Histological Examination Of Material Research Articles

МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ОЦЕНКА ПРОЦЕССА ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ НЕОИНТИМЫ И VASA VASORUM ПОСЛЕ ПРОТЕЗИРОВАНИЯ БРЮШНОЙ АОРТЫ В ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТЕ

Background. The article considers one of the most important problems in modern vascular surgery – the choice of a vascular graft for performing reconstructive surgical operations on the great vessels. The aim of this study is to perform a morphological comparison of the neointima and vasa vasorum formation in an experiment using various types of vascular grafts. Material and methods. The study was performed on female white pigs (n=12). The animals were divided into 2 groups: group 1 – those with implantation of a synthetic vascular graft made of Dacron coated with modified gelatin, group 2 – those with implantation of a biological vascular graft made of bovine xenopericardium. The material for histological examination was explanted vascular grafts with segments of the abdominal aorta. The sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and Masson trichrome. For the morphometric study we used digital images of histological preparations obtained from a Leica DFC425 digital camera as well as scanned digital images of histological preparations obtained from a Leica Aperio AT2 scanner. Results. Morphometric examination of the neointima revealed that 3 and 6 months after surgery, the thickness of the neointima when using a synthetic vascular graft was significantly greater than when using a biological vascular graft from bovine xenopericardium (p<0.001). Endothelization of the neointima was noted only in the group of animals with a bioprosthesis. At the same time, an earlier and more pronounced formation of vasa vasorum was noted in animals with an implanted biological vascular graft. Conclusion. The formation of neointima was noted when using both biological and synthetic vascular grafts. In the group of animals with an implanted biological vascular graft from bovine xenopericardium, neointima endothelization and pronounced vascularization were noted, which indicates a greater physiological potential of this graft and is a factor reducing the risk of thrombosis.

Endoscopic picture of pseudopolyposis in inflammatory bowel diseases

Aim. To evaluate the frequency of pseudopolypes (PP), as well as their histological structure in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Materials and methods. 165 patients with IBD were examined (113 with ulcerative colitis (UC), 52 with Crohn’s disease (CD)). All patients underwent ileocolonoscopy with taking the material for histological examination in case pseudopolypes were detected. Results. It was revealed that pseudopolypes were found in 27% of patients with IBD (in UC - in 29%, CD - 23%). In different phases of the inflammatory process in UC, the number of PP was comparable to each other. In CD, PP was statistically significantly more often detected at the stage of scars and outside of exacerbation than in the phases of infiltration and ulcers. During histological examination of biopsy material from PP tissue hyperplasia, inflammatory polyp and granulation tissue were verified. Adenoma was detected in one case in each of the IBD. Crypt abscesses and crypt discomplexation were found only with exacerbation of UC. Conclusion. Based on the results of our study, pseudopolypes occur in both UC and CD in different phases of the inflammatory process, which indicates the absence of specificity of these tumors for any of the IBD. The identification of a large number of PP at a pronounced stage of UC, in our opinion, indicates the connection of PP with an aggressive attack, which can serve as one of the criteria for predicting the course of UC. The cellular composition of PP in most cases reflected inflammation or healing of erosive and ulcerative defects, as well as in a small number of cases, the presence of adenoma. Thus, PP requires careful examination during endoscopic examination, if there is a suspicion of neoplasia or dysplasia in the PP tissue, biopsies must be taken for histological examination.

Histological Studies of Snails at Different Periods of Their Life Activity

Large species of terrestrial mollusks are used for human consumption and are bred for this purpose. They have become a part of national cuisine in many countries. Histology is used in many fields of humane and veterinary medicine. Its main essence is that this method can diagnose the presence of formations and inclusions. It is used to determine this process's structure and stage of development. Samples of different tissues can be used as material for histological examination. The specialist analyzes and describes the histological preparations obtained after processing the material. Thus, we proposed a histological method of studying snails. This method can provide the data of snails’ state as a whole. Snails of the species Helix aspersa maxima, Helix aspersa muller, and Helix pomatia were the material for the study. Ten snails of each species were selected for the experiment at different periods: immediately after hibernation, five days after wakening, 14 days after wakening, and at the time of their active life – in July. First, we conducted histological studies of snails during their active life, i.e., in the summer months. Therefore, for this purpose, snails for the experiment were taken in July. It was determined that if the snail eats and has an everyday life, its digestive gland generally consists of digestive tubules separated by intertubular connective tissue containing hemolymphatic sinuses and hemocytes. Thus, in our research, we studied the structure of the digestive gland. A circular muscle layer surrounds each tubule. There are three different cell types in the epithelium lining the tubules of the digestive glands, which differentiate into digestive cells, calcium cells, and excretory cells. Digestive cells are the most numerous cellular component of the tubular epithelium of the digestive gland. Basally located nuclei of digestive cells have a round or oval shape. During the rest period, the digestive gland of snails is characterized by a complete loss of digestive function and the transformation of digestive cells into excretory ones. Metabolic products are not excreted into the environment. When they accumulate, they fill all cavities in the body of snails, namely the lumens of glandular tubules, excretory ducts, stomach, and intestines. Food intake in snails increases the level of metabolism. It stimulates the differentiation of digestive cells, the functional activity of excretory cells, and the volume of excretory products. It leads to the complete liberation of the digestive tract from accumulated excretion products during the rest period. The structure of the digestive gland is completely restored.

Morphological reorganization of periodontic tissues under experimental opioid influence for twelve weeks

Peculiarities of pathomorphological changes of periodontal components of rats under the long-term opioid influence during twelve weeks in the experiment have been studied.Objective – to determine the features of structural changes in the tissues of the periodontal complex of rats under conditions of long-term experimental action of opioids for twelve weeks.Methods. Adult male rats were administered the opioid analgesic nalbuphine for 12 weeks, in gradually increasing doses every 2 weeks. The initial dose was 0.212 mg / kg, 11-12 weeks - 0.3 mg / kg. Components of the dental organ of the upper and lower jaws of rats were used as material for histological examination. Sampling was performed at the end of week 12 of the experiment.Results. On histological preparations in the epithelium of the gums thinning, ulcers, desquamation, as well as the presence of areas of necrosis and inflammatory infiltrates were determined. Microscopic examinations of the epithelium of the free part of the gums in the gingival sulcus revealed foci of necrosis, accumulation of purulent bodies, damage to the epithelium of attachment and defragmentation of circular periodontal fibers, which led to the formation of periodontal pockets. Destruction of collagen fibers, purulent bodies, fibrinoid edema and fibrinoid necrosis were noted in the own plate. In the constituent components of the periodontium, the destruction of fibers with detachment from the connective tissue membrane of the dental cell, as well as signs of mucoid edema were determined. In the connective tissue of the periodontium observed thrombosis and stasis due to the coordination of blood cells, excessive proliferation of microvessels, diapedetic hemorrhage, which led to the progression of hypoxia.Conclusions. The experimental action of the opioid for 12 weeks revealed alternative changes, which were due to the deepening of dystrophy, necrosis of the soft tissues of the periodontium and severe hemomicrocirculation. Diffuse progression of the inflammatory-dystrophic process was due to insufficient activity of reparative processes, which indicated the irreversible nature of changes in the periodontium, which developed against the background of chronic opioid exposure.

A clinical case of the debut of pemphigus foliaceus against the background of vaccination against coronavirus infection (COVID-19)

The article describes the onset of pemphigus foliaceus against the background of vaccination with the combined vector vaccine "Gam-COVID-Vac" ("Sputnik V"). A feature of this clinical case is the duration of the period from the moment of development of the first symptoms of the disease to clinical and immunohistochemical confirmation of the diagnosis, which, in fact, indicates a low availability of specialized medical care for rare dermatoses. In particular, the waiting period for taking material for histological examination lasted for several months, which, in fact, is not an isolated case. At the same time, against the background of an increase in clinical symptoms, this became an additional factor in the patient's self-referral to a specialized federal state medical institution, where, within two weeks, the diagnosis was confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis methods and inpatient treatment was carried out with a pronounced positive effect. In addition, the analysis of the medical care provided to the patient showed insufficient alertness and the level of training of dermatovenereologists in diagnosing rare dermatoses accompanied by blistering rashes. In particular, the patient initially underwent several courses of antifungal therapy in combination with intravenous infusion of systemic glucocorticosteroids. The article also presents an analysis of the frequency of occurrence of this disease in different countries for more than 100 years.

Radiation therapy for brain stem tumor in children

Background. Tumors of the central nervous system occupy the first place in the structure of causes of death from malignant tumors among children. The tumors of brain stem structures account for 10 to 15% of all intracranial neoplasms in this age group. The etiology of these tumors is not completely known. Diagnosis of pathology is based on clinical manifestations and magnetic resonance imaging. Obtaining material for histological examination at this location is associated with the risk of severe neurological disorders. Despite clinical trials in search of targeted therapy, the treatment of this pathology is based on chemoradiation therapy. Purpose – to analyze the effectiveness of radiation therapy in mono-mode and in patients with the tumors of brain stem structures without intake of Temozolomide, a ccording to the results of clinical studies conducted on the basis of National Children’s Specialized Hospital «OKHMATDYT» of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. Materials and Methods. On the basis of the National Children’s Specialized Hospital «OKHMATDYT» of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, in the Department of Radiation Therapy of the Radiology Center during the 3-year existence, 22 people with brain stem tumor were treated on a linear electron accelerator Elekta Sinergy S. By gender: 12 boys aged 3–10 (54%), 10 girls aged 3–11 (46%). The average life expectancy of girls was longer and exceeded one year, compared with boys. The average age was 6 ± 4 years. The diagnosis in most cases was made radiologically, but 4 patients (18%) had histological confirmation. Radiation therapy was performed according to the High grade glioma protocol with total basic dose (TBD) of up to 54 Gy for 30 fractions. 2 patients received repeated radiation therapy due to the deterioration of neurological symptoms and negative dynamics on MRI. Planning of 3D-CRT, IMRT, VMAT irradiation techniques was performed on a Monaco planning system using the Monte Carlo calculation algorithm. Results. The use of radiation therapy with appropriate anti-edematous drug support, provided significant improvement in the neurological status of the child in 5–14 days from the beginning. After 4–6 weeks of control in 21 patients there was a decrease in the pathological focus compared to the original size by 17–70%. In 5 patients the tumor spread to the large hemispheres and/ or spinal cord after radiation therapy. 2 patients received repeated radiation therapy in 1 year and 1 year and 1 month after the previous one, based on the deterioration of neurological symptoms and negative dynamics on MRI. The average life expectancy was 13 months ± 7 months. It was longer for girls – more than a year, compared to boys. Conclusions. Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas are the leading cause of child mortality among patients with CNS tumors. Less than 10% of children live more than 2 years after diagnosis. At present, there is no method of radical treatment of patients with diffuse intrinsic point glioma. Radiation therapy still remains the main standard of treatment for DIPG, which improves the quality and duration of a child’s life.

Pathomorphology of lymph nodes in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection observed in Primorsky Krai

Introduction. When studying COVID-19 pathology, considerable attention is paid to the damage to the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, which are associated with the manifestation of the infection. Data on changes in the organs of the lymphatic system are yet scarce. To date, COVID-19 is sure to cause the dysfunction of the immune system; however, information about the damage to the lymph nodes is ambiguous. The aim of the study was to characterize morphological changes in the hilar lymph nodes of patients who died from a new coronavirus infection COVID-19 in Vladivostok in 2021. Materials and methods. A morphological study of the lymph nodes was performed in 20 patients who died from the new coronavirus infection, diagnosed in vivo using a PCR test. The controls were patients who did not have diseases of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue in their medical histories but who died a violent death. The material for histological examination was processed according to generally accepted methods. Results. In all patients, we identified lymphadenopathy with hypoplasia of lymphoid tissue of varying severity. In the cortex, lymphatic follicles were detected, mainly without light (germinal) centers, as well as follicles with a pronounced rarefaction of cells and exposure to the reticular stroma, with no visualization of the paracortical zone. According to the severity of reactive changes in the T- and B-dependent zones of the lymph nodes, we distinguished two types of lymphadenopathy: 1) mixed follicular type; 2) follicular involution with lymphoid depletion. Conclusion. Pathological changes in the hilar lymph nodes of the lungs in patients who died from COVID-19 indicated immunosuppressive effects of the SARS-CoV-2. The pathologic changes in lymph nodes manifested with lymphocytic depletion in T- and B-dependent zones. This indicates a deficiency of cellular and humoral immunity in moderate and severe COVID-19. Keywords: coronavirus infection, COVID-19, pathomorphology, lymph nodes, lymphocytic depletion, immunodeficiency

Dynamics of morphological, immunological and histological changes in microsporіа in guinea pigs

Microsporіа affect different species of animals and humans. The high contagiousness of the pathogen determines the relevance of research into this disease. Microsporum canis is the pathogen that most often causes microsporia. Weakened functions of the immune system and violation of the epithelial barrier of the skin are a favourable factor that causes microspores. The main source of infection is cats, which are involved in the storage and transmission of the pathogen. To clarify the dynamics of morphological, immunological and histological changes in microsporia, blood and skin studies of guinea pigs infected with M. canis were carried out. The animals were divided into two groups of 6 guinea pigs (healthy and sick). Test material (blood and skin) was taken from clinically healthy and sick animals 21 and 42 days after infection. The number of erythrocytes and leukocytes was determined by counting them in the Goryaev chamber, the hemoglobin content – by the method of cyanide hemoglobin. The leukogram was derived based on the counting and differentiation of 200 leukocyte cells in blood smears. Material for histological examination (pieces of skin) was fixed in 10–12% cooled solution of neutral formalin, followed by pouring in paraffin according to the scheme proposed by G. A. Merkulov. The obtained results demonstrated that leukocytosis developed in guinea pigs with microsporia on the 21st and 42nd days; the number of rod-shaped neutrophils increased, that of segmental neutrophils decreased, and that of ESR increased. The immune response to the course of microsporia was manifested in an increase in the percentage of T-lymphocytes, T-suppressors and a decrease in T-helper cells and an increase in T-killers compared with healthy animals. Histological examination showed that on the 21st day after infection, hyphae and spores of the fungus M. canis were localized in the skin. There is swelling of the dermis, stratification of collagen fibers and the accumulation of inflammatory infiltrates around the hair follicles. On the 42nd day, the infiltration spread and dystrophic changes in the skin occurred in the form of desquamation of the epidermis and the formation of acanthosis and hyperkeratosis on the surface of the dermis. The conducted research will allow further assessment of the course of microsporia under the action of various drugs and help establish the most effective method of treatment.

Experience in use of biological coatings in complex treatment of extensive burn wounds

The article presents the experience of successful surgical treatment of a patient with a severe burn injury using biological wound coatings with cadaveric skin grafts and dermal matrix afer wound debridement. Each of the presented biological coatings was evaluated on the basis of their clinical effectiveness (general condition of the patient, stage of the wound-healing process) and the results of microscopic examination of histological material during preparation of wounds for autotransplantation.

INFLUENCE OF ARSIL FEED ADDITIVE ON HEMATOLOGICAL INDICES, PRODUCTIVITY AND STRUCTURE OF INTERNAL ORGANS BROILER CHICKENS

Poultry farming using modern technologies requires the employment of veterinary preparation for the prevention of infectious diseases and also feed additives for the improvement of metabolic functions and correction of body resistance.
 The article presents the results of clinical trials of feed additives in the form of an ionic solution concentrate of the biologically active nanosilicon "Arsil". The clinical study was performed on healthy ten-day-old broiler chicken, cross "Cobb-500", organized into three groups of 20 heads each: Group I received a feed additive at a dose of 0.5 ml per 1 liter of water, group II – at a dose of 1.0 ml per 1 liter of water and group III was the control group (on a regular diet, without feed additives). The use of the studied feed additive was carried out by watering with water for 30 days. Poultry of all groups were fed with identical feeds in accordance with regulatory requirements taking into account the age of the bird. The clinical condition of the bird was monitored daily, control weightings were performed once a week and blood samples were taken for laboratory tests on days 15 and 35 of the experiment. At the end of the experiment, a diagnostic slaughter of birds of all groups and a complete pathological autopsy with selection of material for histological examination were performed.
 Studies have shown that the use of the feed additive "Arsil" contributed to weight gain and average daily gain, improved the feed conversion and the tendency for the growth of the concentration of hemoglobin, hematocrit and erythrocytes in broiler chicken from the experimental groups compared with the control group at the end of fattening. The structure of the internal organs of birds of all studied groups is preserved, macroscopic changes in organs and tissues are not detected. An increase in the coefficients of mass of immune-competent organs in broiler chicken fed the feed additive "Arsil" compared with the control group was found.

PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE SKIN OF THE GUINEA PIGS IN THE COURSE OF MICROSPORES

During the course of microspores on the skin, the balance between the species of saprophytic microorganisms and hypersensitivity as an integral part of the inflammatory reaction resulting from the presence of the pathogen in the skin is disturbed. The degree of expression of inflammation varies. Clinical manifestations of microsporia are manifested by erythema, alopecia, scaly and crust formation. The aim. Histological studies were performed to determine pathomorphological changes in the skin of guinea pigs during microsporia. The studies were conducted on clinically healthy and sick guinea pigs during the acute course of the disease, during regeneration and during recovery.And also carry out a description and characterization of the identified changes in the skin.The obtained research results showed that patients with microsporia had changes in the morphological composition of the skin, which were characterized by thickening and keratinization of the epidermis, there were small-focal polymorphic cell infiltrates, there was a violation of the microvasculature and the formation of micellar formations. Materials and methods. The material for histological examination(pieces of guinea pig skin) was fixed in a 10–12 % cooled solution of neutral formalin, followed by pouring into paraffin according to the scheme proposed by G.A. Merkulov (1969). Histomic sections 5–7 μm thick were made on the MC-2 dome microtome. Hematoxylin and eosin staining were used for the morphological evaluation of cells and tissue. Microscopy was performed using an OLIMPUS CX-41 microscope. Results. Signs of superficial inflammation with hyperkeratosis and desquamation of cells of the stratified epithelium, microcracks of the epidermis were found in the skin of the patient with microsporia of the tentacle during the acute course. Signs of inflammation of the follicles and surrounding tissues are visualized. Round-cell and plasma connective tissue infiltrates of the connective tissue of the skin were detected by lymphoid, histiocytic and other cellular elements. There is moderate leukocyte infiltration in the dermis. Signs of inflammation by type of infiltration around the hair follicles, enlargement of the blood capillaries and the presence of microabscesses. In the stage of regeneration during recovery, a clear contoured layer of epithelial cells is established. There are no signs of inflammatory reaction in the dermis. Conclusion. In microspores, inflammatory processes occur in all layers of the skin. The skin of sick animals loses its barrier function due to pathomorphological changes. The long-term consequences of the pathological process during the course of microspores can provoke the development of chronic dermatitis with scleroderma. During the course of microspores on the skin, the balance between the species of saprophytic microorganisms and hypersensitivity as an integral part of the inflammatory reaction resulting from the presence of the pathogen in the skin is disturbed. The degree of expression of inflammation varies. Clinical manifestations of microsporia are manifested by erythema, alopecia, scaly and crust formation. The aim. Histological studies were performed to determine pathomorphological changes in the skin of guinea pigs during microsporia. The studies were conducted on clinically healthy and sick guinea pigs during the acute course of the disease, during regeneration and during recovery.And also carry out a description and characterization of the identified changes in the skin.The obtained research results showed that patients with microsporia had changes in the morphological composition of the skin, which were characterized by thickening and keratinization of the epidermis, there were small-focal polymorphic cell infiltrates, there was a violation of the microvasculature and the formation of micellar formations.Materials and methods. The material for histological examination(pieces of guinea pig skin) was fixed in a 10–12 % cooled solution of neutral formalin, followed by pouring into paraffin according to the scheme proposed by G.A. Merkulov (1969). Histomic sections 5–7 μm thick were made on the MC-2 dome microtome. Hematoxylin and eosin staining were used for the morphological evaluation of cells and tissue. Microscopy was performed using an OLIMPUS CX-41 microscope. Results. Signs of superficial inflammation with hyperkeratosis and desquamation of cells of the stratified epithelium, microcracks of the epidermis were found in the skin of the patient with microsporia of the tentacle during the acute course. Signs of inflammation of the follicles and surrounding tissues are visualized. Round-cell and plasma connective tissue infiltrates of the connective tissue of the skin were detected by lymphoid, histiocytic and other cellular elements. There is moderate leukocyte infiltration in the dermis. Signs of inflammation by type of infiltration around the hair follicles, enlargement of the blood capillaries and the presence of microabscesses. In the stage of regeneration during recovery, a clear contoured layer of epithelial cells is established. There are no signs of inflammatory reaction in the dermis. Conclusion. In microspores, inflammatory processes occur in all layers of the skin. The skin of sick animals loses its barrier function due to pathomorphological changes. The long-term consequences of the pathological process during the course of microspores can provoke the development of chronic dermatitis with scleroderma.

Pathoanatomical Pattern of Brain Damage of White Mice Infected with Experimental Anthrax

Background. Bacillus anthracis is a microorganism that causes anthrax. Because of irrational therapy, this particularly dangerous infectious disease leads to a systemic spread of bacteria in the body through histohematological barriers. Bacilli entering the brain subsequently lead to hemorrhagic meningitis. Despite intensive antibiotic therapy, that kind of meningitis is difficult to cure and therefore highly lethal. Studying characteristics of anthrax’s isolates of different origin and genotype is an actual area of research.The aim of the study is searching for pathomorphological and histological changes in the brain regions of experimental animals with anthrax infection, caused by B. anthracis with different plasmid spectrum.Materials and methods: The study was conducted on 200 certified white mice, three B. anthracis strains were used as research objects: B. anthracis I-323 (рХО1– /рХО2– ), B. anthracis I-275 (рХО1- /рХО2- ), and B. anthracis I-217 (рХО1+ / рХО2– ). The material for histological examination was the brain of mice, embedded in paraffin, and then sections were prepared using a microtome and stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Nissl toluidine blue. The degree of neuronal damage was assessed by calculating the semi-quantitative factor and determining the average size of the neuron nuclei, and the numerical density of cells in 1mm2 was studied. Microphotography and quantitative analysis was performed using the Motic Images Plus 2.0 application package. Statistical processing of the results was performed using the program “Statistica 6.0”.The results of the study showed that the brain of infected mice shows signs of hemorrhagic leptomeningitis, the manifestations of which are more pronounced in mice infected with weakly virulent plasmid strains of B. anthracis and fallen mice.Conclusion. Multicomponent exotoxin and specialized proteins, encoded in the pathogenicity plasmid of microorganisms, allow B. anthracis to easily overcome histohematological barriers and cause severe septic anthrax. The results obtained during the study supplement the available information on the pathogenesis of anthrax and indicate the need for further research in this direction.

Experience with laparoscopic procedures in children with pancreatic pseudocysts

Introduction. Pancreatic pseudocysts are encapsulated fluid accumulations in the lesser sac, devoid of epithelial lining. Pseudocysts occur after traumatic or inflammatory injury of the pancreatic parenchyma and are relatively rare in children. In recent years, there has been a trend towards minimally invasive surgery for pancreatic pseudocyst. The article presents the experience of laparoscopic operations. Purpose to the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of laparoscopic operations in children with pancreatic pseudocysts. Materials and methods. There were 11 patients, range 4–17 years, from 2013 to 2018. An indication for surgery was the presence of a cystic cavity with a formed wall, more than 6 cm in size, which was not amenable to conservative management. In cases of infection of unformed pseudocyst, we conducted external drainage through the anterior abdominal wall and the gastrocolic ligament. Results. Surgical therapies for 11 patients consisted external drainage (2), laparoscopic Roux-en-Y cystojejunostomy (6), laparoscopic partial cystectomy with distal pancreaticojejunostomy (1), laparoscopic partial cystectomy with longitudinal pancreaticojejunostomy (2). We don’t have intraoperative complications. Early postoperative complications occurred in 2 patients: external pancreatic fistula in the place of drainage, which closed independently, and intestinal obstruction at the level of the Roux-en-Y anastomosis, which required reconstructive surgery. Conclusion . The type of intervention should be determined by the etiology of the cyst, localization and connection with the main pancreatic duct. Laparoscopic surgery in children with pancreatic pseudocysts is effective and less traumatic. Laparoscopy allows to conduct a full revision, to take material for histological examination, to perform, if necessary, sequestrectomy, to ensure reliable long-term drainage.

LAPAROSCOPIC PROCEDURES IN CHILDREN WITH PANCREATIC PSEUDOCYSTS

Introduction. Pancreatic pseudocysts are encapsulated fluid sacs in the omentum having no epithelial lining; they appear in the pancreas after injury and inflammation. Recently, there has appeared a trend to treat pancreatic pseudocysts with laparoscopic surgical interventions. The article describes laparoscopic treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts in 10 children. Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of laparoscopic interventions in children with pseudocysts in the pancreas. Material and methods. In 2013-2018, 10 laparoscopic surgeries in children, aged 4-17 (5 boys and 5 girls), with pancreatic pseudocysts were performed at the department of pediatric surgery in the Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education. Indications for surgery were: pancreatic pseudocysts having diameter more than 6 cm and wall thickness more than 3-4 mm, no effect after the conservative therapy , cyst formation more than 3 months, persistent pain syndrome. Results. The choice of a surgical technique was defined by pseudocyst etiology and location. The children had six laparoscopic cystoeunoanastomoses, two partial cystectomies with a distal pancreatojejunoanastomosis and two partial cystectomies with a longitudinal pancreatojejunoanastomosis when the cyst was formed at the chronic pancreatitis. No intraoperative complications were seen. Early postoperative complications occurred in 2 patients: an external pancreatic fistula at the drainage site (1) and intestinal obstruction (1) at the level of the intestinal anastomosis. Conclusion. Laparoscopic surgeries in children with pancreatic pseudocysts are effective and less traumatic. The laparoscopic technique allows to make a complete revision, to perform sequestrnecrectomy , if necessary, as well as to take the material for histological examination and to ensure a reliable long-term drainage.

Патоморфологія аспергільозу полярних сов (Bubo scandiacus)

This article describes pathomorphological changes developing on the conditions of aspergillosis polar owls. Research Proven to 6 polar sovah (Bubo scandiacus), which are kept at home. Dissection of birds that died were carried out by Shor. Internal organs were removed only Organocomplexes, keeping their anatomical and physiological relationships. When opening the selected material for histological examination. Fixation of the pieces performed in 10% neutral formalin solution. Histozrizy sleigh made using microtome, stained with hematoxylin-eosin, methylene green and pironinom by brush. The diagnosis is established complex, based on history, clinical signs of the analysis, the results of postmortem (including histological) study. During the autopsy the most pronounced structural changes found in respiratory organs. In the pneumatic bags and lungs vizualizuvalys multiple granulomas white and yellow compacted consistency. Form asperhiloznyh preferably concentric lesions, hudzykopodibna. Some granulomas in its center containing necrotic mass. Often found conglomerates asperhiloznyh knots. Affected pneumatic bags are thick, dense (because of diffuse proliferation of connective tissue), delayed on the surface of fibrin. Often asperhilozni granuloma located on the thick connective tissue stem. For histological examination revealed that the center was located granulomas significant number of sero-fibrinous fluid that infiltrated abundant histiocytes, poorly lymphoid elements. On the periphery vizualizuvalys lymphocytes, and plasma cells psevdoeozynofily, fibroblasts. In the center of «mature» asperhiloznyh granulomas develop pronounced necrotic changes. Around hyperemic vessels developed peryvazalni pronounced swelling. In addition, the bags found povitryanosnyh sclerotic changes (increase of fibroblast proliferation and connective tissue), and in the lungs - perifocal sero-fibrinous pneumonia. In the small intestine recorded acute catarrhal or hemorrhagic inflammation. Also showed signs of intoxication (dystrophic and necrotic changes in hepatocytes and nefrotsytiv), general anemia, cardiovascular and pulmonary disease.

Solitary bone cyst

The solitary or traumatic bone cyst (TBC) is an uncommon non-epithelial lined cavity of the jaws. The lesion is mainly diagnosed in young patients most frequently during the second decade of life. The majority of them are located in the mandibular body between the canine and the third molar. Clinically, the lesion is asymptomatic and is often accidentally discovered on routine radiological examination. The definite diagnosis of traumatic cyst can only be determined at surgery. Often, the material for histological examination may be scanty or non-existent. We present a documented case of a solitary bone cyst involving the body of the mandible. A brief review of literature regarding the main characteristics of the lesion is provided.

Influence of the prebiotic Salgard and a herb mixture on Pekin ducklings in organic poultry production, part II: Histological and microbiological investigation

The purpose of this investigation was to study the influence of the prebiotic Salgard and an herb mixture (rosemary, thyme, basil, oregano and cinnamon) on the histostructure of some internal organs and on the intestinal microflora of Pekin ducklings in an organic production system. Seventy two Pekin ducklings distributed randomly into 3 groups of 24 birds each and sexed (12 ?and 12 ?) were used as followed: group I (control) fed a standard diet; group II - fed the same diet supplemented with the prebiotic Salgard at a concentration of 0.15 %, and group III - fed the same diet supplemented with 0.15 % of a herb mixture in an equal proportion (0.03% of each herb - rosemary, thyme, basil, oregano and cinnamon). At slaughter, material for histological examination was obtained from the ileum, the caeca, the liver and the kidneys of birds. Faecal content from the ileum and the caeca were submitted to microbiological analysis. The addition of Salgard in a concentration of 0.15 % to the diet of Pekin ducklings contributed to significant increasing the length of the villi intestinales (P<0.001) and diameter of intestinal glands (P<0.01) in the ileum and epithelial height (P<0.05) in the caeca, as well as with a reduction of pathogenic intestinal microorganisms in the birds that received the prebiotic and herb mixture.

Traumatic bone cyst of the mandible of possible iatrogenic origin: a case report and brief review of the literature

The traumatic bone cyst (TBC) is an uncommon nonepithelial lined cavity of the jaws. The lesion is mainly diagnosed in young patients most frequently during the second decade of life. The majority of TBCs are located in the mandibular body between the canine and the third molar. Clinically, the lesion is asymptomatic in the majority of cases and is often accidentally discovered on routine radiological examination usually as an unilocular radiolucent area with a "scalloping effect". The definite diagnosis of traumatic cyst is invariably achieved at surgery. Since material for histologic examination may be scant or non-existent, it is very often difficult for a definite histologic diagnosis to be achieved. We present a well documented radiographically and histopathologically atypical case of TBC involving the ramus of the mandible, which is also of possible iatrogenic origin. The literature is briefly reviewed.

Validation of hysteroscopic view in cases of endometrial hyperplasia and cancer in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding

Study objective To validate hysteroscopic view with histology in cases of endometrial hyperplasia and cancer in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) Design Retrospective study (Canadian Task Force classification II-3). Setting University teaching hospitals in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, and private office in Rio de Janeiro. Patients Four thousand and fifty-four patients with AUB in whom hysteroscopic views were complete and the histologic result was conclusive. Intervention Four thousand and fifty-four office hysteroscopies with complete views and conclusive histologic results. The material for histologic examination was obtained through biopsy of the lesion in an outpatient unit or through the resection of the entire lesion in patients who underwent surgery. Histology was considered the “gold standard” and compared with the hysteroscopic view. Measurements and main results In the histology of the 4054 examinations, 613 (15.2%) were endometrial hyperplasia, and 105 (2.6%) were endometrial cancer. The most frequent hysteroscopic finding was endometrial polyps (31.2%). In endometrial hyperplasia, the sensitivity of the hysteroscopic view was 56.3% (95% CI 52.2%–60.2%), specificity was 89.1% (95% CI 88.0%–90.1%), positive predictive value (PPV) was 48.0% (95% CI 44.3%–51.7%), negative predictive value (NPV) was 92.0% (95% CI 90.1%–92.9%), and accuracy was 72.7% (95% CI 70.7%–74.7%). Accuracy was defined as the proportion of correct results among the hysteroscopic examinations. In endometrial cancer, the sensitivity of the hysteroscopic view was 80.0% (95% CI 71.1%–87.2%), specificity was 99.5% (95% CI 99.2%–99.7%), PPV was 81.5% (95% CI 72.7%–88.5%), NPV was 99.5% (95% CI 99.2%–99.7%), and accuracy was 89.8% (95% CI, 85.9%–93.6%). In the 814 patients (20.0%) in whom the hysteroscopic view was normal, there were no false negatives for endometrial cancer; however, there were 37 (4.5%) false negatives for endometrial hyperplasia. In the histologic cases of endometrial cancer, 101 (96.2%) hysteroscopic views were compatible with cancer or hyperplasia (80.0% and 16.2%, respectively). Ninety-seven out of 103 hysteroscopic views with cancer findings (94.2%) had histologic diagnosis of cancer or hyperplasia (81.5% and 12.6%, respectively). Conclusion It seems that even in face of good validity of hysteroscopic view for endometrial hyperplasia and cancer, histologic study is mandatory in the presence of any lesion as the hysteroscopic view cannot completely replace the histologic study in patients with AUB.

Helicobacter pylori infection in patients undergoing gastric bypass surgery for morbid obesity.

Studies suggest that the incidence of Helicobacter pylori infection in obese patients, including those undergoing gastric reduction surgery, may be increased. We examined the histologic findings at the time of surgery in a series of patients who were undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) for morbid obesity and compared these results with patients in our institution undergoing endoscopy. Of 60 patients undergoing RYGBP, material for histologic examination was available in 56 cases, and in 40 cases gastric fundic mucosa from the anastomotic site was sampled at the time of surgery. Active chronic gastritis was present in 6 (15%), and chronic gastritis was present in 27 (68%). H. pylori was present in all 6 cases of active chronic gastritis and in 9 cases of chronic gastritis (total 38%). This incidence of H. pylori infection was higher than that found in the series of gastric biopsies (107/500, 21%, p = 0.03) and fundic biopsies (10/80, 13%, p = 0.003), but was not different when compared with age-matched gastric biopsies (44/177, 25%, p = 0.12). The incidence of H. pylori in patients undergoing RYGBP was higher than that found in all patients undergoing endoscopy and biopsy and than those undergoing fundic biopsies, but not higher when age-matched controls were considered.