Maximum Temperature Drop Research Articles

Computational Thermal Analysis of Divergent and Convergent Flow Channels for Cooling Plates in PEM Fuel Cells

During the operation of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells excess heat is generated as a result of electrochemical reactions. This heat raises the temperature of the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells, which can damage the membrane. Homogeneity of the temperature through the fuel cell is important in terms of stability and performance. Thermal management is therefore essential and is provided by the cooling channels formed on the bipolar plates or cooling plates. In this paper, a three-dimensional computational analysis of the cooling plate with divergent and convergent flow field designs is carried out. In this context, heat transfer and fluid flow performances of these two different flow fields are considered in terms of temperature uniformity, maximum temperature and pressure drop. Numerical results demonstrated that the more uniform temperature distribution along the fuel cell could be achieved with divergent flow field design. Furthermore, when a divergent design is used, the maximum surface temperature of the cooling plate and the pressure drop between the inlet and outlet of the channel are reduced.

Performance evaluation of an ejector based transcritical R-744 refrigeration system with evaporative gascooler

In recent times, instead of looking for an alternative to synthetic refrigerants, there has been a fast-growing interest in technology based on environmentally safe natural refrigerants. Among the various natural refrigerants, eco-friendly R-744 technology was revived due to its attractive thermal properties and wider application areas. It is perceived that the R-744 system outperforms synthetic refrigerants at low ambient temperatures. However, due to the transcritical mode of operation at high ambient temperatures, the system performance deteriorates promptly due to the unavoidable significant throttling loss. In the present study, evaporative cooling has been introduced and adopted to reduce the outlet temperature of the gascooler to enhance the system’s overall performance by reducing the system operational pressure. To design the evaporative cooler, honeycomb structured cellulose material is used as cooling pads of three different thicknesses, 5, 10, and 15 cm. It is observed that the maximum drop in air temperature and the corresponding efficiency of the evaporative cooling system was found to be 6.02⁰C and 72.75 % respectively, at 15 cm pad thickness, 2.5 m/s air velocity, 60 % relative humidity and 46⁰C ambient temperature. Moreover, the maximum overall improvement in the R-744 system cooling performance observed in terms of COP was 32.44 %.

A highly efficient cascade electrocaloric cooling tube with enhanced temperature change by sawtooth voltage

Electrocaloric (EC) cooling technology has emerged as a powerful candidate for the next-generation cooler. Microfluidic EC cooling device could directly be embedded inside microelectronics to build up a highly efficient thermal management system. However, the microfluidic EC cooling device with large temperature lift still remains a big challenge. Here, we prepared a high-performance cascade EC cooling tube with multistage cooling accumulation and improved its cooling power by sawtooth voltage. The cascade EC tube realized a maximum temperature drop of 4.6 K. A maximum temperature span of 4.2 K was obtained when the flow velocity of liquid medium is 10 mm/s. A continuous sub-ambient liquid medium with improved cooling power can be achieved after the cascade EC tube cycle loading with sawtooth voltage. This high-performance cascade EC tube provides a sub-ambient liquid medium, opening up a unique way to enhance the cooling power and realize multistage cooling accumulation. It demonstrates the great application potential in smart thermal management of microelectronic systems.

Numerical and experimental study on cooling high power chips of data centers using double-side cooling module based on mini-channel heat sink

With continuous increase in chip power, cooling has gradually evolved into the bottleneck restricting the development of data centers (DCs). In this study, a double-side cooling module based on mini-channel heat sink was proposed to solve the heat dissipation of multi-high power chips on the computing server of DCs. Numerical simulations were carried out to optimize the geometry of the cooling module and experiments were set up to test its cooling performance. The results show that staggered fins and parallel channels are beneficial to the heat transfer of the cooling module. Compared with traditional fins, the staggered fins bring a more uniform temperature distribution and reduce the maximum temperature of the chip because of the improved flow field. Compared with series channels, the maximum temperature and pressure drop of the heat sink with parallel channels can be decreased at the same time without changing inlet flow rate or heat transfer area. The cooling module was fabricated and assembled consisting of four heat sinks based on the optimized geometries. The experimental results indicate that it is capable of solving the cooling of 8 CPUs, 8 interconnect chips and multiple power supply chips on computing server with a total power up to 4400 W in 1U space when using water as coolant (10 L/min & 20 ℃). The maximum shell temperature of all CPUs can be kept under 45 ℃ when single chip power reaches 440 W. The assembly density of DCs can be doubled when cooled by this new module. These results imply that this cooling module is a promising solution for cooling DCs with high power and assembly density.

Hydrophobicity-enhanced daytime radiative cooling films based on polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene and hydrophobic fumed silica

Daytime radiative cooling technology is considered a promising energy-efficient spatial cooling technology, attracting a great deal of attention. In this work, daytime radiative cooling film (DRCF) consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP) and hydrophobic fumed silica (SiO2) was developed by an electrostatic spinning technology. Results showed that the hydrophobicity and spectral properties of the PVDF-HFP film could be simultaneously enhanced by adding SiO2 (SiO2 refers to hydrophobic silica without special note in this work). The water contact angle of the 6 wt% PVDF-HFP/SiO2 film could be enhanced to about 135°. The 6 wt% PVDF-HFP/SiO2 film exhibited average reflectivity of 95.7% in the solar spectrum, an average emissivity of 96.3% in the primary atmospheric window (PAW), and 97.5% in the secondary atmospheric window (SAW). It also has a maximum sub-ambient temperature drop of ∼8.10°C in Shanghai and ∼9.75°C in Qingdao, achieving average net cooling power of 101.29 W/m2 during the daytime in Qingdao. This work provides a feasible strategy with great prospects for DRCFs.

Thermal management of GaN HEMT devices using subcooled flow boiling in an embedded manifold microchannel heat sink

Ultra-high heat flux thermal management has been an urgent demand for high electrical performance and reliability of GaN HEMT electronic devices, and direct fabrication of embedded heat sinks have proven to be an effective approach for its thermal management. In this work, a self-developed solver based on OpenFOAM has been employed and verified for numerical investigations of three-dimensional two-phase flow coupled with conjugate heat transfer. An extremely uneven heat source distribution in GaN HEMT is accounted for in the numerical modeling with localized refined mesh. The thermal performance and pressure drop during subcooled flow boiling are investigated and presented considering parametric effects of heat flux, mass velocity, inlet/outlet width ratio, manifold thickness and channel aspect ratio as well as substrate materials. The results indicate that GaN-on-Diamond structure provides a lower thermal resistance and better temperature uniformity, and the superior performance of GaN-on-SiC and GaN-on-Diamond are augmented with increasing heat flux during subcooled flow boiling. Additionally, it can be concluded that maximum temperature and pressure drop decrease with increasing channel height firstly, and then flatten out as the height/width ratio reaches 8 and 6, respectively. The flatten-out relationship between increasing height/width ratio and thermal/hydraulic performance is partly attributed to the balance of decreasing convective heat transfer coefficient and increasing effective area. Besides, flow pattern analysis for high-aspect ratio microchannels shows that hotspots at the bottom of inlet manifold promote the bubble nucleation and bubbles tend to accumulate at the bottom of channels because of nonuniform velocity distribution along the microchannel height.

Comparative studies on performance of plain, perforated, threaded, and threaded–perforated pin fin: A numerical approach

AbstractA heat sink is a thermal management system for electrical and electronic appliances whose performance is a function of fin geometry, arrangement, and flow field. Earlier research addressed the enhancement in the heat dissipation capacity of the sink with a change in the geometry of the fin. However, the change should increase the heat transfer rate per unit weight and per unit volume. One such attempt is made in the present work, which deals with numerical forced convection heat transfer simulation over a pin fin with three different surface modifications, namely, threads, equilateral triangular perforation, and threads with perforations. A numerical investigation is performed for 0.5773–2.5574 mm pitch of threads, 3–4.8 mm size of perforation, and 2–8 m/s velocities of air. To describe the flow pattern around the fin and its variation with surface modification, streamline profiles are drawn which reveals that the fluid–solid interaction is improved either with threaded or perforated surface and is maximum for threaded–perforated fin. The enhanced convection rates bring down the local fin temperature and the maximum fin temperature, where the drop is more for the threaded surface than that of the perforated surface because of turbulence. A 10° drop in maximum fin temperature is achieved by replacing a plain pin fin with a threaded–perforated pin fin, and the drop is 8° with threads alone and 6° only with perforations. The increased fineness of threads and size of perforation further bring down the maximum fin temperature.

Analysis of relationship between cooling capabilities of a cooler and variation of branch geometry in cascades

A reliability-oriented model of relation of thermoelement branch geometry (ratio of height to cross-sectional area) to cooling capabilities of two-cascade thermoelectric devices of various designs has been developed. Researches have been carried out for the maximum temperature difference regime and series connection of thermoelement branches in cascades. Analytical expressions have been obtained which allow determining maximum cooling capabilities of a thermoelectric two-cascade device, intensity of failures and probability of no-failure operation depending on the ratio of the number of thermoelements in cascades. A relationship between the ratio of the number of thermoelements to the intermediate temperature and relative operating current in cascades is analyzed. Possibility of increasing of maximum temperature difference by choosing of optimal geometry of thermoelements branches in cascades has been grounded. The ratio of length to section area of elements of the first stage more than the ratio of length to section area of the second stage that differs from traditional equality of these relations at the set operational current. The proposed approach makes it possible to estimate the maximum temperature drop and predict the reliability indices of two-cascade thermoelectric coolers of various designs for different operating conditions and to conduct optimized design of thermoelectric systems for ensuring thermal regimes of electronic equipment.

Effect of Impounding on Bedrock Temperature of High Arch Dam Site: A Case Study of the Xiluodu Project, China

The 300 m-level high arch dams built in China have different degrees of valley-narrowing deformation in the initial impoundment. This unexpected phenomenon may increase the long-term safety risk of high arch dams. There are several explanations for the valley-narrowing deformation phenomenon, and one of the explanations—that it is caused by a drop in bedrock temperature—is still under debate. In this paper, coupled thermo-hydromechanical (THM) simulations of the temporal and spatial evolutions of the bedrock temperature and seepage fields of the Xiluodu arch dam site were performed. The results showed that the mechanism of the bedrock temperature drop after impoundment can be divided into two types: short-term type and long-term. For the short-term type, the maximum temperature drop of 9 °C is caused by the heat exchange between the bedrock surface layer and the reservoir water during the initial impoundment. For the long-term type, the maximum temperature drop of 15 °C in front of the grouted curtain is caused by the long-term infiltration of cold water from upstream to downstream bypassing the grout curtain. The monitoring data showed that the valley-narrowing deformation mainly occurred in the initial impoundment, which corresponds to the short-term type. Notably, the valley-narrowing deformation may be overestimated if the long-term type of bedrock temperature drop is considered. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that the bedrock temperature change due to impoundment is dominated by the short-term type and can be applied to study the effect of temperature on valley-narrowing deformation after impounding.

IONIC WIND FLOW CHARACTERISTICS OF A MAGNETIC-FIELD-ENHANCED SOLID-STATE FAN AND ITS PERFORMANCE IN LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE COOLING APPLICATIONS

Solid-state fans (SSFs) have distinct advantages over traditional cooling fans in the thermal management of high-power electronics. In this work, a magnetic-field-enhanced SSF is proposed, and the physical model of negative corona discharge superimposed by an electromagnetic field is established. A computational model is used to calculate and analyze the effect of the magnetic field on the ionic wind distribution. The magnetic flux density and permanent magnet position distribution in the SSF are optimized experimentally, and the optimized SSF is applied to LED chip cooling. The findings show that adding a magnetic field encourages electrons to collide with neutral gas molecules and enhances the driving force of charged particles. The ionic wind velocity and mean driving force at the SSF's outlet will grow as magnetic flux density rises, and the ionic wind flow distribution will show apparent divergence. When the permanent magnet spacing is 15 mm, the highest ionic wind velocity is 2.82 m/s, and the mean driving force of SSF increases by 30.2%. The magnetic-field-enhanced SSF has a better LED-chip cooling effect, the maximum junction temperature drop is 11.6°C, and the cooling efficiency is higher. This research introduces a novel way of improving the cooling of electronics.

Design and thermal performance analysis of a new water-cooled structure for permanent magnet synchronous motors for electric vehicles

In order to solve the problem of severe stator winding heating due to the single cooling structure of a permanent magnet synchronous motor for electric vehicles, and to further improve the heat transfer capability of the permanent magnet synchronous motor, a new water-cooled structure is proposed in which cooling pipes are placed at the stator yoke to increase the heat transfer area. In order to evaluate the heat transfer effect of this new water-cooled structure, this paper takes a 50 kW permanent magnet synchronous motor for electric vehicles as the research object. By establishing a 3-D full-domain fluid-solid coupled heat transfer model, setting boundary conditions and reasonable assumptions, the full-domain fluid-heat coupled field of the permanent magnet synchronous motors is calculated numerically, and the fluid-flow characteristics and heat transfer variation laws of the new water-cooled structure are analyzed. The results show that compared with the original cooling structure, the maximum temperature drop of stator winding and permanent magnet can reach 5.23% and 11.17%, respectively. The results obtained can provide a reference for future research on the thermal performance and water-cooled structure optimization of permanent magnet synchronous motor for electric vehicles.

Use of Warmed Irrigation Solution in Arthroscopy: a Systematic Literature Review and a Perspective of Ten Years of Experience in Hip Arthroscopy

The number of hip arthroscopies has rapidly increased worldwide due to the new knowledge of intraarticular hip pathology. This procedure is successful with a low rate of complications but severe. One of the most important, from the anesthetic point of view, is hypothermia, carrying out a physiological response that could be dangerous for the patients. In hip arthroscopies, a warmed irrigation solution has been implemented as a simple, low-cost, and effective method for preventing hypothermia. There is limited literature on hip arthroscopy; therefore, much of the literature is focused on shoulder and knee arthroscopy. This systematic review of the literature aims to analyze the current evidence of warmed irrigation solutions in hip, shoulder, and knee arthroscopy. This systematic review of the literature aims to analyze the current evidence of warmed irrigation solutions in hip, shoulder, and knee arthroscopy. Eight studies of patients undergoing arthroscopy were included in the qualitative synthesis (6 shoulder studies, 1 hip study, and 1 knee study; 526 patients). Warm irrigation fluid reduced the degree of core body temperature drop and the incidence of hypothermia in 6 studies (5 shoulder studies and 1 hip study). In conclusion, warming irrigation fluids for shoulder and hip arthroscopy significantly decreased the risk of hypothermia, increased the lowest mean temperature, decreased the maximum temperature drop, and decreased the risk of shivering and hypothermia.

Rancang Bangun Penangkap Embun Untuk Meningkatkan Efisiensi Aplikasi Pengabut Air Sebagai Model Mitigasi Urban Heat Island Masa Depan

This research was conducted to develop a dew-catching vehicle that will be used to support the application of a water misting system. The dew catcher design is expected to overcome the problem of too large a mist grain diameter in low-pressure water misting applications. The study was conducted using a 110 psi pressure pump and ten nozzles measuring 0.3 mm that sprayed mist from a height of 2 M. In this study, and the dew catcher design used can overcome the disturbance of water droplets due to the production of too large mist grains at low pressure misting. The maximum temperature drop that can be achieved is 7.6°C.

Insight into the investigation of Fe3O4/SiO2 nanoparticles suspended aqueous nanofluids in hybrid photovoltaic/thermal system

This experimental study aims to evaluate the energetic performance of a photovoltaic-thermal system with a serpentine tube collector. A photovoltaic-thermal unit with a serpentine tube collector is used to compare the unit's performance metrics to those of a PV panel without cooling. The considered heat transfer fluid is the hybrid nanofluid prepared using water and Fe3O4/SiO2 nanoparticles. Using irradiance data from an average day in Aligarh, India, the experiment is conducted in indoor environment in a solar simulator under regulated operating circumstances. Effects of mono and hybrid nanofluids are examined at 3% wt. concentration for varying flow rates (20, 30, 40 LPM). The experimentation analysis showed that the maximum drop in PV temperature at 20 LPM is 25 °C, 24 °C, and then 16 °C for Fe3O4/water, SiO2/water, and Fe3O4/SiO2 nanofluids-based PVT systems, respectively with a highest possible increase in electrical efficiency of 12.6 percent, 18.46 percent, and 24.34 percent, respectively, when compared to traditional PV systems. At a flow rate of 40 LPM, the best performance is obtained using a hybrid PVT method coupled with an aqueous Fe3O4/SiO2 nanofluid. Additionally, it is discovered that hybrid nano-fluid-based PVT systems exhibit 10.5% and 5% greater thermal efficiency than Fe3O4-Water and SiO2-Water PVT systems, respectively. The overall highest efficiency of 67% is achieved for hybrid nanofluid at a flow rate of 40LPM. The hybrid Fe3O4/SiO2 nanofluid is capable of serving as an acceptable cooling fluid for the PV/T collector, as evidenced by the PV/T system's notable improvement in thermal and electrical efficiency and prominent cooling impact. Keywords : Solar energy, Hybrid nano-fluid, Heat transfer, Electrical Power, Thermal Efficiency, PVT system. • The role of hybrid nanofluids for the performance of PVT systems was studied. • Hybrid nature of nanofluid make it more stable than mono-nanofluid. • Electrical and thermal efficiency were analysed at fixed concentration and varying flowrate. • Comparison of Fe 3 O 4 /SiO 2 nanofluid is carried out with individual mono-nanofluid.

Experimental and numerical investigation of the transient thermal characteristics of twisted nitinol wires in a continuous torsional refrigeration system.

Twistocaloric cooling technology is a novel solid elastocaloric refrigeration to be promising alternatives to conventional compression refrigeration. The transient thermal characteristics of the twistocaloric-effect material and its cooling capacity are critical for this technology. A test rig of the continuous torsional refrigeration system (CTRS) using nitinol wires twisted by a stepping motor was built. The experimental tests show that, the surface temperatures increased as the stepping motor twisted the nitinol wires clockwise, and decreased by untwisting them counterclockwise under the stepping motor speed of 40, 45 and 45rpm. The maximum temperature rise and drop relative to the ambient temperature for the two-twisted-nitinol-wire combinations were 7.1 and 2.6°C, higher than those of 1.4 and 0.6°C for the single nitinol wire, respectively. An optimization program based on a heat conduction model was constructed to attain the potential cooling and heating capacities (PHCCs) of the nitinol wires. Then, PHCCs were introduced into the coupled flow and convective heat transfer model to predict the actual cooling and heating capacities of the CTRS. They were discovered to increase as the number of nitinol wires, the stepping motor speed, and the air velocity. The results can be referred in developing a continuous torsional refrigeration prototype.

Thermal management of lithium-ion batteries using carbon-based nanofluid flowing through different flow channel configurations

In this study, a novel lithium-ion battery (LIB) thermal management system is developed, and its cooling performance for cylindrical 18,650 LIB cells under different discharging rates is experimentally observed. The experiments are carried out using indirect-type liquid cooling with single and dual aluminium serpentine channels with different flow configurations. The study includes the preparation of nanofluid using multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) at three different volume fractions (Vf) (0.15%, 0.3%, and 0.45%) in the mixture of ethylene glycol and water and compares their cooling performance with water and ethylene glycol-water mixture. At 0.45% Vf of MWCNTs, the maximum drop in the average temperature of the battery cells is observed about 6.9 °C, 10.2 °C, and 11 °C at 2.1C in a single-channel flow configuration, dual-channel with parallel flow configuration, and dual-channel with counter-flow configuration, respectively. Dual-channel with counter-flow configuration provides the best cooling performance in terms of temperature drops of 8.6–13 °C using different working fluids. When a counter-flow configuration is used, the battery module's temperature uniformity is very good, with a maximum deviation of 1.5–3 °C, well within the safe limit to prevent thermal runaway. The pressure drop for 0.45% Vf of MWCNTs is 13.3% and 14% higher than water for single-channel and dual-channel, respectively.

Thermal Performance Analysis of Various Heat Sinks Based on Alumina NePCM for Passive Cooling of Electronic Components: An Experimental Study

In the modern digital world, electronic devices are being widely employed for various applications where thermal performance represents a significant technical challenge due to continued miniaturization, high heat generated in the system, and non-uniform high-temperature causing failure. Phase change materials (PCMs) owing to the immense heat of fusion are primarily considered for thermal management, but their insulating properties hedge their applications in electronics cooling. Nano-enhanced phase change materials (NePCMs) have the ability to improve the thermal conductivity of PCM, decrease system temperature and escalate the operating time of devices. Accordingly, the current study focused on the experimental investigations for the thermal performance of three heat sinks (HS) with different configurations such as a simple heat sink (SHS), a square pin-fins heat sink (SpfHS), and Cu foam integrated heat sink (CufmHS) with various alumina nanoparticles mass concentrations (0.15, 0.20 and 0.25 wt%) incorporated in PCM (RT-54HC) and at heat flux (0.98–2.94 kW/m2). All HSs reduced the base temperature with the insertion of NePCM compared to the empty SHS. The experimental results identified that the thermal performance of CufmHS was found to be superior in reducing base temperature and enhancing working time at two different setpoint temperatures (SPTs). The maximum drop in base temperature was 36.95%, and a 288% maximum working time enhancement was observed for CufmHS. Therefore, NePCMs are highly recommended for the thermal management of the electronic cooling system.

Droplet impact and Leidenfrost dynamics on a heated post

This study experimentally explores fluid breakup and Leidenfrost dynamics for droplets impacting a heated millimetric post. Using high-speed optical and infrared imaging, we investigate the droplet lifetime, breakup and boiling modes, as well as the cooling performance of different substrates. The post substrate leads to a shorter droplet lifetime and a 20 °C higher Leidenfrost temperature compared to a flat substrate, attributed to mixed boiling modes along the height of the post and additional pinning. For temperatures below the Leidenfrost point, in the nucleate boiling regime, the post substrate also provides a larger maximum temperature drop than its flat counterpart. The enhanced cooling capacity can be attributed to better droplet pinning and an enlarged droplet-substrate contact area. The post's superior cooling performance becomes especially clear for impact on an inclined surface, where the post successfully prevents the rolling and bouncing of the droplet, providing a 51% to 180% increase in the maximum local temperature drop. Interestingly, at temperatures slightly above the Leidenfrost point and for a relatively narrow range of Weber numbers, droplets on the post substrate rebound rather than break up due to a complex interplay of inertial, capillary, and bubble (thin film) dynamics. Overall, the findings show that a large-scale structure increases the Leidenfrost temperature and enhances droplet breakup and interfacial heat transfer efficiency during non-isothermal droplet impact.

Restrained cracking failure behavior of concrete containing MgO compound expansive agent under adiabatic condition at early age

The influence of MgO compound expansive agent (MCEA) on the early-age cracking failure behavior of concrete considering the influence of temperature, thermal strain, autogenous strain, and creep under the adiabatic-temperature curing mode and uniaxial restrained condition was investigated. The early-age autogenous shrinkage was effectively compensated with the addition of MCEA, and autogenous strain exhibited expansion when the dosage of MCEA was 4% and 6%. The maximum free strain, temperature drop, failure age, failure stress, and failure stress-to-axial tensile strength ratio of concrete increased with increasing dosage of MCEA when the dosage was not more than 4%. The early-age tensile creep of concrete increased with increasing dosage of MCEA. The rate of tensile stress and cracking failure potential of concrete evaluated by integrated criterion decreased with increasing dosage of MCEA when the dosage of MCEA was not more than 4%, but increased with increasing dosage of MCEA from 4% to 6%. A simplified stress-strain failure criterion based on the results of tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and restrained cracking tests was proposed for estimating the safety of concrete under uniaxial restrained condition.

Numerical investigation of lamella heat exchanger for engine intake charge air cooling utilizing refrigerant as coolant medium

Intercooler heat exchangers (IHE) are used to improve engine charge air temperature, which enhances engine efficiency and reduces emissions. The current study introduces a novel intercooler heat exchanger designed to improve combustion and engine performance by providing cold intake air. Lamella heat exchanger is proposed, based on space availability in existing engines, operated as an evaporator utilizing a refrigeration unit, the same used for vehicle compartment cooling. A numerical investigation is carried out for a 1.496 L naturally aspirated engine at rpm 4000, 5000, and 6000. The intake air temperature is taken as 45 °C to examine the proposed four models: model A, model B, model C & model D bearing aspect ratios of 21.6 mm, 27 mm, 36 mm & 43.2 mm, respectively. The study aims to obtain high heat transfer with minimal pressure loss. For that, the evaluation criteria for all models are heat transfer, temperature drop, number of transfer units, logarithmic mean temperature difference, and pressure drop. As a result, all models under consideration are ranked from high to low; model D, model C, model B, and model A. The maximum heat transfer of 1.55 KW and the maximum temperature drop of 24.06 °C are observed for model D at rpm of 6000 and 4000, respectively. Likewise, the maximum pressure drop is recorded for model D at all rpm ranges; still, the pressure drop for model D is less than 28 % of the reference model used in this study at 6000 rpm. The simulated results indicate that all evaluation parameters except LMTD are directly proportional to the aspect ratio of the lamella. Due to their compactness, the proposed heat exchanger designs offer more surface area per unit volume, resulting in higher thermal capacity than the other conventional intercooler heat exchangers.