULA DARAH PADA PENDERITA DIABETES MELLITUS (DM) TIPE 2

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease caused by the inability of the pancreas to produce enough insulin, or the body cannot effectively use the insulin produced by the pancreas. Regular aerobic physical activity in people with a diagnosis of DM can improve insulin sensitivity. The prevalence of DM in Indonesia based on Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) in 2018 is 10.9% while in Riau province occupies the third-highest rank in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the description of physical activity and blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus at the Sidomulyo Health Center, Pekanbaru City. This study is descriptive with cross-sectional design. The sampling technique in this study was a total sampling of 24 people with DM type 2. Data collection for physical activity variables was carried out using a questionnaire included in PAL (Physical Activity Level). Measurement of blood sugar levels in patients with DM is done by taking respondent capillary blood then measured using a glucometer (Easy Touch GCU). Univariate analysis was carried out to analyze the variables of physical activity and blood sugar levels which were then presented in the form of frequency distribution tables and narratives. The results showed a description of the level of physical activity in respondents who suffer from DM as many as 16 people (66.7%) with mild physical activity levels, and 8 people (33.3%) with moderate levels of physical activity. Description of fasting blood sugar levels of respondents as many as 19 people (79.2%) had controlled fasting blood sugar levels, and 5 people (20.8%) had uncontrolled fasting blood sugar levels.

Modulating the mixed potential for developing biosensors: Direct potentiometric determination of glucose in whole, undiluted blood

The growing demand for tools to generate chemical information in decentralized settings is creating a vast range of opportunities for potentiometric sensors, since their combination of robustness, simplicity of operation and cost can hardly be rivalled by any other technique. In previous works, we have shown that the mixed potential of a Pt electrode can be controlled with analytical purposes using a coating of Nafion, thus providing a way to develop a potentiometric biosensor for glucose. Unfortunately, the linear range of this device did not match the relevant clinical range for glucose in blood.This work presents a novel strategy to control the mixed potential that allows the development of a potentiometric biosensor for the direct detection of glucose in whole, undiluted blood without any sample pretreatment. By changing the ionomer, the analytical response can be tuned, shifting the linear range while keeping the sensitivity. Aquivion, a polyelectrolyte from the same family as Nafion, is used to stabilize the mixed potential of a platinized paper-based electrode, to entrap the enzyme and to reduce the interference from negatively charged species. Factors affecting the generation of the signal and the principle of detection are discussed. Optimization of the biosensor composition was achieved with particular focus on the characterization of the linear range and sensitivity. The accurate measurement of blood sugar levels in a single drop of whole blood with excellent recovery is presented.

Pengaruh Senam Hamil Terhadap Berat Badan Dan Kadar Gula Darah Ibu Hamil Trimester III Di Kota Pekanbaru

The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in Indonesia is 1.8% in general pregnancy.One of the prevention of diabetes mellitus in pregnancy is sports interventions, including low impact aerobic exercise, such as swimming, jogging and pregnancy exercises. Benefits of pregnancy exercise reduces the risk of gestational obesity.The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of pregnancy exercise on body weight and blood sugar levels of third trimester pregnant women.The type of the study was a quasy experiment with a post test control group design.The study population was all trimester III pregnant women and the sample was 15 people for each intervention group and the control group was taken using a purposive sampling technique. Data collection in the form of weight measurements after pregnancy exercise which is measured 1 time / week for 3 consecutive weeks and measurement of blood sugar levels before and after pregnancy exercise. Bivariate analysis used the Independent T-test and Mann Whitney U. The results showed the influence of pregnancy exercises on body weight (p-value 0.04,) and there was no effect of pregnancy exercises on decreasing maternal blood sugar levels (p-value 0.404). It is recommended for midwives to socialize and improve health services, namely pregnancy exercises for pregnant women regularly and periodically, and provide counseling about the benefits and effects of pregnancy exercises on weight and blood sugar levels of third trimester pregnant women.

Design Non-Invasive of Blood Sugar Detector Prototypes Using Cellular Technology GPS-Based

Patients with diabetes mellitus need regular blood sugar levels. This research aims to design a blood sugar level detector without taking blood samples so that it will improve the comfort of patients with diabetes mellitus as long as the measurement process has been completed and the measurement results can be sent to the doctor or nurse’s cellular communication device and the ambulance unit using cellular technology.The sensor used is the IR204 infrared LED to transmit infrared light with a wavelength of 850940 nm and use PD204 photodiode for the receiver. Arduino Nano to be designed control all activities in the system, while for data communication using the GSM SIM800L module and the GPS module that is on a cell phone device. This tool is designed and calibrated to be able to measure blood glucose levels with a monitoring system that will later be measured and the location of the patient sent to the doctor’s cell phone by SMS format, the location diabetes mellitus patients obtained by this tool has an average distance of 3,8 meters from five times testing.The minimum measurements for all four samples with non-invasive techniques at 100 mg/dl blood sugar levels were measured with a minimum sensor reading of 65.600 and at a maximum sensor of 94.400, also at a blood sugar level of 102 mg/dl measured with a minimum sensor reading of 72.000 at a maximum sensor of 94.400.The novelty of this research lies in the measurement of blood sugar levels carried out in a noninvasive manner and utilizing GPS-based cellular technology on the prototype that was developed. Based on the accuracy and sensitivity values it can be concluded that a non-invasive blood glucose detector using an infrared IR204 LED sensor has been made to be used as an alternative tool for measuring blood sugar levels for diabetics so that the patient can control himself.

Effectiveness of Counseling to Increase Knowledge and Lower Blood Sugar Levels of Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Tompotikka Sub-district

There has been a growing perception in the community that a person has diabetes mellitus because one of his parents suffers from the disease. This experimental study provided a counseling about diabetes mellitus with the aim of increasing public knowledge about diabetes mellitus. It was expected that increased knowledge will change the pattern of life for the better, so that blood sugar could be controlled. Before the treatment was done pre-test and blood glucose measurement, while after the treatment was done post-test and the measurement of blood sugar level again. From the results of pre-test it appears that public knowledge about DM was still low. Post-test results showed that people's knowledge about all factors related to diabetes mellitus has increased. Meanwhile, the time span about one month after the implementation of counseling had managed to lower blood sugar from most respondents. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Blood sugar, Counseling, Knowledge

Effect of Cycling 20 Minutes of Blood Sugar Levels in Male Students of Senior High School 9 Tangerang 2015

Blood sugar levels is very important as an indicator of measurement associated with diabetes. The prevalence of diabetes that occurs during adolescence in Indonesia has increased, so it is important to maintain health condition to controlling blood sugar levels in the body since adolescence. Aerobic physical activity such as cycling can regulate and control blood sugar levels because it makes glucose as the body’s main energy source. This study aims to determine the effect of cycling for 20 minutes on blood sugar levels in male students of senior high school 9 Tangerang. This study design was quasi-experimental one group pre-test and post-test. The sample were 21 respondents selected by purposive sampling. Intervention was given by cycling for 20 minutes at speed approximately 25km/h. 2 hours before intervention was given, all respondents have breakfast together with the same menu. Measurement of blood sugar levels done before and after intervention. The results showed that cycling for 20 minutes affect changes in blood sugar levels significantly (p=0.000). The average reduction in blood sugar levels after the intervention is 25.0 mg / dl. Cycling for 20 minutes if done regularly can help keep blood sugar levels in the normal rate.

EFEKTIVITAS ANTIDIABETES EKSTRAK DAUN RAMBUSA (Passiflora foetida L.) PADA MENCIT (Mus musculus) DENGAN INDUKSI GLUKOSA

Passiflora foetida leaves used by the society for generations as a natural antidiabetic drug research aims to test the effectiveness of the leaf extract of Passiflora foetida with variations of a dose of 250 mg / kg, 500 mg / kg, and 750 mg / kg in lowering blood sugar levels in mice. Passiflora foetida leaves were extracted by sokhletasi method with 70% ethanol, the extract was tested on 15 mice, the test animals were randomized into 5 groups consist of negative control group given 0.5% Na-CMC, positive control group was given glibenclamide 0, 65 mg / kg, and the treatment group were given the leaf extract of Passiflorafoetida with variations of each dose of 250 mg / kg, 500 mg / kg, 750 mg / kg. To increase blood sugar levels in mice induced glucose 50%. Measurement of blood sugar levels in mice were performed using an easy touch glucometer and blood is taken via the lateral tail vein. The results showed that the percentage of blood sugar levels drop to a negative control is 13.1%, for a dose of 250 mg / kg body weight of 29.52%, for a dose of 500 mg / kg was 38.79%, to dosis750 mg / kg was 49, 21%, and 48.1% for the positive control. The results showed that the leaf extract of Passiflorafoetida at a dose of 750 mg / kg is most effective as an antidiabetic

Magnitude and determinants of glaucoma in type II diabetics: A hospital based cross-sectional study in Maharashtra, India.

Background:Glaucoma and diabetes have a common pathogenesis. We estimated the magnitude and determinants of glaucoma in adults with type II diabetes who presented to a tertiary level eye center in 2010.Study Type:A cross-sectional survey.Methods:Diabetes was diagnosed by history and measurement of blood sugar levels. Glaucoma was diagnosed by assessing optic disc morphology, visual fields, and intraocular pressure. Data were collected on patient demographics, clinical characteristics of diabetes and ocular status through interviews and measurements. The prevalence of glaucoma in diabetics was estimated, and variables were analyzed for an association to glaucoma. The 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Statistical significance was indicated by P < 0.05.Results:The study cohort was comprised of 841 diabetics. The mean age of the cohort was 53.8 ± 10.7 years. There were 320 (38%) females. The prevalence of glaucoma was 15.6% (95% CI: 13.1-18.1). More than 75% of the diabetics had no evidence of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Half of the diabetics with glaucoma had primary open angle glaucoma. The presence of glaucoma was significantly associated to the duration of diabetes (Chi-square = 10.1, degree of freedom = 3, P = 0.001). The presence of DR was not significantly associated to the presence of glaucoma (odds ratio [OR] = 1.4 [95% CI: 0.88-1.2]). The duration of diabetes (adjusted OR = 1.03) was an independent predictor of glaucoma in at least one eye.Conclusions:More than one-sixth of diabetics in this study had glaucoma. Opportunistic screening for glaucoma during DR screening results in an acceptable yield of glaucoma cases.

Physiotherapy for cystic fibrosis in Australia: Knowledge and acceptance of the Consensus Statement recommendations

In 2008, a Consensus Statement was published with the aim of optimizing physiotherapy management for people with cystic fibrosis (CF) in Australia. The aim of this study was to measure knowledge and acceptance of the Consensus Statement recommendations. All physiotherapists providing treatment to people with CF in Australia were invited to complete a purpose-designed online survey to assess knowledge and uptake of key treatment recommendations. Sixty-eight physiotherapists took part (response rate 49%). Knowledge of treatment recommendations was high for airway clearance (94%) and exercise assessment (76%). Most respondents agreed with these recommendations (airway clearance 97% agreement, exercise 68% agreement). A small number of respondents (18%) correctly identified the current recommendation to segregate patients with different organisms during airway clearance, with most respondents (73%) implementing stricter infection control policies. Low levels of knowledge and agreement were evident for recommendations regarding measurement of blood sugar levels during exercise (36% knowledge and 28% agreement) and delivery of dornase alfa (53% and 65%). Physiotherapists from specialist CF centres were more likely to know the recommendations for blood sugar level measurement during exercise (P = 0.014), dornase alfa (P = 0.001) and non-invasive ventilation (P = 0.07) compared with physiotherapists in other settings. Physiotherapists are aware of treatment recommendations for CF in common areas of practice such as airway clearance and exercise. However, knowledge of recommendations is lower for specialized areas of practice and outside of CF centres. Strategies to improve awareness and uptake of the Consensus Statement among physiotherapists outside of CF centres are required.

1705 - Prospective Evaluation of the Effect of a Manual for Diabetic Patients who Receive Cancer Chemotherapy

ABSTRACT Background How to safely administer cancer chemotherapy to patients with diabetes mellitus is an important issue. Our institution is a general core hospital in Japan. In 2010, we surveyed the current status of diabetic patients given cancer chemotherapy. Adequate medical examinations were not performed. In 2011, we designed a manual for diabetic patients who receive cancer chemotherapy. We now report an improvement in medical examinations of diabetic patients who receive cancer chemotherapy since introducing our manual. Methods We decided that adequate medical examinations should include the following: adequate measurement of blood sugar levels; evaluation of the patient by a diabetologist; making standards for decreasing the dose of steroids given before cancer chemotherapy; and making standards for nutritional guidance. We compared the present status (as of March 2012) with that before the introducing our manual for diabetic patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. Results The proportion of diabetic patients increased from 12% to 19%. The rate of measuring blood sugar levels at the start of new regimens of chemotherapy increased from 69% to 72%. The rate of adequate continuous monitoring of blood sugar levels increased from 48% to 81%. The rate of evaluation by a diabetologist increased from 36% to 50%. The rate of decreased premedication with steroids increased from 55% to 66%. The rate of providing nutritional guidance was unchanged (23% to 24%). Conclusions The rates of adequate continuous monitoring of blood sugar levels, decreasing premedication with steroids, and evaluation by a diabetologist improved. The increase in the proportion of diabetic patients was attributed to adequate blood sugar examinations. However, the low rate of providing of nutritional guidance remains an unsolved problem. Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

Sweet solution to sensing

Glucose meters allow rapid and quantitative measurement of blood sugar levels for diabetes sufferers worldwide. Now a new method allows this proven technology to be used to quantify a much wider range of analytes.

Development of a New Mobile HMS with Glucose Sensor in Disposable Vacuum Blood Extraction System for Blood Sugar Level Measurement

In this study, a mobile Health Monitoring System (HMS) for the diabetes patient is newly developed. Main subjects of this HMS design are (1) a painless microneedle with inner diameter less than 100 pm, (2) the vacuum blood extraction of 1 μl, and (3) measurement of blood sugar level by using MOS-FET and Glucose sensor. The vacuum blood extraction system with a microneedle and blood sugar sensor is set in a disposable disc cartridge. Simultaneously, the mechanism of vacuum blood extraction was analyzed, the blood flow rate was measured, and the performance of blood sugar sensor was evaluated. Finally, this HMS succeeded in extracting 3 μl of human blood within 0.3 sec and measuring the blood sugar level by the automatic operation.

The effect of patient teaching on compliance with sick role behavior of diabetic patients

This study examined the effect of patient teaching on Compliance with sick role behavior in diabetic patients. The purpose was to improve diabetic patients Compliance by D.M. patient teaching. The study objectives were to determine the effect of patient teaching on Compliance with sick role behavior, and factors influencing compliance with sick role behavior of diabetic patients. The subjects, consisting of 52 diabetic patients diagnosed in the C. and other hospitals in K. city were divided into experimental and control groups. Data were gathered from July 25th to September 3rd, 1988 through interviews by questionnaires, measurement of blood sugar level by Reflux. D.M. Patient teaching was defined as informational intervention of social support by the nurse. A booklet representing patient education and questionnaires were developed by the investigator, and were tested for Content validity, and reliability by Item Analysis: Cronbachs alpha for any instrument to measure variables was patient Compliance .83, perceived health belief .65, diabetic knowledge .70. Analysis of data were done by paired t-test, t-test, Anova, Pearson correlation, and Stepwise multiple regression. The results of the study may be summarized as follows: 1. The effect of patient teaching on Compliance with sick role behavior, on diabetic Knowledge and health belief was Confirmed by significant differences between the experimental and the control group before and after the experiments. (P = 000 P = 006, P = 004).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)