Master Work Research Articles

Review and characteristics of V. Kosenko's piano works of the Zhytomyr period of the master's work

Objective. The piano works of V. Kosenko within the Zhytomyr period of the master 's work are described in the article. Substantiated that the artist's attention was attracted by various spheres of human life and activities: political and civic pathos, labour romance, spiritual world of the contemporary. The research methodology is presented by application of the historical and logical method of data analysis in order to reveal the retrospective data set of the repertoire of V. Kosenko's work as a performer within the Zhytomyr period. Scientific novelty. The work of the chamber trio (Kosenko – Skorokhod – Kolomoytsev) was evaluated. Works written by V. Kosenko during the Zhytomyr period of activities are analyzed. It is established that at the end of the Zhytomyr creativity period serious changes in the intonation sphere of V. Kosenko’s music are noticeable, in particular he increasingly turns to folk sources. The composer managed to leave his unique mark in the development of almost all forms of Ukrainian musical culture. It is proved that the instrumental works of V. Kosenko's great form, created during the heyday of his work, are represented by autographs of such symphonic works as the Heroic Overture for Grand Symphony Orchestra op. 21, which was included in the golden fund of Ukrainian music, and the Symphonic poem on Moldavian themes op. 26; concerts for solo instruments with orchestra: autographs of L. M. Revutsky and G. I. Maiboroda c-moll concerto for piano and orchestra op. 23, who orchestrated it on Kosenko's piano; piano and drafts of the score of the concerto cis-moll op. 21 and B-dur concerto for piano and orchestra, a-moll concerto for violin and orchestra op. 6 edited by G. I. Maiboroda. Conclusions. It is established on the basis of significant facts that V. Kosenko's music within the Zhytomyr period of creativity was marked by a new genre orientation. Since the late 20's chamber instrumental and vocal creativity has given way to mass genres of music (song-choir, solo songs on current civic themes, march songs for brass band, choirs, harmonization and arrangement of folk songs, children's repertoire for performance in music schools and, finally, orchestral works). Such changes were almost, certainly, were caused by the need for a direct "conversation" of the composer with a new audience.

The importance of «interprint» in the development of Ukrainian graphics

The article studies Ukrainian graphic art of the late twentieth century, undergoing changes caused by political events in Eastern Europe. Two iconic exhibitions became the turning point for native art as they revealed the Ukrainian graphic arts, and broke through the "iron" curtain of the totalitarian regime. The ideological seclusion of the USSR focused solely on the themes celebrating the life of a happy worker, peasant, or intellectual, did not let the works of another content to be displayed in public. Moreover, all areas of art creativity were controlled by the Union of Artists of Ukraine, headed by people with party membership cards. This prohibition referred especially to works of national-patriotic, conceptual, abstract, or surrealistic nature. The idea to hold an international exhibition that would present Ukrainian graphics to the world arose in the heads of a few independent politicians. At the state level, that idea certainly did not gain any support, but some people contributed to its implementation. Interestingly, the first exhibition of graphics "Interdruk'90" took place just before the collapse of the USSR, and the second, "Interdruk'92", in an already independent Ukraine. The exhibitions showed a high level of Ukrainian graphics, which equaled and sometimes surpassed the works of foreign masters. Among the exhibited art were works by such masters of national graphics as Valeriy Demya- nyshyn, Oleg Denysenko, Mykhaylo Alexandrov, Volodymyr Gumenny, Konstantin Kalinovich, Ivan Kravetz, Pavlo Makov, Mychaylo Moskal, Volodymyr Pinigin, Igor Podolchak, Yuriy Pshenychny, Roman Romanyshyn, Yevgen Ravsky, Alexander Aksinin et al. Their works reflected the whole spectrum of current life themes, which were seen and interpreted in new ways, imaginative technical and formal solutions. Most of those national artists had been exhibited abroad and won the most prestigious graphic contests, yet they were little known in their Motherland. On the other hand, the Ukrainian audience got a chance to learn about the works and achievements of graphic artists from France, Great Britain, Argentina, Korea, Israel, Spain, Holland, Poland, Canada, Russia, Japan, Italy and other countries. We may state that those two exhibitions of printmaking art opened the way to the development of graphics in independent Ukraine.

Digitizing historical Arabic typography: Bulaq Press contributions

It is known that various peoples throughout the Islamic world adopted the Arabic alphabet to write their original writing with an adapted version of Arabic script. Thus, various languages are currently written using Arabic script, such as Persian (Iran), Pashto, Dari (Afghanistan), Urdu (India, Pakistan), Javanese (Indonesia), Malay (Malaysia), Kurdish (Iraq), and Uyghur (China). This variety of languages used different Arabic script styles such as naskh, ruq’a, nasta‘liq (farsi), diwani, and square kufic. When typography was first introduced in the Arab world in the 17th Century, there were no typefaces (printing letters) that respected the grammar of Arabic script. However, the Bulaq Press played an essential role in promoting the spirit of scholarship and knowledge dissemination in Egypt and the Near East during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The shift of book production in Egypt after 1850 was marked by the graphic technology evolution, the use of different languages in its printed productions: Arabic, Turkish and Persian. In addition, Bulaq Press managed to be a pioneer in the Islamic World by printing the Quran during King Fouad’s reign (1923). The latter is considered a master work from which the Bulaq Press typeface was revived and ready to be used in new publication. Thus, the BA Writing and Scripts Center (WSC) managed to digitize the naskh typeface of the Bulaq Press Quran and printed it on a CD. Our intent is to suggest a multidisciplinary project that investigates the evolution of Bulaq Press typefaces, then to explain the method used by the Bulaq Press Quran typeface to digitize, and finally to initiate a multidisciplinary collaboration to fulfill this ambitious project.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ РОЗВИТКУ СФЕРИ ІННОВАЦІЙНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ В ЗАКЛАДАХ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ ТА НАУКОВИХ УСТАНОВАХ ЗБРОЙНИХ СИЛ УКРАЇНИ

The implementation of the requirements for achieving the criteria of compatibility of the Armed Forces of Ukraine with NATO and the EU, the integration of education into European and world standards of military training have led to radical changes in the structure and content of military education and science. The proposed approaches to the structure and content of training of highly qualified officers for the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other components of the security and defense sector of Ukraine are aimed at training taking into account the experience of leading countries.Keywords: innovation potential, innovative product, innovative activity, scientific result. Such experience involves increasing innovative educational, scientific, human resources, training of military professionals capable of performing national security and defense tasks with high efficiency, able to increase the level of knowledge, practical skills, creative development and implement them in the service.One of the peculiarities of the development of innovation in the Free Economic Zone and research institutions of the Armed Forces of Ukraine is the lack of use of research as a basis for innovation potential, lack of effective infrastructure that turns it into a product suitable for commercialization. Another feature of the development of innovation in the opinion of the authors is the lack of scientific orientation in the preparation of higher education students for master's theses. As a rule, the results of the master's work are recommendations (suggestions) for changes in the organizational and staffing structures of military formations, which were studied under the appropriate conditions determined by the researcher. The results of research are not subject to testing at the scientific level, and their publication is carried out formally under the guise of the relevant collection of works of students (cadets), which requires a radical revision of the content of education, forms of educational process. An essential feature of innovation in free economic zones (scientific institutions) is the implementation of research results in the form of non-commercial exchange of innovative products through scientific and practical conferences, seminars, scientific and technical publications, etc., ie a characteristic feature of lack of innovation infrastructure. projects of innovation activity. One of the most difficult and controversial issues is the creation and application of educational and information environment ZVO (scientific institution), informatization of the educational process, which opens up fundamentally new opportunities for distance learning, which in the long run of coronavirus disease is becoming increasingly important. Thus, the final stage of development of the sphere of innovative activity in the Free Economic Zone (scientific institutions) should be the completion of the process of training a military professional with strong innovative potential, meeting modern requirements necessary for innovative development of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.

Russian Landscape Linocut, 1910-1970

The article examines the origin and development of Russian graphic landscape art, performed in the technique of engraving on linoleum. It covers the period from the early 20th century, the moment the first masters of this direction of graphic art appeared in Russia, until the late 1960s when linocut, the landscape, in particular, reached its prime and acquired its completely individual, unlike any other graphic technique, characteristic. The authors analyze the linocut landscapes of notable artists of the period described starting with the founder, N.Sheverdyaev, and the leading propagandist of linocut in Russia, I.Pavlov. The article describes the distinctive features of engraving and making prints by famous artists of the 20th century, graphic artists, and not only. This is M.Dobuzhinsky, B.Kustodiev, V.Falileev, K.Kostenko, N.Piskarev, later I.Sokolov, P.Staronosov, and many other not so famous artists. The Soviet period is represented by A.Kravchenko, M.Matorin, I.Sokolov, S.Yudovin, and, of course, A.Zyryanov, one of the well-known printers of the 1960s. The linocut technique is well established in almost all types of landscape. These were industrial, agitational works, glorifying the work of Soviet people, colorful sheets, and lyrical, delicate, and poetic works. The architectural and rural landscape occupied an important place in the work of the letterpress masters: in the urban landscape, of course, the images of the two capitals prevailed, which is not surprising since most of the artists studied and worked in Moscow and Leningrad. The authors of the article drew attention to the creative work of N.Lapshin, F.Smirnov, N.Novoselskaya, A.Smirnov, and others. In the article, the authors try to show how versatile and complex the linocut technique, especially colored, is. The authors want to show that the art of engraving on linoleum helped to view the landscape genre in graphics differently and, possibly, influenced the development of the landscape in other types of prints and painting. The authors are trying to prove that linoleum engraving rightfully takes an equal position with woodcut and etching. The works of masters working in this technique are exhibited in all museums in the country.

DECORATING MODERN CLOTHING WITH TRADITIONAL CROSS-STITCH EMBROIDERY: ARTISTIC AND PEDAGOGICAL ASPECT

The article focuses on the improvement of professional training of specialists of artistic specialties, in particular, a fine arts teacher on the basis of Ukrainian folk embroidery. The various ways of decorating traditional and modern clothing are studied. The way of decorating modern clothing with traditional folk cross-stitch embroidery is characterized as an effective one. It is well-proven that decorating modern clothing with traditional cross-stitch embroidery represents the history of the nation, the important constituent of materially-spiritual existence of the Ukrainian people, an index of public processes, and must take an important place in the educational dimension of future fine arts teachers. The methods of teaching the technique of cross-stitch embroidery and its use in decorating modern clothing by the future fine arts teachers are proven. The methods include the following stages: informative and cognitive, practical, creative, assessing. The module "Cross-stitch embroidery and its use in decorating clothing" is offered; plans of lectures and workshops, activities for independent learning, questions for module control, and questions for the final test are presented. These methods were approved in the educational dimension of the Department of Fine Arts of Poltava V. G. Korolenko National Pedagogical University. The results of approbation led to its efficiency and expediency of the use in the process of professional training of future fine arts teachers. The prospect of further research is in the development of the methods of studying works of modern masters of embroidery by future teachers in the aspect of decorating clothing.

Sites of the Aesthetic Self: John Cassian and Christian Ethical Formation by Niki Kasumi Clements

Reviewed by: Sites of the Aesthetic Self: John Cassian and Christian Ethical Formation by Niki Kasumi Clements Jude P. Dougherty CLEMENTS, Niki Kasumi. Sites of the Aesthetic Self: John Cassian and Christian Ethical Formation. Notre Dame, Ind.: University of Notre Dame Press, 2020. xi + 280 pp. Cloth, $65.00 —The book opens with an account of a well-educated young man, John Cassian, and his companion, Germanus, who attempt to establish in Bethlehem a monastic community based on the asceticism of the Egyptian desert model. The middle decades of the fifth century have been described by Robert Markus as the watershed of the great debates in the Latin West about what it means to be and live as a Christian. There is ample evidence to support that judgment as we follow the writing and activity of John Cassian, Augustine, John Chrysostom, Benedict of Nursia, and Pope Innocent I. John Cassian, who lived from 360 to 436, was born in what is now Romania. A contemporary of St. Augustine (354–430), like Augustine he was led to address the issue of self-formation which in one formulation reads as follows: “In orienting oneself toward the proximate goal of purity of heart and the ultimate end of the Kingdom of God, how much is to be attributed to one’s own agency as distinct from the grace of God.” Augustine spoke to the problem in his On Grace and Free Will (426), where he stressed human fallenness and human inability. Cassian in Conferences 15, “On God’s Protection,” was thought to offer a direct response to Augustine despite its antecedent composition. Cassian’s position, which later became known as semi-pelagian, differed from Augustine’s insofar as Cassian feared that the doctrine of Augustine possessed an element of fatalism. “We must take care not to ascribe all merits of the saints to the Lord, so as to leave nothing but what is perverse to human activity. Cassian claimed that the initial step to salvation was within the power of the individual unaided by grace. God created humans with a good will, and when human effort fosters this will, God encourages its growth, and spurs it on to salvation, increasing what he himself had planted and saw arise from individual effort. According to Cassian, human progress in ascetic formation requires adaptation as well as human toil and effort. Cassian notes that divine protection goes “together not with the lazy or careless person, but with the one who labors and toils.” Cassian brought to his early works a knowledge of Egyptian asceticism and of the desert hermits. This is seen in his Institutes of Monastic Life (418) and Conferences of the Fathers (419). A third work, On the Incarnation of the Lord, was written against the heretic Nestorius at the request of Pope Leo I. That book, considered his master work, took him nearly a decade to write and appeared in 490. Without doubt his collected works were to influence the whole of Western monasticism. Benedict in [End Page 383] his Rule made Cassian’s Conferences and Institutes required reading. In the opinion of Niki Kasumi Clements, “Cassian is remarkable as a translator between Eastern and Western Christianities. He bridges geographies, languages, politics, customs and friends.” Notably, he was embraced not only in the West but by Eastern Christianity, as evidenced by the fact that his Latin texts were translated into Greek. Cassian writes about what an ascetic life looks like, materially and performatively, how it feels and is socially transmitted. He emphasizes its positive aspects—not renunciation. In writing about communal practices, he stresses adaptation and accommodation for different geographic sites and times. He recognizes how subjects are directed by desire but need to be confirmed in their ambition through practice. Commissioned by Pope Innocent I to work in southern Gaul, he established near Marseilles two monasteries, one for men and one for women. He founded and became the first abbot of the Abbey St. Victor, where he remained for the rest of his life. His foundation for women was known as the Abbey St. Salvador. Cassian was ordained a deacon by John Chrysostom, Archbishop of Constantinople, around 404 and ordained a priest...

Decentralized learning works: An empirical comparison of gossip learning and federated learning

Machine learning over distributed data stored by many clients has important applications in use cases where data privacy is a key concern or central data storage is not an option. Recently, federated learning was proposed to solve this problem. The assumption is that the data itself is not collected centrally. In a master–worker architecture, the workers perform machine learning over their own data and the master merely aggregates the resulting models without seeing any raw data, not unlike the parameter server approach. Gossip learning is a decentralized alternative to federated learning that does not require an aggregation server or indeed any central component. The natural hypothesis is that gossip learning is strictly less efficient than federated learning due to relying on a more basic infrastructure: only message passing and no cloud resources. In this empirical study, we examine this hypothesis and we present a systematic comparison of the two approaches. The experimental scenarios include a real churn trace collected over mobile phones, continuous and bursty communication patterns, different network sizes and different distributions of the training data over the devices. We also evaluate a number of additional techniques including a compression technique based on sampling, and token account based flow control for gossip learning. We examine the aggregated cost of machine learning in both approaches. Surprisingly, the best gossip variants perform comparably to the best federated learning variants overall, so they offer a fully decentralized alternative to federated learning.

Illuminated Gospel, dated 1684, from the Cathedral of the Archangel at the Moscow Kremlin Museums: to the question of iconographic sources

This article deals with miniatures of the Gospel from the collection of the Moscow Kremlin Museums, dated 1684. The author analyzes the iconography of the compositions, identifies the sources used as models for the masters who decorated the book, and also examines the circumstances associated with the order of the manuscript. The text touches on the issue of artistic connections between Russia and Western Europe in the field of book illustration of the 17th century and describes in detail the creative work of the court masters on the miniatures of the Gospel. The author discovers a Western European visual source that has never been associated with the range of Kremlin monuments before, which complements our vision of the iconographic lexicon of the court masters of the second half of the 17th century.

A Critical Presentation of the Three Kierkegaardian Spheres of Human Existence

It is an apparent danger in the existence of the modern man that abstraction is substituted for reality. The truth of the uniqueness of each man and the various situations of life where one cannot but make a personal choice and decision, compel man the need to authenticate his being. It is then pertinent at this time, when there is not only a loss of personal identity but more still a total flaw of existence in our modern society, to pinpoint what authentic life should be. Hence, a Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard has done a masterly work of authenticating one's existence, becoming an individual instead of being swallowed up in the appraisal of untrue crowd. Precisely, the researcher will apply in this work the philosophical method of critical reflection of Kierkegaardian three spheres of human existence to arrive at the best manner of approach to examine one's life as to live an authentic existence.

Аргентинский период творчества Степана Эрьзи (1927–1950): поиски и обретения

Relevance: The problem of studying the work of one of the outstanding masters of the Russian Diaspora – Stephan Erzia, who created several hundred sculptures in Argentina, has been raised. Their specificity, connection with the culture of the country hasn’t been studied properly, and cultural and art history analysis has not been carried out. At the same time, identifying the reasons why the Argentineans perceive his art in relation to the Argentine one, is an essential research task. Moreover, Erzia’s exhibitions of recent years, held in Buenos Aires, Moscow and St. Petersburg, were successful. Novelty: The uniqueness of Erzia’s work is due to his double mentality. He saw the world not only as Russian, but also as Argentinean. New cultural meanings are indicated in the problems of his sculptures and in the visual language itself. Erzia’s stay in Argentina is considered in the context of the formation of national art. Including the example of the synthesis of architecture and sculpture of representative buildings created by European masters. Although the 20–40s of the 20th century were an era of prosperity for Argentina, their own architects will only make themselves known in the 1930s. Many of them worked in Europe and Argentina. The interest in Erzia’s art before his first exhibition in Buenos Aires was prepared by the press. The articles emphasized that the sculptor would show the works that were successfully demonstrated in 1926 in Paris. The audience became convinced of the high professionalism and genre diversity of the master's works. A year after his arrival, Erzia turns less to marble and bronze, more to the tree of local tropical species – quebracho and algarroba. They possessed exceptional density, multiplicity of color shades, and expressive texture. Erzia’s works were formed in cycles. These are portraits and nudes, monumental images of geniuses of humanity, the theme of motherhood. A bold change in iconographic canons distinguishes the best works of the master.

Hannah Gadsby’s Nanette: Connection Through Comedy

AbstractHannah Gadsby: Nanette (2018) is a brilliant and masterful work of comedy in which Gadsby announces she is quitting comedy. In this article, I draw on classical and contemporary humor theory to explore the comedic content of Nanette and critique Gadsby’s reasons for quitting. Although I largely agree with Gadsby’s concerns about comedy, I argue that the very show in which she presents them, Nanette, stands as evidence against their universal truth. Gadsby argues that comedy is no longer conducive to her health for at least three related reasons. First, the self‐deprecatory comedy out of which she has built her career is a symptom of her humiliation which she is no longer willing or able to showcase for the pleasure of others. I argue that while self‐deprecatory humor can, of course, be a sign of humiliation, it needn’t be. Comedians, including those on the margins, can and do effectively employ self‐deprecation without humiliation or denigration of self, and one way comedians do this is as a ruse to expose the ignorance of the audience or of comic targets not present. Second, Gadsby analyzes jokes and argues their two‐part structure, set‐up and punch line, is inadequate for telling the whole story of the trauma she has endured as a lesbian who, as she puts it, presents as “gender not‐normal.” However, I maintain that, although jokes may not be, stand‐up sets are often complete wholes with beginnings, middles, and ends. In fact, Nannette is a prime example of such complex comedy. Finally, she argues that the comedian’s job is to create and dispel tension, but she is no longer willing to take responsibility for or do anything to dispel the tension created when she speaks of her past trauma. But I discuss how Gadsby, as a true master of her craft, is able to create a highly successful and very funny comedy show in which she completely controls the tension while explicitly choosing to leave significant portions of it with the audience. In fact, super stand‐up comedy can introduce tension it neglects to remove without sacrificing the humor. Indeed, Hannah Gadsby’s Nanette is a prime example of comedy that powerfully does precisely this.

How to Understand the Planck´s Oscillators? Wien Peaks, Planck Distribution Function and Its Decomposition, the Bohm Sheath Criterion, Plasma Coupling Constant, the Barrier of Determinacy, Hubble Cooling Constant. (24.04.2020)

In our approach we have combined knowledge of Old Masters (working in this field before the year 1905), New Masters (working in this field after the year 1905) and Dissidents under the guidance of Louis de Broglie and David Bohm. Based on the great works of Wilhelm Wien and Max Planck we have presented a new look on the “Wien Peaks” and the Planck Distribution Function and proposed the “core-shell” model of the photon. There are known many “Wien Peaks” defined for different contexts. We have introduced a thermodynamic approach to define the Wien Photopic Peak at the wavelength λ = 555 nm and the Wien Scotopic Peak at the wavelength λ = 501 nm to document why Nature excellently optimized the human vision at those wavelengths. There could be discovered many more the so-called Wien Thermodynamic Peaks for other physical and chemical processes. We have attempted to describe the so-called Planck oscillators as coupled oscillations of geons and dyons. We have decomposed the Planck distribution function in two parts. Inspired by the Bohm Diffusion and the Bohm Sheath Criterion we have defined the plasma coupling constant that couple oscillations of geons and photons. The difference of the Planck least action of photons and the least action of geons might define the Barrier of Determinacy that create a limit for the resolution in the Microworld. We have newly formulated the Hubble cooling constant and inserted it into the Newton-Zwicky Cooling Law of photons for the description of the cooling of old photons. This proposed view on Planck´s Oscillators might open a new way for the description of “Heat” and “Light” processes.

Violin concerto principles as a way of musical thinking: semantic discourse

Violin concerto principles as a way of musical thinking: semantic discourse

Jaspar de Isaac’s Engraving “Narcissus”: On the Sources of Konstantin Somov’s Early Art

The article reveals and introduces into scientific circulation the previously unknown artistic source of Konstantin Andreyevich Somov’s early art – Jaspar de Isaac’s engraving “Narcissus”. There is traced the course of work with this one along with other art sources (works of European masters of the 16th—18th centuries depicting hunting scenes, paintings by Antoine Watteau, Jugendstil graphics), revealed the context of reference to it, and analyzed the stylistic features of including this source in Somov’s work on the watercolor “Rest after a Walk”. These tasks are addressed in the context of the role of artistic sources from the heritage of past eras in early works of Konstantin Somov. The topic’s relevance is determined by the fact that Jaspar de Isaac’s engraving “Narcissus”, made at the very beginning of the 17th century for a French edition of the “Imagines” by Philostratus the Elder, for the first time becomes the object of research as a source of Somov’s art. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that for the first time it attempts to identify (basing on a combination of formal and contextual analysis), and to use a source from the artistic heritage of France of the beginning of the 17th century in the work of K. Somov on the themes of the 18th century. The reveal of the source — the engraving “Narcissus” by J. de Isaac — made it possible to reconstruct the artist’s work on the “Rest after a Walk”. The article examines not only the sketch for this work from the collections of the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts, but also the drawing “A Date” from the State Tretyakov Gallery. There is stated that it is a preparatory drawing for the watercolor “Rest after a Walk”, basing on the general iconography of the watercolor, sketch and engraving “Narcissus”. The author concludes that Somov’s appeal to the engraving by J. de Isaac was not conscious, it should be attributed to the phenomenon of artistic memory, and his probable acquaintance with it had taken place before the artist left for Paris in the autumn of 1897.

НАВОИЙВА ГЁТЕ: ҲАЁТИЙ МУШТАРАК НУҚТАЛАР

his article discusses the common (typological) intersecting or non-intersecting lines in the life and work of two great scholars of the East and the West–the sultan of poetry Nizamiddin Amir Alisher Navoi and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, recognized as the “great German”. If we look at the issue in the context of global literary communication, translation and influence,unfortunately, the question of familiarity and influence in the work of these word masters remains an unanswered puzzle

Between Light and Shade

The Faculty of Fine Arts of the University of Lisbon (FBAUL) holds a Collection of Lithographs, dated between 1840 and 1911, related to the memory of teaching Drawing in the nineteenth century. Lithographs after works of Italian Old Masters like Raphael Sanzio and Pompeo Batoni, respectively, Drawing Courses of French artists of the second half of the nineteenth century like Charles Bargue, Auguste Allongé among others, relate this Collection with its European counterpart of the nineteenth century. The FBAUL Virtual Print Room is a bilingual (Portuguese/English) website project to enable users in the future to have access to the Inventory and Knowledge of the Collection and build connections with other Archives worldwide.

Paulus Vladimiri and Stanislaus de Scarbimiria – medieval Krakow law school and the Polish contribution to the formation of the rights of nations

The formation of medieval national communities constitutes the basis of political and cultural European history. However, it is almost forgotten nowadays that a significant contribution to reflections on sovereignty was made by Polish scholars. Stanisław of Skarbimierz (Stanislaus de Scarbimiria – 1365-1431) and Paweł Włodkowic (Paulus Vladimiri – 1370-1435), medieval Cracovian jurists and philosophers, are rather unknown in the Western milieu. Both of them added their voices to one of the most important disputes for European political culture. The 15th-century debate between Jagiellonian Poland and the Teutonic Order that conquered the Prussian lands became the basis for Polish lawyers to develop an ingenuous theory concerning human rights and the rights of nations. Stanisław of Skarbimierz and Paweł Włodkowic, the founders of the Polish school of law at the Cracow Academy, in their writings and letters, firmly demonstrated injustice, the breaking of basic human rights, injuries, and other crimes perpetrated by the Teutonic knights against the Prussians, Lithuanians, Yotvingians and Poles. The scholars elaborated on the most important problems of law and international relationships, concerning the issues of human rights, the right to self-determination, just war, respect for personal property and human dignity. The doctrine of the Polish School of international law elaborated by Paul Wladimiri and Stanislaw of Skarbimierz have had and still make a considerable impact on the understanding of human rights and rights of nations. Their works and sermons espouse the craving for international justice, while securing national interests, and for a model of Europe as a “family of independent and sovereign nations” whose coexistence is founded on the Christian anthropology according to which a man as endowed by God with dignity and freedom. The works of the Cracovian masters should impress us and make proud of our legacy, while in Europe they should awaken interest and creative thought.

Research on the Task Assignment Problem with Maximum Benefits in Volunteer Computing Platforms

As a type of distributed computing, volunteer computing (VC) has provided unlimited computing capacity at a low cost in recent decades. The architecture of most volunteer computing platforms (VCPs) is a master–worker model, which defines a master–slave relationship. Therefore, VCPs can be considered asymmetric multiprocessing systems (AMSs). As AMSs, VCPs are very promising for providing computing services for users. Users can submit tasks with deadline constraints to the VCPs. If the tasks are completed within their deadlines, VCPs will obtain the benefits. For this application scenario, this paper proposes a new task assignment problem with the maximum benefits in VCPs for the first time. To address the problem, we first proposed a list-based task assignment (LTA) strategy, and we proved that the LTA strategy could complete the task with a deadline constraint as soon as possible. Then, based on the LTA strategy, we proposed a maximum benefit scheduling (MBS) algorithm, which aimed at maximizing the benefits of VCPs. The MBS algorithm determined the acceptable tasks using a pruning strategy. Finally, the experiment results show that our proposed algorithm is more effective than current algorithms in the aspects of benefits, task acceptance rate and task completion rate.

Sarat Chandra’s Women: An Anthropological Gendered Analysis of the Works of an Indian Writer of the Early Twentieth Century

The works of literary masters often encapsulate history and anthropology of their times. Of several doyens of colonial writers in Bengal, Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyaya is well known for mirroring the position of women and also drawing some strong sketches of women reflecting social issues as well as inequality and injustice meted out to them at that period of Bengal’s history. His empathetic concern for women and his keen insight into their minds has often been commented on and appreciated. This paper is concerned with his inter-subjective relationship with the questions of class and caste and how, he as a male member of upper caste and from a genteel background dealt with his innate caste and class concerns in constructing his women characters representing various strata of society.