Maxillofacial Surgery Research Articles

Abstract 4649: Proposal of the concept of “p53 mutational spectrum”: Its clinical implication in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Abstract The p53 gene is the most frequently mutated gene in malignant tumors. We found that p53 abnormalities were observed in most cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Therefore, it is necessary to search for type of the functional abnormality (complete loss of function, partial loss of function, or gain of oncogenic function) of the p53 gene rather than the presence or absence of gene mutation. Here we would like to propose the concept “p53 mutational spectrum”. In this study we performed whole-exome sequencing of p53 using clinical specimens from OSCC and attempted to clarify the implication of “p53 mutational spectrum” with clinical manifestation. Sixty-seven patients with OSCC who visited the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University or Ehime University were subjected to the study. Genomic DNA was extracted from biopsy and surgical specimens, and a custom panel was created for OSCC. p53 and other driver gene mutations were analyzed by NGS. p53 mutation pattern was classified into 5 categories, wild type without p16 expression, wild type with p16 expression, missense mutations in the DNA binding domain, missense mutations out of the DNA binding domain and truncation mutations. Patients with several p53 mutational patterns were statistically analyzed in relation to biological and clinical grade, and overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were also analyzed. The patterns of p53 gene was wild type without p16 expression in 7 patients, wild type with p16 expression in 6 patients, missense mutations in the DNA binding domain in 31 patients, missense mutations out of the DNA binding domain in 2 patients and truncation mutations in 7 patients. Thus, the p53 gene was mutated in 54 patients, 33 with missense mutations and 24 with truncation mutations. p53 mutation distribution was concentrated in the DNA binding domain and missense mutations were common, while truncation mutations were common in other domains such as the transcriptional activation domain. In univariate analysis, p53 truncation mutations were identified as a risk factor for DFS and were associated with poorer prognosis compared with other mutation groups. p53 mutational spectrum was not significantly associated with other driver gene mutations. p53 missense mutation group. The p53 missense mutationp group was also analyzed in the same way, but the results were not statistically significant. The p53 truncation mutation (complete loss of function) was associated with poorer prognosis than other gene status, wild type with/without p16 and missense mutation. The p53 missense mutation may contain functional diversity (complete loss of function, partial loss of function, almost wild, or gain of oncogenic function). We are currently constructing a platform for p53 mutational spectrum database. Citation Format: Toshiki Hyodo, Nobuyuki Kuribayashi, Chonji Fukumoto, Yuske Komiyama, Tomonori Hasegawa, Koh-ichi Nakashiro, Daisuke Uchida, Hitoshi Kawamata. Proposal of the concept of “p53 mutational spectrum”: Its clinical implication in oral squamous cell carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2025; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2025 Apr 25-30; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2025;85(8_Suppl_1):Abstract nr 4649.

A Novel Approach for Reconstruction of Anterior Cheek Defects: Series Connection of Cheek Mucosal Flap and Buccal Fat Pad.

A Novel Approach for Reconstruction of Anterior Cheek Defects: Series Connection of Cheek Mucosal Flap and Buccal Fat Pad.

Closure of postoperative palatal defects using a thin mucosal tongue flap

Relevance. Congenital cleft lip and palate is a severe craniofacial malformation that requires long-term, multistage treatment. Palatal defects are among the most common sequelae following uranoplasty, and their closure is often complicated by the presence of scar tissue in the surgical site. One of the techniques used for palatal defect reconstruction involves a pedicled tongue flap.Materials and methods. From 1998 to 2024, a total of 236 pediatric patients aged 6 to 18 years with a diagnosis of hard palate defect were treated at the Department of Pediatric Maxillofacial Surgery. All patients underwent closure using a modified pedicled tongue flap—a thin mucosal flap. The surgical approach was adapted based on the size, shape, and configuration of the defect. During the first stage, a thin mucosal flap was harvested from the tongue and secured to the margins of the defect using interrupted sutures. Sixteen days later, the second stage was performed, which included pedicle transection and definitive closure of the defect.Results. The majority of patients (n = 211) achieved excellent outcomes with complete closure of the palatal defect. Early postoperative complications were observed in 3 patients (1.3%): one case of postoperative bleeding that required pedicle transection; one case of flap necrosis; and one case of flap detachment during the second stage. At long-term follow-up, narrow residual defects were observed in 12 patients (9.3%).Conclusion. The thin mucosal pedicled tongue flap is an effective and reliable technique for the closure of hard palate defects of various shapes, sizes, and locations in children aged 6 to 18 years. This flap modification avoids the drawbacks associated with traditional mucosal-muscle tongue flaps, offering a predictable solution for the surgical repair of palatal defects.

Morphology and dimensions of the nasopalatine canal in Palestinian patients assessed using cone beam computed tomography

The nasopalatine canal (NPC) is a key anatomical structure in maxillofacial surgery and dentistry, influencing surgical and dental procedures. This study evaluated the morphology, dimensions, and variations of the NPC in Palestinian patients using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). A retrospective analysis of CBCT scans (sagittal and coronal views) from 120 patients was conducted. Measurements included canal widths (at the superior, middle, and inferior thirds), canal length, and alveolar ridge widths (anterior to NPC). Canal shape was classified into six types. The number of nasal (NN) and palatal (NP) openings, along with age and gender, were recorded. Statistical analyses included independent t-tests, Mann–Whitney U tests, and Chi-square tests. The most common canal shape was cylindrical (35%), followed by funnel (27.5%). Significant gender differences were found in the sagittal ridge inferior (p = 0.032) and middle width (p = 0.008). NPC dimensions differed significantly between sagittal and coronal views (p < 0.001). Tooth loss increased with age (p = 0.005), but canal shape was not linked to dental status. Most NPC dimensions in this study aligned with global findings, with the cylindrical shape being the most common. Sagittal CBCT views provided more precise length measurements. Gender differences were observed in sagittal ridge widths, while canal shape was unrelated to dental status. Sagittal CBCT views are recommended for accurate implant planning and maxillofacial surgical procedures, minimizing neurovascular risks.

New Perspectives on Maxillofacial Reconstruction in Patients With Skeletal Malocclusion: Deep Integration of Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Orthognathic Surgery Concepts.

The application of computer-assisted design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology and digital guides has made maxillofacial defect reconstruction surgery faster, more convenient, precise, and highly accurate in restoration. However, in addressing maxillofacial reconstruction for patients with skeletal malocclusion, the restoration of facial contours has received less attention, and surgical planning for such cases remains challenging. In this study, we report a case where the deep integration of maxillofacial reconstruction and orthognathic surgery concepts was applied. The patient presented with an ameloblastoma of the mandible along with mandibular prognathism. By utilizing translational and rotational maneuvers of the bone flap, along with appropriate shaping, we replaced the traditional mandibular bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO), achieving both mandibular reconstruction and the treatment of mandibular prognathism. The postoperative recovery was excellent, with significant improvement in the patient's facial contour, yielding satisfactory results. We believe that incorporating orthognathic surgery principles into maxillofacial reconstruction can effectively balance functional and aesthetic requirements.

Alveolar ridge augmentation in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: a study on current practices, patient management and innovations in Germany

IntroductionThis study identifies current practices, patient management concepts and innovations in alveolar ridge augmentation (ARA) in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OMFS) in Germany.Material and methodsA survey with a dynamic online questionnaire with up to 40 questions was designed to collect general and specific data on ARA, such as case numbers, imaging, surgical techniques, (bio-)materials, and case management in OMFS. After internal and external validation, 1863 OMF surgeons within the German Association for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (DGMKG) were invited via email to participate. Data management was anonymized and descriptively.Results324 OMF surgeons participated in the study (response rate 17.39%). Most participants (60.8%) work in private practices without inpatient care. 62.03% of participants insert > 200 implants, and 28.70% perform > 200 ARA annually. About 30.86% also provide implant-based prosthetic restorations. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is the imaging method most preferred by 87.74% of participants. The most common ARA techniques are external and internal sinus lift (SL) and bone block augmentation (97.31%, 90.57%, and 73.4%, respectively). Intraoral harvested autogenous bone grafts (ABG) are most commonly used for ARA (96.63%). The oblique line is the participants’ preferred donor site for ABG (93.27%). ABG and xenogeneic bone substitutes are the most frequently used graft combinations (72.73%). Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is used by 58.59% of participants for ARA, mostly in SL procedures (76.44%). PRF is the most common substitute used to biofunctionalize biomaterials (48.16%). Oral antibiotics are used by 86.40% pre-/intraoperatively and by 88.97% postoperatively for ARA. Most participants believe the surgical technique (94.49%) and the surgeon's experience (92.28%) are the most critical factors for ARA success. 46.32% of participants aim to perform ARA within the skeletal envelope.ConclusionThe findings highlight current practices, patient management, and innovations in ARA in OMFS in Germany. They show standard practices and numerous variations in several aspects.Clinical relevanceSurgical technique, experience, patient health and compliance are relevant ARA success factors. This underlies the importance of extended surgical training and careful patient selection.

THE IMPORTANCE OF DENTISTRY ON THE DIAGNOSIS OF HIV: A CASE REPORT OF ORAL KAPOSI´S SARCOMA

Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS) associated with HIV is characteristic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). It is estimated that 20% of HIV-positive individuals have KS, with the initial site of presentation being the mouth. Furthermore, about 70% of those diagnosed with HIV will have the oral cavity affected by the neoplasm at some point during the progression of the disease. The manifestation of this neoplasm in the mouth can be the first observed sign of HIV infection. This study reports the diagnosis of HIV in a 41-year-old patient with multiple nodular, erythematous, purplish lesions and plaques on the hard palate, oral mucosa, retromolar trigone, and lateral borders of the tongue, with a 4-month history of evolution, referred for evaluation at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OMS) Service at HU-UFSC. Oral KS-AIDS is best treated with Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy early after diagnosis. Although the sarcoma cells are radiosensitive, radiotherapy for oral sarcoma treatment may be contraindicated due to severe mucositis. Currently, anthracyclines and liposomal taxanes have been suggested as systemic treatment in the early stages of KS development while the CD4 T-cell count is relatively high to reduce the sarcoma progression rate. This study reports the diagnosis of HIV in a 41-year-old patient with KS lesions in the oral cavity referred for evaluation in the OMS Service at HU-UFSC.

Dietary factors and oral cancer risk: a comprehensive Mendelian randomization analysis in a European population

BackgroundOral cancer is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery. The main etiological factors are tobacco and alcohol, and diet is now considered an important factor in its development. However, it remains to be elucidated whether the associations between specific diets and oral cancer risk are causal. Therefore, in this study, we performed two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to estimate the associations of specific diets with the risk of oral cavity cancer (OCC).MethodsWe conducted a two-sample MR analysis to assess the causal effect of diet on the risk of OCC. Six types of diets, including champagne or white wine (sample size: 175,549), red wine (sample size: 211,628), dried fruit (sample size: 409,125), fresh fruit (sample size: 433,186), average weekly beer plus cider (sample size: 327,634), and never eat eggs, dairy, wheat, sugar: wheat products (sample size: 461,046), were included as exposures. Summary statistics of OCC were obtained from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) including 1223 OCC cases and 2928 controls of European ancestry. We used the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method as the primary method, with the weighted median and MR Egger used as supplementary methods for causal inference. Sensitivity analyses, including the Cochran Q test, Egger intercept test, MR-PRESSO test, and leave-one-out analysis, were performed to verify the robustness of the MR results.ResultsThe univariate MR showed that champagne or white wine consumption (β = 11.80, p = 0.006), average weekly beer plus cider intake (β = 4.73, p = 0.003), red wine consumption (β = 8.22, p = 0.024), and the never eat eggs, dairy, wheat, sugar: wheat products (β = 14.34, p = 0.002) increased the risk of OCC; Whereas fresh fruit consumption (β = − 3.20, p = 0.038), dried fruit consumption (β = − 2.98, p = 0.012) were protective. The multivariable MR estimates, after controlling for other diets, were as follows: when controlling for the never eat eggs, dairy, wheat, sugar: wheat products and fresh fruit consumption, the effect of average weekly beer plus cider intake on OCC risk was significant, and when controlling for dried fruit consumption, the effect had a P-value close to significant (p = 0.052). The two-step MR showed human characterization: When assessing the impact of dried fruit consumption and fresh fruit consumption, we observed a mediation effect of appendicular lean mass. Furthermore, when assessing the impact of dried fruit consumption and average weekly beer plus cider intake, we observed a mediation effect of standing height. Human system: When exploring the influence of never eat eggs, dairy, wheat, sugar: wheat products, we found a mediation effect of the occurrence of hypothyroidism. Likewise, when assessing the impact of fresh fruit consumption, we found the mediation effect of other diseases of the digestive system. Human metabolite: For the never eat eggs, dairy, wheat, sugar: wheat products, we observed a mediation effect of triglyceride levels in LDL and triglyceride levels in small LDL.ConclusionsThis study provides champagne or white wine consumption, average weekly beer plus cider intake, red wine consumption, and the never eat eggs, dairy, wheat, sugar: wheat products may increased the risk of OCC; Whereas fresh fruit and dried fruit consumption may were protective. This study analyzed the pathways by which dietary factors influence OCC in aspect of human characterization, human system, and human metabolite. These findings may help inform future research on preventing or treating OCC by modifying dietary factors.

Exploration and practice of comprehensive clinical rotation internship for undergraduate dental students

BackgroundUniversity-based programs should aim to teach dental students about practice procedures to gain insight into day-to-day activities. This study introduces a newly established comprehensive dental professional curriculum, including an additional 9-week comprehensive rotation internship program.MethodsAll dental students from the Department of General Dentistry II under Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology (PKUSS) who completed a specialized internship in the five research areas (endodontics, periodontics, prosthodontics, oral and maxillofacial surgery, and pediatric dentistry), including an additional 9-week comprehensive rotation, were invited to participate in the survey (total n = 253 in years 2022–2024). Utilizing the complete sample population, we distributed the questionnaire electronically via WeChat. Descriptive statistics were employed to analyze the distribution of responses. The Chi-Square test was utilized to assess potential differences in response patterns between genders and between academic programs.ResultsThe response rate was 98.8% (n = 250/253). A total of 70.4% of students believed that a 9-week comprehensive rotation was necessary to improve the program. 76.8% thought it was essential to introduce the dental comprehensive specialty. 75.6% felt that the dental comprehensive specialty internship should last longer, and 83.2% believed that it helped them develop comprehensive diagnostic and treatment thinking abilities. No significant differences were observed in the responses between male and female students (p > 0.05). However, 5-year program students demonstrated significantly higher preference rates for both comprehensive rotation (80.3% vs. 59.32%; p < 0.001) and dental comprehensive specialty internship (82.58% vs. 70.34%; p = 0.011) compared to 8-year program students. Furthermore, a significantly higher proportion of 5-year program students reported improvement in their prosthodontic competence following the training (45.45% vs. 27.97%; p = 0.004).ConclusionThe comprehensive rotation model was effective in helping students establish comprehensive diagnostic thinking and train multi-specialty clinical skills. Further exploration and improvement are needed to effectively leverage the advantages of multi-specialty training in the comprehensive teaching clinic.

A historical perspective on ballistic evolution and its implications for maxillofacial surgery.

A historical perspective on ballistic evolution and its implications for maxillofacial surgery.

Management of Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension During Hospitalization in Maxillofacial Departments

Background and Objectives: Diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN) continue to increase and pose a significant burden on the health system worldwide. These patients comprise a significant portion of the hospitalized Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OMFS) department. Addressing and controlling DM and HTN during hospitalization should thus be one of the treatment goals. This study aims to investigate the management and outcomes of DM and HTN during the hospitalization period in the OMFS department. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients with community-diagnosed DM and/or HTN admitted to the OMFS department between 2017 and 2019 was conducted at Rambam Healthcare Campus, Haifa, Israel. Linear regression analysis was used to determine trends in changes in blood pressure and blood glucose levels during hospitalization. The impact of consults from internal medicine experts and endocrinologists was tested using a paired-samples t-test. Results: A statistically significant reduction was observed in all systolic HTN patients categorized as stages 1 and 2, p = 0.012 and p = 0.001, respectively. A statistically significant (p = 0.012) reduction in blood glucose levels in all DM patients with initial values higher than 250 mg/dL was observed. A statistically significant reduction in blood glucose levels was observed in the DM group of patients who received endocrinologist consultations (p = 0.012). Conclusions: Addressing patients with systemic conditions during hospitalization in the OMFS department is mandatory. External medical consulting can be of great value for short-term treatment during hospitalization and may also have long-term benefits after discharge to the community. The main limitations of this study include retrospective data acquisition, a small sample size, and a lack of data regarding the impact of pain management on blood pressure and glucose levels.

IDNet: A Diffusion Model-Enhanced Framework for Accurate Cranio-Maxillofacial Bone Defect Repair

Cranio-maxillofacial bone defect repair poses significant challenges in oral and maxillofacial surgery due to the complex anatomy of the region and its substantial impact on patients’ physiological function, aesthetic appearance, and quality of life. Inaccurate reconstruction can result in serious complications, including functional impairment and psychological trauma. Traditional methods have notable limitations for complex defects, underscoring the need for advanced computational approaches to achieve high-precision personalized reconstruction. This study presents the Internal Diffusion Network (IDNet), a novel framework that integrates a diffusion model into a standard U-shaped network to extract valuable information from input data and produce high-resolution representations for 3D medical segmentation. A Step-Uncertainty Fusion module was designed to enhance prediction robustness by combining diffusion model outputs at each inference step. The model was evaluated on a dataset consisting of 125 normal human skull 3D reconstructions and 2625 simulated cranio-maxillofacial bone defects. Quantitative evaluation revealed that IDNet outperformed mainstream methods, including UNETR and 3D U-Net, across key metrics: Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC), True Positive Rate (RECALL), and 95th percentile Hausdorff Distance (HD95). The approach achieved an average DSC of 0.8140, RECALL of 0.8554, and HD95 of 4.35 mm across seven defect types, substantially surpassing comparison methods. This study demonstrates the significant performance advantages of diffusion model-based approaches in cranio-maxillofacial bone defect repair, with potential implications for increasing repair surgery success rates and patient satisfaction in clinical applications.

Artificial Intelligence in Dentistry: A Narrative Review of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications.

Advancements in digital and precision medicine have fostered the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) applications, including machine learning, artificial neural networks (ANN), and deep learning, within the field of dentistry, particularly in imaging diagnosis and treatment. This review examines the progress of AI across various domains of dentistry, focusing on its role in enhancing diagnostics and optimizing treatment for oral diseases such as endodontic disease, periodontal disease, oral implantology, orthodontics, prosthodontic treatment, and oral and maxillofacial surgery. Additionally, it discusses the emerging opportunities and challenges associated with these technologies. The findings indicate that AI can be effectively utilized in numerous aspects of oral healthcare, including prevention, early screening, accurate diagnosis, treatment plan design assistance, treatment execution, follow-up monitoring, and prognosis assessment. However, notable challenges persist, including issues related to inaccurate data annotation, limited capability for fine-grained feature expression, a lack of universally applicable models, potential biases in learning algorithms, and legal risks pertaining to medical malpractice and data privacy breaches. Looking forward, future research is expected to concentrate on overcoming these challenges to enhance the accuracy and applicability of AI in diagnosing and treating oral diseases. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of AI in dentistry and to identify pathways for its effective integration into clinical practice.

Innovative Use of Bleomycin Electrosclerotherapy (BEST) for High-Flow Arteriovenous Malformations in the Head District: Preliminary Results of Two Cases.

Background: According to the ISSVA 2018 classification, arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are high-flow vascular malformations, distinct from low-flow lesions. About 60% of extracranial AVMs occur in the head and neck, making their management a focus of maxillofacial surgery. Due to their complexity, precise diagnosis and careful treatment planning are crucial for optimal aesthetics and structural preservation. The standard approach combines embolization with surgical resection, though Bleomycin electrosclerotherapy (BEST) has recently gained recognition. Methods: From July 2023 to December 2024, a total of 16 patients with vascular malformations were treated with bleomycin electrosclerotherapy at the Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese (AOUS). Among them, two patients were affected by arteriovenous malformations. These two patients underwent this treatment to avoid more invasive and demolitive procedures, considering the anatomical region involved. Both patients had previously been treated at other hospitals, experiencing subsequent lesion recurrence. Preoperative evaluation included angiographic and ultrasound studies. The patients underwent electrosclerotherapy sessions and were closely monitored during follow-up. The uniqueness of this innovative approach lies in the use of fractionated doses of bleomycin for each treatment session, compared to the standard protocols described in the literature. Results: BEST has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of high-flow AVMs by delivering bleomycin into the interstitial tissue and subsequently applying electroporation so the drug's effects can be precisely localized and amplified. The macroscopically evident results, patient satisfaction, and, most importantly, the objective ultrasound flow data demonstrate the effectiveness of this treatment. Conclusions: Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) pose treatment challenges due to their variability and lack of standardized guidelines. This study explores electrosclerotherapy with bleomycin in two head and neck AVM cases, using fractionated doses to enhance safety and efficacy. The findings support its potential as a minimally invasive alternative, warranting further research on broader applications.

Genetic factors associated with cleft lip and palate in children at the “William Soler” hospital, 2021 to 2022

Introduction: Cleft lip and palate are common congenital anomalies and the etiopathogenesis is not well understood, being fundamentally associated with polygenic or multifactorial inheritance. In nonsyndromic oral clefts, the genetic condition represents around 25% of cases. Objective. To identify the genetic factors associated with cleft lip and palate. Method. Descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study of 104 patients treated for congenital cleft lip and palate in the Maxillofacial Surgery department of the William Soler Ledea Pediatric Hospital from January 2021 to December 2022. The variables studied were: sex, form of presentation of the cleft, isolated congenital defects, previous siblings, intergenetic period, history of family members with congenital malformations, consanguinity of the parents and abortions. Results: The patients presented with an equal distribution by sex (p=0.890), isolated clefts (90.4%) occurred regardless of sex. The presence of previous siblings (59.6%) was significantly associated (p=0.0084), as were a history of family congenital malformations (36.5%) of second degree consanguinity (50%), and previous abortions (50%). Conclusions. The children studied with cleft lip and palate follow a homogeneous distribution by sex and only a small number presented multiple congenital defects. Slightly more than a third were associated with multiparous mothers, with a high frequency of previous abortions, and evidence of a history of familial congenital malformations, mainly of second degree consanguinity through the maternal line.

Use of Arch Bars versus IMF-Screws in Maxillomandibular Fixation of Mandibular Fractures: A Randomised Prospective Study

Abstract Background: Traditionally, arch bars are used for mandibulomaxillary fixation (MMF) following mandibular fractures. Intermaxillary fixation screws (IMFS) are a suitable alternative to mitigate the drawbacks of arch bar fixation. Aims and Objectives: We compared the use of arch bars versus IMFS for treatment of mandibular fractures including evaluation of sonographic findings and the patients’ quality of Life (QoL). Study Design: This is a randomised prospective study. Setting: The study was conducted at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital. Materials and Methods: Fifty patients with mandibular fractures were recruited and randomly divided into two groups, 25 each in the arch bars and IMFS treatment groups. The parameters evaluated were as follows: mouth opening, malocclusion, pain, fracture healing using an ultrasound scanner, operating time, wire-prick injuries, oral hygiene, and QoL. Results: There was a significantly higher pain score by the 3rd and 6th postoperative weeks (P = 0.015 and P = 0.003, respectively) and shorter operating time (P &lt; 0.001) in the IMFS group, while a notable higher wire-prick injury (P &lt; 0.001) and poor oral hygiene (P = 0.25) were observed in the arch bar group. An ultrasound scan at 6 postoperative weeks showed complete hyperechoic bridging callus in (61.5%) the arch bar group and (50%) in the IMF screw group, with no statistically significant difference. Regarding the QoL, patients treated with arch bars had more difficulty in continuing with their normal diet and indicated “they will not undergo the same treatment again.” On the other hand, IMFS patients had significantly isolated themselves because of feelings of bad mood, and their sleep and speech patterns were significantly affected. Conclusions: Although some similarities were observed in both groups, this study observed that IMFS addressed some of the limitations associated with arch bars such as prolonged operative time, wire-prick injury, and poor oral hygiene. Therefore IMFS is relatively safer and can be used for long-time MMF. Trial registration number: PACTR202408851121914. Date of registration: 04 July 2024, “retrospectively registered.” Clinical trial registry: Pan African clinical trials registry.

Evaluating and comparing the effects of paracetamol and ibuprofen on wound healing, MMP-9, and TGF-β1 levels in patients following upper third molar tooth extraction

BackgroundParacetamol and ibuprofen are commonly prescribed pain relievers used in dental treatments, but their use can delay wound healing and lead to malunion and weaken the strength of newly formed bones. This randomized controlled clinical trial aimed to evaluate the wound healing (WH) and anti-inflammatory effects of paracetamol and ibuprofen on tooth extraction wounds in patients.MethodsThis study involved a total of 20 patients who required removal of their fully erupted upper third molar under local anaesthesia at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University. The study subjects were divided into two groups of 10 patients each who were prescribed 400 mg of ibuprofen or 500 mg of paracetamol for seven days. Subsequently, WH was evaluated and the resulting proportions were compared using Landry Turnbull and Howley Index (LTHI) scores. Salivary matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-β1) concentrations were used as proinflammatory indicators. Accordingly, the WH values and the resulting proportions were compared using Fisher’s exact test with a confidence interval (CI) of 95% (P < 0.05). The concentrations of MMP-9 and TGF-β1 were measured using ELISA and compared using the Mann‒Whitney U test at 95% CI (P < 0.05). The obtained statistical values were then analysed and interpreted accordingly.ResultsLTHI values on days 3 and 7 after tooth extraction were not significantly different between the two treatment groups. Salivary MMP-9 levels were lower in the paracetamol-treated group than in the ibuprofen-treated group (P < 0.01) on day 3 only. The LTHI concentration was also negatively correlated (r = -0.433) with the MMP-9 concentration (P < 0.05) but was positively correlated (r = 0.369) with the salivary TGF-β1 concentration (P < 0.05). Interestingly, MMP-9 was negatively correlated with TGF-β1 in the ibuprofen treatment group (r2 = -0.351).ConclusionIbuprofen can inhibit the inflammatory process and delay healing in the extraction socket. After discontinuation of medication, no differences were observed in the healing effects between the paracetamol and ibuprofen groups.Trial registrationThe clinical trial was retrospectively registered at the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ANZCTR) NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Camperdown, Australia (Registry URL: https://www.anzctr.org.au) (Registration number: ACTRN12624000595516 Date: 9/5/2024).

Facial trauma management: A nationwide data collection on practice patterns and patient care in oral and maxillofacial surgery in Germany.

Facial trauma management: A nationwide data collection on practice patterns and patient care in oral and maxillofacial surgery in Germany.

RETRACTION: Role of Hydrocolloid Dressing in Preventing Face Pressure Ulcers From Non-Invasive Ventilation and Facilitating Postoperative Wound Healing in Maxillofacial Surgery: A Meta-Analysis.

J. Wang, Q. Gao, X. Feng, and Y. Chen, "Role of Hydrocolloid Dressing in Preventing Face Pressure Ulcers From Non-Invasive Ventilation and Facilitating Postoperative Wound Healing in Maxillofacial Surgery: A Meta-Analysis," International Wound Journal 21, no. 3 (2024): e14780, https://doi.org/10.1111/iwj.14780. The above article, published online on 22 February 2024, in Wiley Online Library (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/), has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editor in Chief, Professor Keith Harding; and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Following an investigation by the publisher, all parties have concluded that this article was accepted solely on the basis of a compromised peer review process. The editors have therefore decided to retract the article. The authors did not respond to our notice regarding the retraction.

Unveiling Bone and Dental Regeneration Potential of Quince Seed Mucilage-Nanohydroxyapatite Scaffolds in Rabbit Mandibles.

Donor-side morbidity of autografting for maxillofacial region defect regeneration has directed attention to bioengineered scaffolds. Composite scaffolds that mimic the boneextracellular matrix (ECM) are the potential candidates for defect reconstruction. Herein, a plant-based regenerative hydrogel, quince seed mucilage (QSM), was enriched with the nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp) particles to construct composite scaffolds (QSM/nHAp). The emerging scaffold is able to induce cellular spheroid formation and regenerate the critical-sized bilateral mandibular defects in rabbits. The macroscopic observations, histochemical (HC) and immunohistochemical (IHC) stainings, μ-computer tomography (CT) scanning, quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging revealed that all QSM/nHAp scaffolds were swelled with host blood, filled the whole cavity, and sustained cellular infiltration without adverse reactions. The gradual biodegradation profile of the scaffolds improved bone regeneration by releasing nHAp particles from the scaffold. Strikingly, co-development of dental and bone regeneration was observed for all QSM/nHAp groups beginning after day 21. Moreover, QSM/nHAp scaffolds induced expression (> 2-fold) of bone and dental-related gene and protein expressions at the grafted area and sustained a proper platform for maxillofacial remodeling. Therefore, we strongly believe that such biocompatible plant-based constructs, compared with conventional medical devices used in maxillofacial surgery, could support and induce simultaneous bone and dental regeneration due to the intrinsic dynamics of the material.