Matched Comparison Study Research Articles

Increased school absence among children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis - a national matched comparison study.

This study compares rates of school absence (SA) of all children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) attending public Danish schools to peers both before and after JIA diagnosis. Further, we aimed to investigate the role of socioeconomic status (SES) on the possible association. We performed a register-based matched cohort study. We included all children attending public Danish schools between 2010 and 2019 diagnosed with JIA and compared them to school mates. Rates of differentiated and total SA both before and after JIA diagnosis were compared. In the primary study we included children diagnosed with JIA after starting school, whereas the secondary study only included children diagnosed before starting school. We included 716 children with JIA and 3632 matched controls in the primary study and 382 children with JIA and 1910 matched controls in the secondary. Our primary study showed higher rates of sickness SA and total SA from three years before diagnosis and the following five years among children with JIA. After diagnosis, JIA children also had significantly more legal (planned) SA. Children diagnosed with JIA before starting school (secondary study) had significantly more SA (both sickness SA and legal school SA) up to 8th grade. In both studies children of low SES both with and without JIA had highest rates of SA, although no difference in the association between JIA and SA across SES groups were found. Children with JIA had more sickness and legal absence from school.

Long-Term Evaluation of Ocular Surface and Meibomian Gland Function after Laser-Assisted in situ Keratomileusis Surgery

Introduction: Laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) is a common refractive surgery. But it may lead to temporary dry eye due to reversible damage to the corneal subbasal nerve plexus. However, evidence on chronic ocular surface changes are unclear. This study reports the ocular surface changes, partial blinking rates, and meibomian gland statuses in eyes that underwent LASIK for at least 48 months. Methods: Cross-sectional, matched case-control comparison study, including 48 post-LASIK patients and 48 sex-, age-, smoking-, and axial length-matched healthy controls, recruited from a community eye screening program. Outcome measures include anterior segment clinical findings, keratographic and meibographic imaging. Results: Totally, 48 right eyes of 48 post-LASIK Chinese patients (39 females, 2 smokers) were analyzed with 48 right eyes of 48 matched healthy controls. The mean age at the time of ocular surface examination was 50 ± 11 years, and the axial length 26±1 mm. Post-LASIK eyes had a lower quality of meibum (p = 0.008) compared to healthy controls. Post-LASIK eyes were associated with a shorter Schirmer's test (p = 0.03). The ocular surface disease index (OSDI) score was higher in post-LASIK patients (p = 0.00001). Other anterior segment examination parameters, partial blinking rate, meibomian gland dropout, lipid layer thickness, noninvasive tear break-up time, and tear meniscus height were comparable between the 2 groups. Conclusions: Up to 75% of post-LASIK patients complained of on-going, chronic dry eye symptoms. Post-LASIK eyes were associated with a reduced aqueous tear production. Post-LASIK patients with chronic dry eye symptoms are advised to have periodic ocular surface evaluation. Treatments might be considered in patients with poor tear film stability.

Clinical outcomes of percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic decompression for the treatment of degenerative lumbar scoliosis associated with spinal stenosis in elderly individuals: a matched comparison study.

This retrospective cohort study evaluated the efficacy and safety of percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic decompression (PTED) in elderly patients with degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS) associated with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). A matched comparison study. In total, 97 patients with DLS associated with LSS who underwent PTED under local anesthesia between 2016 and 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Using the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 24 patients aged ≥ 80 years were screened and included in the study group. Then, 24 patients aged 50-80 years were matched according to gender, date of surgery, and surgical levels were included in the control group. Clinical outcomes such as the visual analog scale (VAS) score, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score, modified MacNab criteria, radiological parameters, and complications were assessed. The independent sample t-test, Pearson's chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used to compare the parameters between the study and control groups. The study group had significantly higher mean American Society of Anesthesiologists classification and age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index scores than the control group (2.42 ± 0.72) vs. 5.25 ± 1.03 and 1.67 ± 0.76 vs. 3.17 ± 2.10, respectively). The VAS scores for pain in two legs and back and ODI scores significantly improved at two weeks after surgery and at the final followup (p < 0.05). The study group had higher back pain VAS and ODI scores than the control group at the final followup (p < 0.05). In addition, the complication and patient satisfaction rates were similar between the two groups (p > 0.05). The overall radiological parameters were comparable between the two groups, and there was no significant deterioration in coronal imbalance or loss of disc height between the two groups. Elderly patients (aged ≥ 80 years) with DLS associated with LSS are less fit and have a greater number of comorbidities. However, they can achieve satisfactory outcomes with PTED, which are comparable to those of patients < 80 years. PTED under local anesthesia can also be an efficient alternative to conventional open lumbar decompression surgery for treating elderly patients with comorbidities.

Investigating the academic attainment and progress of children in receipt of individual counselling: A matched comparison study of primary school age children in England

AbstractIntroductionIn 2016, the UK government identified the need for counselling services in schools to be evidence‐based (Department for Education, 2016). While there is more empirical evidence on counselling and improvement in mental health (Daniunaite et al., Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 2015, 15, 251; Finning et al., European Child &amp; Adolescent Psychiatry, 2022, 31, 1591), less is known about the associations of counselling with children's academic attainment and progress.MethodThe aim of the paper was to provide more pieces of evidence on the possible associations between school‐based individual counselling and the academic attainment and progress of primary school–aged children. The academic outcomes of children receiving one‐to‐one counselling were compared with those of children who did not receive counselling, but who had similar background characteristics. Coarsened exact matching method was used to match similar children for these comparisons based on national data sets available in England. Data were analysed with inferential statistics and multilinear regression.FindingsBefore matching the samples, analyses revealed children attending Place2Be's counselling services were significantly more likely to be boys (56.6% vs. 51.1%), of ethnic minority origin (46.4% vs. 21.5%), eligible for free school meals (FSM; 52.7% vs. 16.9%) and have special educational needs and disabilities (SEND) status (43.1% vs. 21.1%) than the comparison group. They also had lower academic attainment than children who were not in counselling. However, after a coarsened exact matching on relevant background characteristics, the Place2Be sample was found to have similar levels of academic progress to the matched national sample, suggesting they did not fall behind similar children.ConclusionsFindings indicate that individual school‐based counselling may be helpful as a potential intervention for supporting vulnerable children's (defined as those identified by schools or parents as in need of individual counselling) academic progress in primary schools, as well as socio‐emotional outcomes; however, further research is needed.

Exploring the Impact of New York City’s Gifted and Talented Program: A Matched Comparison Study

The Gifted and Talented program in New York City is one of the largest and longest running programs for gifted students in the nation. Yet little is known about its effects on student outcomes. Using student-level administrative data of New York City public school students between the 2010–2011 and 2018–2019 academic years, we studied the effects of the Gifted and Talented program on students’ test score performance. Estimates from a matched comparison study show significant gains in middle school English language arts and math proficiency, after controlling for cohort, ethnicity, and district. Our balanced treatment and control groups provided sufficient sample sizes with which to analyze the performance of underrepresented minoritized groups, and we found significant treatment heterogeneity, where Black and Hispanic students showed the largest increase in academic proficiency scores after participating in the Gifted and Talented program. Implications of these findings for education policy—particularly related to new developments in selective school admissions—are discussed.

Gender- and age-related differences in foveal pit morphology.

To measure the foveal pit morphology parameters and evaluate their correlations with age and sex. A retrospective cross-sectional matched comparison study in a tertiary center. Forty men and 40 age-matched women who had normal macular structures and foveal contours were enrolled. Foveal pit parameters including top width, base width, nasal width, temporal width, minimal thickness, nasal thickness, temporal thickness, nasal height, temporal height, nasal slope, and temporal slope were measured on horizontal B-scan macular optical coherence tomography and compared between men and women. Paired t-tests and Pearson's correlation analysis. The average patient age was 51.4 ± 17.5 (21-84) years. Women had a wider base width (313.1 ± 68.0 μm vs 266.8 ± 70.9 μm, P = 0.006), wider temporal width (1043.1 ± 245.6 μm vs 968.9 ± 261.0 μm, P = 0.006), thinner nasal thickness (345.6 ± 36.2 μm vs 359.7 ± 35.8 μm, P = 0.048), and flatter temporal slope (11.60 ± 2.52° vs 12.98 ± 2.68°, P = 0.016) than men. With age, the base width (r = 0.35, P = 0.025) and temporal width (r = 0.54, P = 0.0003) tended to be wider and the temporal slope was flatter (r = -0.45, P = 0.003) in women but not men. The minimal thickness tended to be thinner in the elderly group (r = 0.038, P = 0.015). Women had a significantly wider base width, wider temporal width, thinner nasal thickness, and flatter temporal slope of the foveal pit than age-matched men. The base width and temporal width were wider and the temporal slope was flatter with age in women but not men.

A Modified Technique for Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Implantation of SAPIEN 3 Valves in Large Right Ventricular Outflow Tract: A Matched Comparison Study.

Percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation (PPVI) with a SAPIEN 3 valve is effective for treating treat right ventricle outflow (RVOT) dysfunction. A modified technique was developed without prestenting using a protective valve delivery method. We aimed to compare the procedural results of the modified technique group (MTG) to those of patients in a conventional technique group (CTG). We designed a matched before-after study. All consecutive PPVI with SAPIEN 3 performed in the MTG over 9 months were matched, based on the RVOT type and size, to consecutive procedures performed previously with SAPIEN 3. A total of 54 patients were included, equally distributed in the two groups. The sizes of the SAPIEN 3 valves were 23 mm (n = 9), 26 mm (n = 9), 29 mm (n = 36). The two groups were similar regarding demographic data, RVOT type, and pre-procedure hemodynamics. PPVI was performed in a single procedure in all patients of the MTG, whereas six (22.2%) patients of the CTG group underwent prestenting as a first step and valve implantation later (p = 0.02). The procedures were successful in all cases. Stent embolization was reported in two patients (7.4%) in the CTG, which were impacted in pulmonary arteries. In one case (3.7%), in the MTG, an unstable 29 mm SAPIEN 3 valve was stabilized with two stents and additional valve-in-valve implantation. The hemodynamics results were good in all cases, without significant differences between the two groups. The procedures' durations and fluoroscopy times were significantly reduced in the MTG (48.1 versus 82.6 min, p < 0.0001; 15.2 versus 29.8 min, p = 0.0002). During follow-up, neither stent fracture nor valve dysfunction was noticed in either group. PPVI without prestenting and with a protective delivery method of the SAPIEN 3 valve significantly reduces the procedure's complexity, the duration, and the irradiation while maintaining excellent hemodynamics results in selected cases.

Long and Short-Term Effects of Hypothermic Machine Perfusion vs. Cold Storage on Transplanted Kidneys from Expanded Criteria Donors-A Matched Comparison Study.

Hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) has been shown to reduce delayed graft function (DGF)-rates in kidneys from expanded criteria donors (ECD) and may increase graft survival compared with static cold storage (SCS). This single-center, retrospective observational study aimed to evaluate this effect. The primary endpoint was the DGF-rate, defined as the use of dialysis in the first postoperative week, excluding the first 24 h. The main secondary endpoint was graft survival at 5 years. Recipients of ECD-kidneys between 2013 and 2021 with ≤2 grafts were included (n = 438). The SCS-kidneys were marginal-matched by propensity score to the HMP-group for donor age, cold ischemia time, and graft number. Multivariable adjusted analysis for confounders in the unmatched cohort and caliper-based ID-matching constituted sensitivity analyses. HMP showed a trend to lower DGF-rate in the marginal-matched comparison (9.2% vs. 16.1%, p = 0.063). This was strengthened by a significant benefit observed for HMP in both the sensitivity analyses: an adjusted OR of 0.45 (95% CI: 0.24; 0.84; p = 0.012) in the multivariable analysis and DGF-rate of 8.7% vs. 17.4% (p = 0.024) after ID-matching. The 5-year graft survival rate was >90% in both groups, with no benefit using HMP (HR = 0.79; 95% CI:0.39-1.16; p = 0.52). Our results suggest that HMP may be effective in decreasing DGF-rates, however, without any significant benefit in graft survival.

Ocular Surface Evaluation in Immunoglobulin G4–Related Ophthalmic Disease

Ocular Surface Evaluation in Immunoglobulin G4–Related Ophthalmic Disease

A Retrospective Matched Comparison Study of Prolonged Seizures in ECT.

This study assessed the incidence of and risk factors for prolonged seizures (>180 sec) in electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). In 611 adult patients undergoing 6697 ECT treatments administered over a 2.5-year study period, 29 individuals experienced 42 prolonged seizures. A comparison sample (n = 29) was matched on sex, age, and treatment, and compared on psychiatric and medical diagnoses, as well as current medications. To examine the association between the characteristics and prolonged seizure, conditional logistic regression models or exact McNemar tests were conducted. Prolonged seizures occurred on average in 1 of every 167 treatments. No specific psychiatric disorders or medical conditions were associated with the prolonged seizure group. Antipsychotic drugs were used in a higher proportion of the comparison group than in the prolonged seizure group, suggesting a protective effect. Atropine was used in a lower proportion of the long seizure group than in the comparison group. No untoward sequelae occurred, and no progression to status epilepticus was observed. Prolonged seizures appear to be an uncommon complication of ECT in adults. The characteristics examined in this study suggest limited association of psychotropic medications with prolonged seizures. Treatment of prolonged seizures was straightforward. Prolonged seizures had no impact on the course of treatment. Further exploration of prolonged seizures would enhance the generalizability of the findings from this single site study.

Poster 305: Hybrid Transtibial Technique for Femoral Tunnel Drilling in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Retrospective, Matched Comparison Study to Anteromedial Portal and Transtibial Approaches

Objectives: Improved biomechanical and clinical outcomes have been reported when femoral anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tunnels are centered on the native footprint. The anteromedial portal (AMP) technique achieves improved aperture position when compared to a transtibial (TT) approach but sacrifices technical ease and creates a shorter more angulated tunnel. A hybrid transtibial technique (HTT) using medial portal guidance of a flexible transtibial guide wire may combine the strengths of both the AM and TT approaches while mitigating the technical challenges of both techniques. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of ACLR using a HTT technique for femoral tunnel drilling in comparison to matched cohorts of AMP and TT drilling approaches in terms of failure/revision requirements and patient-reported outcomes. Methods: A database consisting of all patients with isolated ACL tear and primary reconstruction at a single center between 2005 and 2020 was retrospectively reviewed. Inclusion criteria were patients age ³ 13 years at the time of index ACL reconstruction (ACLR), isolated ACL tear with/without concomitant meniscal/chondral pathology and had minimum 2 year ³ postoperative follow-up. Patients with open physes, prior surgical intervention on the ipsilateral knee, chondral pathology treated with high tibial osteotomy/distal femoral osteotomy, treated for other concurrent ligamentous pathology were excluded. Patients treated with the AMP, TT, and HTT approach meeting inclusion criteria were matched based on age ± 3 years, same sex, and body mass index (BMI) ± 3 Kg/m2. Demographical data (Table 1), surgical data, plain radiographic femoral tunnel angle measurements on anteroposterior and lateral films, postoperative complications and reoperation/revision rates, and patient reported outcome (PRO) scores were collected and reported for each of the three cohorts. Results: A total of 495 patients were included; 170 patients underwent ACLR using the HTT approach, 162 using AMP approach, and 163 using the TT approach. The most common graft of choice for HTT technique was bone patellar tendon bone (BPTB) (162/170 [95.3%]) and for AMP (131/162 [80.9%] and TT (158/163 [96.9%]) technique was hamstring (Table 2). The median (IQR) femoral tunnel angle on sagittal plane showed significant differences between HTT 40° (34°, 46°) and TT 32° (27°, 38°) cohorts ( P- value &lt; 0.0001) (Table 3). On coronal plane the median (IQR) femoral tunnel angles showed significant differences between HTT 47° (42°, 52°) and for both AMP 44° (33°, 54°) and TT 55° (47°, 60°) cohorts ( P- value: 0.001 and &lt;0.001 respectively. Recurrent ACL injury in the ipsilateral knee was experienced in 3/170 (1.8%) HTT patients, 6/162 (3.7%) AMP patients, and 6/163 (3.7%) TT patients at minimum 2-year clinical follow-up (Table 4). When patients were surveyed via phone or email questionnaires, 6/170 (7.4%) HTT, 11/163 AMP (20%), and 18/162 (24.3%) TT patients responded to having further ACLR procedures. The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) pain score and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) function and total scores were found to be statistically significant between HTT and TT technique patients. All other PRO scores showed comparable scores between HTT patients when compared with AMP and TT patients. Conclusions: Patients that underwent ACLR with HTT approach had lower failure/revision rates and comparable or better PRO scores at medium-term follow-up when compared to AMP and TT approach. [Table: see text][Table: see text][Table: see text][Table: see text]

Effectiveness of tisagenlecleucel versus real-world standard of care in relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma.

Aim: To contextualize the effectiveness of tisagenlecleucel versus real-world standard of care (SoC) in relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma. Materials & methods: A retrospective indirect matched comparison study using data from the phase IIELARA trial and the US Flatiron Health Research Database. Results: Complete response rate was 69.1versus 17.7% and the overall response rate was 85.6versus 58.1% in tisagenlecleucel versus SoC, post weighting by odds. For overall survival, an estimated reduction in the risk of death was observed in favor of tisagenlecleucel over SoC. The hazard ratio for progression-free survival was 0.45 (95% CI: 0.26, 0.88), and for time-to-next treatment was 0.34 (95% CI: 0.15, 0.78) with tisagenlecleucel versus SoC. Conclusion: A consistent trend toward improved efficacy end points was observed in favor of tisagenlecleucel versus SoC.

A real-world comparison of tisagenlecleucel and axicabtagene ciloleucel CAR T cells in relapsed or refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma

Axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) and tisagenlecleucel (tisa-cel) have both demonstrated impressive clinical activity in relapsed/refractory (R/R) diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). In this study, we analyzed the outcome of 809 patients with R/R DLBCL after two or more previous lines of treatment who had a commercial chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells order for axi-cel or tisa-cel and were registered in the retrospective French DESCAR-T registry study (NCT04328298). After 1:1 propensity score matching (n = 418), the best overall response rate/complete response rate (ORR/CRR) was 80%/60% versus 66%/42% for patients treated with axi-cel compared to tisa-cel, respectively (P < 0.001 for both ORR and CRR comparisons). After a median follow-up of 11.7 months, the 1-year progression-free survival was 46.6% for axi-cel and 33.2% for tisa-cel (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.61; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.46–0.79; P = 0.0003). Overall survival (OS) was also significantly improved after axi-cel infusion compared to after tisa-cel infusion (1-year OS 63.5% versus 48.8%; HR = 0.63; 95% CI, 0.45–0.88; P = 0.0072). Similar findings were observed using the inverse probability of treatment weighting statistical approach. Grade 1–2 cytokine release syndrome was significantly more frequent with axi-cel than with tisa-cel, but no significant difference was observed for grade ≥3. Regarding immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), both grade 1–2 and grade ≥3 ICANS were significantly more frequent with axi-cel than with tisa-cel. In conclusion, our matched comparison study supports a higher efficacy and also a higher toxicity of axi-cel compared to tisa-cel in the third or more treatment line for R/R DLBCL.

Behavior Problems among Children of Mothers with Mild Intellectual Disability: The Role of Maternal Sensitivity, Trauma History, and Intelligence

Children of parents with intellectual disability (ID) are at risk of behavior problems, but few studies have systematically examined contributions from caregiving behavior and contextual factors. This cross-sectional matched comparison study examined whether the children display elevated behavior problems, and analyzed contributions from maternal sensitivity and maternal experiences of abuse, trauma and maltreatment (ATM). The roles of maternal and child intelligence were also examined. Participants were 26 mothers with mild ID and their children (mean age = 79 months; 58% boys), and 26 socioeconomically matched comparison dyads. Child behavior problems were assessed with maternal ratings, maternal sensitivity with structured observations, and maternal experiences of ATM with semi-structured interviews. Maternal intelligence was measured with a subtest from Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales (WAIS-III), and child intelligence with the IQ-screen in Leiter-R. Children of mothers with ID had higher ratings on psychosomatic, anger, hyperactivity, and total problems, but not on anxiety. Sensitivity was negatively associated with anger, hyperactivity, and total child behavior problems. Maternal ATM was positively linked to child anger problems. Maternal intelligence was unrelated to child behavior problems, but low child intelligence marginally predicted behavior problems. Inclusion and equity for parents with ID and their children require that clinical practice boost sensitivity, especially among parents who have experienced ATM.

Elementary science professional development to impact learning across the curriculum

Elementary science professional development to impact learning across the curriculum

Hemodynamic analysis for endovascular treatment in small unruptured intracranial aneurysms: a matched comparison study of flow diverter versus LVIS

BackgroundWe compared the treatment of small unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) with flow diverter and LVIS-assisted coiling to determine the effects of hemodynamic changes caused by different stent and coil packing in endovascular treatment.MethodsFifty-one UIAs in 51 patients treated with pipeline embolization device (PED) were included in this study and defined as the PED group. We matched controls 1:1 and enrolled 51 UIAs who were treated with LVIS stent, which were defined as the LVIS group. Computational fluid dynamics were performed to assess hemodynamic alterations between PED and LVIS. Clinical analysis was also performed between these two groups after the match.ResultsThere was no difference in procedural complications between the two groups (P = 0.558). At the first angiographic follow-up, the complete occlusion rate was significantly higher in the LVIS group compared with that in the PED group (98.0% vs. 82.4%, P = 0.027). However, during the further angiographic follow-up, the complete occlusion rate in the PED group achieved 100%, which was higher than that in the LVIS group (98.0%). Compared with the LVIS group after treatment, cases in the PED group showed a higher value of velocity in the aneurysm (0.03 ± 0.09 vs. 0.01 ± 0.01, P = 0.037) and WSS on the aneurysm (2.32 ± 5.40 vs. 0.33 ± 0.47, P = 0.011). Consequently, the reduction ratios of these two parameters also showed statistical differences. These parameters in the LVIS group showed much higher reduction ratios. However, the reduction ratio of the velocity on the neck plane was comparable between two groups.ConclusionsBoth LVIS and PED were safe and effective for the treatment of small UIAs. However, LVIS-assisted coiling produced greater hemodynamic alterations in the aneurysm sac compared with PED. The hemodynamics in the aneurysm neck may be a key factor for aneurysm outcome.

Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy in operable stage I NSCLC patients: Long-term results of the expanded STARS clinical trial.

8506 Background: We published a pooled analysis of 2 randomized trials (STARS/ROSEL) that compared lobectomy with mediastinal lymph node dissection (L-MLND) vs stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) in operable stage I NSCLC. There were no significant differences in disease progression but significantly higher 3-year overall survival (OS) in the SABR arm (95% vs 79%). Owing to concerns regarding the small sample size (n = 58), short follow-up (3 years), and non-uniform use of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), we expanded the STARS protocol to a single-arm SABR trial with a protocol-specified comparison to a published, longitudinally-followed institutional cohort of stage IA NSCLC status post VATS L-MLND (n = 229). Methods: Inclusion criteria were stage IA NSCLC (≤3 cm, N0M0 and staged by PET/CT with EBUS) with Zubrod performance status (PS) 0-2, baseline FEV1 &gt; 40% and DLCO &gt; 40% and deemed operable by a multidisciplinary team. SABR utilized 4-dimensional CT simulation and volumetric image guidance; 54 Gy in 3 fractions were delivered to planning target volumes (PTVs) located peripherally, or 50 Gy in 4 fractions to more central PTVs. All patients were followed by chest CT every three months for the first two years, every 6 months for another three years, and then annually. Non-inferiority of SABR could be claimed if the 3-year OS was not lower than the historical VATS L-MLND cohort by more than 12%. We conducted a risk-factor matched comparison study of the primary outcome between the SABR and the historical VATS L-MLND. Results: The median follow-up among the 80 SABR patients was 61 months (range, 34-79 months). The OS and progression-free survival (PFS) were 91% (95% CI: 85̃98%) and 80% (95% CI: 72̃89%) at 3 years, and 87% (95% CI: 79̃95%) and 77% (95% CI: 68̃87%) at 5 years, respectively. The 5-year cumulative incidence rate counting death as competing risk was 6.3% (95% CI: 2.3̃13.2%) local, 12.5% (95% CI: 6.4̃20.8%) regional, and 8.8% (95% CI: 3.8̃16.2%) distant (any recurrence 17.6% (95% CI: 10.1̃26.7%)). The 5 year cumulative incidence rate of second lung primary was 6.9% (95% CI: 2.5̃14.6%). There were 1.3% grade 3 and no grade 4-5 toxicities. The propensity score matched (age, gender, tumor size, histology, PS) comparison of SABR vs VATS L-MLND revealed no significant differences in PFS (p = 0.063), lung cancer-specific survival (p = 0.075), or cumulative incidence rates of local (p = 0.54), regional (p = 0.97), or distant failures (p = 0.33). The SABR arm was associated with significantly higher OS (91% vs 82% at 3 years and 87% vs 72% at 5 years; p = 0.012 from log-rank test). The hazard ratio was 0.411 (95% CI: 0.193̃0.875; p = 0.021). Conclusions: The long-term OS and PFS of SABR is not inferior to VATS L-MLND for operable stage IA NSCLC. SABR remains a promising approach for this population, but multidisciplinary management is strongly recommended. Clinical trial information: NCT02357992.

Recurrence of Breast Cancer After Primary Treatment: A Matched Comparison Study of Disease-Free Survival in Women Who Do and Do Not Receive Adjunctive Naturopathic Oncology Care.

Purpose:To compare disease free survival experienced by women who received usual oncologic care compared to a cohort of women who received naturopathic oncology care in addition to usual care.Methods:Women with breast cancer who received naturopathic oncology (NO) care in Western Washington State (WA) (N = 176) were recruited to a prospective study of clinical health-related quality of life outcomes and then matched to women who received usual care (UC) only (N = 334).Results:Among 510 women with breast cancer stages 1 to 3, a total of 50 women (10%) experienced a disease-free survival (DFS) ending event within the observation period; 23 (6.8% of those in the UC cohort, and 27 (15.3% of those in the NO cohort (P < .05). Although, women in the 2 cohorts received similar surgical, chemotherapy, and radiation treatment, women with breast cancer who received naturopathic oncology adjunctive care were less likely to use anti-estrogen therapy, and experienced poorer DFS (logrank test, P < .05). However, differences in DFS could not be shown to be due to cohort differences in anti-estrogen therapy, baseline HRQOL, or naturopathic oncology therapies prescribed. The stage 3 women in the naturopathic oncology group had more advanced disease at diagnosis. They were more likely to have 5 or more metastatic lymph nodes at baseline (18.5%) compared to their usual care matched control group (13%). Women in the naturopathic oncology group also had higher grade tumors at diagnosis.Conclusions:Results show that recurrence of breast cancer was associated with more advanced malignant lymph node involvement; and that naturopathic oncology services provided in 2009-2015 did not improve disease-free survival in these high-risk breast cancer patients.

Psychological distress and positive gain in mothers of children with autism, with or without other children with neurodevelopmental disorders

Although a wealth of literature has focused on the parenting experiences of mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), there is a lack of research about mothers who are parenting a child with ASD, and who have other children with neurodevelopmental disorders. In this matched-comparison study, 10 mothers of a child with ASD and other typically developing children (ASD-TD) were compared to 10 mothers of a child with ASD who also had other children with neurodevelopmental disorders (ASD-NDD). Mothers completed self-report measures of mental health and positive gain. Results indicated no significant between-group differences for mental health, although mothers in the ASD-NDD group reported increased positive gain compared to mothers in the ASD-TD group. Further research is needed to understand practical support needs and theory development

The Impact of Pretrial Juvenile Detention on 12-Month Recidivism: A Matched Comparison Study

Pretrial detention, the use of detention to ensure youth attend court hearings, makes up 75% of all juvenile detention admissions. Research investigating the impact of detainment on youth outcomes is limited and, when available, does not distinguish between different uses of detention. Consequently, little is known about the effects of detaining youth for this purpose. The current study examines the impact of pretrial detention on more than 46,000 juvenile cases across 32 jurisdictions. Using propensity score matching, analyses found that pretrial detention was associated with a 33% increase in felony recidivism and 11% increase in misdemeanor recidivism within one year, and a small effect for length of stay (1% increased risk per day). The analyses also revealed an interaction effect with prior criminal history indicating that this relationship shifts once a youth has a number of previous criminal filings.