Measurement Of Antioxidant Capacity Research Articles

A Review on Antioxidant Property of Herbal Tea

Antioxidants are substances found in the medicinal plants which may have a protective role to play in certain conditions such as heart disease, stroke and some cancers. Polyphenols, which are antioxidant components, can be found in tea extracts. Natural antioxidants have gotten a lot of attention and research since they are effective due to free radical scavenger activity and are thought to be less hazardous than synthetic antioxidants. Tea, along with water, is one of the world's most popular beverages.tea(Camellia sinensis)have clasiifird into green tea,black tea,oolong tea . Spectroscopy is a common method for evaluating antioxidants. It is a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) based approach that uses the following methods for antioxidant assay: DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, PFRAP and it shows that the tea plant posses the antioxidant property of tea by using various extracts of tea and shows the green tea have more antioxidant property than black tea. The antioxidant capacityMeasured by two techniques electrochemical technique and chromatographic technique.the actual antioxidant conent is given directly in the amperometry technique.

Possible ameliorative effects of pentoxifylline on cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in rats: a study with hearing test, light, and scanning electron microscopy

Cisplatin is an antineoplastic drug widely used to treat various types of cancer. Ototoxicity is still cisplatin’s most critical side-effect. Some patients may experience dose limitations due to hearing loss. Pentoxifylline (PX) exhibits powerful antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-regulatory effects. Our study was designed to investigate the protective effects of pentoxifylline on cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. Forty adult male healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were used through the entire experiment. Four groups of animals were categorized: Group I (control group); Group II (PX group) received 25 mg/kg/day of oral PX by gavage for 8 consecutive days; Group III (Cisplatin group) received cisplatin single intraperitoneal dose of 10 mg/kg; Group IV (PX + Cisplatin group) received 25 mg/kg/day of oral PX by gavage for 8 successive days and a single intraperitoneal dose of 10 mg/kg cisplatin at the 4th day. First and 9th-day Distortiondistortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) tests were conducted. An intracardiac blood sample was collected for total antioxidant capacity (TAC) measurement, and the cochleae of rats were examined histopathologically. A significant reduction in serum TAC value was detected in the cisplatin group, while PX treatment significantly reduced TAC. Cisplatin decreased the DPOAE amplitudes in rats; conversely, the PX+cisplatin group showed a significant increase at all frequencies. Upon histopathological examination, the Ciplastin group revealed perturbation of the normal architecture of the organ of Corti, increased collagen deposition and marked expression of caspase-3, while the PX+cisplatin group revealed preserved architecture of the organ of Corti, minimal collagen deposition and downregulation of Caspase-3 expression. As evidenced by our findings and results from DPOAE results, biochemical findings, histological and ultrastructural analyses, PX significantly protects rats against ototoxicity caused by cisplatin.

Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant potential in different parts of Syzygium caryophyllatum (L.) Alston

Studies on oxidative stress and its consequences on human health have gained a lot of attention in recent years. Many diseases are caused by an imbalance between pro-oxidant production and neutralization. Antioxidant principles obtained from plant resources have a wide range of impacts and provide a lot of potential for rectifying the imbalance. These natural antioxidants are recognized to aid in the treatment of variety of human illnesses by inhibiting the formation of free radicals. In the present studies, in vitro antioxidant studies were conducted using methanolic extract of plant parts of Syzygium caryophyllatum (L.) Alston (Myrtaceae). The total polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins were determined after the extraction. DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), NO (nitic oxide), FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) and reducing power assays were done to evaluate antioxidant activities. Maximum levels of polyphenols (431.85±2.34 mg of GAE/g of extract), total flavonoids (201.62 ±3.39 mg of QE/g of extract) and tannins (355.32±1.77 mg of TAE/g of extract) in the bark was recorded. The bark extract showed more scavenging activity with IC50 value for DPPH, ABTS and nitric oxide were found to be 6.20±0.001 μg/ml, 13.785±0.196 μg/ml and 79.855±0.003 μg/ml, respectively. When compared to the standard ascorbic acid that is commonly used to measure antioxidant capacity, the leaf, fruit, seed and bark extracts showed remarkable antioxidant activity. The result of this study are encouraging, suggesting that the bark of S. caryophyllatum can be exploited as a potent antioxidant in a variety of formulations for the treatment of disorders resulting from excessive biological oxidative stress.

Electrochemical antioxidant capacity measurement: a downsized system and its application to agricultural crops.

An on-site electrochemical antioxidant capacity measurement system was developed using a screen print electrode (SPE) and circuit tester. The antioxidant capacities of eight antioxidants were evaluated with the handheld electrochemical antioxidant capacity measurement system to compare with those measured with spectroscopic methods, namely, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assays, as well as the reported electrochemical method with three conventional electrodes (a glassy carbon electrode, Ag/AgCl electrode and platinum wire electrode) and a potentiostat. Additionally, the potential shifts were proportional to the logarithm of the antioxidant concentration, which obeyed the Nernstian equation. Moreover, the antioxidant capacities of extracts from vegetables (green pepper, ginger and eggplant) were measured with a handheld electrochemical system. Each measurement was finished in only ca. 3min. The electrochemically obtained antioxidant data were comparable to those from DPPH free-radical scavenging assays and superoxide anion scavenging activity (SOSA) assays, as well as the total phenolic compound content.

Measurement of oxidative stress and total antioxidant capacity in hyperthyroid patients following treatment with carbimazole and antioxidant

Hyperthyroidism is a common endocrine disorder in which the thyroid produces too many hormones, resulting in the metabolism speed up. The present study was designed to measure oxidative stress and total antioxidant capacity in hyperthyroid patients following treatment with carbimazole and antioxidants supplements. This randomized clinical trial study was conducted to compare Malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) among 25 newly diagnosed hyperthyroid patients (Group A), 25 hyperthyroid patients treated with carbimazole (Group B) and 25 hyperthyroid patients treated with carbimazole and antioxidants supplement (Group C) of both sexes. In this study, the mean serum malondialdehyde (MDA) of the three groups were 4.60 ± 1.08 μmol/L (Group A), 2.79 ± 0.58 μmol/L (Group B), and 1.57 ± 0.29 μmol/L (Group C). We found the mean MDA level was significantly higher in Group A than Group B and Group C. This study found the MDA level was significantly higher in hyperthyroid patients treated with carbimazole alone (Group B, 2.79 ± 0.58 umol/L) than hyperthyroid patients treated with carbimazole and antioxidant combined (Group C, 1.57 ± 0.29 umol/L) among the study groups (p < 0.001). The results showed that the mean serum TAC was significantly lower in newly diagnosed hyperthyroid (Group A, 527.8 ± 78.44 umol/L] patients compared to carbimazole treated alone (Group B, 951.80 ± 99.67 umol/L) and combination with the antithyroid drug (carbimazole) and antioxidant treated (Group C, 1113.56 ± 121.69 umol/L). There was more improvement found in the treatment combined with the antithyroid drug (carbimazole) and antioxidant (Group C).Conventional treatment of hyperthyroid patients significantly reduced oxidative stress and elevated serum TAC but not up to normal level. Therefore, the supplementation of antioxidants could be utilized to improve thyroid function in hyperthyroid patients by boosting antioxidants and restoring oxidant-antioxidant balance. However, further studies are required to determine the optimal dosage, route of administration, and timing of antioxidant therapy needed before this supplementation could be officially recommended as adjuvant therapy.

Sulphite‐corrected, non‐phenolic and phenolic antioxidant capacities of fruit wines profiled by differential Folin‐Ciocalteu assay

SummaryThe Folin‐Ciocalteu reagent (FCR) assay is a reliable and robust, in vitro measure of antioxidant capacity (AOC) of foods but in winemaking its use has generally been confined to measuring total phenolics. However, the contributions of non‐phenolics and sulphites, and total AOC are also of interest for winemaking process control and human health functionality. Accordingly, we adapted the FCR assay and evaluated it with a range of wines made from grapes and other fruits, viz. peach, Chinese quince, blueberry, bayberry and red dragon fruit. The novel protocol avoided recognised interferences and revealed a wide variation among the wines in the contributions of phenolics, non‐phenolics and sulphites to their total AOC. Of the fruit‐derived antioxidants, phenolics accounted for 67.7–98.9% and non‐phenolics, 1.0–26.0% of the AOC, respectively. Direct reaction of sulphites with FCR accounted for 0.1–10.6% of the AOC.

Protective effect of saponin on sperm DNA fragmentation of mice treated with cyclophosphamide

Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a common chemotherapy drug with the testicular damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of saponin (SP) on the toxicity of CP in the male reproductive system. Following an experimental pilot study for determining SP dose, 40male mice (32±3g) were divided into five groups (n=8): control, sham (normal saline 0.2ml/day), CP (15mg/kg/week, intraperitoneally), SP (2.5mg/kg/day, intraperitoneally) and saponin group with cyclophosphamide (SP+CP). After treatment, the left testes were removed for the measurement of malonedialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels, and sperm DNA fragmentation was assessed by SDFA kit. In the CP group, a significant decrease in motility, viability, count, normal morphology and DNA fragmentation of spermatozoa and TAC was observed, while in MDA level, a significant increase was observed compared with the control group (p<0.05). Attenuated sperm parameters in CP group improved significantly in SP+CP group (p<0.05). According to the findings of this study, SP was able to alter the reproductive toxicity of CP in NMRI mice and increase the antioxidant capacity of the testis.

Effects of dietary fish oil supplementation in the diet on performance of Broiler chicks

This work was carried out to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of fish oil on growth performance, carcass quality, immunological and serum biochemical parameters, total antioxidant capacity, intestinal morphology, mortality ratio and economic efficiency measures of broiler chicks. A total of 150 (ross 308) one day old chicks was distributed into 5 groups each contains 3 replicates (10 chicks/ replicate) fed on Five experimental diets contains different level of oils (0 oil, 1(SBO &amp; FO), 2 FO and 3% FO respectively), during the experimental period (5 weeks). four chicks from each replicate were used for analysis of the experimental chicks. The results revealed that supplementation of fish oil in diets of broiler chicks 1,2 and 3 % improve (P&lt; 0.05) the body weight (Bw) and body weight gain (BWG) than control groups but the best value were observed in 1&amp;3% fish oil group beside improvement of feed conversion ratio (FCR) in all groups fed fish oil than control groups. However, numerically increased feed consumption in 1% SBO fed group than other groups. Significant (P&lt; 0.05) improvement of carcass characteristics and dressing percentage gradually with fish oil supplementation. The values of USFA and n-3 PUFA were significantly (P&lt; 0.05) higher in the breast muscle of broilers fed with fish oil compared to the control groups. But, SFA significantly (P&lt; 0.05) decreased with fish oil than control groups. No significant difference in n-6 PUFA value between SBO and FO groups. So, N- 6:N3 ratio in breast meat decreased gradually with FO addition. Also, triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL and VLDL concentrations were significantly (P&lt; 0.05) reduced by fish oil treatments, but serum HDL-c, total protein (TP), and globulin (GL) concentrations were significantly (P&lt; 0.05) increased by using diets containing fish oil. Also, provision of fish oil Significantly (P&lt; 0.05) improves immune response in broilers chicken against Newcastle virus vaccine through increase antibody titer and TLC with decreased mortality rate. Significant (P&lt; 0.05) improvement of intestinal morphology with fish oil supplement were detected. The highest economic efficiency was recorded in group fed 1% FO followed by 1% SBO, 2% FO, 3% FO,0% oil gradually. from the present study, it could be concluded that the supplementation of fish oil in chick's diets significantly improve the growth performance, body composition, immune response, serum biochemical parameters, intestinal morphology, decrease the mortality rate and economically efficient at rate 1% addition

Acute CrossFit® Workout Session Impacts Blood Redox Marker Modulation

We aimed to analyze the impact of a single CrossFit® session “workout of the day” (WOD) on plasma redox. Ten CrossFit®-experienced subjects volunteered to participate. Oxygen uptake (VO2) during WOD and treadmill running (TR), performed at the same VO2 and time as WOD, were continuously monitored. Venous blood samples were collected before (baseline—BL) and after both exercises, for lactate concentration, total antioxidant capacity, thiol content, and DNA damage measurements. Total antioxidant capacity decreased after both exercises (WOD and TR) vs. BL, with no differences between exercises. Thiol content increased after WOD; however, no differences between exercises were observed. DNA damage increased after both WOD and TR, although more exuberantly after WOD than TR. Much higher lactate levels were detected in WOD compared to TR. Our findings suggest that WOD induces an increased condition of oxidative injury and affects total antioxidant capacity in experienced CrossFit® performers.

Evaluation of aqueous extracts of Gracilaria vermiculophylla and Ulva flexuosa as treatment in challenged Penaeus vannamei with Vibrio parahaemolyticus

This work looks at the antibacterial efficacy of Gracilaria vermiculophylla and Ulva flexuosa aqueous extracts when added to the feed of Penaeus vannamei in an experimental infection with Vibrio parahaemolyticus (M0904AHPND+strain). Results show that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for both extracts was 50 mg mL -1 , with inhibition zones of 18.00 ± 0.60 mm for G. vermiculophylla and 14.00 ± 0.29 mm for U. flexuosa . G. vermiculophylla gave a higher total content of phenolic compounds (10.58 ± 2.31 mg GAE g -1 ) (gallic acid equivalent) and lower flavonoid content (10.32 ± 0.73 mg QE g -1 ) in comparison to U. flexuosa , while using ABTS (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) to measure antioxidant capacity showed that G. vermiculophylla gave a better result than U. flexuosa . The challenge with V. parahaemolyticus resulted in 67% survival for organisms fed G. vermiculophylla and 60% for those fed U. flexuosa , resulting in twice the amount of survival as opposed to 30% in the positive control at 24 h post-infection. Histopathological alterations in the hepatopancreas with hemocytic infiltration within the intertubular connective tissue were observed. Also, tubules with severe cell detachment and tubular atrophy were detected in the positive control organisms, and organisms treated with macroalgae only had vermiform structures in the tubular lumen, cell detachment, and infiltration hemolymph in intertubular connective tissue. According to the analysis of the studied variables, it can be concluded that the aqueous extracts of these macroalgae are a promising alternative for V. parahaemolyticus (M0904AHPND+strain) control in shrimp culture.

Phytochemical profile, antioxidant, antiproliferative, and enzyme inhibition-docking analyses of Salvia ekimiana Celep & Doğan

Salvia ekimiana Celep & Doğan is an endemic species of Turkey. To our knowledge, the number of studies on biological activities and phytochemical profiling of this plant is quite limited. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze its activities and phytochemical content in detail. The qualitative-quantitative compositions were determined via spectrophotometric and chromatographic (LC-MS/MS and HPLC) techniques. 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH●) and 2,2′-Azino-bis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS●+) radical scavenging and ascorbate-iron (III)-catalyzed phospholipid peroxidation experiments were performed to measure antioxidant capacity. Hyaluronidase, collagenase, and elastase enzyme inhibition tests were determined in vitro using a spectrophotometer. Antiproliferative activity was evaluated in human lung cancer (A549) and human breast cancer (MCF7) cells. The murine fibroblast (L929) cell line was used as a normal control cell. While the subextract rich in phenolic compounds was n-butanol extract, rosmarinic acid was defined as the main secondary metabolite. The highest antioxidant activity observed for the n-butanol subextract included the following: DPPH• EC50: 0.08±0.00 mg/mL, TEAC/ABTS: 2.19±0.09 mmol/L Trolox, MDA EC50: 0.42±0.03 mg/mL. The methanolic extract, the ethyl acetate, and n-butanol subextracts displayed significant inhibitory activity on collagenase, while the other subextracts did not show any inhibitory activity on hyaluronidase and elastase. Due to strong interactions with their active sites, molecular docking showed luteolin 7-glucuronide, apigenin 7-glucuronide, and luteolin 5-glucoside had the highest binding affinity with target enzymes. The chloroform subextract showed significant cytotoxicity in all cell lines. These novel results revealed that S. ekimiana has strong antioxidant, collagenase enzyme inhibitory, and cytotoxic potential.

Antioxidant capacity measurement based on κ-carrageenan stabilized and capped silver nanoparticles using green nanotechnology

• κ-Carrageenan capped silver nanoparticles (CAR-SNP) prepared by green synthesis. • CAR-SNP based antioxidant capacity (AC) method was designed for AC measurement. • CAR-SNP based AC method was based on growth-enlargement of monodisperse NPs. • Surface functional groups of CAR-SNPs were effective in antioxidant reduction of Ag+. • Proposed method provided higher sensitivity for antioxidants than other similar assays. A novel antioxidant capacity (AC) method was designed exploiting the formation and growth mechanism of green synthesized silver nanoparticles (SNPs) using κ-carrageenan. Carrageenan, a natural polysaccharide derived from edible red algae, was used for the green biosynthesis of κ-carrageenan capped SNPs (CAR-SNP). Silver ion (Ag + ) was reduced by antioxidants to spherical SNPs around silver seeds formed by κ-carrageenan. After reaction with antioxidants, symmetrically enlarged SNPs displayed a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption band at 420 nm superimposed onto a monotonous background due to the underlying monodisperse CAR-SNPs. The surface functional groups of CAR-coated, negatively-charged SNPs may be responsible for a net SPR peak emerging after the facilitated chemical reduction of Ag + with antioxidants. AC was determined using the proposed CAR-SNP method by measuring the linear increase in SPR absorbance of the enlarged SNPs in the presence of increasing antioxidant concentrations. The CAR-SNP based AC method was applied to selected antioxidant compounds, synthetic antioxidant mixtures, and tea infusions. The LOD and LOQ for trolox were found as 0.023 and 0.077 μM, respectively, which were well below those found by conventional electron-transfer based AC assays having similar mechanism. The CAR-SNP based AC method was validated for performance parameters (linearity, additivity, precision, and recovery). AC values obtained by the proposed method for tea infusions were correlated with those obtained by the classical CUPRAC method. The CAR-SNP based AC method is compatible with green chemistry principles of nanoparticle synthesis and application, and provides simple, rapid, low-cost, and sensitive AC determination.

Maduración postcosecha de Pouteria lucuma: Efecto de las condiciones de almacenamiento en los componentes fisicoquímicos, metabolitos y capacidad antioxidante e hipoglucemiante

Inadequate storage conditions can affect the sensory, physicochemical, and functional properties of tropical fruits such as Pouteria lucuma; which is a climacteric fruit, with a pleasant aroma and flavor; Peru being the main producer and exporter of this fruit, postharvest storage conditions have not been studied to maintain its properties. The objective of the research was to evaluate the effect of the storage conditions on the main physicochemical components, primary and secondary metabolites, antioxidant, and hypoglycemic capacity during postharvest ripening, under two storage conditions: ambient (29 °C and 70% RH) and climatic chamber (15 °C and 90% RH). Regarding the physicochemical characteristics, the state of maturity influenced acidity, pH, reducing sugars, starch, dietary fiber, firmness, pulp color and epicarp. In climate-controlled storage, glucose is the only metabolite that increases; while fructose, alcohol sugars and amino acids (Ala and Val), present higher values ​​under ambient conditions; sucrose, organic acids, amino acids (Tyr, Glu, Asp and Thr), β-carotene, total phenolic compounds and total carotenoids were not affected by the type of storage. The measure of antioxidant and hypoglycemic capacity decreased significantly (p &lt; 0,05), showing to be affected only by the state of maturity. The study of the carotenoid profile according to its spectrum (UV-vis) showed the presence of the group of xanthophylls. The results indicate that the state of maturity concerning the storage condition influenced most of the changes studied.

Guaraná (Paullinia cupana) by‐product as a source of bioactive compounds and as a natural antioxidant for food applications

This study aimed to evaluate the extraction and the potential of guaraná peels extract as a source of bioactive compounds and as a natural antioxidant. Guaraná peels were characterized, and different solvents and conditions of extraction were assessed using a full-factorial design. The total carotenoids content was 65.9 ± 0.4 µg/g, and the major species were β-carotene and lutein. It also presented 0.60 ± 0.01 and 0.55 ± 0.01 mg/g of caffeine and theobromine, respectively. The ability to extract carotenoids followed the increasing order: hexane < ethanol < ethyl acetate < ethanol: hexane < ethanol: ethyl acetate. Carotenoid recovery increased significantly (p < .05) at 50°C, and the extraction yield was higher over time. ABTS (60 ± 2 µmol Trolox eq./g) and ORAC (76 ± 3 µmol Trolox eq./g) assays indicated that guaraná peels extract has valuable potential for application as an antioxidant in food products. Novelty impact statement Guaraná peels are underutilized by-products that the food and pharmaceutical industries in South America could employ in the formulation of many of their products. Guaraná peels are a source of some macro and micronutrients, caffeine, theobromine, phenolic compounds, and carotenoids, all-trans-β-carotene, cis-β-carotene, and lutein. The ability to extract carotenoids was evaluated through the screening of potentially suitable solvents, as well as the extraction time and temperature. The suitability of the solvent considered the safety and toxicity of the obtained extracts and the solvent's impact on the environment. The measured antioxidant capacity of guaraná peels extracts indicated its potential valorization by using a green solvent. To the best of our knowledge, no information has been reported concerning the full characterization and chemical origin of guaraná peels pigments, which also provides a prospective multipurpose for application in functional foods.

Separation and Determination of Chemopreventive Phytochemicals of Flavonoids from Brassicaceae Plants.

The main aim of this study was to develop a method for the isolation and determination of polyphenols—in particular, flavonoids present in various morphological parts of plants belonging to the cabbage family (Brassicaceae). Therefore, a procedure consisting of maceration, acid hydrolysis and measurement of the total antioxidant capacity of plant extracts (using DPPH assay) was conducted. Qualitative analysis was performed employing thin-layer chromatography (TLC), which was presented to be a suitable methodology for the separation and determination of chemopreventive phytochemicals from plants belonging to the cabbage family. The study involved the analysis of 25 vegetal samples, including radish, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, kale, canola, kohlrabi, cabbage, Chinese cabbage, red cabbage, pak choi and cauliflower. In addition, selected flavonoids content in free form and bonded to glycosides was determined by using an RP-UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS method.

Hepatoprotective Impact of Ghrelin against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Toxicity in the Male Mice.

Despite its vast spectrum of clinical usage, cyclophosphamide (CP) exerts many adverse impacts, including hepatotoxicity. Antioxidant properties of ghrelin might protect the liver from CP-induced toxicity. The current study aimed to assess the protective impacts of ghrelin on CP-induced liver toxicity. Forty male mice were randomly divided into four groups (n=10) Group 1 as control received no intervention,group 2 received cyclophosphamide (CP) (100 mg/kg, i.p.) for five weeks and once a week. Group 3 received CP+ghrelin (CP+G), (80 µg/kg daily, i.p.) for five weeks. Group 4 received ghrelin with above-mentioned dose. At the end of the experiment, the mice were sacrificed to remove liver tissuesfor histological and biochemical examination. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level increased after CP treatment but ghrelin administration significantly decreased the level of MDA (P<0.05). Measurement of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) noted a significant decrease in the CP group against the control group (P<0.05). Ghrelin treatment in the CP+G group considerably increased the TAC activity when compared to the CP group (P<0.05). Histological examinations also confirmed the hepatocyte necrosis, local bleeding and inflammation, vacuolation, and sinusoidal dilation in the CP group, ghrelin administration reduced the destructive effects of CP on the liver significantly (P<0.05). Our results reveal the hepatoprotective effect of ghrelin against CP. Therefore, ghrelin might be useful in protecting the body against the adverse impacts of injuries induced by chemotherapeutic drugs.

Measurement of Antioxidant Capacity of Meat and Meat Products: Methods and Applications.

At present, a wide variety of analytical methods is available to measure antioxidant capacity. However, this great diversity is not reflected in the analysis of meat and meat products, as there are a limited number of studies on determining this parameter in this complex food matrix. Despite this, and due to the interest in antioxidants that prevent oxidation reactions, the identification of antioxidants in meat and meat products is of special importance to the meat industry. For this reason, this review compiled the main antioxidant capacity assays employed in meat and meat products, to date, describing their foundations, and showing both their advantages and limitations. This review also looked at the different applications of antioxidant properties in meat and meat products. In this sense, the suitability of using these methodologies has been demonstrated in different investigations related to these foods.

Characterization of Coffee Silver Skin as Potential Food-Safe Ingredient.

By-products from the coffee industry are produced in large amounts each year. Among other wastes, coffee silver skin (CSS) is highly available and more stable due to its lower content of water. This research aimed to characterize coffee silver skin composition and evidence its potentiality for use as a food-safe ingredient in new formulations. Results showed an average total dietary fiber content of 50% but with a higher ratio for insoluble than soluble fiber. A high content of total phenolic compounds, chlorogenic acid, caffeine, and caffeic acid was found and correlated with the high measured antioxidant capacity. Moreover, minerals (e.g., calcium, magnesium, phosphorous, potassium, copper, iron, manganese) important for human wellbeing were found at a high level in CSS, while toxic minerals (e.g., nickel) were found at low levels. In conclusion, coffee silver skin could have an advantageous role for the recovery of valuable compounds and as a potential food-safe ingredient.

The Measurement of Antioxidant Capacity and Colour Attributes in Wild Harvest Samphire (Tecticornia sp.) Samples Using Mid-infrared Spectroscopy

The Measurement of Antioxidant Capacity and Colour Attributes in Wild Harvest Samphire (Tecticornia sp.) Samples Using Mid-infrared Spectroscopy

Kapasitas Total Antioksidan Ekstrak Metanol Biji Kakao (Theobroma cacao. L) Dengan Metode Spektrofotometri Uv-Vis

Antioxidant compounds is one of compounds are needed by the body to reduce free radicals. The ability of antioxidants to reduce free radicals is called antioxidant capacity. The purpose of this study was to provide information on the total antioxidant capacity of the methanol extract of cocoa beans with the DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl) method using spectrophotometer uv-vis. The crude extract obtained was extracted using methanol solvent by maceration method. The results of the phytochemical screening test on the methanol extract of cocoa beans showed the presence of flavonoids and tannins. The total antioxidant capacity test of cocoa bean extract used the standard equivalent value of gallic acid which has been shown to have a strong antioxidant ability to reduce DPPH free radicals at a wavelength of 517 nm. The results of the measurement of total antioxidant capacity in the variation of treatment, namely sun-dried cocoa beans and oven cocoa beans were 27.730 and 42.454 mg/mL GAEAC. Based on the results of this study, it was found that the ethanol extract of oven cocoa beans had the greatest total antioxidant capacity, namely 42.454 mg/mL GAEAC.