Reprocessing Of Materials Research Articles

On-set editing as a modern technology for real-time video editing

The article examines the use of on-set editing as a modern technology for real-time video editing. Current trends in video production demand fast yet high-quality processing of footage directly on set, driven by the increasing volume of content, significant acceleration of production workflows, and the growing need for adaptability. The relevance of this topic is supported by advancements in automated editing technologies, improvements in video processing algorithms, and an increased focus on the importance of pre-editing preparation. However, contradictions are observed in scientific publications and online reviews between algorithmic approaches aimed at automation and traditional theoretical concepts that emphasize narrative logic and artistic editing principles. The objective of this study is to analyze the specific features and nuances of on-set editing as a tool for real-time editing, considering its technical implementation, creative potential, and organizational-production aspects. The study identifies key advantages, including the acceleration of post-production, cost reduction in material reprocessing, and improved coordination between the production and editing teams. The findings will be useful for researchers in digital filmmaking as well as industry professionals, including directors, editors, cinematographers, producers, and technical specialists involved in integrating editing solutions into the filming process.

Waste Management and Recycling of Industrial By-Products

This study explores a systematic approach to waste management by identifying re-use and recycling options through a two-stage methodology. Initially, a questionnaire was employed to collect data on waste types, quantities, and current or planned recycling activities. The second stage involved categorizing wastes into eight classes based on their characteristics, performing a keyword database search using six commercially available databases, and identifying potential process options and treatment technologies. The database search, refined through keyword clustering, reduced 191,721 entries to 112,179, focusing on commercially viable practices. Various waste types, including chemicals, plastics, metals, and sludges, were analyzed for their re-use and recycling potential. The study identified several treatment technologies, such as chemical recovery, thermal recycling, and material reprocessing, with cost estimates categorized into three ranges. Additionally, specific re-use options for select waste streams, such as recovery of metals, mercury, and organic compounds, were evaluated. The findings highlight the critical importance of segregation at source to maximize recovery value and demonstrate the feasibility of innovative waste management strategies tailored to market demands and cost considerations.

On a Biobased Epoxy Vitrimer from a Cardanol Derivative Prepared by a Simple Thiol-Epoxy "Click" Reaction.

The development of this work lies in the relevant interest in epoxy resins, which, despite their wide use, do not meet the requirements for sustainable materials. Therefore, the proposed approach considers the need to develop environmentally friendly systems, in terms of both the starting material and the synthetic method applied as well as in terms of end-of-life. The above issues were taken into account by (i) using a monomer from renewable sources, (ii) promoting the formation of dynamic covalent bonds, allowing for material reprocessing, and (iii) evaluating the degradability of the material. Indeed, an epoxy derived from cardanol was used, which, for the first time, was applied in the development of a vitrimer system. The exploitation of a diboronic ester dithiol ([2,2'-(1,4-phenylene)-bis[4-mercaptan-1,3,2-dioxaborolane], DBEDT) as a cross-linker allowed the cross-linking reaction to be carried out without the use of solvents and catalysts through a thiol-epoxy "click" mechanism. The dynamicity of the network was demonstrated by gel fraction experiments and rheological and DMA measurements. In particular, the formation of a vitrimer was highlighted, characterized by low relaxation times (around 4 s at 70 °C) and an activation energy of ca. 48 kJ/mol. Moreover, the developed material, which is easily biodegradable in seawater, was found to show promising flame reaction behavior. Preliminary experiments demonstrated that, unlike an epoxy resin prepared from the same monomer and using a classical cross-linker, our boron-containing material exhibited no dripping under combustion conditions, a phenomenon that will allow this novel biobased system to be widely used.

Reprocessable and recyclable high-performance carbon fiber-reinforced composites enabled by catalyst-free covalent adaptable networks

Reprocessable and recyclable high-performance carbon fiber-reinforced composites enabled by catalyst-free covalent adaptable networks

A high‐strength flexible transparent reprocessable polyurea film based on dual dynamic noncovalent interactions

AbstractTo address the issues that waste of resources and environmental pollution caused by discarded materials, dynamic bonds are widely introduced into polymers to endow them with reprocess ability. However, there are some obvious issues in existing research such as poor toughness, low fracture elongation, and inability for repeated reprocessing of materials. Considering above problems, this study introduces dense hydrogen bonding and cation–π interactions into the polyurea system, and develops a high‐performance transparent film based on dual dynamic non‐covalent interactions, which enables the film to be reprocessed. Through the synergy of the dual non‐covalent networks, the film exhibits a high tensile strength of 79.6 ± 3.9 MPa and good hardness (pencil hardness of 4H, elastic modulus of 2.69 GPa). It can effectively resist the scratching of copper brush and maintain more than 97% of its initial mechanical strength after being reprocessed five times. In addition, the film has good adhesion to various substrates, as well as high flexibility (0.5 mm) and excellent optical properties (high light transmission of 91.1% and low haze of 0.94%). This study proposes a novel approach to enable polymer materials to be reprocessed and demonstrates the preparation of a film with great potential in optical protection and wearable devices.

Changeable closed-loop manufacturing systems: challenges in product take-back and evaluation of reconfigurable solutions

ABSTRACT Due to continuous focus on sustainability and circular economy, product take-back programs are becoming increasingly relevant and attractive. Thus, closed-loop manufacturing systems have to be designed and developed for disassembly, reprocessing of materials, re-assembly, and remanufacturing in a cost-efficient way. Compared to traditional manufacturing, this involves a higher need for changeability due to higher uncertainty, e.g. in terms of timing and quantity that the system needs to handle, uncertainty in quality and materials of received items, and in particular significant variety in returned items, the system should be designed to process. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to investigate how reconfigurability, as the enabler of changeability at manufacturing system level, can be utilised to aid challenges in closed-loop manufacturing systems for product take-back. Initially, insights from an industrial case are presented regarding challenges in establishing and operating closed-loop manufacturing systems for product take-back programs. Secondly, different closed-loop manufacturing concepts applying the principles of reconfigurability are proposed and evaluated in terms of cost and robustness towards the inherent uncertainties in supplied end-of-use items. The results show significant potential of utilising a modular and platform-based approach towards meeting supply uncertainties through reconfiguration, which allows for a more efficient setup for product take-back.

A Study Based upon the Usage Recycled Aggregate to Enhance the Strength Aspects of Conventional Concrete: A Critical Review

Recycled aggregates are those crushed cement concrete or asphalt pavement which comes out from the construction debris which is reused in construction. They are made from the reprocessing of materials which have been used in previous constructions. This paper discusses about the study of properties of recycled aggregates from the sources which has already been published. The results are that 100% replacement of natural aggregate by recycled concrete aggregate effect on chloride ions resistance, it plays negative effects on durability of recycled concrete aggregates, and addition of fiber in recycled aggregate concrete mixture gave more effective in the performance of concrete. On experimental study of recycled aggregate, compressive, flexural and split tensile strength of the recycled aggregate were found to be lower than that of the natural aggregate. Use of recycled aggregate in a new concrete production is still limited. Recommendation of introduction of recycled aggregates standard is required for the materials to be used successfully in future. Gaps in literature reviews are also included in this paper.

Covalent Adaptable Networks Using β-Amino Esters as Thermally Reversible Building Blocks.

In this study, β-amino esters, prepared by the aza-Michael addition of an amine to an acrylate moiety, are investigated as building blocks for the formation of dynamic covalent networks. While such amino esters are usually considered as thermally nondynamic adducts, the kinetic model studies presented here show that dynamic covalent exchange occurs via both dynamic aza-Michael reaction and catalyst-free transesterification. This knowledge is transferred to create β-amino ester-based covalent adaptable networks (CANs) with coexisting dissociative and associative covalent dynamic exchange reactions. The ease, robustness, and versatility of this chemistry are demonstrated by using a variety of readily available multifunctional acrylates and amines. The presented CANs are reprocessed via either a dynamic aza-Michael reaction or a catalyst-free transesterification in the presence of hydroxyl moieties. This results in reprocessable, densely cross-linked materials with a glass transition temperature (Tg) ranging from -60 to 90 °C. Moreover, even for the low Tg materials, a high creep resistance was demonstrated at elevated temperatures up to 80 °C. When additional β-hydroxyl group-containing building blocks are applied during the network design, an enhanced neighboring group participation effect allows reprocessing of materials up to 10 times at 150 °C within 30 min while maintaining their material properties.

Systematic Modulation and Structure–Property Relationships in Photopolymerizable Thermoplastics

Thermoplastics encompass the majority of commercial plastics but are limited to manufacturing techniques that require heat and/or solvent to enable material reprocessing and reshaping. Photopolymerization offers a readily accessible in situ alternative to conventional processing techniques but has typically been restricted to cross-linked networks, thus removing the potential for recycling/reprocessing of the materials. In this work, the paradigm of photopolymerizable thermoplastics consisting of semicrystalline thiol–ene polymers with repeat units structures mimicking those of poly(ethylene terephthalate) is explored. These materials are rapidly photopolymerized (<10 s) under mild irradiation conditions by using commercially available, unpurified dithiol and diene monomers to give polymeric materials with distinctive mechanical properties. The complex relationships between monomer structure, crystallization, and material properties (optical, thermal, and mechanical) were investigated by modifying the dithiol alkyl chain length (xDT, x = 2–10). Though subtle, these monomeric structural perturbations significantly impacted both the rate (∼0.3–19 MPa min–1) and extent of crystallization as well as the corresponding material properties (e.g., Young’s modulus and elongation to break ranging from 80–280 MPa and 500–840%, respectively). To confirm the expansive applicability of this facile photopolymerization method, substitutions to the diene functionalities that participate in crystallization were explored to understand the relationship between the monomer structure, the extent of crystallinity, and the mechanical performance. The photopolymers reported herein provide a basic framework to expand access to photocurable step-growth linear polymers with well-controlled polymerization-induced crystallization for a variety of applications, including for the rapid manufacture of prototypical or sacrificial components in 3D printing.

Self-Healing Material Design and Optimization for Soft Robotic Applications

The Diels-Alder reaction between furan and maleimide is the most studied example of reversible covalent chemistries for creating self-healing materials. While scientific articles reporting the synthesis of new reversible polymer networks are numerous, accurate knowledge of the reaction kinetics and thermodynamics of the dynamically reversible equilibrium reaction and the structure and property development of derived stimuli-responsive materials are less widespread. The requirements for the material properties and behavior become more stringent when designing materials for dedicated applications, such as soft robotic structures. Optima need to be sought between reasonably fast reaction kinetics for fast and efficient damage healing at moderate temperatures and mechanical strength and structural stability on the other hand. Stress relaxation is desired to make materials tougher, relieving stress before defects can grow into cracks and ultimately lead to failure, while creep can’t be allowed. Recycling and reprocessing of materials are desirable from an ecological viewpoint, while the materials should also be able to withstand static and dynamic loading in a considerable range of environmental conditions. Accurate knowledge of the reaction kinetics and thermodynamics and an in-depth knowledge of structure-processing-property relations allow smart polymer network design with tailored stimuli-responsive behavior and use as self-healing materials for robotic applications.

Waste material recycling and exchanging decisions for industrial symbiosis network optimization

Waste material recycling and exchanging decisions for industrial symbiosis network optimization

Life-cycle modeling framework for electronic waste recovery and recycling processes

Life-cycle modeling framework for electronic waste recovery and recycling processes

Plutonium in locations of local sources and its involvement in global circulation

Plutonium in locations of local sources and its involvement in global circulation

Study of the dispersion of Cloisite 10A in recycled polyethylene terephtalate by extrusion

Esta investigación fue enfocada en la dispersión de una arcilla de marca comercial Cloisite 10A en PET reciclado (RPET) para mejorar las propiedades del polímero reciclado que se perdieron en el reprocesamiento de los materiales, específicamente durante la extrusión. Diferentes mezclas de RPET/Cloisite 10A fueron preparadas en un extrusor monohusillo. Las mezclas obtenidas fueron reprocesadas en un extrusor monohusillo tipo reómetro y pasadas a traves de un dado capilar en altos esfuerzos de corte para para incrementar la dispersión de la arcilla en la matriz polimérica. Los resultados muestran degradación física de los materiales. Difracción de rayos X (XRD) indica exfoliación de la arcilla con bajas concentraciones. Además, los resultados reológicos muestran decremento en la viscosidad con incremento de la concentración de la arcilla en las mezclas. Microscopia electrónica de barrido (SEM) revela baja dispersión de la arcilla con incremento de la concentración.

Anthropogenic environmental risk exposure arising from an industrial activity and a city with the highest rate of emissions, in relation to particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) as the etiology of cardiorespiratory mortality

Anthropogenic environmental risk exposure arising from an industrial activity and a city with the highest rate of emissions, in relation to particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) as the etiology of cardiorespiratory mortality

Combined material flow analysis and life cycle assessment as a support tool for solid waste management decision making

Material flow analysis (MFA) and life cycle assessment (LCA) have both widely been applied to support solid waste management (SWM) decision making. However, they are often applied independently rather than conjointly. This paper presents an approach that combines the MFA and LCA methodologies to evaluate large and complex SWM systems from an environmental perspective. The approach was applied to evaluate the environmental performance, focusing on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, of a local authority SWM system and to compare it with alternative systems to assess the potential effectiveness of different waste policy measures. The MFA results suggest that national recycling targets are unlikely to be met even if the assessed policies are implemented optimally. It is likely that for the targets to be met, investigated policies would need to be combined with additional policies that target reductions in waste arisings. The LCA results found landfilling of residual waste to be the dominant source of GHG burdens for the existing system, whilst material reprocessing was found to result in GHG benefits. Overall, each of the alternative systems investigated were found to result in lower GHG impacts compared to the existing system, with the diversion of food waste from the residual waste stream found to be potentially the most effective strategy to reduce GHG emissions. The results of this study demonstrate that the complementary methodologies of MFA and LCA can be used in combination to provide policy and decision makers with valuable information about the environmental performance of SWM systems.

Influence of length of glass fibers in recycled polypropylene on tensile properties

The purpose of this article is to show the influence of grinded glass fibers in polymer material. Tested samples were processed by injection molding. Waste from this production was subsequently ground and a mixture was obtained with different size of crushed material. These particles contains glass fibers of similar length as the specific size of particle. Thus very small particles contain very short fibers. Investigation was carried out by testing tensile properties on material polypropylene with 30% glass fibers. Testing was conducted at ambient temperatures. The effect of reprocessing of material is mainly represented by fiber shortening. As a result, considerable reduction of tensile properties can be observed. The reduction is most evident in the modules of elasticity and ultimate tensile strength.

Greenhouse gas emission factors for recycling of source-segregated waste materials

Greenhouse gas emission factors for recycling of source-segregated waste materials

The influence of injection molding parameters on electrical properties of PC/ABS‐MWCNT nanocomposites

ABSTRACTThe influence of injection molding parameters on electrical properties and morphology of PC/ABS‐MWCNT nanocomposites is presented in this article. Investigation is based on the masterbatch of 5.0 wt % carbon nanotubes obtained by melt‐mixing. Further processing includes dilution of this nanocomposite to desired concentrations on twin‐screw extruder and injection molding or direct dilution of masterbatch in injection molding. Additionally, reprocessing of materials formed by compression and injection molding is presented along with the change in electrical conductivity. Morphology differs strongly between the two processing paths showing change in agglomeration behavior between nanotubes concentrations. Electrical properties show dependence on injection velocity and melt temperature in both applied processing paths. Moreover, electrical conductivity recovery is proved after injection and compression molding. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 2152–2158, 2013

Enterprise Eco-watching and Appraisal: Asset Modelling and Sustainability Assessment

Enterprise Eco-watching and Appraisal: Asset Modelling and Sustainability Assessment