Measure Of Compatibility Research Articles

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ASPHALTENES, HEITHAUS COMPATIBILITY PARAMETERS, AND ASPHALT VISCOSITY

ABSTRACT Historically, asphalt rheology has been described in terms of a colloidal model, which depicts asphalts as dispersions of asphaltenes in petrolenes (maltenes). The model leads to a classification of asphalts into sol, gel, or intermediate categories. Sol and gel type asphalts exhibit differences in physical and chemical behavior. Sol asphalts also are described as compatible, while gel asphalts are described as non-compatible. The relative viscosity of an asphalt, defined as the quotient of the viscosity of the whole asphalt divided by the viscosity of the n-heptane soluble maltene fraction at a given temperature and rate of shear is one measure of asphalt compatibility. Based on this definition of compatibility, asphalts with low values of relative viscosity are designated as compatible and higher values of relative viscosity are designated as incompatible. Asphalt compatibility is also related to the asphaltene content, where asphalts with low asphaltene content are designated as compatible. It is claimed that the Heithaus parameters also are measures of asphalt compatibility. Therefore there should be a relationship between relative viscosities (πrel), Heithaus parameters, and n-heptane asphaltene volume fractions ( φn-heptane)- Such a relationship has been derived assuming that the Heithaus pa parameter is numerically equivalent to α in the Pal-Rhodes equation.

Health Correlates of Compatibility and Attachment in Human-Companion Animal Relationships

AbstractThe relationship between animal ownership and owners' health has received increasing attention in the recent human-companion animal literature. This article considers a new aspect of the human-companion animal relationship, that of compatibility between pet and owner. Compatibility is viewed as the fit between the animal and the owner on physical, behavioral, and psychological dimensions. A postal survey was used to test the hypothesis that compatibility has influences on physical and mental health that are independent of those due to owners' level ofpet attachment and human social support. A sample group of 176 pet owners completed a questionnaire containing a new measure of compatibility as well as standard measures of pet attachment, human social support, and mental and physical health. Results of multiple regression analyses indicated that people who are relatively more compatible with their pets report better mental health overall and fewer physical symptoms. Social support was positively associated with mental health. Pet attachment was also positively associated with mental health, but negatively with physical health.

The index of teaching stress: A measure of student-teacher compatibility

Student-teacher compatibility has been defined as the degree to which the capacities, motivations, and style of behaving of a student are compatible with the expectations, demands, and other characteristics of his or her teacher. Despite its conceptual appeal, student-teacher compatibility has been a difficult construct to operationalize and quantify. As a consequence, measures of student-teacher compatibility are scarce. In this article, we suggest that “teaching stress” be conceptualized as one possible gauge of student-teacher compatibility, in the same manner that parenting stress can be construed as an index of parent-child compatibility. We introduce the Index of Teaching Stress (ITS), an instrument distinguished by its focus on the stress experienced by a teacher in interactions with a specific student rather than on more global aspects of teacher stress assessed by existing measures. The potential practical and research applications of the ITS are also discussed.

Hyperparameter Selection for Self-Organizing Maps

The self-organizing map (SOM) algorithm for finite data is derived as an approximate maximum a posteriori estimation algorithm for a gaussian mixture model with a gaussian smoothing prior, which is equivalent to a generalized deformable model (GDM). For this model, objective criteria for selecting hyperparameters are obtained on the basis of empirical Bayesian estimation and cross-validation, which are representative model selection methods. The properties of these criteria are compared by simulation experiments. These experiments show that the cross-validation methods favor more complex structures than the expected log likelihood supports, which is a measure of compatibility between a model and data distribution. On the other hand, the empirical Bayesian methods have the opposite bias.

Protein fold recognition using sequence‐derived predictions

In protein fold recognition, one assigns a probe amino acid sequence of unknown structure to one of a library of target 3D structures. Correct assignment depends on effective scoring of the probe sequence for its compatibility with each of the target structures. Here we show that, in addition to the amino acid sequence of the probe, sequence-derived properties of the probe sequence (such as the predicted secondary structure) are useful in fold assignment. The additional measure of compatibility between probe and target is the level of agreement between the predicted secondary structure of the probe and the known secondary structure of the target fold. That is, we recommend a sequence-structure compatibility function that combines previously developed compatibility functions (such as the 3D-1D scores of Bowie et al. [1991] or sequence-sequence replacement tables) with the predicted secondary structure of the probe sequence. The effect on fold assignment of adding predicted secondary structure is evaluated here by using a benchmark set of proteins (Fischer et al., 1996a). The 3D structures of the probe sequences of the benchmark are actually known, but are ignored by our method. The results show that the inclusion of the predicted secondary structure improves fold assignment by about 25%. The results also show that, if the true secondary structure of the probe were known, correct fold assignment would increase by an additional 8-32%. We conclude that incorporating sequence-derived predictions significantly improves assignment of sequences to known 3D folds. Finally, we apply the new method to assign folds to sequences in the SWISSPROT database; six fold assignments are given that are not detectable by standard sequence-sequence comparison methods; for two of these, the fold is known from X-ray crystallography and the fold assignment is correct.

THE VALIDITY OF A MEASURE OF JOB COMPATIBILITY IN THE PREDICTION OF JOB PERFORMANCE AND TURNOVER OF MOTION PICTURE THEATER PERSONNEL

The predictive validity of a measure of job compatibility was studied for theater personnel. Scores on a forced‐choice instrument, developed from the Job Compatibility Questionnaire (JCQ), predicted employee performance (r = .22, p< .05), turnover (r = ‐.35, p< .01), and scores on a “value composite” (reflecting a combination of job performance and employee retention criteria) as defined by the research sponsor (P = .41, p< .01). Furthermore, job compatibility scores explained a statistically significant increment in turnover and value composite score variance when analyzed concomitantly with verbal and numerical ability test scores. Finally, job compatibility scores were shown to be nonredundant with hiring decisions based on an application review, reference check, and interview, whereas the cognitive ability test scores shared considerable redundancy with hiring decisions based on the current selection system.

A comparison of the monocyte monolayer assay with 51chromium red cell recovery for determining the clinical significance of red cell alloantibodies

Abstract The 51chromium (51Cr) red cell recovery study is a reliable measure of transfusion compatibility. However, the monocyte monolayer assay (MMA) does not require the use of radioactive isotopes or the injection of incompatible RBCs. In this study, 51Cr recoveries were performed on 12 patients with well-defined antibodies, and the results compared to the MMA procedure. The MMA method was interpreted by counting the percentage of monocytes with associated RBCs (>3% = positive). The MMA correlated with the 51Cr recovery in 11 of 12 subjects. One anti-K1 that caused moderately accelerated red cell destruction (60% recovery at 24 hours) had a negative MMA. Four control subjects with no atypical antibodies had normal autologous RBC 51Cr recoveries and were negative by the MMA technique. The MMA test can be a reliable predictor of in vivo antibody behavior and an acceptable alternative to 51Cr recovery studies. Immunohematology 1994;10:90–94.

An algorithm for leukaemia immunophenotype pattern recognition.

Since leukaemia-specific leucocyte antigen has not been identified to date, the immunological diagnosis of leukaemia is achieved through the application of a wide set of monoclonal antibodies specific for surface markers on leukaemic cells. Thus, the interpretation of leukaemia immunophenotype seems to be a mathematically determined comparison of 'what we found' and 'what we know' about it. The objective of this study was to establish an algorithm for transformation of empirical rules into mathematical values to achieve proper decisions. Recognition of leukaemia phenotype was performed by comparison of phenotyping data with reference data, followed by scoring of such comparisons. Systematic scoring resulted in the formation of new numerical variables allocated to each state, whereas a most significant variable was described as a complex measure of compatibility. A system of recognized states was described by mathematical variables measuring the confidence of information systems, i.e. maximal, total and relative entropy. The entire algorithm was derived by matrix algebra and coded in a high-level program language. The list of the states recognized appeared to be especially helpful in differential diagnosis, occasionally pointing to states that had not been in the scientist's mind at the start of the analysis.

Response Time as a Measure of Compatibility for Linear Displays with Rotary Controls

Forty subjects responded to a set of 64 different combinations of linear displays and rotary controls presented by photographic slides. The subject's task was to rotate a control to increase the numerical value on the display. It was expected that response time for an arrangement having a strong stereotype would be faster than one with a weaker stereotype. Data showed there a strong relationship between these two measures of compatibility for horizontal displays with controls either on the top or bottom of the display; there was no significant relationship for any of the vertical layouts. Comparing horizontal and vertical displays, the average response times were 1.25 and 1.55 seconds and average stereotype strengths were .86 and .73, respectively. Thus on both criteria, horizontal displays were superior to vertical displays. Response time was found to be dependent on the magnitude of the component principle making the greatest contribution to the strength of the overall stereotype. In the case of horizontal displays this was the clockwise-to-right principle; for vertical displays it was Warrick's principle or, if this was not applicable, the scale-side principle.

Blends of polycarbonate and poly(hexamethylene sebacate): IV. Polymer blend intrinsic viscosity behavior and its relationship to solid-state blend compatibility

The intrinsic viscosities of blends of bisphenol-A polycarbonate and poly(hexamethylene sebacate) have been measured in chloroform as a function of blend composition for a variety of molecular weight species. The compatibility of the polymer blend mixtures is characterized by the parameter δb, from the Krigbaum and Wall theory. Using Tg of the blend as a measure of bulk solid-state compatibility, a correlation is obtained with the Krigbaum and Wall parameter δb for each of the molecular weight pairs studied. Slopes of the correlation are invariant, as expected, as the chemical composition is the same for the different molecular weight pairs studied.

Composite Parameters and Mechanical Compatibility of Material Joints

The elastic behaviour of a bimaterial interface with interfacial cracks, misfit dislocations and interfacial thermal stresses can be described in a simple manner by using the com posite parameters α and β, and the effective modulus of elasticity E*, assuming a plane deformation of ideally bonded isotropic materials. A coefficient KT for the thermally in duced stress intensity at the interface serves as a measure of the mechanical compatibility of two bonded materials. An examination of these parameters for many composite materials shows that the values of the composite parameters α and β are limited to a nar row range and that the material transition can be classified into six groups with regard to their mechanical compatibility.

Moral Relationships in the Fiction of Henry James

At the present time, any inquiry into the relationship between literature and morality is likely to go forward, as do so many other matters in our intellectual and public life, under the auspices of some conception of values. Whether the universal currency of this notion means that its import is well understood and can therefore be presupposed without any prior scrutiny is, of course, another matter. I suspect that this may not in fact be the case and that inquiries in which an unexamined notion of values plays a significant role will typically yield results that are at best problematic. At least one thing about values does seem reasonably plain, though, and that is that, as they are now generally understood, they always belong to someone. In literary contexts, the person to whom they belong may be the author or the narrator or the characters of a fiction or even the reader. Whoever it is, that person's values are thought of as something that he brings along with him and projects upon the various situations with which he has to deal. These situations are thereby construed in terms of an order of preferability and importance that is supposed to express what that person would be disposed to do and not do in them. In the more sociological variants of this conception, such values are typically assumed to be shared with the members of at least some social grouping, and a measure of compatibility in the responses of different people to a given situation is thus assured. When the concept of values takes on a more Nietzschean cast, however, there is no presumption of such compatibility, and the fact that a value is shared may even suggest that its espousal by a given individual is something less than an authentic exercise of a capacity for generating values that are uniquely one's own. What both these conceptions have in common is the notion that the situations on which these values-shared as well as idiosyncratic-are brought to bear are initially indeterminate with respect to any distinction between those features that are to count more and those that count less or not at all. It is, therefore, only as a result of applying some set of values to these situations that anything in them becomes good or bad,

On the nature of eclectic species—a tiered approach to genetic compatibility in the desmidMicrasterias thomasiana

The applicability of the concept of the biological species to the Desmidiaceae is investigated by interbreeding trials between sympatric and allopatric populations of the ubiquitous morphospecies Micrasterias thomasiana. A four-tiered system of testing is adopted, in which the degree of genetic relationship between strains is progressively adduced by the relative success in each of the series of tests, culminating in F1 interfertility and gene flow in backcrossing of F1 offspring to parental clones. The results indicate that sexual compatibility is more complex than simple heterothallism, and involves relative sexuality and probably a system akin to a gene complex with polygenic modifiers. The probable existence of syngens, or biological species, within the morphospecies is acknowledged, one of which has a considerable measure of intercontinental genetic compatibility within morphological boundaries consistent with the nomenclatural species but distinct from closely similar taxa. For an operational taxono...

The Strength of Conjunctive Explanations

Leddo, Abelson, and Gross (1984) reported two studies in which people rated conjunctions of two reasons as more likely explanations of event scenario outcomes than one or both of their component explanations even though objectively, the probability of a conjunction of two explanations can never exceed the probability of either of its component explanations. They interpreted this finding, "the conjunction effect," to mean that in general, conjunctive explanations are more persuasive than single explanations. The present article examines the results of those two studies plus four other studies in which conjunction effects occurred to find a mathematical model that can predict the conjoint explanation probability ratings from the probability ratings of their components. Several different models were evaluated according to two criteria: the number of parameters fitted and the multiple R of the model. The finding is that across all explanation triples (the conjoint explanation and its two component explanations), the relationship between the conjoint explanation probability ratings and their corresponding component ratings can best be expressed by the following formula: C = 1.15 G, where C is the conjoint explanation probability rating and G is the geometric mean of the component explanation probability ratings. This formula has a multiple R of .89, suggesting that this relationship is quite lawful. It is noted that finding the value ('conjunction coefficient') by which to multiply the geometric mean of the component ratings to predict the conjoint rating can serve as a measure of how well the component explanations combine or how compatible they are with each other in the given context. Similarly, comparing conjunction coefficients across several pairs of explanations can serve as a measure of the relative compatibility of different pairs of explanations. Implications of the conjunction coefficient model for the representativeness heuristic, the discounting principle, and the process of conjoint explanation are discussed.

Relationship between base station transmitter multicoupling requirements and frequency planning strategies for cellular mobile radio

Frequency assignment procedures in mobile radio systems generally aim at achieving a measure of intermodulation compatibility, and, in principle, provided sufficient numbers of channels are available and may be assigned with the minimum of restrictions, then this objective is achievable (at least as far as third-order products are concerned). However, in cellular systems, additional constraints are imposed by the need to multicouple cell centre base station transmitters on to a common an tenna, and this requirement sets a lower limit on the minimum frequency separation at cell centres, which, in turn, makes achievement of third-order compatible frequency plans extremely difficult. The paper examines the relationship between the minimum frequency separation for third-order compatibility and the number of available channels and cell cluster size, in order to identify optimum configurations.

Fluorescence study of polymer chain interpenetration and of the rate of phase separation in incompatible polymer blends

AbstractThe application of fluorescence techniques has been demonstrated for the study of four polymer problems: (a) If two different polymers are labeled with donor and acceptor fluorophores, respectively, which exhibit nonradiative energy transfer, the emission spectrum of their blends will depend on whether the two polymeric species are miscible or segregated into separate phases. Thus, the emission spectrum may be used as a measure of polymer compatibility. (b) Since rapid freeze‐drying preserves the extent of chain interpenetration which existed in solution, the energy transfer between labeled polymers may be used to study the extent of such interpenetration on solution concentration. (c) Phase separation when heating blends of poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(benzyl methacrylate) may be followed by the change in the emission spectrum of the latter. (d) The interdiffusion of separated poly(ethyl methacrylate) molecules labeled with donor and acceptor fluorophores may be monitored by the increase in the nonradiative energy transfer.

An economic basis for certain methods of evaluating probabilistic forecasts

This paper deals with the question of selecting an appropriate measure of compatibility (also called Scoring Rule) between probabilistic models and empirical data. It is natural to require that if the model predicts the occurrence of an observed event with probability p The paper establishes relations between the compatibility measure and the user's distribution of future pay-offs and shows that each of the commonly used measures (e.g. logarithmic, spherical, quadratic) represents a natural payoff emanating from an economic environment of a specific character. Using these relations the problem of selecting an appropriate measure of compatibility reduces to that of characterizing the economic impact of the forecast at hand.

The Introduction of IFS-1 into a Conventional System: A Preliminary Study

A conventional telephone network and the proposed IFS-1 integrated PCM system [1] differ in their hardware, software, and callrouting policies. IFS-1 has been designed with a measure of hardware and software compatibility with the conventional systems in use in Switzerland: an IFS-1 terminal accepts both analog channels and the full range of existing signalings. However, IFS-1's new network structure may mean costly changes in call routing within the still-conventional part of a mixed-type network as will exist during the introduction period. This paper describes how to put to advantage IFS-1's flexibility so as to avoid any change in the operation of conventional equipment, as well as any subscriber renumbering, due specifically to the introduction of PCM. It further describes a computer program package, developed for a preliminary study of the introduction of PCM into the district network of Berne, Switzerland, and which models the growth of a conventional network and its gradual transition to a fully integrated PCM network.

Nucleic acid homology as a measure of genetic compatibility among streptococci and a strain of Diplococcus pneumoniae.

A correlation has been observed between the degree of DNA–DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) hybridization and the frequency of interspecific genetic transformation between Streptococcus species of serological groups D and H and Diplococcus pneumoniae. The thermal denaturation (Tm) values and guanine plus cytosine (G + C) mole percent for all cultures were similar. Two mutants of the group D streptococcus, resistant to the potent antileukemic drug amethopterin, were found to be more alike than any other two organisms studied. The intraspecific genetic transfer of the thymine-requirement marker in either direction was not successfully demonstrated. The lack of transformation of amethopterin resistance to the wild type organism was partially due to the lack of homology between the mutants and the wild type.

Starch Level in the Trunk as a Measure of Compatibility Between Stock and Scion in Citrus

SummaryStudies were carried out on the assumption that incompatibility and dwarfness of budded citrus trees result from impaired carbohydrate movement through the bud union. During autumn and winter, carbohydrates move from the tree tops to the roots and accumulate there as starch. The starch level can therefore serve as a measure of this movement.This study included seven rootstock varieties all budded with Shamouti orange scion. Unbudded rootstocks were included for purposes of comparison.The starch level was determined in the winter at three locations along the trunk, below and above the bud union.No clear indication was found of impaired carbohydrate movement through the bud union of stock-scion combinations showing very low growth vigour.The starch level in bark and wood in the rootstock portion of trunks of budded trees was found to be negatively correlated with tree size. This indicates that the level of starch in the trunk results from the growth vigour of the tree and is not a factor which affect...