Maximum Transverse Research Articles

Definition of the stress-strain state of a glued laminated timber beam reinforced with composite strips using experimental method

The trend in the development of the construction industry worldwide requires increasing attention to ecological aspects, which means that materials with minimal negative impact on the environment are becoming increasingly popular. At the same time, these materials must possess high strength and durability against various external influences and loads. From this perspective, constructions made of wood and its derivatives are gaining the most popularity. Such constructions, made from renewable natural resources, exhibit relatively high strength at relatively low density, thus belonging to such materials. Although wood has its drawbacks, such as susceptibility to drying, rotting, and anisotropy of properties, these drawbacks can be completely mitigated in glued laminated timber structures. Glued laminated timber beams, which are the primary structural element of many buildings and structures, are the most widespread. Therefore, the issue of significantly increasing their rigidity and strength through reinforcement with composite materials is particularly relevant. This article proposes a methodology for determining the stress-strain state of a glued laminated timber beam reinforced with composite strips. The results include deformation parameters of the experimental model, actual elastic modules during bending, maximum longitudinal stresses at the center of the span, along the load application axis, and along the support axis. Additionally, maximum transverse and shear stresses along the load application axis and along the support axis are determined. The actual maximum load-bearing capacity of the experimental model reinforced with composite strips is established.

Evaluating growth patterns of abdominal aortic aneurysms among women

ObjectiveThough initially protected from vessel dilation by estrogen, women may experience rapid abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) growth post-menopause. The rate of growth has been poorly defined in prior literature. Here, we describe aneurysm growth in a cohort of women found through an AAA screening program. MethodsWomen with AAAs were retrospectively identified. Aortic imaging was reviewed, and measurements of maximum transverse and anterior-posterior diameters were completed. Growth was stratified by the type of aortic pathology (fusiform aneurysm, aortic ectasia, dissection with aneurysmal degeneration, saccular aneurysm) as well as size category (<3 cm, 3.0-3.9 cm, 4.0-4.9 cm, ≥5.0 cm) at diagnosis. ResultsA cohort of 488 women was identified; 286 had multiple scans for review. The mean age of the entire cohort was 75 ± 9.9 years. Stratified by type of pathology, the mean age was 76 ± 8.9 years in patients with a fusiform AAA, 74 ± 9.8 years in ectasia, 65 ± 13.7 years in dissection, and 76 ± 5.6 years in saccular aneurysms. The maximum growth was highest in women with fusiform AAAs, followed by dissection, ectasia, and saccular pathology (9.7 mm, 7.0 mm, 3.0 mm, and 2.2 mm, respectively; P < .001). Comparing mean growth by year, the highest mean growth was in fusiform AAAs (3.6 mm vs 1.75 mm in dissection; P < .001). The Shapiro-Wilk test demonstrated that mean growth per year was non-normally distributed with a right skew. Stratified by aortic diameter at the time of diagnosis, mean growth/year increased with increasing size at diagnosis in fusiform AAAs and dissection (0.91 mm for <3 cm, 2.34 mm for 3.0-3.9 cm, 2.49 mm for 4.0-4.9 mm, and 6.16 mm for ≥5.0 cm in patients with fusiform AAAs vs 0.57 mm, 0.94 mm, 1.87 mm, and 2.66 mm, respectively, for patients with dissection). Smoking history was associated with a higher mean growth/year (2.6 mm vs 3.3 mm; P < .001). Conversely, patients with a family history of AAA had a lower mean growth/year (3.2 mm vs 1.5 mm; P < .001). ConclusionsThe rate of aneurysm growth in women varies based on pathology and aneurysm size, and women experience rapid aneurysm growth at sizes greater than 4.5 cm. Current screening guidelines are inadequate, and our results demonstrate that the rate of growth of fusiform aneurysms in women is faster than in men at a smaller size and may warrant more frequent surveillance than current Society for Vascular Surgery recommendations to prevent risk of increased morbidity.

High-grade prostate cancer demonstrates preferential growth in the cranio-caudal axis and provides discrimination of disease grade in an MRI parametric model.

To determine if multiparametric MRI prostate cancer (PC) lesion dimensions in different axes could distinguish between PC, grade group (GG) >2, and GG >3 on targeted transperineal biopsy and create and validate a predictive model on a separate cohort. The maximum transverse, anterio-posterior, and cranio-caudal lesion dimensions were assessed against the presence of any cancer, GG >2, and GG >3 on biopsy by binary logistic regression. The optimum multivariate models were evaluated on a separate cohort. One hundred and ninety-three lesions from 148 patients were evaluated. Increased lesion volume, Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA), Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System score, and decreased Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) were associated with increased GG (P < .001). The ratio of cranio-caudal to anterior-posterior lesion dimension increased from 1.20 (95% CI, 1.14-1.25) for GG ≤ 3 to 1.43 (95% CI, 1.28-1.57) for GG > 3 (P = .0022). The cranio-caudal dimension of the lesion was the strongest predictor of GG >3 (P = .000, area under the receiver operator characteristic curve [AUC] = 0.81). The best multivariate models had an AUC of 0.84 for cancer, 0.88 for GG > 2, and 0.89 for GG > 3. These models were evaluated on a separate cohort of 40 patients with 61 lesions. They demonstrated an AUC, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.82, 82.3%, and 55.5%, respectively, for the detection of cancer. For GG > 2, the models achieved an AUC of 0.84, sensitivity of 91.7%, and specificity of 69.4%. Additionally, for GG > 3, the models showed an AUC of 0.92, sensitivity of 88.9%, and specificity of 98.1%. Cranio-caudal lesion dimension when used in conjunction with other parameters can create a model superior to the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data Systems score in predicting cancer. Higher-grade PC has a propensity to grow in the cranio-caudal direction, and this could be factored into MRI-based predictive models of prostate biopsy grade.

A retrospective study of 3D measurement and analysis applied in the morphological evaluation of achalasia cardia.

Achalasia cardia (AC) is defined as a disorder of esophageal motility whose diagnostic gold standard depends on high-resolution manometry (HRM). The invasiveness of HRM can cause difficulties in diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up for patients with AC. Thus, we aimed to investigate the function of 3D reconstruction and measurement to prove the wide application of this alternative non-invasive approach for AC. A total of 126 patients with AC and 40 healthy subjects in Tianjin Medical University General Hospital from January 2018 to October 2022 were enrolled in this retrospective study. Chest CT images of these subjects were used to reconstruct the 3D models of the esophagus, stomach, spine, left crus, and right crus. Measurements of esophagus length, volume of esophagus, gastroesophageal insertion angle (His angle), max thickness of esophageal wall, esophagus maximum transverse and longitudinal diameter, esophagus-spine angle, and spine-lower esophageal sphincter (LES) angle were applied based on the models. Retrocardiac esophagus length, volume of esophagus, max thickness of esophageal wall, esophagus maximum transverse and longitudinal diameter, thoracic esophagus-spine angle, and spine-LES angle in the AC group were higher than those in the control group (all P values <0.05). Among the three subtypes of AC, thoracic esophagus length, intra-abdominal LES length, volume of esophagus, His angle, esophagus maximum transverse and longitudinal diameter, and thoracic esophagus-spine angle all presented statistical differences (all P values <0.05). Correlation analysis revealed that manometric types were positively associated with His angle [r=0.196; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.009, 0.372; P=0.028] but negatively associated with volume of esophagus (r=-0.480; 95% CI: -0.639, -0.310; P<0.001), esophagus maximum transverse diameter (r=-0.551; 95% CI: -0.679, -0.400; P<0.001), esophagus maximum longitudinal diameter (r=-0.518; 95% CI: -0.649, -0.366; P<0.001), and thoracic esophagus-spine angle (r=-0.324; 95% CI: -0.479, -0.157; P<0.001). This study successfully presented the differences in esophageal length, volume, thickness, and angles between healthy subjects and different AC subtypes on the basis of 3D reconstruction and measurement. Thus, 3D model and measurement can be regarded as a good support for further research and make a valuable contribution to developing non-invasive approaches for AC management.

Morphological characteristics and a new classification system of the inferior pole fracture of the patella: A computer-tomography–based study

PurposeThe objective of this study was to measure the morphological characteristics of inferior pole fracture of the patella (IPFP) and develop a practical classification system to determine the corresponding treatment protocols for different IPFPs with specific patterns. MethodsA retrospective radiographic review was performed on a series of 71 patients with IPFP. The preoperative CT data were collected and measured using image processing software. The number of fragments, maximum fracture fragment anteroposterior length (MFFAL), maximum fracture fragment transverse length (MFFTL), fracture fragment coronal angle (FFCA), fracture fragment sagittal angle (FFSA), maximum fracture fragment height (MFFH) and maximum transverse sectional area (MTSA) were analysed. ResultsThe mean number of fracture fragments was 3.8. The average MFFAL was 14.9 mm, the average MFFTL was 23.5 mm, the average FFCA was 92.1°, the average FFSA was 93.0°, the average MFFH was 13.6 mm, and the average MTSA was 299.3 mm2. A new classification system was introduced to describe the varied patterns of IPFP, summarized as (I) simple IPFP; (II) comminuted IPFP; (III) simple IPFP with simple patellar body fracture; and (IV) comminuted patellar fracture involving the inferior pole. With the four-type classification system, 12 type I, 22 type II, 21 type III, and 16 type IV lesions were observed, each with specific morphological characteristics. ConclusionMost IPFPs exhibited a diversiform pattern, demonstrating that coverage fixation was likely needed. The four-type classification system might offer a valuable approach to help orthopaedic surgeons make individual treatment plans.

Directionality and polarization of response spectral ordinates in the 2023 Kahramanmaras, Türkiye earthquake doublet

Until recently, the orientation of maximum horizontal spectral response was generally believed to not have a predominant orientation at rupture distances greater than 5 km. However, a recent study found that the orientation of maximum spectral response for strike-slip earthquakes in the NGA-West2 database tends to occur close to the epicentral transverse orientation, that is, an orientation perpendicular to a line connecting the epicenter to the station. This article investigates directionality in the 6 February 2023 Türkiye doublet earthquakes ( Mw 7.8 and 7.5) with strike-slip faulting. The orientation of the maximum response of 5%-damped linear elastic oscillators was studied. The spatial distribution of the level of polarization, which in this article refers to the amount of directionality, and intensities at specific orientations were also studied. The maximum spectral response was found to occur systematically close to the epicentral transverse orientation, consistent with previous observations for other strike-slip earthquakes. For the Mw 7.8 event where the location of maximum slip was relatively far from the epicenter, it was found that the orientation of maximum spectral response is, on average, closer to the maximum slip transverse orientation (i.e. perpendicular to a line connecting the station to the surface projection of the point of maximum slip) when compared to the epicentral transverse orientation over most period ranges. This suggests that the maximum slip transverse orientation may be a better estimator for determining the orientation of maximum spectral response in large-magnitude strike-slip earthquakes, although further study using more events is warranted. Polarized motions were observed over large geographical areas, and the orientation of maximum spectral response was found to be close to the epicentral or maximum slip transverse for Joyner–Boore distances up to the farthest studied (400 km). These findings further support the case for the development of orientation-dependent ground motion models for strike-slip earthquakes.

Mechanical properties and microstructure revolution of vibration assisted wire arc additive manufacturing 2319 aluminum alloy

In this study, a hybrid wire arc additive manufacturing (HWAAM) process that combines low-frequency vibration with cold metal transfer (CMT) arc is proposed to address the problems of porosity, coarse grains, and low mechanical performance encountered in WAAM aluminum alloys. The effects of different vibration frequencies on the microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated. The results indicated that as the vibration frequency increases, the grain size refinement reaches a maximum of 19.1% compared with the non-vibrated specimen. Vibration can enhance the fluidity and the cooling rate of the weld pool. The fatigue fracture of dendrite arms is the main mechanism of microstructure grain refinement caused by vibration. The dynamic bending stress induced by vibration on the dendrite arms and the root remelting phenomenon are the dominant factors for the dendrite fragmentation. Increasing the vibration frequency did not result in an obvious improvement in the tensile strength of the specimens, but did significantly increase the elongation. With the increase in vibration frequency, the maximum transverse and longitudinal elongation reached 22.2% and 23.5% respectively, a raise of 15.6% and 38.2% compared with non-vibrated specimen. Vibration reduced the size and distribution density of pores on the fracture surface, and increased the dimpled microstructure, improving the mechanical performance of the aluminum alloy.

A new calculation method of bearing reliability of tyre unloader based on heterogeneous dimensional interference model

Bearing is an important rotating support part of tyre unloader, and its fatigue reliability is an important part of the whole system reliability. Because of the huge alternating stress, the support bearing is required to have high fatigue life and reliability. In this paper, combined with stress-strength interference model and statistical theory, the life distribution of bearing steel material is predicted by using group test data; Based on the multi-rigid body dynamics and finite element numerical simulation platform, the reliability of the bearing of tyre unloader under different operating years was predicted by using the different dimensional interference model. The results show that the maximum resultant force of the bearing at the bottom rocker arm of the tyre unloader can reach 150kN, and the maximum transverse and longitudinal forces can reach 108kN and 78kN. When bearing the weight of the whole tyre and turning, the inertia force is the largest, the maximum stress value is 1316.2MPa, which occurs in the bearing inner ring and ball contact part. After the statistics, the stress amplitude distribution of the bearing conforms to Weibull distribution, and the life of the bearing follows lognormal distribution. After 105 tyre unloading, the fatigue reliability of the bearing is lower than 0.82, which is consistent with the actual working condition. Therefore, this model can be used to calculate the fatigue reliability of bearings conveniently and quickly, and provide certain theoretical support for the safety and fatigue reliability prediction of bearings.

Study on the Deformation Induced by Vertical Two-Layer Large Diameter Pipe-Jacking in the Soil-Rock Composite Stratum

Aiming at the features of deformation caused by large diameter vertical two-layer pipe jacking in the soil-rock composite stratum, on-site monitoring and numerical analysis has been done based on an electric power tunnel project constructed with the pipe jacking method, in which the upper tunnel is located in the soil layer and the lower tunnel is partially located in the rock layer. The research shows that: (1) During upper pipe jacking construction, the maximum transverse and longitudinal ground settlements are about three times those of the lower pipe jacking construction, and the maximum horizontal lateral displacement is about 3.3 times the lower pipe jacking construction. (2) Total ground settlement increases rapidly with the reduction of vertical clear spacing of the upper and lower pipe, and the superimposed effect should be taken into consideration during the vertical arranged pipe-jacking construction. (3) The Peck formula, which is used to estimate lateral surface subsidence distribution, is modified to make it more applicable in the soil–rock composite stratum to calculate the ground settlement induced by the construction of pipe-jacking.

Prediction of top-down crack resistance in semi-flexible pavements under coupling effect of rutted surface and temperature gradient

ABSTRACT Top-down cracking (TDC) as a severe type of cracking has been widely reported in pavements with heavy traffic loads and mixtures sensitive to rutting damages. Since the likelihood of TDC increases as a result of weak mastic, semi-flexible pavements (SFPs) grouted with cement asphalt emulsion pastes (CAEPs) were introduced in this study to evaluate its performance in prevalence or mitigation of this problem. Using laboratory tests, the material properties and rutting resistance of SFP with CAEPs were compared to the conventional asphalt mixture. Then comprehensive finite element (FE) models were employed to investigate the influence of rutting damage severity on non-uniform contact stresses and critical TDC responses. Considering various degrees of rutted surface, the critical locations of TDC were predicted based on maximum transverse and shear strain responses. The results demonstrated that the presence of a rutted surface induced the near-surface responses significantly, and the more severe rutting, the higher propensity for TDC. Besides, the location of TDC initiation was greatly influenced by the severity of the rutted surface. Finally, based on SFP performance in the surface layer, CAEP40 was recommended as the best grouting material to reduce the likelihood of TDC and rutting damage development.

Study on residual stress evolution of laser cladding low chromium carbon alloy on low-pressure rotor

The in-service behavior of low-pressure rotor components can potentially be impacted by the residual stress distribution of cladding layers. To predict the evolution of residual stress in a multi-pass multi-layer cladding, a thermal-metallurgical-mechanical model that incorporates the effect of solid-state phase transformation (SSPT) is proposed. In the multi-pass case, high longitudinal tensile stress peaks were generated in the former pass, reaching 588 MPa. With multi-pass deposition, the maximum transverse and longitudinal stresses in the substrate increased to 282 and 523 MPa, respectively, which were adjacent to the heat-affected zone (HAZ). In the multi-layer case, multiple thermal cycles had a significant effect on increasing the longitudinal stress of the substrate plate. The maximum of longitudinal stress reached 634 MPa. In the case of the multi-pass multi-layer, the fluctuation of residual stress was generated inside and on the top surface of the cladding layers. The transverse tensile stress changed from 110 to 10 MPa, and the longitudinal tensile stress decreased from 385 to 173 MPa. The interval of high tensile stress was related to the hatch space of the laser beam. In the simulation of the cladding process on a low-pressure rotor, the residual-stress distributions were not uniform along the cladding sequence. Owing to the heat accumulation and scanning strategy, a compressive stress zone adjacent to the endpoint of the cladding sequence, emerged in the cladding layers and substrate. From the simulation results, to estimate the high residual stress and ease the non-uniform residual stress, the laser scanning strategy should be changed in the actual manufacturing process.

Association of inferior vena cava diameter ratio with outcomes in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding.

ObjectiveTo examine the association of inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter ratio measured using computed tomography with outcomes in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB).MethodsA single-center retrospective observational study was conducted on consecutive patients with GIB who presented to the emergency department. The IVC diameter ratio was calculated by dividing the maximum transverse and anteroposterior diameters perpendicular to it. The association of the IVC diameter ratio with outcomes was examined using multivariable logistic regression analysis. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) of the IVC diameter ratio was calculated, and the sensitivity and specificity, including the cutoff values, were computed.ResultsIn total, 585 patients were included in the final analysis. The in-hospital mortality rate was 4.6% (n=27). The IVC diameter ratio was significantly associated with higher in-hospital mortality in multivariable logistic regression analysis (odds ratio, 1.793; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.239–2.597; P=0.002). The AUC of the IVC diameter ratio for in-hospital mortality was 0.616 (95% CI, 0.498–0.735). With a cutoff of the IVC diameter ratio (≥2.1), the sensitivity and specificity for predicting in-hospital mortality were 44% (95% CI, 26%–65%) and 71% (95% CI, 67%–75%), respectively.ConclusionThe IVC diameter ratio was independently associated with in-hospital mortality in patients with GIB. However, the AUC of the IVC diameter ratio for in-hospital mortality was low.

Numerical and Experiment Studies of Different Path Planning Methods on Mechanical Properties of Composite Components.

The purpose of this paper is to study the effects of different trajectory planning methods on the mechanical properties of components. The scope of the research includes finite element simulation calculation and experimental tests of the actual structure. The test shall be carried out in the whole load range until the failure of the structure occurs. Taking the composite conical shell as an example, a variable angle initial path generation method of the conical shell surface is proposed, and the parallel offset algorithms based on partition and the circumferential averaging are proposed to fill the surface. Then, finite element analysis is carried out for the paths that satisfy the manufacturability requirements, the analysis results show that the maximum deformation and maximum transverse as well as longitudinal stress of fiber of circumferential averaging variable angle path conical shell are reduced by 16.3%, 5.85%, and 19.76%, respectively, of that of the partition variable angle path. Finally, the strength analysis of conical shells manufactured by different trajectory design schemes is carried out through finite element analysis and actual failure tests. The finite element analysis results are in good agreement with the experimental results of the actual structure. The results show that the circumferential uniform variable angle has good quality, and it is proved that the path planning algorithm that coordinates path planning and defect suppression plays an important role in optimizing placement trajectory and improving mechanical properties of parts.

Development and Implementation of a Laser–Camera–UAV System to Measure Total Dynamic Transverse Displacement

AbstractRailroad bridge inspectors are interested in measuring the maximum total transverse displacement of railroad bridges under trains, but these values are generally not easy to obtain in the f...

Adjustable spin Hall effect of light in surface plasmon resonance structure with consideration of angular Imbert–Fedorov shift

For a horizontally polarized Gaussian beam incident on surface plasmon resonance structure composed of prism, silver film, and absorptive liquid, the left- and right-handed circularly polarized components of the reflected beam undergo spin-dependent spatial and angular Imbert–Fedorov (IF) shift. We investigate spin Hall effect of light (SHEL) after the reflected beam travels a distance of Rayleigh range. It is shown that the maximum total transverse shift (TTS) of one spin component at Rayleigh range is always larger than the maximum spatial IF shift, and TTS is more sensitive to variations in the parameters of the structure than spatial IF shift. Furthermore, this SHEL is adjustable by changing the complex refractive index of the absorptive liquid. This research provides a simple way to enhance SHEL and may have potential application of improving the accuracy of sensors based on SHEL.

Analysis on excavation stability of tunnel portal with different design methods

The stability of tunnel portal has its particularity. Due to the influence of natural or human factors, it is easy to produce cracking, landslide, collapse and other diseases. Taking the No.5 highway tunnel of F3 bid in Georgia as the background, using the finite element analysis software MIDAS-GTS to establish a three-dimensional model to simulate the tunnel construction process. The tunnel portal adopts two design schemes of micro pile wall support and bolt mesh shotcrete support. Through the analysis and comparison of the transverse and vertical displacement and stress field characteristics of surrounding rock caused by two schemes of tunnel excavation, the influence of tunnel excavation on the stability of tunnel portal is studied. The numerical results show that the maximum transverse and longitudinal displacements of surrounding rock are 3.55mm and 8.73mm respectively, and the maximum tensile stress is 1.91mpa. Compared with the micro pile wall support design, the bolt mesh shotcrete support scheme is more feasible. The conclusion has a certain guiding role for the construction of highway tunnels in mountain areas.

Determination of gender based on frontal sinus dimensions using multi-detector computed tomography

Background: Remains of skeleton are used for gender identification of individual. However, when the extreme post-mortem changes occur as in explosions and other mass disasters, identification and gender determination is often difficult. The skull is useful in gender assessment of skeletonized remains. Frontal sinus (FS) may be used in gender identification in recovered intact fragments. The present study is aimed to determine the gender based on frontal sinus dimensions using multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT). In our study two hundred and fifteen frontal sinuses were studied with age range from 20 to70 years with median age of 44 were selected for this study. FS dimensions for bilateral right and left sinuses (transverse, cranio-caudal & anteroposterior dimension) were measured from coronal and axial sections (4-mm slice thickness) using MDCT scanner. Transverse and craniocaudal (CC) dimensions of left frontal sinus was found statistically significant. Lower values for maximum transverse length of left FS and CC in female group were detected in comparison to the male group (p 0.002). Methods: Hospital based retrospective study. CT images of patients were retrieved and dimension of bilateral frontal sinuses were analyzed and was recorded on a data sheet. Results: In our study two hundred and fifteen frontal sinuses were studied with the age range from 20 to70 years with median age of 44 were selected for this study. FS dimensions for bilateral right and left sinuses (transverse, cranio-caudal dimension & anteroposterior lengths) were measured from axial and coronal sections(4-mm slice thickness) using MDCT scanner. Transverse and CC of left FS were found to be statistically significant. Lower values for the maximum transverse and CC dimensions of left FS in female group were detected in comparison to the male group (p 0.002). It can be concluded that FS dimensions measurement especially the left transverse and CC length are valuable in studying sexual dimorphism using MDCT image. Conclusion: From the current work, we concluded that CT scan helps in accurate measurements of FS (especially left anteroposterior length) and are valuable in differentiating gender. Keywords: Frontal sinus, Gender differentiation , Paranasal sinus.

Photonic spin Hall effect detection using weak measurement in the SPR structure using antimonene: A sensing application

In this paper, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) structure along with two-dimensional (2-D) antimonene material is proposed to enhanced the photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE). It is showed that the gold (Au) based SPR structure with antimonene can effectively improve the PSHE due to the SPR effect and the strong spin-orbit coupling of antimonene. The maximum transverse beam displacement (δH−) with the help of weak measurement technique for the H polarization can be up to 61.67 μm under the optimized thickness of Au layer, which is much greater than the previously reported δH− values as well as Au based SPR structure with graphene and MoS2. Also, SPR structure with antimonene is utilized for biosensing based on PSHE and found that the sensitivity 5468 μm/RIU, which is more than two times higher than the graphene based SPR structure. It is believed that the results may have opened a path to enhanced the PSHE in spin-based nanophotonic devices, chemical, and biological sensing.

Enhanced spin Hall effect due to the redshift gaps of photonic hypercrystals.

We proposed a method for enhancing the spin Hall effect (SHE) of light in the photonic hypercrystal (PHC). PHC is a periodic structure that combines the properties of hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs) and conventional one-dimensional-photonic crystals (1DPCs). The proposed PHC is composed of Ti3O5 and HMMs, which alternatively consist of Ag and Ti3O5. The giant ratio of reflection coefficients of TE/TM polarizations can be realized due to the redshift gaps of the PHCs, where the band edge of TE polarization shifts toward short wavelengths but the band edge of TM polarization moves toward long wavelengths. It will eventually lead to the enhancement of SHE in this PHC with the redshift gaps. The maximum transverse shift can be close to 15 µm with the optimum thickness and incident angle. The enhancing SHE provides us an opportunity to expand the corresponding applications in the field of optics.

Nonlinear energy sinks with nonlinear control strategies in fluid-structure simulations framework for passive and active FIV control of sprung cylinders

This article investigates the vortex-induced vibration reduction of a circular cylinder as well as the flow-induced vibration suppression of an elastically-mounted square cylinder freely oscillating in the transverse and streamwise directions with the aid of passive and active nonlinear energy sinks that benefit from nonlinear intelligent control strategies. To this end, firstly, the optimized parameters of the passive nonlinear energy sink including mass, damping and stiffness ratios are tuned. Next, the passive control method is turned into an active nonlinear energy sink by employing an adaptive fuzzy sliding-mode controller. Owing to the computational complexity of the employed controller, the obtained results are used to design a fuzzy controller based on the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system. The results of collaborative fluid-structure interaction (FSI) simulations indicate that the nonlinear energy sink equipped with the fuzzy controller based on the active fuzzy sliding-mode controller successfully decreases the maximum transverse and streamwise displacements of circular cylinder by, respectively, 95.56% and 98.53% at Re = 85, 96.26% and 97.64% at Re = 90, 95.80% and 97.64% at Re = 95, and 93.82% and 97.05% at Re = 100. Also, for the square cylinder, the maximum transverse and streamwise displacements decrease by 95.06% and 90.9% at Re =87.5, 99.94% and 86.66% at Re = 90, 95.80% and 96.33% at Re = 220, and 72.41% and 99.21% at Re = 250 compared to the uncontrolled case. All these cases demonstrate the superiority of active nonlinear energy sink over its passive counterpart.