Electrical synapses containing Connexin 36 (Cx36) represent the main means for direct electrical communication among neurons in the mammalian nervous system. However, little is known about the protein complexes that constitute these synapses. In the present study, we applied different BioID strategies to screen the interactomes of Connexin 36 and its zebrafish orthologue Cx35.1 in retinal neurons. For in vivo proximity labeling in mice, we took advantage of the Cx36-EGFP strain and expressed a GFP-nanobody-TurboID fusion construct selectively in AII amacrine cells. For in vivo BioID in zebrafish, we generated a transgenic line expressing a Cx35.1-TurboID fusion under control of the Cx35.1 promoter. Both strategies allowed us to capture a plethora of molecules that were associated with electrical synapses and showed a high degree of evolutionary conservation in the proteomes of both species. Besides known interactors of Cx36 such as ZO-1 and ZO-2, we have identified more than 50 new proteins, such as scaffold proteins, adhesion molecules, and regulators of the cytoskeleton. Moreover, we determined the subcellular localization of these proteins in mouse retina and tested potential binding interactions with Cx36. Among these new interactors, we identified signal-induced proliferation associated 1 like 3 (Sipa1l3), a protein that has been implicated in cell junction formation and cell polarity, as a new scaffold of electrical synapses. Interestingly, Sipa1l3 was able to interact with ZO-1, ZO-2, and Cx36, suggesting a pivotal role in electrical synapse function. In summary, our study provides the first detailed view of the electrical synapse proteome in retinal neurons, which is likely to apply to electrical synapses elsewhere.

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted education systems worldwide. Adult education has been significantly affected, particularly in India, where adult education systems are already affected by structural inequalities that create obstacles to access to learning opportunities. Unlike formal schooling, adult education programs are typically based on community-led, face-to-face means of communication that were quickly stopped as a result of the pandemic. This disruption resulted in millions of adult learners, especially those from rural and marginalised communities, being cut off from educational resources . This period also became a starting point for experimentation and creativity in adult learning practices. Digital technologies enabled learners to connect with teachers and educational organisations mobile microlearning, WhatsApp audio lessons, community radio broadcasts, as well as hybrid learning models that combine online and offline elements. This study uses a qualitative documentary and narrative analysis of policy reports, institutional documents, and community learning initiatives to understand how adult education systems responded during and after the pandemic. This study examines both the challenges and emerging innovations in post-pandemic adult education in India. It argues for the need to strengthen inclusive, community-driven, and digitally adaptable adult education systems in post-pandemic India.

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common and serious complication among geriatric patients undergoing surgery for oromaxillofacial malignancies, significantly impedes rehabilitation and increases healthcare costs. Therefore, effective perioperative cognitive management is essential, yet it remains challenging. While mobile health (mHealth) applications offer potential solutions, their adoption among elderly populations remains low due to usability barriers. This study aimed to develop and comprehensively evaluate a novel WeChat-based mHealth intervention, the WeChat Applet of Cognitive Dysfunction Assessment and Management (WACDAM), for the perioperative management of POCD in older adults undergoing surgery for oromaxillofacial malignancies, with a focus on its clinical effectiveness, usability, and implementation value . This is a mixed-methods, participatory design study. This study employed a participatory design strategy to develop WACDAM in collaboration with geriatric patients, clinical specialists, and technical developers. Patients who underwent oral malignancy resection with neck dissection under general anesthesia between December 2020 and December 2021 were enrolled. POCD was assessed using the Z-score method, and risk factors were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression. Usability and user satisfaction were evaluated using the System Usability Scale (SUS), the user version of the Mobile Application Rating Scale (uMARS), and semi-structured interviews. Among the 112 elderly patients who underwent surgery for oromaxillofacial malignancy and completed both preoperative and postoperative (day 7) assessments, the incidence of POCD was 33.1% (37/112). Multivariable logistic regression identified older age (OR = 1.269, 95% CI: 1.056-1.525), lower education level (OR = 0.792, 95% CI: 0.644-0.974), hypertension (OR = 4.153, 95% CI: 1.355-12.732), sleep disorders (OR = 1.272, 95% CI: 1.001-1.617), prolonged anesthesia time (OR = 1.009, 95% CI: 1.001-1.018), and intraoperative hypotension (OR = 5.512, 95% CI: 1.240-24.506) as independent risk factors for POCD. The WACDAM performance evaluation demonstrated a SUS score of 70.17 and a mean objective quality score of 3.65 ± 1.03 on the uMARS, with the highest score in functionality (3.87 ± 0.98) and the lowest in engagement (3.48 ± 1.07). Subjective quality assessments (3.66 ± 1.06) corresponded closely with these objective metrics. In semi-structured interviews involving 20 patients and 10 clinicians, users reported that WACDAM significantly enhanced doctor-patient communication (mean satisfaction increase: 1.63 ± 1.32 points, P < 0.01), improved the efficiency of POCD management, and was overall perceived as an acceptable and valuable clinical tool. This study developed WACDAM, a pioneering WeChat-based mini-program for POCD management. Through a participatory design, the platform established an age-friendly interface and a dual-channel management system for both patients and clinicians, effectively reducing technological barriers for elderly users and facilitating early identification of high-risk POCD cases. This research provides a scalable, low-cost digital solution for perioperative cognitive management in elderly patients.

Entanglement is one of the most striking phenomena in quantum physics, playing important roles in fundamental physics and quantum information science. It enables a secure means of communication—quantum cryptography—and builds up the foundation of its unconditional security. Entanglement-based quantum cryptography has received great attention from the early demonstrations to the recent remarkable achievements. In a practical scenario, although entanglement-based quantum cryptography can provide inherent source-independent security, its detection side has been shown to be vulnerable to external probing attacks. Here we show that entanglement swapping can effectively solve this critical issue, enabling a side-channel-free quantum cryptography.Entanglement swapping allows each user’s quantum state preparation and detection in a completely private station, which is immune to any external probing side channels. We demonstrate the entanglement-swapping quantum cryptography scheme in the field based on two independent entanglement photon sources. Based on the remote entangled photon pairs, we implement the Ekert-1991 protocol under a channel attenuation equivalent to 100 km of standard optical fiber, achieving a Bell violation value of S=2.659±0.092 and a secret key rate of 0.0163 bit/s. While recent device-independent QKD demonstrations have reached 100 km using atoms or ions, our photonic ES-QKD offers a complementary, all-optical pathway that is directly compatible with existing fiber networks and quantum repeaters.

This paper systematically analyzes the effect of traditional culture dissemination and its influencing factors in the digital environment by using a combination of educational technology, cultural communication and developmental psychology; at the same time, it conducts an experimental study on this basis, with a view to exploring a digital traditional culture dissemination method that is suitable for children and adolescents. With the help of network interactive communication technology, VR technology and other new media technology means, the measurement is carried out on the basis of using the communication effect measurement model. New media communication means have a positive effect on the degree of traditional culture knowledge mastery and traditional culture interest of young people, and have a positive effect on the traditional culture confidence of young people. Among them, abstraction, visualization and interesting means can deepen the audience's impression of culture and attract their attention; multi-platform communication can expand the scope of cultural communication and achieve all-round coverage. Therefore, the results of this study can be used as an effective strategy for teachers in teaching practice, which is of positive reference and practical significance for realizing the modern transformation of traditional culture courses.

ABSTRACT This study provides an in-depth examination of the cultural identity challenges faced by the Dayak Kanayatn community as the existence of their traditional music declines under the pressures of globalization and cultural modernization. Amid rapid social change, conventional music is a form of entertainment and a vital medium for maintaining the continuity of ancestral values and strengthening social cohesion within the Indigenous community. The primary aim of this research is to explore how traditional music operates as a cultural practice that shapes, reinforces, and sustains the collective identity of the Dayak Kanayatn people in a globalized context. Employing a qualitative phenomenological approach, data were collected through semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and documentation of traditional musical practices, with triangulation applied to ensure data validity. The findings reveal that melodies, lyrics, and traditional instruments such as agukng and dau serve dual functions: as aesthetic expressions and as means of spiritual communication and intergenerational transmission of customary values. Although conventional music has transformed in form and meaning due to global influences, it continues to preserve its deep cultural essence and plays a vital role in reinforcing collective identity. These findings provide valuable insight into the Indigenous communities’ resilience, creativity, and adaptability in navigating cultural globalization.

Fully functional neural competence and integrity requires a complex array of communication means among neurons, with extracellular vesicles (EVs) emerging as a relevant mechanism for cell-cell interaction in the CNS. Despite the growing number of studies demonstrating the presence of microRNAs (miRNAs) in axon and EVs, the molecular mechanisms of those miRNAs present in EVs and their functional role in nervous system development has not been fully explored. In this study, we investigated whether neuronal EVs can have a role in neuron-to-neuron communication during the development of neuron connectivity in mouse primary cortical neuron cultures. Our results demonstrate how miR-99a can regulate axonal growth via its EV-mediated delivery and through the targeting of HS3ST2, a heparan sulphate glucosamine 3-O-sulphotransferase, which is predominantly expressed in the brain and generates rare 3-O-sulphated domains in heparan sulphate proteoglycans, with growing importance in development and neurodegenerative mechanisms. Importantly, we show how in compartmentalised microfluidic cultures, where axons are isolated from neuronal somas, the growth-promoting effects of neuron-derived EVs are local to the axon. These findings establish that neuronal EVs can deliver miRNAs to discrete subcellular domains to acutely modulate local gene expression, thereby driving axonal growth and shaping neurodevelopment.

Abstract— The present paper introduces the concept of Machinery health monitoring system AI: predictive maintenance software- defined digital twin hardware-independent framework on industrial machinery. Specifically, the machine model consists of a discrete-time Markov Chain with three machine operating states: healthy, degrading, failure that allows realistic generation of synthetic data without the use of physical sensors. Multivariate time-based series data, including temperature, vibration and load, is also enhanced by stochastic perturbation in order to simulate the real-life operating environment. A sequence-to-sequence LSTM autoencoder using a temporal attention mechanism on which an unsupervised anomaly detecting model is trained is used to learn normal operational patterns. The model calculates reconstruction error as score of an anomaly which can be used to detect deviation to healthy behavior reliably. An automatic thresholding method allows the machine states to be classified in real-time. This system can run at a 1 Hz streaming rate and sub-milliseconds inference latency on a GPU system. The architecture proposed will consist of FastAPI-based back-end as a server, WebSocket layer as a means of communication, and a React- based front-end as a visualization and monitoring tool. This study shows that it can be scaled and repeated to predictive maintenance with synthetic data, and this provides the basis to make the transition to actual industrial applications. Keywords— Predictive Maintenance, Digital Twin, LSTM Autoencoder, Temporal Attention, Anomaly Detection, Markov Chain, Time-Series Analysis, Synthetic Data, Real-Time Systems, Industrial AI.

Abstract: The article explores the role of Internet memes as a specific means of communication and a transmitter of ideas, focusing on the subculture of “Balkan memes” and the construction of the image of Bulgaria and Bulgarians within them. By applying a netnographic approach, a representative corpus of 86 images extracted from platforms such as Reddit and Facebook has been analyzed. The study shows that in this digital environment, pathos dominates over logos, and humor, self-irony and gloating serve as a kind of emotional outlet for users. The empirical material shows two sides of the country’s image, subject to the logic of “us versus them”. When the subject of satire is the West, Bulgaria merges with the collective profile of the Balkans, in which local deficits – such as economic backwardness and corruption – are romanticized in a way and serve as a glue for regional solidarity. Conversely, in conflicts with neighboring countries, the Bul¬ga¬rian image is transformed into that of a cultural and historical hegemon. Char¬acteristic here is the phenomenon of deliberate recoding of external offensive qualifications (for example, the association with non-European origin) into visual markers of superiority. Ultimately, the study confirms that digital humorous forms do not generate new social dynamics, but rather act as a crooked mirror in which traditional nationalist attitudes and the need for group identification find their contemporary, hyperbolized expression. Keywords: memes, propaganda, internet, balkans, netnography, nationalism.

Importance. In the context of globalization, the need to use a foreign language as a means of real communication is increasing. At the same time pedagogical practice shows that mastering foreign language dialogic speech is one of the most challenging aspects of foreign language learning. For younger adolescents this difficulty is further compounded by their age-related psychological characteristics. In this regard contemporary educational trends require the introduction of innovative technologies to enhance the effectiveness of foreign language teaching. The system of supplementary education, characterized by its flexibility and learner-centered orientation, provides the most favorable environment for such innovations. The purpose of the study is to determine the effectiveness and pedagogical expediency of using artificial intelligence technologies in teaching foreign-language dialogical speech to younger adolescents in the system of supplementary education. Materials and Methods. The study employed an analysis of scientific literature on teaching foreign language dialogic speech to younger adolescents, a comparative analysis of general secondary and supplementary education systems, a methodological analysis of an exercise set generated by a neural network, as well as experimental teaching. These methods made it possible to draw conclusions about the effectiveness and pedagogical relevance of using artificial intelligence technologies in teaching foreign language dialogic speech to younger adolescents. Results and Discussions. It is revealed that materials generated by the Alice AI neural network can be commensurate in quality and effectiveness to traditional materials based on established teaching and learning resources. The use of artificial intelligence technologies significantly reduces the time teachers spend on lesson preparation and on adapting instructional materials to learners’ age and proficiency levels. The study showed the comparability of learning outcomes using artificial intelligence technologies – the Alice AI neural network and traditional learning: an assessment of learning effectiveness calculated using the formula E10 = (L·2 + G·2 + Ph·2 + I·3 +M·1) / 2 revealed the minimal difference in the control and experimental groups: the sum of E10 scores for the control group was equal to 8.5, for the experimental group – 8.0. Conclusion. The use of artificial intelligence technologies in teaching foreign language dialogic speech to younger adolescents is effective and pedagogically justified. Neural networks can serve as an auxiliary tool for teachers. The most effective approach is a blended model of using artificial intelligence technologies, in which the teacher carefully analyzes, modifies, and supplements the materials generated by the neural network. The results of the study can be applied in the practice of supplementary education.

Family communication is an important aspect in shaping individual character, values, and identity, especially in Asian families that are known to have a communication pattern based on obedience and collectivism values. The film Turning Red represents the dynamics of Asian family communication through the conflict between the demands of family traditions and the needs of adolescent self-expression. This study aims to analyze the meaning of Asian family communication shown in the film through Roland Barthes' semiotic approach, including the meaning of denotations, connotations, and myths, and examine family communication patterns based on the concept of Family Communication Patterns, namely conformity orientation and conversation orientation. This study uses a qualitative method with semiotic analysis techniques on selected scenes that depict the family interaction of the main character. The results of the study show that Asian family communication in this film represents the dominance of the values of parental obedience, family control over children, and the process of negotiating adolescent identity in the family. In addition, it was found that open communication can be a solution in alleviating family conflicts. The conclusion of this study shows that the film Turning Red is not only an entertainment medium, but also represents the reality of Asian family communication which is full of cultural values, social pressures, and the importance of a balance between obedience and open communication within the family

This research investigates how digital transformation contributes to innovation in public services as part of the move toward smart governance. The study employs a literature review approach by evaluating a variety of pertinent materials, which include global journals, scholarly books, and official publications from the years 2018 to 2025. Results show that digital transformation notably enhances the quality of public services regarding their efficiency, effectiveness, openness, and ease of access. The incorporation of technologies like e-government platforms, mobile apps, artificial intelligence, and big data analysis allows governments to provide services that are quicker and more responsive. Additionally, digital platforms foster public involvement by offering means for communication and participation in decision-making activities. Despite these advancements, there are still several obstacles to overcome, such as the digital divide, insufficient infrastructure, low levels of digital skills, and resistance to change within bureaucracy. These issues emphasize the need for cohesive strategies that include investment in technology, development of human resources, and regulatory assistance. The study concludes that digital transformation is vital for achieving smart governance; however, its effectiveness relies on the preparedness of infrastructure, institutions, and society to embrace digital advancements.

Introduction . The article examines the evolution of phatic communication means in Englishlanguage film dialogue over nearly ninety years (1930–2018). The relevance of the study is determined by the need to investigate the dynamics of discursive practices reflecting socio-cultural changes in society. The scientific novelty lies in the application of diachronic corpus analysis to phatic markers in film speech to identify trends towards colloquialization and democratization of communicative norms conveyed through mass art. The aim of the research is to identify quantitative and qualitative changes in the use of phatic units based on the Movies corpus and to interpret them in the context of the evolution of communicative practices. Methodology and sources . The research is carried out within the framework of diachronic discourse studies and corpus linguistics. The material is the Movies corpus, containing dialogues from English-language films of 1930–2018 (total volume about 200 million words). The analysis was conducted in three stages: 1) compiling a list of phatic markers based on preliminary film viewing and theoretical works; 2) calculating the normalized frequency of the selected units by decade, followed by consolidation into three periods (1930–1960, 1961–1990, 1991–2018) and computing the weighted average frequency taking into account the size of subcorpora; 3) interpreting the obtained data. Results and discussions. The analysis of the dynamics of phatic markers revealed a steady trend towards colloquialization and democratization of film speech. This is most clearly manifested in the change of dominant greeting and farewell formulas: formal good morning and goodbye consistently give way to informal hi and bye . In the group of markers reflecting inquiries about the interlocutor's state, the ritualized formula how do you do? is being replaced by more colloquial equivalents how are you doing and what's up? . Discourse markers and fillers imitating speech spontaneity show a significant increase. Politeness formulas consistently decline, giving way to shorter and more direct analogues. The obtained data indicate that film dialogue gradually moves away from theatrical conventionality and approaches live conversational speech, reflecting real language changes and the transformation of communicative norms in society. Conclusion . The conducted research confirmed that phatic communication in Englishlanguage film dialogue has undergone significant evolution. From the formal, ritualized structures of the 1930s–1960s, film speech has shifted towards colloquial forms imitating spontaneous oral communication. Starting from the 1960s, a decline in the frequency of etiquette clichés and an increase in discourse markers, fillers, and reduced forms is recorded, reflecting the general trend towards language democratization and the enrichment of film speech with elements natural to real communication. Phatic means become an important tool for creating a credible speech portrait.

Infant cries are the primary means of communication for newborns, conveying needs such as hunger, pain, sleepiness, or discomfort. Globally, it is estimated that caregivers misinterpret up to 40% of baby cries, which can lead to delayed responses and potential health risks. Traditionally, the identification of cry types relies on manual listening and observation, requiring caregivers or medical staff to interpret acoustic patterns, which is highly subjective and prone to error. The proposed system combines audio preprocessing, feature extraction using MFCCs, traditional machine learning models such as Support vector machine (SVM) classifier, K-nearest neighbours classifier (KNN), Decision tree classifier (DTC), Adaptive Boosting classifier (Adaboost), and Linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and a 1D Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to provide a robust framework for categorizing infant cries. By integrating a user-friendly Tkinter-based graphical interface, the system allows seamless dataset uploading, preprocessing, model training, evaluation, and prediction on unseen audio data. Performance metrics including accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, confusion matrices, and ROC curves ensure rigorous evaluation, while visualizations such as waveforms and training graphs enhance interpretability. This approach not only addresses the limitations of manual systems by providing objective and scalable classification but also enables real-time monitoring and early health intervention. The proposed automated system demonstrates the advantages of combining classical machine learning with deep learning, offering a reliable, efficient, and practical solution for caregivers and healthcare providers to interpret infant needs accurately, ultimately contributing to better infant care and timely medical response.

Community Reading Centers (Taman Bacaan Masyarakat/TBM) play a strategic role in promoting a culture of literacy at the community level. However, in the digital era, most TBMs, including those located in Sumedang Regency, have not optimally utilized information technology, particularly in terms of documenting and publishing their activities. Limited digital literacy among TBM managers has become one of the main factors hindering the effective use of digital platforms as a means of communication, information dissemination, and activity reporting. This study aims to develop a website-based information system for the Sumedang TBM Forum, with a focus on the development of an online press release feature that enables each TBM to independently and systematically publish its activities. This study employs a qualitative approach, with data collected through interviews, observations, and documentation studies to obtain a comprehensive understanding of user needs. Theoretically, this study is expected to contribute to the development of participatory information system studies within non-formal education institutions. Practically, it offers an applicable digital solution to strengthen the institutional capacity of TBMs in managing information and publishing activities. The scope of the study includes user needs analysis, system design, web-based feature development, and limited system testing in the Sumedang Regency area. The expected outcome of this study is the development of an information system prototype that can enhance transparency, management efficiency, and the reach of TBM activity publications, while also supporting the digital transformation of local literacy communities.

The article considers irony as a means of silent communication between the narrator and the reader within the plot of the Gospel of John 10:40–12:50. The article focuses on the strategy of using irony, its typological prism, and the multifaceted nature of its nuances in the context of constructing a narrative arc. The use of irony aims to reveal the strategy of the implicit author and serves to comprehend the primary meaning of the text. The functioning of irony in relation to the progressive and gradual development of the plot line of John 10:40–12:50 has been shown. The narrator skillfully combines different types of irony and demonstrates the relationship between them in order to develop an extensive dramatic of Jesus giving life to Lazarus and, at the same time, His death sentence by the religious authorities of Jerusalem. The theoretical and practical results of the study can be used to improve the methodology of the narrative approach to the analysis of biblical texts, systematize the concept of irony as a literary and narrative technique, and understand the historical background of the use of irony in the biblical text from the perspective of religious studies.

Stereotypes about people with various well-being differ significantly from the real state of affairs as they can distort the meaning of communication and hinder student’s professional development. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the content of stereotypes about fantasy characters with different levels of wealth (rich and poor). The participants are 668 university students in Russia. The verification results of the assumption about the complementarity of competence and warmth stereotypes in relation to generalized images of characters from a distant planet have been obtained. The stereotypes complementarity corresponds to S. Fiske’s stereotype content model, in which persons with high status are attributed greater competence and less warmth, while those with low status are attributed greater warmth and less competence. The theory of this model has led to confirming the universality of warmth and competence parameters at the level of a large group of students, as significant differences in the stereotypical perception of subgroups with different levels of well-being within the same group have been revealed. The respondents’ explicit assessments show that the rich are viewed as more competent (competitive, proactive, and intelligent) and less warm in the generalized image of beings with a high level of well-being, while the poor are viewed as warmer (good-natured, tolerant, warm-hearted, and sincere) and less competent. Despite their great sympathy for low-welfare creatures, students identify with everyone with a tendency towards resemblance to high-welfare characters, which is the novelty of the research. In the future, we can recommend a similar program for measuring the stereotypes complementarity for other social groups representatives.

This guest editorial commentary introduces a special issue of Science Communication on artificial intelligence’s (AI) dual role as both a tool for and a topic of science communication. It argues that this dual role redistributes communicative and epistemic agency in ways that unsettle established assumptions about authorship, credibility, and trust. The commentary reviews seven studies spanning practitioner use, audience cognition, and misinformation correction, then develops two theoretical questions: how AI reshapes the social infrastructure of trust in science, and what science communication means when scientific discovery itself is partially delegated to AI.

The functioning of modern business entities takes place under conditions of macroeconomic instability and significant variability of economic conditions. This has a negative impact on the overall level of their economic security and on the security of its functional components in particular. Geopolitical threats and instability factors exert a particularly strong influence on the personnel component of economic security. Therefore, enterprises require effective tools for increasing the level of personnel security. In the context of the digitalization of production and management processes, communicative management measures are becoming increasingly relevant among such tools. The main threats to personnel security in conditions of macroeconomic instability include staff turnover, an insufficient level of professional competence of employees, conflicts within labor collectives, leakage of confidential information, and a generally low level of employee motivation. Under these circumstances, communication becomes an extremely important instrument of personnel management, as it ensures the transfer of information, contributes to the formation of corporate culture, and facilitates the coordination of employee activities. Among the main functions of communications in the enterprise economic security system are informational, coordination, motivational, integration, and control functions. Enterprises should pay particular attention to modern corporate systems based on digital communications. In this regard, effective measures may include the use of corporate information systems, such as electronic document management systems and corporate databases, as well as digital communication platforms including corporate messengers, video conferencing tools, and project management systems. In addition, enterprises may implement knowledge management tools, such as internal training platforms, distance learning systems, and informal learning mechanisms. In order to increase the level of the personnel component of economic security, enterprises should pursue a purposeful personnel and communication policy. In this direction, the implementation of the following measures may be appropriate: the introduction of digital communication systems, the development of a corporate culture based on the principles of open communication, increasing the transparency of managerial decisions, the creation of internal personnel training systems, and the application of modern HR technologies. The implementation of these measures will contribute to the formation of an effective personnel management system and increase the adaptability of enterprises to conditions of macroeconomic instability.

This study aims to analyze the internationalization strategy of Indonesian as an ASEAN language. The background of this study is based on the importance of the existence of regional languages that can be a means of communication and a symbol of regional identity. The method used is a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through interviews, documentation studies, and observations. The results of the study indicate that Indonesian has great potential to become an ASEAN language due to the significant number of speakers, the ease of language structure, and cultural proximity to countries in the region. However, there are various challenges such as the dominance of English, competition with other languages, and limitations of regional policies. Therefore, a comprehensive strategy is needed including strengthening the BIPA program, language diplomacy, the use of digital technology, and cooperation between ASEAN countries. This research is expected to contribute to the development of language policies at the regional level and strengthen the position of Indonesian in the international arena.