Measuring Blood Glucose Levels Research Articles

Correlation between Blood Glucose Level and Anthropometric Measurements among University Students at the University of Tripoli

The detection of risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) at an earlier age may help reduce or even prevent the future outcomes of this disease. To date, there has been no research conducted on university students regarding associated risk factors such as being overweight or obese in Libya. The aim of this study was to determine any correlation between serum glucose level and anthropometric measurements, age and family history of T2DM in students of the University of Tripoli. A cross-sectional study involving a survey questionnaire, anthropometric measurement and blood glucose levels taken from 246 University students (aged 18-43). Recruitment was carried out from July 15 to August 1, 2024 at the research laboratory in the Faulty of Medical Technology at the University of Tripoli. The Pearson correlation test showed a positive correlation between the level of blood glucose and hip circumference [r= 0.139, P= 0.029]. The only other two risk factors that were close to the level of statistically significance were weight [r= 0.115, P= 0.071] and BMI [r= 0.117, P= 0.067]. T2DM might be prevented or mitigated by encouraging young adults in particular to keep hip circumference in the normal range.

Coral-like Ti3C2Tx/PANI Binary Nanocomposite Wearable Enzyme Electrochemical Biosensor for Continuous Monitoring of Human Sweat Glucose

With the continuous advancement of contemporary medical technology, an increasing number of individuals are inclined towards self-monitoring their physiological health information, specifically focusing on monitoring blood glucose levels. However, as an emerging flexible sensing technique, continuous and non-invasive monitoring of glucose in sweat offers a promising alternative to conventional invasive blood tests for measuring blood glucose levels, reducing the risk of infection associated with blood testing. In this study, we fabricated a flexible and wearable electrochemical enzyme sensor based on a two-dimensional Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets and coral-like polyaniline (PANI) binary nanocomposite (denoted as Ti3C2Tx/PANI) for continuous, non-invasive, real-time monitoring of sweat glucose. The exceptional conductivity of Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets, in conjunction with the mutual doping effect facilitated by coral-like PANI, significantly enhances electrical conductivity and specific surface areas of Ti3C2Tx/PANI. Consequently, the fabricated sensor exhibits remarkable sensitivity (25.16 μA·mM−1·cm−2), a low detection limit of glucose (26 μM), and an extensive detection range (0.05 mM ~ 1.0 mM) in sweat. Due to the dense coral-like structure of Ti3C2Tx/PANI binary nanocomposite, a larger effective area is obtained to offer more active sites for enzyme immobilization and enhancing enzymatic catalytic activity. Moreover, the sensor demonstrates exceptional mechanical performance, enabling a 60° bend in practical applications, thus satisfying the rigorous demands of human sweat detection applications. The results obtained from continuous 60 min in vitro monitoring of sweat glucose levels demonstrate a robust correlation with the data of blood glucose levels collected by a commercial glucose meter. Furthermore, the fabricated Ti3C2Tx/PANI/GOx sensor demonstrated agreement with HPLC findings regarding the actual concentration of added glucose. This study presents an efficient and practical approach for the development of a highly reliable MXene glucose biosensor, enabling stable and long-term monitoring of glucose levels in human sweat.

Effect of Trichosanthes cucumerina Methanol Extract on CRP and Fibrinogen Levels in Diabetic Ulcer Rat Models

Diabetic ulcers can be fatal for people with long-term diabetes. This is caused by the spread of diabetic ulcers and inadequate care for the wound, which can induce an infection and even death. This study aims to determine inflammatory markers, specifically fibrinogen and C-Reactive Protein (CRP), as indicators of healing, particularly in a rat model of diabetic ulcers treated with Trichosanthes cucumerina methanol extract. The methods used were making extracts, measuring blood glucose levels, measuring CRP, and measuring fibrinogen levels in 25 male Wistar rats. Based on the results of glucose and fibrinogen examinations in all groups before treatment and after treatment, it showed a decrease in glucose and fibrinogen levels. Meanwhile, the results of CRP examinations, before and after treatment did not show any differences. The results of statistical analysis showed that there was a significant difference of p<0.05 in pre and post glucose, as well as pre and post fibrinogen.The extract that reduced fibrinogen levels the most was group 3 with 500 mg/KgBW. Meanwhile, CRP levels before and after treatment did not show a decrease.

A-341 Precision Evaluation of the i-STAT® Glucose Test in the i-STAT G Cartridge using thei-STAT 1 System for Venous, Arterial and Capillary Whole Blood Specimens in Clinical Settings

Abstract Background Precise and accurate measurements of whole blood glucose levels are important for the diagnosis and treatment of patients suffering from diabetes and hypoglycemia. This study demonstrates the precision of the i-STAT G cartridge with the i-STAT 1 System in arterial, venous, or capillary whole blood in point of care or clinical laboratory settings. Methods The precision of the i-STAT G cartridge was assessed at external clinical sites by intended end users with whole blood specimens across the measurement range of 20 - 700 mg/dL. The study included testing venous whole blood samples from 154 adult (≥ 18 years) patients and arterial whole blood samples from 173 adult patients at three clinical sites. Each whole blood sample was run in duplicate on the i-STAT G cartridge. In addition, 139 capillary whole blood specimens from both adult subjects and neonate subjects (birth - 28 days) were collected and tested for capillary whole blood precision. Duplicate fingerstick draws were collected in capillary tubes from 119 adult subjects at two clinical sites and duplicate heel-stick specimens were collected in capillary tubes from 20 neonate subjects at two clinical sites. Specimens used in this study were prospectively collected venous, arterial, or capillary specimens under an Institutional Review Board approved informed consent or were de-identified leftover venous or arterial specimens. For each specimen type, duplicates from each subject were grouped into subintervals based on their mean values. The subintervals included the glucose medical decision levels of 45 mg/dL, 120 mg/dL and 180 mg/dL. The estimates of the pooled standard deviation (SD) and pooled coefficient of variation (%CV), as well as their respective 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for each subinterval (20-90 mg/dL, >90-150 mg/dL, >150-250 mg/dL, >250-700 mg/dL or >250-400 mg/dL and >400-700 mg/dL, as applicable). The precision estimates for each subinterval were compared against an acceptance criteria of the greater of 3 mg/dL or 5% of the mean (mg/dL) of the subinterval. Results The whole blood precision was found to be less than or equal to 5.00 %CV for all subintervals for each specimen type. For venous specimens, the %CV ranged from 0.35% to 0.43%; for arterial specimens the %CV ranged from 0.26% to 0.46% and for capillary specimens (adult and neonate combined), the %CV ranged from 1.38% to 2.71%. Conclusions The study demonstrated that the i-STAT Glucose test in the i-STAT G cartridge when tested using the i-STAT 1 System delivers precise results within ∼2 minutes for venous, arterial, and capillary whole blood patient specimens across a glucose range of 20 - 700 mg/dL when tested by end users in a point of care or clinical laboratory setting. The studies were funded by Abbott Laboratories.

A-328 Accuracy of the Glucose Test in the i-STAT® G Cartridge Using the i-STAT 1 System for Venous, Arterial and Capillary Whole Blood Specimens in Clinical Settings

Abstract Background Precise and accurate measurements of whole blood glucose levels are important for the diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of carbohydrate metabolism disorders, such as diabetes and hypoglycemia. This study demonstrates the accuracy of the glucose test in the i-STAT G cartridge with the i-STAT 1 System in arterial, venous, and capillary whole blood specimens in point of care or clinical laboratory settings. Methods The accuracy of the glucose test in the i-STAT G cartridge was assessed at external clinical sites in a method comparison study using whole blood specimens across the measurement range of 20 - 700 mg/dL. Specimens used in this study were venous, arterial, and capillary specimens prospectively collected under Institutional Review Board-approved informed consent or were leftover de-identified venous or arterial specimens. The study included venous whole blood samples from 164 adult subjects (≥ 18 years) and arterial whole blood samples from 173 adult subjects at 3 clinical sites, and capillary whole blood samples from 211 adult subject at 3 clinicals sites and 23 neonate subjects (birth to 28 days) at 2 clinical sites. For venous and arterial whole blood, samples were collected and tested in duplicate on the i-STAT G cartridge and on the i-STAT CHEM8+ cartridge (comparator). For capillary whole blood samples, adult fingerstick samples and neonate heel-stick samples were collected in capillary tubes and tested in singlicate on the i-STAT G cartridge and in singlicate on the epoc® Blood Analysis System (comparator). Passing-Bablok linear regression was performed for venous and arterial whole blood samples using the first replicate from the i-STAT G cartridge versus the mean result of the comparator, and for capillary whole blood samples (adult and neonate combined) using the singlicate result from the i-STAT G cartridge versus the singlicate result of the comparator. Results Passing-Bablok regression of i-STAT G cartridge results versus the comparator was used to calculate slope and correlation coefficient (r). Adult venous whole blood results had slope = 1.00 and r = 1.00, and adult arterial whole blood results had slope = 1.00 and r = 1.00. Adult and neonate capillary whole blood results had slope = 1.00 and r = 1.00. Conclusions These results demonstrate that the i-STAT 1 System delivers accurate glucose test results within ∼2 minutes using the i-STAT G cartridge for venous, arterial and capillary whole blood samples for adult and neonate subjects across a glucose range of 20-700 mg/dL when tested by end-users in a point of care or clinical laboratory setting. This study was funded by Abbott Laboratories.

Comparative Study on Precision and Interference of Maltose and Vitamin C among three Glucometers Commonly Used in United Arab Emirates [U.A.E

Aim: To evaluate the suitability of commercially available glucometers in the UAE in terms of accurate and reliable blood glucose measurements. Background: Portable glucometers are employed for measuring blood glucose levels, offering distinct advantages such as providing instant results and being user-friendly when compared to laboratory reference analyzers. However, certain molecules, such as those found in medications, can interfere with the accuracy of glucometer readings. Objective: To evaluate the precision and interference in the presence of maltose and vitamin C of three glucometers commercially available in the UAE. Results: Accu-Chek InstantTM demonstrated the highest precision among the glucometers tested, with a coefficient of variation of less than 5% for all measured glucose values. In contrast, OneTouch Select Plus FlexTM and Trister GlucoscanTM exhibited higher variability in precision, with coefficients of variation of 11.4% and 11%, respectively. Accu-Chek InstantTM consistently performed well in terms of bias and precision in the presence of interferences, and does not display glucose readings above 50mg/dL of Vitamin C. Notably, Ascorbic acid induced a greater bias compared to Maltose for all three glucometers. Methods: We utilized plasma samples to conduct two types of experiments: a precision experiment and an interference experiment. We compared the precision of three glucometer brands available in the United Arab Emirates [Accu-Chek InstantTM, One Touch Select Plus FlexTM, and Trister GlucoScanTM] in the presence or not of various interfering molecules, such as Maltose and Ascorbic Acid [Vitamin C]. Conclusion: The performance of the glucometer is affected by its testing methodology. Accu-Chek InstantTM shows improved precision and is able to detect the presence of Vitamin C. When it comes to Maltose interference, it results in a higher bias change but lower variability, which can be addressed by applying a correction factor.

Problems in screening for gestational diabetes mellitus by measurement of casual blood glucose levels at 24-28 gestational weeks.

This study aimed to evaluate the problems in screening for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) by casual blood glucose (CBG) measurements at 24-28 gestational weeks. Overall, 763 pregnant women who underwent the 50-g glucose challenge test (GCT) at 24-28 gestational weeks were enrolled. The preload blood glucose (0-h BG) level of 50-g GCT was considered as CBG. A total of 240 women with BG levels at 1-h after loading (1-h BG) on 50-g GCT ≥140 mg/dL underwent the 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, and 98 (40.8%) were diagnosed with GDM. Of the 99 women with GDM, 71 (71.7%) had 0-h BG on 50-g GCT <100 mg/dL. This study, where pregnant women underwent both CBG and 50-g GCT simultaneously, showed that when CBG at 24-28 gestational weeks ≥100 mg/dL alone was used for screening GDM, many pregnant women with GDM were overlooked.

Fasting blood glucose level and risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in peritoneal dialysis patients.

Glycemic control is crucial in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients with diabetes. Although fasting blood glucose (FBG) is the most commonly used index to measure blood glucose levels, there is currently no evidence supporting the association between FBG level and mortality risk in PD patients. A total of 3548 diabetic PD patients between 2002 and 2018 were enrolled from the National Health Insurance Service database of Korea. We investigated the association between FBG levels and the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Patients with FBG levels 80-99 mg/dL exhibited the highest survival rates, whereas those with FBG levels ≥180 mg/dL had the lowest survival rates. Compared with FBG levels 80-99 mg/dL, the adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence interval for all-cause mortality significantly increased as follows: 1.02 (0.87-1.21), 1.41 (1.17-1.70), 1.44 (1.18-2.75), and 2.05 (1.73-2.42) for patients with FBG 100-124 mg/dL, FBG 125-149 mg/dL, FBG 150-179 mg/dL, and FBG ≥180 mg/dL, respectively. The risk for all-cause mortality also showed an increasing pattern in patients with FBG levels <80 mg/L. The risk of cardiovascular death significantly increased as FBG levels exceeded 125 mg/dL. However, the risk of infection-related and malignancy-related deaths did not show a significant increase with increasing FBG levels. There was an increase in the risk of all-cause mortality as FBG levels exceeded 125 mg/dL in PD patients with diabetes, and the risk of cardiovascular death showed a strong correlation with FBG levels compared with other causes of death.

Effectiveness of aerobic exercise intervention and butterfly pea flower tea on reducing blood glucose levels in type II diabetes mellitus patients

The aim of this research is to analyze the effectiveness of the combination of aerobic exercise and butterfly pea flower tea as a therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus. This research uses experimental research methods with pre and post design. This research uses only one group as a sign of the existence of a comparison group. A total of 36 adult women suffering from Type II Diabetes Mellitus participated in this study. The inclusion criteria in this study were women suffering from type II diabetes mellitus. The exclusion criteria in this study were elderly women. The initial procedure in this research is preparing research administration. Next, screen respondents who are research subjects based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and fill out Informed Consent. Subjects took pre‑test data to measure blood glucose levels. Next, the intervention was carried out within 4 weeks and aerobic exercise treatment was carried out 8 times (2x/week) and butterfly pea flower tea intervention for Type II Diabetes Mellitus sufferers. Telang flower tea is packaged in the form of tea bags which already have BPOM. Subjects collected post‑test data to measure blood glucose levels. Blood glucose levels are measured using a Point Of Care Testing (POCT) device. The first statistical analysis in this research is a descriptive test to obtain the mean, standard deviation and standard error. Next, the normality test was carried out using the Shapiro‑Wilk method, if the data was normally distributed, a difference test was carried out using the paired t test, but if the data was not normally distributed then a difference test was carried out using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. The results of this study report that providing aerobic exercise and butterfly pea flower tea intervention for 4 weeks was able to significantly reduce blood glucose levels in DM sufferers. In this case, aerobic exercise and butterfly pea flower tea are categorized as effective in reducing blood glucose levels in people with type II diabetes mellitus. We hope that future research will examine the effects of exercise with varying intensity and giving butterfly pea flower tea.

Application of Progressive Muscle Relaxation Technique to Reduce Blood Glucose Levels in Elderly with Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease which is often found in the elderly caused by a degenerative process. Progressive muscle relaxation technique is one of the non-pharmacological therapy to decrease blood glucose levels in diabetes mellitus. This case study aimed to analyzed the effect of progressive muscle relaxation technique on problem of instability of blood glucose levels in elderly. This research design is case study. The sample of this research is one elderly who had diabetes mellitus type 2. The data collection by measuring blood glucose levels during pre-intervention in the morning and post-intervention in the afternoon. The elderly had intervention twice a day for 20 minutes and forward until 5 days. Data collected and processed by using statistical T-test dependent. The elderly with diabetes mellitus type 2 given progressive muscle relaxation technique experienced a decrease in blood glucose levels from pre to post intervention with p-value 0.005 which means it is significant. The application of progressive muscle relaxation technique given to the elderly affect to decrease blood glucose levels in the outcome of pre and post intervention.

Testing the Quality of the Mobile Application Interface Using Various Methods—A Case Study of the T1DCoach Application

The T1DCoach mobile application is designed to educate patients—children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and their caregivers and diabetes educators. The idea behind the mobile application is that its users perform actions that the patient needs to perform in real life. These include measuring blood glucose levels, operating the insulin pump, meal calculation, bolus administration, etc. These in-application activities are performed on the patient’s digital twin. To increase user engagement, gamification elements have been implemented in the application. An important element of the T1DCoach mobile application is its interface, which should be adapted to very different groups of users: children, their caregivers and educators. In addition to presenting the T1DCoach application, the paper presents the stage examining the quality of the interface using three research groups: children, their caregivers and educators. The research was conducted using the scenario method, using eye-tracking, recording activities and thinking aloud. After the application testing sessions, surveys were carried out using the System Usability Scale method and focus group interviews were conducted. The research results are presented in the article along with the most important recommendations for improving the application interface.

Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring to Passively Classify Naturalistic Binge Eating and Vomiting Among Adults With Binge-Spectrum Eating Disorders: A Preliminary Investigation.

Binge eating and self-induced vomiting are common, transdiagnostic eating disorder (ED) symptoms. Efforts to understand these behaviors in research and clinical settings have historically relied on self-report measures, which may be biased and have limited ecological validity. It may be possible to passively detect binge eating and vomiting using data collected by continuous glucose monitors (CGMs; minimally invasive sensors that measure blood glucose levels), as these behaviors yield characteristic glucose responses. This study developed machine learning classification algorithms to classify binge eating and vomiting among 22 adults with binge-spectrum EDs using CGM data. Participants wore Dexcom G6 CGMs and reported eating episodes and disordered eating symptoms using ecological momentary assessment for 2 weeks. Group-level random forest models were generated to distinguish binge eating from typical eating episodes and to classify instances of vomiting. The binge eating model had accuracy of 0.88 (95% CI: 0.83, 0.92), sensitivity of 0.56, and specificity of 0.90. The vomiting model demonstrated accuracy of 0.79 (95% CI: 0.62, 0.91), sensitivity of 0.88, and specificity of 0.71. Results suggest that CGM may be a promising avenue for passively classifying binge eating and vomiting, with implications for innovative research and clinical applications.

Inhibition of dynamin-related protein 1-filamin interaction improves systemic glucose metabolism.

Maintaining mitochondrial quality is attracting attention as a new strategy to treat diabetes and diabetic complications. We previously reported that mitochondrial hyperfission by forming a protein complex between dynamin-related protein (Drp) 1 and filamin, mediates chronic heart failure and cilnidipine, initially developed as an L/N-type Ca2+ channel blocker, improves heart failure by inhibiting Drp1-filamin protein complex. We investigated whether cilnidipine improves hyperglycaemia of various diabetic mice models. Retrospective analysis focusing on haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was performed in hypertensive and hyperglycaemic patients taking cilnidipine and amlodipine. After developing diabetic mice by streptozotocin (STZ) treatment, an osmotic pump including drug was implanted intraperitoneally, followed by weekly measurements of blood glucose levels. Mitochondrial morphology was analysed by electron microscopy. A Ca2+ channel-insensitive cilnidipine derivative (1,4-dihydropyridine [DHP]) was synthesized and its pharmacological effect was evaluated using obese (ob/ob) mice fed with high-fat diet (HFD). In patients, cilnidipine was superior to amlodipine in HbA1c lowering effect. Cilnidipine treatment improved systemic hyperglycaemia and mitochondrial morphological abnormalities in STZ-exposed mice, without lowering blood pressure. Cilnidipine failed to improve hyperglycaemia of ob/ob mice, with suppressing insulin secretion. 1,4-DHP improved hyperglycaemia and mitochondria abnormality in ob/ob mice fed HFD. 1,4-DHP and cilnidipine improved basal oxygen consumption rate of HepG2 cells cultured under 25 mM glucose. Inhibition of Drp1-filamin protein complex formation becomes a new strategy for type 2 diabetes treatment.

Identifying Predictor Variables for a Composite Risk Prediction Tool for Gestational Diabetes and Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: A Modified Delphi Study.

A composite cardiometabolic risk prediction tool will support the systematic identification of women at increased cardiometabolic risk during pregnancy to enable early screening and intervention. This study aims to identify and select predictor variables for a composite risk prediction tool for cardiometabolic risk (gestational diabetes mellitus and/or hypertensive disorders of pregnancy) for use in the first trimester. A two-round modified online Delphi study was undertaken. A prior systematic literature review generated fifteen potential predictor variables for inclusion in the tool. Multidisciplinary experts (n = 31) rated the clinical importance of variables in an online survey and nominated additional variables for consideration (Round One). An online meeting (n = 14) was held to deliberate the importance, feasibility and acceptability of collecting variables in early pregnancy. Consensus was reached in a second online survey (Round Two). Overall, 24 variables were considered; 9 were eliminated, and 15 were selected for inclusion in the tool. The final 15 predictor variables related to maternal demographics (age, ethnicity/race), pre-pregnancy history (body mass index, height, history of chronic kidney disease/polycystic ovarian syndrome, family history of diabetes, pre-existing diabetes/hypertension), obstetric history (parity, history of macrosomia/pre-eclampsia/gestational diabetes mellitus), biochemical measures (blood glucose levels), hemodynamic measures (systolic blood pressure). Variables will inform the development of a cardiometabolic risk prediction tool in subsequent research. Evidence-based, clinically relevant and routinely collected variables were selected for a composite cardiometabolic risk prediction tool for early pregnancy.

Physiological responses to a changing winter climate in an early spring-breeding amphibian.

Climate change is swiftly altering environmental winter conditions, leading to significant ecological impacts such as phenological shifts in many species. As a result, animals might face physiological mismatches due to longer or earlier activity periods and are at risk of being exposed to late spring freezes. Our study points for the first time to the complex physiological challenges that amphibians face as a result of changing thermal conditions due to winter climate change. We investigated the physiological responses to a period of warmer winter days and sudden spring freeze in the common toad (Bufo bufo) by acclimating them to 4°C or 8°C for 48 h or exposing them to 4°C or -2°C for 6 h, respectively. We assessed the daily energy demands, determined body condition and cold tolerance, explored the molecular responses to freezing through hepatic tissue transcriptome analysis, and measured blood glucose levels. Toads acclimated to higher temperatures showed a higher daily energy expenditure and a reduced cold tolerance suggesting faster depletion of energy stores and the loss of winter acclimation during warmer winters. Blood sugar levels were higher in frozen toads indicating the mobilization of cryoprotective glucose with freezing which was further supported by changed patterns in proteins related to glucose metabolism. Overall, our results emphasize that increased thermal variability incurs physiological costs that may reduce energy reserves and thus affect amphibian health and survival. This might pose a serious threat to breeding adults and may have subsequent effects at the population level.

NIR-Based Electronic Platform for Glucose Monitoring for the Prevention and Control of Diabetes Mellitus.

The glucose level in the blood is measured through invasive methods, causing discomfort in the patient, loss of sensitivity in the area where the sample is obtained, and healing problems. This article deals with the design, implementation, and evaluation of a device with an ESP-WROOM-32D microcontroller with the application of near-infrared photospectroscopy technology that uses a diode array that transmits between 830 nm and 940 nm to measure glucose levels in the blood. In addition, the system provides a webpage for the monitoring and control of diabetes mellitus for each patient; the webpage is hosted on a local Linux server with a MySQL database. The tests are conducted on 120 people with an age range of 35 to 85 years; each person undergoes two sample collections with the traditional method and two with the non-invasive method. The developed device complies with the ranges established by the American Diabetes Association: presenting a measurement error margin of close to 3% in relation to traditional blood glucose measurement devices. The purpose of the study is to design and evaluate a device that uses non-invasive technology to measure blood glucose levels. This involves constructing a non-invasive glucometer prototype that is then evaluated in a group of participants with diabetes.

LncRNA MALAT1 facilitates BM-MSCs differentiation into endothelial cells and ameliorates erectile dysfunction via the miR-206/CDC42/PAK1/paxillin signalling axis

BackgroundErectile dysfunction (ED) is a common male sexual dysfunction, with an increasing incidence, and the current treatment is often ineffective.MethodsVascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFA) was used to treat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), and their cell migration rates were determined by Transwell assays. The expression of the von Willebrand Factor (vWF)VE-cadherin, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS) endothelial markers was determined by qRT‒PCR and Western blot analyses. The MALAT1-induced differentiation of BM-MCs to ECs via the CDC42/PAK1/paxillin pathway was explored by transfecting VEGFA-induced BM-MSC with si-MALAT1 and overexpressing CDC42 and PAK1. The binding capacity between CDC42, PAK1, and paxillin in VEGFA-treated and non-VEGFA-treated BM-MSCs was examined by protein immunoprecipitation. MiR-206 was overexpressed in VEGFA-induced BM-MSC, and the binding sites of MALAT1, miR-206, and CDC42 were identified using a luciferase assay. Sixty male Sprague‒Dawley rats were divided into six groups (n = 10/group). DMED modelling was demonstrated by APO experiments and was assessed by measuring blood glucose levels. Erectile function was assessed by measuring the intracavernosa pressure (ICP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP). Penile erectile tissue was analysed by qRT‒PCR, Western blot analysis, and immunohistochemical staining.ResultsMALAT1 under VEGFA treatment conditions regulates the differentiation of BM-MSCs into ECs by modulating the CDC42/PAK1/paxillin axis. In vitro experiments demonstrated that interference with CDC42 and MALAT1 expression inhibited the differentiation of BM-MSCs to ECs. CDC42 binds to PAK1, and PAK1 binds to paxillin. In addition, CDC42 in the VEGFA group had a greater ability to bind to PAK1, whereas PAK1 in the VEGFA group had a greater ability to bind to paxillin. Overexpression of miR-206 in VEGFA-induced BM-MSCs demonstrated that MALAT1 competes with the CDC42 3’-UTR for binding to miR-206, which in turn is involved in the differentiation of BM-MSCs to ECs. Compared to the DMED model group, the ICP/MAP ratio was significantly greater in the three BM-MSCs treatment groups.ConclusionsMALAT1 facilitates BM-MSC differentiation into ECs by regulating the miR-206/CDC42/PAK1/paxillin axis to improve ED. The present findings revealed the vital role of MALAT1 in the repair of BM-MSCs for erectile function and provided new mechanistic insights into the BM-MSC-mediated repair of DMED.

Secure System with Security Protocol for Interactions in Healthcare Internet of Things

The Internet of Things is a network of connected devices that can communicate and share data over the Internet. These devices often have sensors that collect data for various purposes, such as usage statistics, data processing, or performing specific actions based on the collected data. Also, medical Internet of Things devices are crucial in monitoring critical functions, measuring blood glucose levels, indicating when patients require medicine, and ensuring timely medication delivery. Communication in the Internet of Things is demanding, requiring diverse protocols that address communication security concerns. These protocols must be robust and secure, considering technical factors such as the network’s objective, energy requirements, and the nature of the communication because they can be exploited. This paper proposes an innovative system with a security protocol that supports and improves communication security in modern Internet of Things networks. The protocol aims to enhance communication safety between interconnected devices for information exchange in medicine or healthcare, ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of sent data and devices. The proposed protocol, tested through formal and automated verification, meets all security goals, including identity verification, anonymity protection, and access revokement. It also protects against Man-in-the-middle, modification, replay, and impersonation attacks.

Reliability of Early Detection of Venous Flap Congestion by Measuring Blood Glucose Level in Albino rat; Experimental study

Reliability of Early Detection of Venous Flap Congestion by Measuring Blood Glucose Level in Albino rat; Experimental study

Penyuluhan Kesehatan dan Pemeriksaan kadar Gula Darah untuk Skrining Diabetes Melitus

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease that is a global health problem whose numbers continue to increase. DM has the highest prevalence and causes more severe disease complications such as heart disease and stroke, which often cause death throughout the world. Proper prevention and treatment will reduce the impact or risk of unwanted complications. This health education activity was carried out to increase public knowledge and understanding about DM disease and how to screen to detect DM disease among residents of Pangkah Hamlet. The extension activity method begins with giving a pretest, then continues with the delivery of material and discussion, then ends with a posttest. Next, a health examination is carried out, namely measuring blood glucose levels. Extension activities are carried out in five stages: preparation of location surveys, preparation and preparation of proposals, implementation, evaluation, and reporting. The preparation stage for a location survey consists of field observations. The preparation and proposal preparation stage consists of collecting material, preparing the proposal, and preparing the material. The stages of implementing the activities are pretest, counseling material, and discussion. The evaluation stages include posttest and report preparation. The target of this activity is women residents of Pangkah hamlet Sumberagung, Jetis, Bantul, and Yogyakarta. The results of the participants knowledge test about DM before and after the activity were carried out, with good results increasing from 83.33% to 100%, with an average pretest score of 81.67 and posttest score of 93.61. The results of the blood sugar level screening (GDS) showed that the majority were below 200 mg/dl, namely 34 participants (94.44%). From these results, it can be concluded that this community service activity was able to increase knowledge about DM among women residents of Pangkah hamlet and the results of the initial DM screening were in the normal range.