Massive Gauge Fields Research Articles

Time scale for loss of massive vector hair by a black hole and its consequences for proton decay

It has long been known that matter charged under a broken U(1) gauge symmetry collapsing to form a black hole will radiate away the associated external (massive) gauge field. We show that the timescale for the radiation of the monopole component of the field will be on the order of the inverse Compton wavelength of the gauge boson (assuming natural units). Since the Compton wavelength for a massive gauge boson is directly related to the scale of symmetry breaking, the timescale for a black hole to lose its gauge field "hair" is determined only by this scale. The timescale for Hawking radiation, however, is set by the mass of the black hole. These different dependencies mean that for any (sub-Planckian) scale of symmetry breaking we can define a mass below which black holes radiate quickly enough to discharge themselves via the Hawking process before the gauge field is radiated away. This has important implications for the extrapolation of classical black hole physics to Planck-scale virtual black holes. In particular, we comment on the implications for protecting protons from gravitationally mediated decay.

The masses of gauge fields in higher spin field theory on AdS(4)

Higher spin field theory on AdS(4) is defined by lifting the minimal conformal sigma model in three-dimensional flat space. This allows to calculate the masses from the anomalous dimensions of the currents in the sigma model. The Goldstone boson field can be identified.

Renormalization of theσ‐ωmodel within the framework of U(1) gauge symmetry

It is shown that the Sigma-Omega model which is widely used in the study of nuclear relativistic many-body problem can exactly be treated as an Abelian massive gauge field theory. The quantization of this theory can perfectly be performed by means of the general methods described in the quantum gauge field theory. Especially, the local U(1) gauge symmetry of the theory leads to a series of Ward-Takahashi identities satisfied by Green's functions and proper vertices. These identities form an uniquely correct basis for the renormalization of the theory. The renormalization is carried out in the mass-dependent momentum space subtraction scheme and by the renormalization group approach. With the aid of the renormalization boundary conditions, the solutions to the renormalization group equations are given in definite expressions without any ambiguity and renormalized S-matrix elememts are exactly formulated in forms as given in a series of tree diagrams provided that the physical parameters are replaced by the running ones. As an illustration of the renormalization procedure, the one-loop renormalization is concretely carried out and the results are given in rigorous forms which are suitable in the whole energy region. The effect of the one-loop renormalization is examined by the two-nucleon elastic scattering.

Quantized massive collective excitation, pseudogap energy, and superconductivity in underdoped cuprates

The collective modes around the hole for k∼( π,0) in underdoped cuprates have been quantized in the path-integral method. Quantized massive gauge fields explain naturally the anomalous property of the weak-field Hall conductance in underdoped cuprates.

Duality in noncommutative topologically massive gauge field theory revisited

We introduce a master action in noncommutative space, out of which we obtain the action of the noncommutative Maxwell-Chern-Simons theory. Then, we look for the corresponding dual theory at both first and second orders in the noncommutative parameter. At the first order, the dual theory happens to be, precisely, the action obtained from the usual commutative Self-Dual model by generalizing the Chern-Simons term to its noncommutative version, including a cubic term. Since this resulting theory is also equivalent to the noncommutative massive Thirring model in the large fermion mass limit, we remove, as a byproduct, the obstacles arising in the generalization to noncommutative space, and to the first nontrivial order in the noncommutative parameter, of the bosonization in three dimensions. Then, performing calculations at the second order in the noncommutative parameter, we explicitly compute a new dual theory which differs from the noncommutative Self-Dual model, and further, differs also from other previous results, and involves a very simple expression in terms of ordinary fields. In addition, a remarkable feature of our results is that the dual theory is local, unlike what happens in the non-Abelian, but commutative case. We also conclude that the generalization to noncommutative space of bosonization in three dimensions is possible only when considering the first non-trivial corrections over ordinary space.

Quantized massive collective excitations, short-range spin fluctuations and high-Tcsuperconductivity

We have succeeded in quantizing massive collective gauge fields around the doped hole by using the theoretical formula, which is based on the gauge-invariant effective Lagrangian density, in underdoped cuprates. Quantized massive gauge fields, which are induced around the doped hole, explain naturally the broad spectra of angle-resolved photoemission around the hot spot, short-range spin fluctuations and anomalous transport properties in underdoped cuprates.

Anomalous transport and quantized massive collective exitations in underdoped cuprates

Abstract We have proposed the anisotropic transport property of the doped hole with quantized massive collective modes, which correspond to the massive gauge fields A μ 1 and A μ 2 in underdoped cuprates.

Opaque branes in warped backgrounds

We examine localized kinetic terms for gauge fields which can propagate into compact, warped extra dimensions. We show that these terms can have a relevant impact on the values of the Kaluza-Klein (KK) gauge field masses, wave functions, and couplings to brane and bulk matter. The resulting phenomenological implications are discussed. In particular, we show that the presence of opaque branes, with non-vanishing brane-localized gauge kinetic terms, allow much lower values of the lightest KK mode than in the case of transparent branes. Moreover, we show that if the large discrepancies among the different determinations of the weak mixing angle would be solved in favor of the value obtained from the lepton asymmetries, bulk electroweak gauge fields in warped-extra dimensions may lead to an improvement of the agreement of the fit to the electroweak precision data for a Higgs mass of the order of the weak scale and a mass of the first gauge boson KK excitation most likely within reach of the LHC.

The spontaneous generation of magnetic fields at high temperature in a supersymmetric theory

The spontaneous generation of magnetic and chromomagnetic fields at high temperature in the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) is investigated. The consistent effective potential including the one-loop and the daisy diagrams of all bosons and fermions is calculated and the magnetization of the vacuum is observed. The mixing of the generated fields due to the quark and s-quark loop diagrams and the role of superpartners are studied in detail. It is found that the contribution of these diagrams increases the magnetic and chromomagnetic field strengths as compared with the case of a separate generation of fields. The magnetized vacuum state is found to be stable due to the magnetic masses of gauge fields included in the daisy diagrams. Applications of the results obtained are discussed. A comparison with the standard model case is done.

Light-front formulation of the standard model

Light-front (LF) quantization in the light-cone (LC) gauge is used to construct a renormalizable theory of the standard model. The framework derived earlier for QCD is extended to the Glashow-Weinberg-Salam (GWS) model of electroweak interaction theory. The Lorentz condition is automatically satisfied in LF-quantized QCD in the LC gauge for the free massless gauge field. In the GWS model, with the spontaneous symmetry breaking present, we find that the 't Hooft condition accompanies the LC gauge condition corresponding to the massive vector boson. The two transverse polarization vectors for the massive vector boson may be chosen to be the same as found in QCD. The nontransverse and linearly independent third polarization vector is found to be parallel to the gauge direction. The corresponding sum over polarizations in the standard model, indicated by ${K}_{\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\nu}}(k),$ has several simplifying properties similar to the polarization sum ${D}_{\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\nu}}(k)$ in QCD. The framework is unitary and ghost free (except for the ghosts at ${k}^{+}=0$ associated with the light-cone gauge prescription). The massive gauge field propagator has well-behaved asymptotic behavior. The interaction Hamiltonian of electroweak theory can be expressed in a form resembling that of covariant theory, plus additional instantaneous interactions which can be treated systematically. The LF formulation also provides a transparent discussion of the Goldstone boson (or electroweak) equivalence theorem, as the illustrations show.

Quantized massive collective excitations and short-range spin fluctuation in underdoped cuprates

We have obtained the relation, the superconducting critical temperature T c∝the characteristic energy Γ of the short-range spin fluctuation theoretically, taking account of the collective excitations, which correspond to the massive gauge fields A 1 μ and A 2 μ , around k∼(0, π) in underdoped cuprates.

Supersymmetric U(1) Gauge Field Theory with Massive Gauge Field**The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China

A new mechanism to introduce the mass of gauge field in supersymmetric gauge theory is discussed. The model has the strict local gauge symmetry and supersymmetry. Because we introduce two vector superfields simultaneously, the model contains a massive gauge field as well as a massless gauge field.

The Collective Excitations in High-Tc Superconductors

It is proposed that the collective modes around the hole for k~(π,0) in underdoped cuprates might correspond to massive gauge fields [Formula: see text], which are introduced by the gauge-invariant carrieron (GIC) model.

The spontaneous generation of magnetic and chromomagnetic fields at high temperature in the standard model

The spontaneous generation of the magnetic and chromomagnetic fields at high temperature is investigated in the Standard Model. The consistent effective potential including the one-loop and the daisy diagrams of all boson and fermion fields is calculated. The mixing of the generated fields due to the quark loop diagram is studied in detail. It is found that the quark contribution increases the magnetic and chromomagnetic field strengths as compared with the separate generation of fields. The magnetized vacuum state is stable due to the magnetic gauge field masses included in the daisy diagrams. Some applications of the results obtained are discussed.

Geometrical approach to the gauge field mass problem. Possible reasons for which the Higgs bosons are unobservable.

The (4+d)-dimensional Einstein—Hilbert gravity action is considered in the Kaluza - Klein approach. The extra-dimensional manifold V d is a Riemannian space with the d-parametric group of isometries G d which acts on V d by the left shifts and with an arbitrary non-degenerate left-invariant metric ⋗ ab . The gauge fields A μ( x) are introduced as the affine connection coefficients of the fiber bundle with V d being the fiber. The effective Lagrangian L eff{ A μ( x), ⋗ ab } is obtained as an invariant integral of the curvature scalar of the structure considered. The conditions on ⋗ ab are formulated under which L eff{ A μ ( x), ⋗ ab } contains in addition to the square of the gauge field strength tensor also the quadratic form of A μ ( x) and additional fields with pure gauge degrees of freedom. The eigenvalues of the quadratic form are calculated for the case of the gauge group SO(3) and it is shown that they are not equal to zero in the case when ⋗ ab is not proportional to the unit matrix.

Connes' Gauge Theory and Weinberg-Salam Model of Leptons on Noncommutative Space-Time

Connes’ gauge theory is defined on noncommutative space-time. It is applied to formulate a noncommutative Weinberg-Salam (WS)model in the leptonic sector with νR. It is shown that the model has two Higgs doublets and a gauge boson sector after the Higgs mechanism contains the massive charged gauge fields, two massless and two massive neutral gauge fields. It is also shown that, at the tree level, the neutrino couples to one of two ‘photons’, the electron interacts with both ‘photons’, and there exists a nontrivial νR-interaction on noncommutative space-time. To investigate the commutative limit of the model at the Lagrangian level, we generalize the charge conjugation transformation in QED to that in noncommutative QED. We show that there are two different generalizations, the C and � � � � � � .

Resonance Scattering in the Three‐Body Systems of Atom‐diatom and Relevance to Condensed Matter Physics

AbstractThree‐body resonance scattering of atom‐diatomic molecule systems involving internal excitations is discussed by fully allowing the topological phase (Berry phase) contribution. Earlier a generalized formalism (Phys. Rev. A 1996, 53, 2433) of the three‐body resonance scattering was presented by introducing the gauge potential (Berry connection). Based on this study we provide additional information on topological importance in resonance scattering involving the atom‐diatomic molecule systems. The massive gauge field (Berry connection) contribution which arises from a broken symmetry is discussed. Its relevance to condensed matter physics will be briefly high lighted in connection with our recent theory of super conductivity (Phys. Rev. B 1999, 60, 6324).

Variational Calculation in SU(3) Lattice GaugeTheory

Using the Hamiltonian lattice gauge theory, we perform somevariational calculations to obtain the ground-state energy of SU(3)gauge field and scalar (0+ + ) glueball mass. The agreement of our datawith the strong and weak expansion results in the corresponding limits indicates that this method can provide us withreliable information in the most interesting medium region. The trialwavefunction used in our variational method is also proven to be a goodfirst approximation of the ground-state of the SU(3) gauge field.Upgrading this function according to correlations of adjacent plaquettesmay mean better results.

Gauge fields and fermions in tachyon effective field theories

In this paper we incorporate gauge fields into the tachyon field theory models for unstable D-branes in bosonic and in Type II string theories. The chosen couplings yield massless gauge fields and an infinite set of equally spaced massive gauge fields on codimension one branes. A lack of a continuum spectrum is taken as evidence that the stable tachyon vacuum does not support conventional gauge excitations. For the bosonic string model we find two possible solvable couplings, one closely related to Born-Infeld forms and the other allowing a detailed comparison to the open string modes on bosonic D-branes. We also show how to include fermions in the type II model. They localize correctly on stable codimension one branes resulting in bose-fermi degeneracy at the massless level. Finally, we establish the solvability of a large class of models that include kinetic terms with more than two derivatives.

Cosmic strings and Cooper pairs

It is shown that it is possible for bound fermions on a cosmic string to form a superconducting state. Due to the attractive force between them, particles moving in opposite directions along the string form bound pairs. This involves a similar mechanism to superconductivity in metals at low temperatures. The method of Gorkov is used to analyse the system. In contrast to the situation in metals, the unusual properties of the string fermion spectrum allow a massless Abelian gauge field to provide the required attractive force. This results in far stronger superconductivity than usual. A massive gauge field can also be used, in which case the standard results apply.