Material Assistance Research Articles

Research on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Emergency Support System and Optimization Method Based on Gaussian Global Seagull Algorithm

In emergency rescue scenarios, drones can be equipped with different payloads as needed to aid in tasks such as disaster reconnaissance, situational awareness, communication support, and material assistance. However, rescue missions typically face challenges such as limited reconnaissance boundaries, heterogeneous communication networks, complex data fusion, high task latency, and limited equipment endurance. To address these issues, an unmanned emergency support system tailored for emergency rescue scenarios is designed. This system leverages 5G edge computing technology to provide high-speed and flexible network access along with elastic computing power support, reducing the complexity of data fusion across heterogeneous networks. It supports the control and data transmission of drones through the separation of the control plane and the data plane. Furthermore, by applying the Tammer decomposition method to break down the system optimization problem, the Global Learning Seagull Algorithm for Gaussian Mapping (GLSOAG) is proposed to jointly optimize the system’s energy consumption and latency. Through simulation experiments, the GLSOAG demonstrates significant advantages over the Seagull Optimization Algorithm (SOA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Beetle Antennae Search Algorithm (BAS) in terms of convergence speed, optimization accuracy, and stability. The system optimization approach effectively reduces the system’s energy consumption and latency costs. Overall, our work alleviates the pain points faced in rescue scenarios to some extent.

Rukun Kematian Dalam Pertukaran dan Sanksi (Studi Kasus di Desa Hadungdung, Kecamatan Portibi, Kabupaten Padang Lawas Utara)

The pillar of death is a community tradition in Hadungdung Village which is carried out to ease the burden on families who are experiencing misfortune due to the death of one of their family members. The pillar of death is not just a cultural tradition but in the pillar of death there is a high value of solidarity between communities. Exchange and sanctions in the pillar of death are one of the forms of practice carried out in the pillar of death in Hadungdung village. The formulation of the problem in this study is what is the meaning of the pillar of death in the community of Hadungdung village, how the exchange is practiced in the pillar of death in Hadungdung village and how sanctions are practiced on members of the pillar of death in Hadungdung village. The informants of this study amounted to 6 (six) people, namely the chairman of the death pillar and members of the death pillar, in determining the research informants, the researcher used the purposive technique. Data collection was carried out using observation, interview and documentation methods. The results of the study show that the pillar of death for the people of Hadungdung village as a form of help, the exchange system carried out in the pillar of death is not just in the form of labor and material assistance, people who come to condole and help will get a packet of rice and side dishes as a sign of gratitude. Clear and firm sanctions in the pillar of death make the members of the pillar of death more responsible and obedient to the applicable rules.

An online survey of perspectives towards the impact of the covid-19 pandemic amongst caregivers of adolescents with ASD

BackgroundThe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has had a negative impact on the health and mental health of adolescents and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and their caregivers, have been disproportionally affected. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on Thai caregivers and adolescents with ASD.MethodsThis study used an online survey with closed and free text questions to investigate how the pandemic had impacted on social skills development and psychological variables, and perceived needs for support. The survey link was shared to parents via the Yuwaprasart Withayopathum Child and Adolescent Hospital and the social media platforms of known ASD stakeholder networks in Thailand. Binary logistic regression was used to investigate the relationships between sociodemographic characteristics, service use, and social skills problems experienced by adolescents during the pandemic. Content analysis was applied to analyse free-text data.ResultsA total of 376 caregivers of adolescents with ASD aged 10–19 years completed the survey, of which 364 were included in the analysis. In total, 38.7% of caregivers reported that during the pandemic the social skills of their adolescent family member had worsened. Most families reported that they were able to continue to access support from healthcare and educational services, albeit in different ways than pre-pandemic, during the acute stages of the pandemic which benefited the maintenance of ASD symptoms and social skills. Factors identified as reducing the odds of a worsening in social skills during the pandemic included; regular access to treatment for adolescents (odds ratio [OR] = 0.55, confidence interval 95% (CI) 0.32–0.98, p = 0.044), caregivers feeling that they had sufficient support from hospitals (OR = 0.46, 95% CI 0.26–0.81, p = 0.007) and older age of adolescents (OR = 0.53, CI 0.29–0.99, p = 0.047). The qualitative free text comments showed that the caregivers felt that greater information on managing adolescent behaviours, opportunities for adolescents to practice social skills, and the provision of greater emotional support and material assistance from healthcare professionals during the pandemic would have helped them to care for the adolescents with ASD.ConclusionRegular access to services, support from hospitals during the pandemic and older age in adolescence may have helped prevent the worsening of the social skills problems of adolescents with ASD.

Основные направления деятельности Уфимского местного отделения Российского общества Красного Креста в конце XIX — начале XX в.

The article considers the main activities of the Ufa local branch of the Russian Red Cross Society in the late XIX – early XX centuries. As a result of the research, the author came to the conclusion that through the efforts of the Ufa local department, measures were taken that contributed to a positive solution of social and economic problems in the region. The Ufa local department provided material assistance to the population in difficult lean years, during epidemics. Also, at the initiative of this organization, in addition to the existing ones, new medical centers were opened, qualified training of junior medical personnel in the person of nurses was conducted. These measures contributed to the timely provision of assistance not only to the sick, but also to soldiers injured on the battlefields. The initiative of the Ufa local branch organized a collection of donations, the funds of which were used to provide necessary material assistance not only to the population of the region, but also to the residents of other cities of the empire who needed it.Of particular importance were the activities of the Ufa local branch of the Russian Red Cross Society and the Alexandrinsky Community of Sisters of Mercy during the war years. Among the key events was the collection of donations for the creation of infirmaries and material assistance in the form of one-time allowances for wounded and maimed soldiers. Special attention should also be paid to the fact that, on the initiative of the Ufa local branch, staging hospitals were organized and sent to the active army, where a number of nurses who worked selflessly were presented with awards. The author also came to the conclusion that at the initial stage of the First World War, in the conditions of a powerful patriotic upsurge, there was an intensification of the work of the Russian Red Cross Society both nationwide and on the territory of the Ufa province. This trend is marked by an increase in the number of members of the society and a significant increase in monetary allocations to its fund. However, due to the protracted nature of the war and the growing crisis phenomena within the country, by 1917 the amount of donations had significantly decreased, which significantly complicated the further activities of the Society, both nationwide and at the regional level.

PUBLISHED EYEWITNESS MEMORIES AS A SOURCE FOR STUDYING THE LABOUR MOBILIZATION OF THE GALICIAN POPULATION TO GERMANY IN 1941-1944

The purpose of the article is to analyze information about the policy of the Nazi occupation authorities in the territory of the Halychyna district, aimed at recruiting and transporting the able-bodied local population to work in Germany during the Soviet-German war, based on the published memories of eyewitnesses. The article highlights information about the peculiarities of the propaganda policy of the German occupation authorities, the purpose of which was to attract as many workers as possible to meet the economic needs of the Third Reich. Information about the activities of individual organizations (Ukrainian Central Committee, Ukrainian National Association, German Labor Front, etc.) was highlighted. One of the activities of these organizations was to provide comprehensive assistance to Galician workers at factories and in agriculture in Germany. A significant role in the work was assigned to the Ukrainian Central Committee, as it directly dealt with the affairs of Galician workers (certificates of Ukrainian nationality, cultural and material assistance, etc.) and assistance to their families. Information is provided on the methods of recruitment, transportation, and living conditions of Galician workers in Germany. The author also presents information about mass roundups of the local population for the purpose of transporting them to Germany and using them in the industrial and agricultural sectors of the Reich. Data on the participation in sabotage actions of members of the OUN-UPA with the aim of preventing the forced deportation of the Galician population to Germany are provided. In addition, information is provided on ways to avoid deportation to Germany and the consequences that awaited fellow villagers and families of the fugitives. The article draws attention to the data on the number of Galician people deported to Germany and the approximate share of workers in various fields of labor (factories, plants, agriculture, etc.). To summarize, we note that on the basis of published eyewitness accounts, the author analyzes the problem under study, namely the labor mobilization of the Galician population to Germany for the purpose of using it for the economic needs of the Third Reich.

Penguatan Solidaritas dan Ketahanan Pangan: Bakti Sosial untuk Masyarakat Desa Tlogosari, Kecamatan Donomulyo Kabupaten Malang

The social service activity held in Tlogosari Village, Donomulyo District, Malang Regency, on September 17, 2024, aims to strengthen social solidarity and food security among the local community. The program was organized by lecturers of the Institute of Science and Health Technology dr. Soepraoen Hospital Malang in collaboration with the Kartika Husada Clinic Donomulyo. The focus of the activity was to provide basic food assistance to underprivileged communities and orphans at the “Nasional Ayu” Orphanage, as well as moral support to them. In addition to providing material assistance, the lecturers also interacted directly with the community, providing motivation and support to the orphans to continue pursuing their education. This activity not only aims to ease the economic burden of the community, but also strengthens the relationship between educational institutions, healthcare facilities, and local communities. Good collaboration between academics, health workers, and the community shows a positive impact on the community's welfare through increased awareness of the importance of mutual cooperation and social care.

Соціальний захист: термінологічне визначення, основи та засоби управління

Changes in social and economic relations that are rapidly occurring under the influence of various types of risks are causing the emergence of new challenges in the relations of the population with state and public entities. The importance of social institutions that are designed to provide material and psychological assistance to segments of the population different in age, gender and professional level is increasing. In the conditions of partial or sometimes complete loss of income by the citizens of the country, narrowing of the sphere of employment and consumption of socially important services, considerable attention is paid to the social protection of the population. The main purpose of this institution is to promote the maximum possible support of the quality of life, especially for the least protected sections of the population. At the same time, from an economic point of view, the importance of social protection is inseparable from its role in achieving an effective balance between the social and economic components of society, which imposes a certain responsibility on its social obligations and, therefore, an adequate understanding of functional boundaries. However, in the economic literature and in practice, social protection appears to be very simplified and, as a rule, is characterized by parametric indicators of assistance to the population. At the same time, the functional content of social protection as a systemic category, its connection with other social categories, in particular with social security, as well as with the budgetary, financial and economic instruments of society, escape the attention of researchers. In this regard, it should be considered relevant to specify the system of functions of the modern multi-subject management model and its inherent implementation mechanisms. The purpose of the paper is to determine the categorical essence of social protection of the population, its functional features among other segments of state social policy; substantiating the feasibility of using a multi-subject form of managing social processes that are important for the life of citizens. Novelty of the article lies in the classical understanding of the concept of social protection of the population. Its connection with the category of social security and the general process of social development of the population is revealed. The concept of multisubject management is structured as a system of interrelated measures to determine “centers of influence” on priorities, goals and fulfillment of tasks of social development of the population in the face of the onset of corresponding risks.

Od tuláků k nezaměstnaným

This article focuses on the genesis of the concept of "unemployment". The concept as we understand it today took root at the close of the 19th century, at a time when the first – very tentative – forms of unemployment insurance began to appear. here, I am trying to capture the language used in the past to describe people who did not work, which of course was to influence the way society was to deal with such non-working people. Liberalism in the 19th century and the ideas on the nature and tasks of man in the world that were associated with it created an anthropological description in which the importance of material assistance was supplanted by the disciplining and moral edification of fallen individuals which may be found in pre-liberal practice in the age of European mercantilism. Classical political economics also had difficulties explaining unemployment scientifically. Under its influence particularly in the first half of the 19th century, attention was shifted to an individualising explanation of the origins of unemployment, situating it to a large extent within the sphere of individual responsibility. I stress here the discursive "invention" of unemployment as opposed to what is perhaps a more ingrained idea today: that unemployment simply derives from the objective economic conditions that hold under capitalism.

The Reaction of the Central European Initiative and the Bulgarian Government on the Russian Aggression Against Ukraine During the Bulgarian Presidency Held in the CEI in 2022

The Initiative’s reaction on the war in Ukraine is decisive. The initiative issued a number of statements condemning Russia’s military actions. It also decided to suspend Belarus from CEI membership rights due to the country’s involvement in the war. Moreover, CEI provided material and financial assistance to Ukraine. The activities of the Initiative prove that the Initiative performs many important tasks for the security and stability of Central and Eastern Europe and effectively responds to the challenges that Europe is currently facing. However, Bulgaria’s position on this issue has been divided since the beginning of the Russian aggression. The lack of consensus among political parties at the level of declarations causes some problems with direct aid to this country.

Experiences of autistic people in supported employment in France: a participatory research project

Purpose The employment rate of autistic people is low, and they are often employed in low-paying jobs or in jobs involving tasks that fall short of their skills and competence. To address this situation, the individual placement and support method (IPS) offers promising perspectives for personalized and long-term support measures. This evidence-based method has produced positive results in several countries. IPS has been used in France only since 2016. This paper aims to examine the experience of autistic people in France who have benefitted from supported employment measures. Design/methodology/approach Nineteen autistic adults in France took part in semistructured interviews. Interview questions focused on work and measures to support employment. The authors analysed the interviews using reflexive thematic analysis, within the paradigm of critical realism. The authors adopted a participatory approach; the project was led by an autistic researcher and autistic individuals were included at all stages. Findings This study identified six primary themes and three subthemes across the data: (1) The uphill battle to obtain adjustments in the workplace; (2) insufficient knowledge of autism; (2.1) explaining again and again: the educative burden; (3) the challenge of making oneself heard; (3.1) when the entourage steps in; (4) support measures as material assistance and reassurance; (4.1) between benevolence and condescension; (5) organizational factors that affect the quality of support; and (6) personal and professional life are closely intertwined. Originality/value This research provides a better understanding of how autistic people experience supported employment in France and highlights ways to improve it. Job coaches play a crucial role in offering practical help and reassurance, and their efforts to nurture an active personal life are perceived positively. However, supported employment also carries the risk of limiting autistic individuals' capacity for action and causing several difficulties if job coaches are not well-informed about autism, do not reflect on their own attitudes, do not assist in obtaining necessary accommodations and if there are organizational problems leading to a lack of resources.

What Are the Factors Associated With Revision Surgery on the Residual Limb and Functional Results in Patients With Posttraumatic Lower Limb Amputations?

Lower limb amputations performed after trauma are associated with a high risk of revision surgery. While the factors influencing revision surgery in the upper limbs have been studied, no studies have analyzed these factors in the lower limbs. Existing explanations for these revision surgeries are unclear, often leaving patients uninformed. Surgeons also lack the tools to explain the factors that influence repeat operations to patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to provide surgeons with some answers so they can inform their patients undergoing posttraumatic lower limb amputation, whether military or civilian. (1) What was the survivorship of the initial amputation free from any revision surgery? (2) What patient- and injury-related factors were associated with revision amputation? (3) Do these factors influence functional outcomes in these patients? A single-center, retrospective study was conducted between January 2010 and February 2020 on patients who had undergone traumatic lower limb amputation. Between January 2010 and February 2020, 322 patients underwent amputation or were followed up at Percy Military University Hospital. Thirty-one patients had undergone amputation at another center, 178 had undergone amputation for nontraumatic reasons, and 27 patients had only upper limb amputations. Of those remaining, 1 died before 6 months, and 6% (5 of 86) were not fitted with a prosthesis, leaving 99% (85 of 86) for survivorship free from revision analysis and 93% (80 of 86) for functional endpoints analysis in this retrospective study at a median of 6.5 years (IQR 5 to 9) following the index amputation. The median age at the time of amputation was 31 years (IQR 26 to 52), 85% (72 of 85) of patients were men, and 31% (26 of 85) were military personnel. Revision surgery was defined as surgery performed at or after 6 months to ensure that the residual limb was healed and fitted with a prosthesis. Revision procedures performed before 6 months (median 2 [IQR 0 to 7]) were considered as part of the initial residual limb formation surgery. We performed Kaplan-Meier survivorship analysis for the time free from revision amputation from 6 months after amputation. We considered the competitive risk of death using a Fine-Gray model by an ascending stepwise procedure. To answer our third research question, we performed a chart review and assessed patients' use of prostheses and assistive devices and the percentage of patients who returned to work. An ordinal logistic regression was used to analyze the factors influencing functional outcome using an ascending stepwise procedure. A total of 85 patients (94 limbs) were included, of whom 25 (27 limbs) underwent a revision surgery on the residual limb > 6 months after amputation. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates indicated that 5 years after the initial amputation 64% (95% confidence interval 53% to 77%) of the patients remained free from revision surgery on their residual limb. Factors associated with increased odds of revision amputation were smoking (subdistribution HR 2.6 [95% CI 1.2 to 5.8]; p = 0.02) and an age of > 50 years (subdistribution HR 0.3 [95% CI 0.1 to 0.8]; p = 0.01). Ninety-four percent (80 of 85) of patients were fitted with prostheses, and 40% (32 of 80) of patients used material or human assistance for simple activities of daily living. Seventy-one percent of patients (57 of 80) had returned to work. Ordinal logistic regression revealed an association between preinjury sports activity and the absence of need for assistance in daily activities (OR 9 [95% CI 2.9 to 31.8]; p < 0.001). Smoking appeared to be an associated risk factor for residual limb revision surgery in posttraumatic lower limb amputations and is potentially modifiable. Being at least 50 years of age seemed to be associated with a lower incidence of revision surgery, which is probably linked to lower functional demands made on limbs beyond this age. Our study showed a remarkable rate of fitting with a prosthetic device, with an improved functional result if the patient was athletic before the trauma. These results provide more precise information on the care pathway to be considered for each patient. A study with a much larger sample would make it possible to assess the risk factors for the occurrence of each complication involving revision surgery. Level III, therapeutic study.

The Current Role of Western Development Actors as Knowledge and Policy Providers: The Making of Good Governance of Natural Gas Resources in Tanzania

The creation, dissemination, and application of knowledge are crucial for achieving sustainable development and have been at the heart of international development efforts since World War II. In conventional international development cooperation, the Global North is portrayed as the provider of knowledge and material assistance, with the South often perceived as a more passive receiver. This approach perpetuates hierarchical knowledge-power relations, as what is considered the ‘best practices’ are usually based on experiences, ideologies, and ideals from the North. This paper critically examines the current role of Western development actors as providers of knowledge and policy, specifically in the formulation of good governance for natural gas resources in Tanzania. Following significant offshore natural gas discoveries between 2010–2015, Tanzania has garnered the attention of international energy companies, foreign donors, technical advisors, and consultants, all offering guidance and capacity-building expertise to ready the country for production. Drawing on interviews with key actors supported by secondary sources, this analysis depicts how hierarchical knowledge relations persist, but also highlights the contested and evolving nature of what constitutes good governance of natural gas resources. The paper underscores how context matters in petroleum resource governance and, more broadly, the necessity for contextualising knowledge in international development cooperation.

Manifestasi Ta’awun NGO Islam Dalam Menyantuni Golongan B40 di Sabah Semasa Pandemik Covid-19

The expression of ta’awun is actualized through engaging in volunteer work to fulfil the societal duty of taking care of the impoverished or B40 group. This volunteering initiative is conducted by an Islamic-oriented Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO) with the aim of assisting the B40 in Sabah during the COVID-19 pandemic. This article explores the allocation of COVID-19 donations facilitated by Islamic NGOs and the motivating elements behind these efforts to organise volunteer initiative for the B40 group in Sabah, encompassing both urban and rural areas. Data gathering employs qualitative methods by conducting in-depth interviews with representatives of Islamic NGO leaders, notably Sabah An-Najiyah Charity Organisation (PKAN) and Aman Palestin Sabah (APS). The study’s findings indicate that the expression of ta’awun, demonstrated through NGO Islamic charity, extends beyond irregular or occasional material assistance. It also encompasses aid that has the potential to transform the mindset and lifestyle of the B40 group towards an Islamic way of life. The motivation to persist in serving others is fueled by the inherent resilience cultivated through adherence to Islamic principles, which emphasise the perpetual concern for the ummah, the pursuit of virtuous deeds, and the pursuit of rewards in the hereafter. The type of work being referred to is what sets Islamic NGOs apart from other NGOs that also carry out social programmes focused on well-being. This study will give impact on how the activities of Islamic-oriented NGOs contribute to broader community development in Sabah, particularly on the empowerment of marginalized groups.

Family Influence on Student Mental Health and Academic Achievement in University Transition

This study explores the crucial role of social support in facilitating the transition of adolescents from high school to university, focusing on two respondents, BM and MM. BM, in his second semester at a state university, struggles with the challenges of living independently in a boarding house, feeling significant emotional strain due to limited parental communication. MM, a student at a private university, maintains a close and supportive relationship with his father, despite the absence of his mother since he was two years old. The research highlights the importance of different types of social support—appraisal, belonging, and tangible—in aiding students' adaptation to university life. Appraisal support involves the availability of someone to discuss problems, while belonging support encompasses emotional and task-related assistance from family members. Tangible support refers to material assistance provided by parents. The findings indicate that effective social support, particularly from family, is essential for promoting mental health, academic success, and overall well-being during this critical transition period. The study underscores the need for future research to explore these dynamics further, considering broader cultural and socio-economic contexts that influence the availability and effectiveness of social support.

Peran United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) dalam Menangani Pemenuhan Hak Anak-Anak Pengungsi Rohingya di Bangladesh Tahun 2017-2023

The refugee crisis experienced by Bangladesh due to the mass exodus of Rohingya refugees fleeing ethnic conflict in Myanmar is one of the largest refugee issues in the world. This crisis needs to be addressed immediately as it can threaten the lives of both the local population and the refugees themselves. Overcrowded shelters, housing nearly 1 million refugees with half of the population being children, increase the risk of disease transmission and violence, which can be a deadly combination for children. Therefore, to tackle the refugee problem, especially in fulfilling the rights of Rohingya children in Bangladesh, international actors' assistance is urgently needed. One of the organizations involved is UNICEF. UNICEF strives to provide aid in line with its capabilities and functions as an international organization focused on children and women. The aid provided by UNICEF is in the form of foreign aid or humanitarian assistance, divided into two types: material assistance and technical assistance. Material assistance includes the provision of clean water, food, hygiene supplies, education, and shelter. Technical assistance is provided through protection, training, and counseling. In its efforts to meet the needs of Rohingya refugee children, UNICEF has established the "UNICEF’s Humanitarian Action for Children in Bangladesh: Rohingya Influx" program, covering several sectors, including Child Protection, Health, Education, Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH), and Nutrition. The humanitarian assistance provided aligns with the stipulations of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) regarding the fulfillment of the rights of refugee children.

Virtual donation management during the pandemic by Font Creator Berbagi

This article explains the governance process of a virtual donation movement initiated by graphic designers in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic called Font Creator Berbagi. This article aims to provide a deeper understanding of the management arrangements for the virtual donation movement, which is developing rapidly in the digital era. The novelty offered by this article is that it emphasizes studying the governance aspects of a social movement, which is more about material assistance, not skills training, which many graphic designers have previously done to channel their concerns during the pandemic. The qualitative method used in this research is a case study approach and data collection techniques through in-depth interviews whose questionnaires are based on the theory of POAC organizational management stages, according to George R. Terry. The research findings analyzed using the Miles and Huberman Model show that the Font Creator Berbagi movement has been successful in raising donations thanks to the stages that have been implemented, such as planning that is entirely aimed at charity, close organization by the community, implementation that prioritizes transparency, and supervision which focuses on digital infrastructure. Recommendations for similar social movements are to pay more attention to technical aspects, including choosing a more stable and reliable website hosting service to anticipate visits that exceed expectations. Apart from that, the potential for similar virtual donation movements will be increasingly being explored so further research opportunities can be opened.

Electoral Rewards and Punishments for Trade Compensation

abstract: When globalization harms a community, voters are expected to demand compensation programs. Why, then, would incumbents fail to provide additional compensation following an economic shock? The authors argue that in addition to offering material assistance, government compensation also informs voters about the costs of globalization, generating consternation in the electorate. As a result, providing compensation can hurt incumbents' electoral prospects. This article studies this consternation effect in the United States during the China shock period (1990–2007). The authors use an administrative instrument for access to the US Trade Adjustment Assistance (taa) program, the longest-standing compensation system for workers displaced by international trade. The analysis shows that compensation electorally backfires when distributed to low-shocked regions in which the informational value of compensation is high. The consternation effect can explain why governments often underinvest in compensation programs.

Emigration from Ukraine to Germany in the Context of the Russian-Ukrainian War

A new topic is submitted in the article, namely the study of changes in the social structure of modern Ukrainian society, in particular, forced migration processes in Ukraine and abroad, caused by the active phase of the Russian-Ukrainian war started on February 24, 2022. The adaptation mechanisms in Germany, where the second in number largest group of the forced migrants stay are considered in the work. The main issues include granting a residence permit in Germany with refugee status, state support, housing, material and medical assistance, educational services, employment, etc. Also the activities of Ukrainian public organizations in FRG, in particular diplomatic, confessional, volunteer, scouting, etc. are described. The paper is aimed at the conducting an analytical ethnological study of socio-cultural aspects, systematization of the statistical data on the emigration of the population from Ukraine to Germany from various sources (scientific literature, Internet resources, mass media, own field notes and illustrative materials from the participants of these processes, etc.). The main researcher’s attention is paid to the adaptation period of the war refugees, their adjustment to the new realities of life in Germany and the negative consequences of migration processes for Ukraine, both demographic, economic and ethnopolitical, ethnocultural. The emigration problem is extremely important and sensitive for modern society, requiring constant statistical updates, analysis and generalisation, therefore its relevance is obvious and timely. The general scientific methods and special ethnological ones are used in the study: system analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, classification (to reveal the subject of the article, structure it and summarise information in a single semantic wholeness). Interviews and audio recording of field material are used among the special methods (to replenish the factual base and clarify the current state of the problem). The method of critical discourse analysis has been used to analyse the interview texts. It provides the most complete picture of the migrant’s condition and adaptation in foreign and unusual surroundings. The scientific novelty of the submitted topic lies in the generalised analysis of statistical and demographic data on the scale of forced emigration of Ukrainians, which has and will continue to have a negative impact on the gene pool of our country.

The Union of Russian Emigrants in Paris: Adaptation and Pro-Russian Activities (with Reference to the Sûreté Générale)

This article presents the results of the examination of the activities of the Union of Russian Workers of France / Union of Soviet Citizens in France in Paris which existed from 1925 to 1929 and acted as one of the most numerous unions of Russian emigrants. Drawing on materials from the archive of the Historical Service of the French Ministry of Defence, prepared by Sûreté Générale in the name of the Minister of Foreign Affairs of France, the author of the article identifies the purpose of creation and the tasks that the participants of the associations set themselves. The microhistorical approach and the study of the everyday life of Russian emigrants demonstrates that the primary goal was to help compatriots in adapting their life in exile. An analysis of the activities of the members of the union to improve the lives of compatriots made it possible to identify a number of successful examples of the help of the members of the union in solving urgent problems of emigrants. Additionally, the article demonstrates various ways of providing material assistance to those in need, as well as attempts to develop the intellectual culture of Russian emigrants and increase their competitiveness for employment in France. The measures taken by the members of the unions were aimed, among other things, at encouraging Russian emigrants to return to Russia. According to the author, such actions were soft cultural propaganda in favour of the Soviet Union, and these attempts to return emigrants to their homeland yielded results. The article also presents examples of the activities of the members of the union that did not contribute to the successful stay of Russian emigrants in France. The paper presents an example of the activity of the members of the union in appropriating the property of St. Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, inciting emigrants to rebellion and organising demonstrations demanding the transfer of the church to the USSR Embassy. The result of this activity was a more thorough supervision of the activities of the organisation by the employees of the Sûreté Générale and the repatriation of a few active members of the union. It is concluded that this activity hindered the life of the Russian colony in Paris and did not contribute to its security in France.

Navigating campus life in a pandemic: the social and academic realities of students in Ghana’s public universities during covid-19

The covid-19 pandemic affected the lives of millions of people worldwide including tertiary education students. The study explored the impact of covid-19 on social and academic lives of tertiary education students in Ghana. The research was positioned within the exploratory design in ascertaining in-depth data from purposively selected students. The study used the interview guide as an instrument in gathering data and showed that most students obtained their knowledge on covid-19 from families, friends, media and Ghana Health Service. However, information received about the disease from social media was mostly accompanied with myths which impaired the thoughts of students. Psychologically, students’ preparedness for academic activities were affected especially for those who did not have funds to buy laptops and/or data bundles. Although covid-19 was an opportunity for family members to reunite, it limited religious activities, social events and family gatherings. It was recommended that the university management and Ministry of Education should provide financial and material assistance via the supply of laptops and the make provision for reliable internet connectivity to students. Ghana’s education sector should effectively embrace e-learning as a pro-active measure so as to help cushion the effects of such an event on learning in case of reoccurrence.