Mean Serum Malondialdehyde Levels Research Articles

Oxidative Stress in Depression: A Case-control Study of Serum MDA Levels and Lipid Levels in Patients With Depression in a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India

Introduction: Numerous theories have been proposed to substantiate the etiopathogenesis of depression. Recently, the hypothesis involving the oxidative stress (OS) pathway has been explored. Hence, potential markers are also being investigated for their role in depression. We aimed to assess the serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and serum lipid levels in individuals with depression and controls and explore associated factors. Methodology: A semi-structured questionnaire, complete with a mandatory consent form and a reliable, validated scale, namely the Hamilton Depression scale (HAM-D), was used. The method of sampling was purposive, with 100 depression cases in the psychiatry outpatient being included and 50 age-matched, gender-matched controls. Blood was collected from both groups to evaluate serum MDA and serum Lipid levels. Appropriate statistics using SPSS 20 were administered. Results: Our study had a female preponderance in cases, with 38% having major depressive disorder (MDD), 50% of whom showed suicidal ideas, and 10% had a prior history of deliberate self-harm. Mean HAM-D scores were higher in cases than controls, 18.57 ± 6.02, and mean MDA levels were higher in cases, 2.5 ± 1.02 mmol/L. HDL levels were lower in depression cases compared to controls, 38.34 ± 7.442. An inverse correlation was seen between mean serum MDA levels and HDL levels in depression cases. A significant relationship was observed between the parameters of depression and serum MDA levels. Conclusion: Significantly elevated mean serum MDA levels were observed in depression cases, along with significantly lowered mean HDL values compared to controls. We found a positive correlation between serum MDA levels and the severity, recurrence, and suicidality of depression. An inverse relation was observed between serum MDA values and mean HDL levels in depression. This emphasizes the need for clinical vigilance in employing these biomarkers not merely for assessment but also for HDL as a preventive measure in depression.

Burdock Root (Arctium lappa) Reduces Steatosis and Serum Malondialdehyde in Wistar Rats Fed with Used Cooking Oil

Utilization of used cooking oil may cause fat accumulation in the body leading to exceeding metabolic capacity of the liver and lipid peroxidation, subsequently triggering oxidative stress that will lead to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Burdock root (Arctium lappa) have hypolipidemic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aims to determine the effects of Burdock root to reduce steatosis and malondialdehyde (MDA) plasma levels in male Wistar rats fed with used cooking oil. This study used a post-test only control group design. Thirty healthy male Wistar rats were randomized into three groups. All groups were given 0,42 mL of used cooking oil. Fifteen minutes after, the intervention group 0 (P0) was given 1 mL of distilled water 1x/day. The intervention group 1 (P1) was given 100 mg/kg BW of burdock roots ethanolic extract diluted in 1 mL of distilled water 1x/day. The intervention group 2 (P2) was given 200 mg/kg BW of burdock roots ethanolic extract diluted in 1 ml of distilled water 1x/day. After 28 days, histopathological examination of the liver tissue to measure steatosis and peripheral blood taken to measure serum MDA levels and compared between groups. The results showed that the average steatosis in the P0 group was significantly higher than the P1 group (15.51±3.22% vs. 8.92±1.49%, respectively; p = 0.00). Similar results between the P1 group were also significantly higher compared to the P2 group (5.18±1.31%; p = 0.002). The mean serum MDA level revealed a significantly higher results among the P0 group compared to P1 group as well as P1 group compared to P2 group (12.58±1.92 nmol/mL vs. 9.76±0.47 nmol/mL, respectively; p=0.011 and (9.76±0.47 nmol/mL vs. 8.69±0.33 nmol/mL, respectively; p=0.011). The conclusions of this study were that burdock roots could reduce steatosis and serum MDA in male Wistar rats that were given used cooking oil.

Myocardial salvaging effect of turmeric (Curcuma longa) on experimentally induced myocardial injury in rats

Background: In Ayurveda turmeric (Curcuma longa) has been used for cardioprotection. Experimentally induced myocardial injury is clinically similar to human myocardial infarction. Objective: The study was designed to assess the myocardial salvagingeffect of turmeric (Curcuma longa) on experimentally induced myocardial injury in rats. Methods: This experimental study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka during 2015. Total twenty eight (28) Wistar albino male rats (aged 13±1 weeks; 125±25 gm) were randomly grouped into NS (normal control group), ISO (isoproterenol treated control group),Tm+ISO (turmeric pretreated and isoproterenol treated group) and Am+ISO (amlodipine pretreated and isoproterenol treated group). All the rats were sacrificed on 10th day of experimentation. . Blood samples were collected. Serum carduac troponin I (cTnI) level was estimated by AxSYM methodand serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level was estimated byspectrophotometric method.For statistical analysis, one way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc test was done by using SPSS 22.0 version. Results: The mean serum cTnI and MDA level was significantly (P<0.001) higher in ISO in comparison to all other rats of different groups. Whereas, the mean serum cTnI level was lower in Tm+ISO and Am+ISO in comparison to that of ISO which were statistically significant (P<0.05). Again, mean serum MDA level was significantly lower in Tm+ISO(P<0.05) and Am+ISO(P<0.001) in comparison to that of ISO.However, there were no significant differences between Tm+ISO and Am+ISO. Conclusion: The results of the study concluded that turmeric has myocardial salvaging effect on experimentally induced myocardial injury inrats. J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2022, June; 17(1): 34-40

The Effect of Ramadan Fasting on Serum Malondialdehyde Levels as Indicator of Oxidative Stress and Cellular Damage

Background: Ramadan fasting is one of five pillars of Islam. Fasting is to refrain from eating and drinking from sunrise (sahur) to sunset (ifthar). Ramadan fasting has been shown to impact on body systems in different manners. One of the benefits of Ramadan fasting is protection against oxidative stress and cellular damage. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a product of free radicals (hydroxil radicals) with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) produced from lipid peroxidation of cell membranes. This paper aims to determine the effect of Ramadan fasting on serum MDA levels.Methods: The design of this study is quasiexperimental with one group pre and post design. The sample of this study was 16 preclinical students of FK UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta who performed Ramadan fasting for 17 consecutive days. Blood samples were taken 1 day before Ramadan fasting and 18 days of Ramadan fasting to measure serum MDA levels. The study was conducted in the biochemical laboratory of FK UIN Syarif Hidayatullah.Results: The mean serum MDA levels before fasting was 0.90 ± 0.54 nmol/mL. The median value of serum MDA levels after fasting was 0.43 nmol/mL, with a range between 0.03 - 2.75 nmol/mL. Ramadan fasting decreases serum MDA levels, but the decrease that occurs on the 17th day of Ramadan fasting was not significant (p> 0.05). There was an increase in serum MDA levels in 4 subjects (25%) after Ramadan fasting.Conclusion: Ramadan fasting can reduce serum MDA levels as a marker of oxidative stress and cell damage. Further study is needed to investigate the various results in serum MDA levels after fasting.

Effect of Bajakah (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk.) Extract on Malondialdehyde Serum of Wistar Rats Induced by Streptozotocin

Bajakah extract has antioxidant and antidiabetic compounds including phenols, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. These compounds delay glucose absorption, bind free radicals, and stabilize hydroxides that can suppress oxidative stress conditions. The aim of this study is determined the effect of bajakah extract on serum malondialdehyde in wistar rats induced by streptozotocin. This research is an experimental study using a randomized post-test only control group design. The research sample was 25 male wistar rats ages 2-3 months, grouped into two control groups (K) which were given standard feed (K1) and those given standard feed and induced by streptozotocin (K2) and three treatment groups (P) with bajakah extract intervention as much as 50mg/kgBB (P1), 100mg/kgBB (P2), and 150mg/kgBB (P3). Statistical test using Manova test and Tukey HSD post hoc test. The antioxidant content of the pirated extract is 4.64% phenol, 2.48% flavonoid, 1.06% saponin, and 0.028% tannin. After being given the intervention of bajakah extract for 14 days, the mean serum malondialdehyde levels in groups P1 (2.43±0.33 nmol/L), P2 (1.98±0.50 nmol/L), and P3 (1.79±0.29 nmol/L) were control groups K1 (1.25±0.09 nmol/L) and K2 (3.87±0.70 nmol/L). Based on statistical tests, there were differences in serum malondialdehyde between the control and treatment groups after being given the pirated extract for 2 weeks (p<0.05). The conclusion was obtained that the provision of bajakah extract had antidiabetic and antioxidant activity, was able to reduce serum malondialdehyde in wistar rats with hyperglycemia.

Role of Cigarette Smoking on Serum Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme and Its Association With Inflammation and Lipid Peroxidation.

IntroductionCigarette smoking promotes angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) production and causes a substantial change in inflammation and oxidative stress, resulting in an increase in antioxidant activity and lipid peroxidation.ObjectiveThe study's goal is to determine the role of cigarette smoking on serum ACE and its relation with inflammatory markers and lipid peroxidation.MethodsThe cross-sectional study consists of three groups. The study participants are all men between the age group of 20 to 55 years. Group 1 includes 120 healthy controls as nonsmokers, Group 2 consists of 120 active smokers with coronary heart disease (CHD) and Group 3 includes 120 active smokers with diabetic CHD patients attending the SRM Medical College Hospital in Tamil Nadu for cardiology and medical Outpatient. Measurements of serum ACE, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9) were performed using the ELISA method (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Using a spectrophotometric approach, the total antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation, particularly Malondialdehyde (MDA), were assessed.ResultsThe mean serum ACE (92.35±10.28), oxLDL (48.59±8.56), hs-CRP (5.87±1.62), MMP-9 (89.20±30.19), and MDA (1.146±0.198) levels were significantly (p-value <0.0001) higher in smokers with CHD and diabetes (group 3) when compared to group 1 and group 2. On the other hand, the total antioxidant capacity (0.413±0.097) of smokers of group 3 was found to be (p<0.0001) significantly lower than those of group 1 and group 2. The study also demonstrated a significant correlation between ACE with MDA, ox-LDL, total antioxidant capacity, hs-CRP, MMP-9, smoking load, and smoking intensity in smokers.ConclusionThe study concludes a substantial correlation exists in smokers owing to ACE modification, which results in inflammation and lipid peroxidation activation. This is strongly associated with an increased risk of major cardiovascular events.

Role of Oxidative Stress in Obese and Nonobese PCOS Patients.

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the oxidant-antioxidant status, endothelial dysfunction, lipid metabolism, and metabolic syndrome risk in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Materials and Methods Forty-five obese (BMI >30 kg/m2) woman diagnosed with PCOS in the study, forty-five nonobese (BMI <30 kg/m2) PCOS diagnosis working groups, and forty-nine healthy control groups were created with patients. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels with antioxidant activities, such as SOD, GSH, GPx, and CAT activities, were measured by spectrophotometry. Results There was a statistically significant difference in the mean serum MDA level in the obese PCOS group compared to the nonobese group and the control group (p < 0.001). When the antioxidant parameters, such as SOD, GPx, GSH, and CAT, were compared with the healthy control group, nonobese, and obese PCOS groups, the difference between the groups was statistically significant (p < 0.001). A positive correlation was observed between MDA and BMI, triglyceride, LDL, SBP, DBP, and HOMA-IR in the PCOS patient group. Conclusion Oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant parameters in PCOS patients were correlated with hyperinsulinemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia findings, and we think that this oxidative stress condition may contribute to metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases in PCOS patients.

THE EFFECT OF CARBIMAZOLE ON OXIDATIVE STRESS IN HYPERTHYROID PATIENT

There is effect of Carbimazole on oxidative stress with Hyperthyroidism. To assess the oxidative stress and total antioxidant capacity in hyperthyroid patient and evaluate the effect of Carbimazole on oxidative stress and total antioxidant status. Case series study design. The study was conducted in departments of general surgery outpatient private clinic of and AL-Jumhori teaching hospital. The study period between Dec .1st, 2020 and April.1st, 2021. Thirty patients newly diagnosed with hyperthyroidism and thirty healthy volunteers as control group were participated in the study. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant status (T-AOC) were measured control group and also measured in patients with hyperthyroidism before and after taking Carbimazole therapy for two months duration. Indicated an increase in mean serum MDA level (4.74 ± 3.62 ng/ml), also there was a significantly lower level of T-AOC (6.72 ± 3.08 U/ml) in patients with HTH disorder before therapy in comparison with the control group (1.83 ± 0.47 ng/ml), (10.38 ± 2.32 U/ml), respectively. After two months of antithyroid therapy (Carbimazole), there was a significant reduction in MDA levels (2.51 ± 1.99 ng/ml),(P-value = 0.001) and a significant increase in serum T-AOC level (8.57 ± 3.09 U/ml), (P-value = 0.001) in comparison to their values before therapy. The present study demonstrated that hyperthyroid patients have increased level of malondialdehyde and decreased levels of total antioxidants capacity than the control group while hyperthyroid patients treated with Carbimazole for two months have decreased level of MDA and increased levels of T-AOC than their levels before treatment. This result may give a new insight that Carbimazole may exhibit its effect in the management of hyperthyroidism by acting as an antioxidant.

Biomarker Level of Oxidative Stress after Oral Supplementation of Vitamin C in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most widespread endocrine disorders and its complications are increasing all over the world. Hyperglycemia causes excess free radicals generation leading to oxidative stress which is responsible for micro vascular and macro vascular complications. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level may reflect oxidative stress in type 2 DM. Vitamin C has been suggested to be an important antioxidant for scavenging oxygen-derived free radicals. Objective: To observe the effects of oral supplementation of vitamin C on biomarker level of oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Method: From July 2015 to June 2016, a prospective interventional study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. A total of 33 diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients of both sexes with age ranging from 40 to 55 years were chosen. The study group consisted of 17 type 2 diabetic patients who received vitamin C (1000 mg/day) supplements for 6 weeks. Another 16 age-matched type 2 diabetic patients were used as a control group for comparison, with no vitamin C supplementation. All subjects in both groups were studied twice, once at the beginning of the study (baseline) and once after 6 weeks of study. Result: At the beginning of the study, the mean MDA level was almost identical, and the difference between the control and study groups was not statistically significant (baseline). The mean serum MDA level in diabetic patients was significantly (p&lt;0.001) reduced after six weeks of vitamin C supplementation compared to their baseline value. Again, after 6 weeks, serum MDA level was significantly (p=0.002) lower in vitamin C supplemented patients compared to control group who were not supplemented with vitamin C. Conclusion: Supplementation of vitamin C is found effective in reducing the biomarker level of oxidative stress.

MALONDIALDEHYDE IN TYPE 2 DIABETICS AND ASSOCIATION WITH CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a progressive chronicdisease with high prevalence all over the world. It is expected to have 693million people affected by diabetes by 2045. Many body systems areaffected due to complications of DM with major effect on thecardiovascular system. Dyslipidemia is one of the major risk factors forcardiovascular disease in diabetes mellitus. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is ahighly toxic end product formed by lipid oxidation that mediates its toxiceffects due to its high reactivity particularly towards proteins and DNA.Malondialdehyde interacts both irreversibly and reversibly with proteinsand phospholipids causing profound effects, especially in the collagen ofthe cardiovascular system. Normally, MDA level remains within normalvalues due to antioxidant effects, but in DM these protective effects aredisrupted.Objective: Measure serum Malondialdehyde level as a marker of lipidperoxidation in type 2 diabetic patients and its association with othercardiovascular risk factors.Patients and methods: The study included 40 diabetic patients recruitedfrom Outpatient Diabetes Clinic at Alexandria Main University Hospitalin addition to healthy 40 healthy subjects as a control group. Basic data,clinical examination and laboratory analysis were obtained from all thesubjects within the two groups. Serum Malondialdehyde (MDA) wasmeasured in the participants within the two groups by using ELISA kit.Results: The mean serum MDA level was statistically significant higherin the diabetic cases as compared to the controls (Median MDA was30.72nmol /ml in cases and 25.16 nmol /ml in the control). There is asignificant increase in serum MDA level with increasing the risk of CVdisease in the whole study subjects and in the diabetic cases. In the casesgroup MDA shows positive correlation with all the study parametersexcept high density lipoproteins (HDL) where it revealed negativecorrelation. BY ROC curve analysis, a cutoff point more than > 26.57 had62.5% sensitivity, 70% specificity, 66.4 % positive predictive value (PPV)and 72.5% negative predictive value (NPV).Conclusion: Malondialdehyde is a non-invasive biomarker that could beutilized in differentiation of T2DM cases form healthy controls in additionfor identifying the high-risk diabetic patients for cardiovascular disease(CVD). However, further large-scale studies are recommended toaccurately determine its sensitivity and specificity.

Serum prolidase, malondialdehyde and catalase levels for the evaluation of oxidative stress in patients with peripheral vertigo.

We aimed to evaluate oxidative stress in patients with peripheral vertigo by measuring serum prolidase, malondialdehyde (MDA) and catalase levels. A total of 30 patients (age: 60 <) with peripheral vertigo and 30 healthy subjects were recruited. Blood samples were collected from both groups and serum prolidase levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). MDA and catalase levels were measured by the spectrophotometric method. The most common cause of vertigo was BPPV (53.3%), followed by Ménière's disease (16.6%), vestibular neuritis (13.3%), lateral semicircular canal fistula (3.3%), and idiopathic vertigo (13.3%). Mean serum prolidase activity and MDA levels were significantly higher in the vertigo patients than in the control subjects (P < 0.05); however, there was no statistically significant difference in mean serum catalase levels between the groups (P > 0.05). We concluded that serum prolidase and MDA levels may be used as markers of oxidative stress in patients with peripheral vertigo.

Effects of Spirulina platensis extract on serum Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and differential leukocyte count on motor vehicle exhaust emissions exposure (in vivo study on Wistar rats)

The particulate matter in vehicle emission has been shown to cause an increase in free radical levels which can increase serum MDA levels and leukocyte count. Spirulina platensis is an algae that has antioxidant effects that can scavenge free radicals. In this research, twenty-four of wistar mice are divided into 4 groups. Groups X1 and X2 received vehicle emission smoke exposure treatment and were given oral Spirulina platensis extract at a dose of 500 and 750 mg / kgBW / day for 14 days, the negative control group (C2) was given 0.9% NaCl orally and the normal control group did not get vehicle emission smoke exposure and Spirulina platensis extract. Serum MDA levels were checked by ELISA method and leukocyte count by giemsa staining. Data analysis was performed by using the one-way ANOVA test followed by Post Hoc Bonferroni. The results showed the mean serum MDA levels there was a significant difference between group C2 and group X2. In the mean absolute value of neutrophils and lymphocytes, there were significant differences between the C2 group with the administration of X1 and X2. In the mean absolute value of eosinophils and monocytes, there were significant differences between groups C1 and C2 and group X2 and between groups X1 and C1. Furthermore, the given doses of Spirulina platensis extract at a dose of 750mg / kgBW had an effect on serum MDA levels as well as the number of neutrophils and lymphocytes and the administration of doses of 500 and 750mg / kgBW affected the number of eosinophils and monocytes.

P0622FIGHTING AGAINST PROXIMAL AND DISTAL TUBULAR DAMAGE BY REDUCING INFLAMMATORY BURDEN AFTER CARDIAC SURGERY

Abstract Background and Aims Going on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) during cardiac surgery causes systemic inflammatory response syndrome. In different studies Pentoxifylline and Calcitriol have shown inhibitory effects on pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) accompanying with production of free oxygen radicals in the ischemic reperfusion injury. On the other hand, they have positive effects on reducing oxidative stress. To investigate the effects of these drugs on reducing tubular injury after CABG surgery, by their anti-inflammatory properties we compared pre- and postoperative levels of urinary NGAL (as a proximal tubular damage marker), KIM-1 level (as a distal tubular damage marker), serum level of Malondialdehyde (MDA) (as an oxidative stress marker) and serum inflammatory markers such as IL-6, IL-8, and TNF levels in two groups of patients undergoing CABG, those who received Pentoxifylline and Calcitriol before surgery and those who didn't Method After signing an informed consent, 150 consecutive adult patients undergoing elective on-pump CABG were enrolled in a randomized control trial. Patients with collagen-vascular disease or having a history of treatment with immunosuppressive agents, corticosteroids (&amp;gt; 3 days), Methylxantines, Diltiazem or sodium Nitroprusside and patients with a history of angiography in the past 7 days or hemorrhagic diathesis and coagulopathy, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, sepsis, renal failure (sCr &amp;gt; 2 mg/dl), hepatic failure (AST or ALT &amp;gt; 40 U/L) or urinary tract infection were excluded. All patients received the same anesthetic regimen and routine CPB management. The patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups: PTX was administered as an oral 400 mg tab every 12hours plus IV Calcitriol (0.01 mcg/kg) daily starting from 3 days before surgery. In the control group placebo tab and IV injection of normal saline were prescribed in the same direction. Results Results demonstrated that after three days prophylactic use of oral pentoxifylline plus IV Calcitriol there is improvement in selected checked inflammatory markers in the intervention group. Moreover Pentoxifylline+ Calcitriol showed beneficial effects by controlling the oxidative stress burden and reducing the mean serum MDA level in the patients undergoing CABG who are at risk of developing AKI as a post surgery complication. Probably by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress combination of these two drugs before CABG could decrease proximal and distal tubular damage which presented with significantly lower levels of uNGAL and KIM-1, as markers of tubular injury, in the intervention group. Conclusion Combination of Pentoxifylline and Calcitriol showed a promising prophylactic role in patients undergoing CABG with anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant properties. This study provided scope of add-on drug therapy for better prognosis in post CABG population, involving risk of endothelial dysfunction and renal tubular damage due to inflammatory milieu and renders support to future prospective clinical studies to demonstrate net control of inflammation and oxidative stress after cardiac surgery.

Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Selected Antioxidant Enzymes and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers

Introduction: Cigarette Smoking (CS) is the single greatest preventable cause of disease and death and is rich in Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species (ROS and RNS). These can cause the production of other free radicals, which, in turn, initiate lipid peroxidation and cause several diseases. Free radical scavenger enzymes namely Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) represent the enzymatic part that have the ability to inhibit oxidative stress by scavenging the highly destructive free radicals. Aim: To study the effect of CS on selected antioxidant enzymes and oxidative stress biomarkers. Materials and Methods: A case control study was conducted from September 2016 to September 2019 in which total of 284 healthy (without any systemic diseases) cigarette smokers (cases) in the age group of 18-60 years compared with age and sex matched 284 nonsmokers (controls) were included in the study. Estimation of serum 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay (ELISA), Malondialdehyde (MDA) by Thiobarbuturic Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS), SOD by water soluble tetrazolium salt 1, GPx and CAT by colorimetric method. The analysis was carried out using the SPSS 19.0.2 program for windows. Unpaired t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to analyse all the data for statistical significance. Results: The mean Serum MDA and 8-OHdG levels were significantly raised 7.47±1.84, 63.41±22.44 as compared to nonsmokers (3.90±1.03, 40.04±20.14) and serum SOD, Gpx and CAT levels were decreased 62.55±19.97, 44.45±16.60 and 12.92±10.16 in cigarette smokers as compared to nonsmokers 274.04±68.37, 208.56±75.63 and 127.82±18.68, respectively. These differences were also found to be statistically significant in cigarette smokers according to duration and number of cigarette smoked at the level of &lt;0.05. Conclusion: Cigarette Smoking, especially long-term smoking may leads to significant changes in the enzymatic antioxidant defense systems of smokers. Discontinuation of smoking and general awareness needs to be created to minimise the risk of smoking related diseases.

Relationship between Oxidative Stress, Serum Zinc Level and Systemic Arterial Blood Pressure in Smokers and Non-smokers

Background and Aim: Either active or passive smoking causes damage to the heart and blood vessels. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between oxidative stress, serum zinc level and systemic arterial blood pressure in smokers and non-smokers. Methods: A cross sectional comparative study was done. Apparently healthy subjects of age 18-45 years including 40 smokers and 40 non-smokers residing in Magway Township, Myanmar were recruited. Serum zinc level was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry method. Serum malondialdehyde level was used as oxidative stress marker and measured by spectrophotometry. Systemic arterial blood pressure was measured by indirect method using mercury sphygmomanometer. Results: Mean serum zinc level of smokers (51.25±7.5 μg/dL) was significantly lower than that of non-smokers (92.91±27.46 μg/dL) (P< 0.001). Mean serum malondialdehyde level of smokers (0.78±0.14 μmol/L) was significantly higher than that of non-smokers (0.24±0.09 μmol/L) (P< 0.001). Mean Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) of non-smokers was 120.95±5.02 mmHg and that of smokers was 126.55±6.14 mmHg (P<0.05). There was significant negative correlation between serum malondialdehyde level and serum zinc level (r = - 0.75, P< 0.001, n=80). There was also significant negative correlation between serum zinc level and SBP (r = - 0.477, p< 0.001, n=80). There was positive correlation between serum malondialdehyde level and SBP (r = 0.487, p< 0.001, n=80). Conclusion: It could be concluded that smoking increases oxidative stress and decreases serum zinc level and these two changes might contribute to increase in blood pressure in smokers.

Status of malondialdehyde, catalase and superoxide dismutase levels/activities in schoolchildren with iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anemia of Kashere and its environs in Gombe State, Nigeria

BackgroundIron-deficiency anemia (IDA) or iron deficiency (ID) is by far the most common form of disorder affecting the cognitive development, physical growth and school performance of children in developing countries including Nigeria. ObjectivesIn the present study, we aimed to examine whether IDA or ID, or both are associated with oxidative stress or otherwise by assessing the perturbations in oxidative stress markers including malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). MethodsHere, a total of eighty-one IDA, ID, and healthy control subjects of twenty-seven replicates each, were recruited and investigated. Human serum MDA, CAT and SOD levels were quantitatively analyzed using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbant Assay. ResultsMean serum MDA levels of IDA (5.10 ± 2.35 mmol/L) and ID (4.05 ± 1.35 mmol/L) groups were found to perturb significantly (p < 0.05), being higher than those of control (3.30 ± 0.95 mmol/L) subjects. Similarly, mean serum MDA levels of IDA (5.10 ± 2.35 mmol/L) group was found to be significantly (p < 0.05) higher when compared with ID (4.05 ± 1.35 mmol/L) subjects. Conversely, mean serum CAT and SOD activities of IDA (8.35 ± 2.21 ng/mL and 340.70 ± 153.65 ng/mL) group were found to differ significantly (p < 0.05), and those of ID (9.40 ± 1.47 ng/mL and 435.00 ± 144.75 ng/mL) subjects were found to perturb slightly (p > 0.05), being lower than those of control (10.40 ± 4.31 ng/mL and 482.12 ± 258.37 ng/mL) subjects. ConclusionsTaken together, the results of the present study showed that lipid peroxidation was dramatically increased in both IDA and ID subjects in hydroperoxide-superoxide-dependent manner; in contrast, enzymatic antioxidant capacity was drastically decreased in both IDA and ID groups as evidenced by biochemical markers.

Lipid peroxidation marker in saliva of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with oral manifestations – A Clinical and biochemical study.

Background: Type 2 Diabetes progresses gradually and in a stepwise order. It commences with insulin resistance and progresses slowly with time until the body fails to maintain glucose homeostasis. These alterations are accompanied with changes in lipid peroxidation. The determination of the oxidative stress requires sometimes invasive techniques. Exploring saliva for oxidative stress has great clinical interestObjective: The present study was undertaken to estimate, compare and correlate the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the serum and saliva of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with oral manifestations and healthy controls.Materials and Methods: Serum and salivary Malondialdehyde levels were estimated in 45 healthy subjects (Group I) and 45 patients with Type 2 Diabetes with oral manifestations (Group II). Estimation of Random blood sugar levels were done by GOD-PAP methodology. The data obtained from the present study was analyzed using SPSS software. Independent T test was used to compare the levels in the study and control group. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to correlate the changes in serum and saliva. P&lt; 0.05 was considered significant.Results:The mean serum Malondialdehyde levels in Group I was 0.958 μM/l, while the mean serum Malondialdehyde levels of Group II was 2.828 μM/l. The mean salivary Malondialdehyde levels in Group I was 0.217 μM/l, while the mean salivary Malondialdehyde levels of Group II was 0.688μM/l. The mean serum and salivary Malondialdehyde levels were significantly increased in subjects with Type 2 Diabetes with oral manifestations in comparison to the healthy subjects. Fair positive correlation was observed between serum and salivary Malondialdehyde levels in Group I (r = 0.341) and very good positive correlation was observed between serum and salivary Malondialdehyde levels in Group II (r = 0.613).Conclusion: Serum and salivary Malondialdehyde was significantly higher in subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with oral manifestations when compared to healthy controls. The increase in serum and salivary levels of MDA, shows that free radicals are formed disproportionately in diabetes mellitus by glucose degradation, non-enzymatic glycation of proteins, and the subsequent oxidative degradation, which may play an important role in the development of complications in diabetic patients. Fair positive correlation was found between serum and salivary Malondialdehyde in healthy subjects and very good positive correlation was observed between serum and salivary Malondialdehyde in subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with oral manifestations. This study highlights that type 2 diabetic patients undergo abnormally high levels of oxidative stress. Hence exploring saliva for oxidative stress is of great importance. Thus saliva could be used as a reliable, non-invasive tool in the assessment of oxidative status.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.17(4) 2018 p.644-651

Assessment of Lipid Peroxidation Levels and Total Antioxidant Status in Chronic and Aggressive Periodontitis Patients: An in vivo Study

Periodontitis is a common problem affecting a significant population of the world. For the assessment of oxidative stress of an individual, total oxidation status (TOS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) are the significant biomarkers. Hence, we planned the present study to assess malondialde-hyde (MDA), TOS, TAOC levels, and oxidative stress index (OSI) in generalized aggressive periodontitis (GP) and chronic periodontitis (CP) patients. The present study included assessment of 40 CP patients, 40 GP patients, and 40 healthy controls. Clinical assessment of all the subjects was done by measuring the probing depth (PD), clinical attachment (CL), gingival index (GI), gingival bleeding index (GBI), and plaque index (PI). Salivary and serum samples were taken and assessed by standard procedures as described previously in the literature. All the values were assessed and compared. Significant results were obtained while comparing all the periodontal parameters in between various study groups. Mean serum MDA levels in the CP, GP, and control group were found to be 0.68, 0.65, and 0.61 μM respectively. Statistically nonsignificant results were obtained while comparing the serum MDA levels in between the three study groups. Significant results were obtained while comparing the mean serum and salivary TOS values, TAOC values, and OSI in between various study groups. In periodontitis patients, oxidative stress was significantly higher in comparison with healthy subjects. Oxidative parameters do play a significant role in the pathologic profile of periodontitis.

Altered levels of serum Copper, Magnesium as a marker of oxidative stress in Predicting Systemic Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia due to defective insulin secretion or action. Trace elements like Copper(Cu) and magnesium (Mg) have been found to be altered in diabetes mellitus and induce reactive oxygen species which has got role in progression of disease. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a surrogate marker of oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Aims And Objectives: Propose of the study was to estimate serum magnesium (Mg), copper and MDA levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and to compare with that of healthy individuals, also to identify the interrelationship among these and copper &magnesium can be used as an alternate marker of oxidative stress when MDA not available. Materials And Methods:The study included 75 control healthy individuals without Type2 DM and 75 Cases with type 2 DM. Serum concentrations of Glucose, Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, LDL-C, HDL-C, HbA1c, Magnesium, Copper and MDA was measured. Student's t-test, Pearson correlations tests were used for statistical analysis. Results And Observations: The serum copper level was found to be significantly increased in type 2 DM with HbA1C >7% (157.32±16.89) when compared to control (106.24±25.99). The serum Mg level was found to be significantly decreased (1.62±0.29) (p 7 when compared to control (1.82±0.18). We found a significant increased level of serum Total Cholesterol and LDL-c and Triglycerides and decreased HDL-c in type 2 DM subjects with (p 7% when compared to control. MDA (4.62+1.17nmol/L) in type 2 DM patients when compared to controls(1.4+0.8 nmol/L)( p< 0.0001). Overall, mean serum MDA level in the study group was significantly higher than in the controls. Conclusion: Patients with DM had altered metabolism of Cu (hypercuprimiea) and Mg (hypomagnesaemia). As Cu and Mg has got role in metal induced free radical formation which leads to oxidative stress we compared with novel oxidative marker MDA and concluded that these two trace elements can be used as marker of oxidative stress, which can predict systemic inflammation in type 2 DM to prevent well know complication in advance

Effect of total flavonoids from Scutellaria baicalensis on dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of Scutellaria baicalensis stem-leaf total flavonoid (SSTF) on the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease (PD). The mouse model was established by intravenous injection of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). SSTF (5 mg/kg) was administered to the mice before or after MPTP injection, and the effects of SSTF on the behavior of the mice and the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra were assessed. In addition, the level of serum malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured. Following injection of MPTP, the number of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra was decreased and the neurons appeared atrophic. In addition, the level of serum MDA in the MPTP mice increased. The mean behavioral scores and the number of dopaminergic neurons in the SSTF treatment groups were significantly higher than in the MPTP group (P<0.05), and the mean serum MDA levels were significantly lower (P<0.05). Thus, SSTF improves the behaviors and the numbers of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra in MPTP-induced PD in mice. These beneficial effects appear to be associated with the reduction in serum MDA.