Chito-oligosaccharide-reinforced thermally cross-linked fish skin gelatin films with silver nanoparticles: Enhanced properties and accelerated wound healing.

Self-assembly of phycocyanin-nanochitin complexes for antioxidant Pickering emulsions.

Degradation-tunable coating with sustained silver release for spinal implants to prevent postoperative infections.

This study investigated the influence of mass ratios on the properties of soybean peptide aggregate (SPA)-soluble soybean polysaccharide (SSPS) composite particles (CPs) fabricated under ultrasonic assistance. The physicochemical and emulsifying properties of CPs were systematically evaluated. Results indicated that the mass ratio played a critical role in determining CPs characteristics. Increasing SSPS content initially led to an enlargement in particle size, followed by a subsequent reduction. Both ζ-potential and three-phase contact angle (θ) decreased with higher SSPS content, with a θ of 87.26° observed at a 1:1 ratio. CPs with SPA-SSPS ratios of 3:1 and 2:1 exhibited lower emulsifying activity and stability compared to SPA alone, whereas ratios between 1:1 and 1:3 demonstrated significantly enhanced emulsifying performance. Mechanistic studies revealed that nanoparticle formation was primarily driven by electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding, as confirmed by ζ-potential and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analyses. Atomic force microscopy further indicated the structural encapsulation of SPA by SSPS. Among the tested ratios, the emulsions stabilized by CPs with a 1:1 ratio displayed the smallest droplet size, highest viscosity, and maximal free fatty acid release rate, alongside improved viscoelastic properties (G' and G″) and phase stability. However, higher SSPS ratios were associated with increased free radical content. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: These findings provide new insights into the role of mass ratios in modulating the functional properties of SPA-SSPS CPs and offer a promising strategy for developing high-performance Pickering emulsifiers in food and pharmaceutical applications.

Valorization of pineapple leaf waste into Fe-Modified biochar for efficient H2S adsorption.

Interaction of milk fat globule membrane protein with liposome and its influence on the physicochemical properties, structure, and lipid digestion of infant formula emulsions: Toward mimicking the human milk fat globule.

Conventional pesticide formulations often suffer from limitations such as large particle sizes, poor adhesion, and susceptibility to environmental losses through volatilization and drift, leading to low utilization efficiency and potential ecological risks. To address these challenges, we developed a novel composite hydrogel system (AZO@βASCa) through the integration of alkali lignin (AL), sodium alginate (SA), and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) via physical cross-linking and ion gelation. This system is designed for the efficient encapsulation and environmentally responsive release of the fungicide azoxystrobin (AZO). By systematically optimizing the mass ratio of SA to AL, we identified a 2:1 ratio as optimal, yielding a hydrogel with a uniform porous network structure, an impressive encapsulation efficiency of 94.99%, and a loading capacity of 24.75%. The AZO@βASCa hydrogel exhibited notable temperature-responsive release behavior and significantly enhanced photostability. Adhesion assessments revealed superior wetting and adhesion performance on both osmanthus and poplar leaves, characterized by lower contact angles, higher adhesion work, and resistance to runoff even at vertical inclination. In vitro and in vivo antifungal studies demonstrated that AZO@βASCa provided sustained inhibition of Botrytis cinerea, outperforming commercial AZO in long-term efficacy. Importantly, acute toxicity assays in zebrafish indicated that AZO@βASCa reduced toxicity by 4.77-fold compared to its commercial counterpart. This study successfully developed a highly efficient, low-toxicity, and environmentally friendly nanopesticide delivery system. This approach provides a viable material strategy and technical pathway for achieving pesticide reduction while enhancing efficacy, thereby advancing green and sustainable agriculture. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

Whether studying gravitational waves from extreme mass ratio inspirals or exploring the analogy between massless spin-particle waves, black hole perturbation theory proves indispensable. At the heart of developing a universal perturbation framework for such problems lies the challenge of formulating a coordinate-independent, unified wave equation that is universally applicable to any black hole spacetime.This paper resolves this central issue in type-D spacetimes by introducing a generating function H and establishing new definitions for the key spin coefficients. Specifically, the spin coefficients ρ, μ, τ, and π are redefined, respectively, as the directional derivatives of the logarithm of the generating function along the null tetrad (lμ , nμ , mμ , m̅μ ), and the field quantities are rescaled using H. It is thereby found that the field equations governing massless particles of spins 0, 1/2, 1, 3/2, and 2 in arbitrary type-D black hole spacetimes can all be described by a single, unified equation. This finding is particularly remarkable, as unifying these field equations is already a significant challenge in flat spacetime, let alone in the intricate spacetime around black holes.Consequently, this work will inevitably prompt a re-examination of the shared characteristics among various types of particles in black hole spacetimes. Meanwhile, we verify the correctness of the new definition for the spin coefficients, and provide the explicit form of the unified equation for nearly all known type-D black hole backgrounds. This lays a solid foundation not only for studying gravitational waves from extreme mass ratio inspirals but also for exploring the analogy between massless spin-particle waves in any type-D black hole background.

Dissection of crucial components of Chinese medicinal formula for COPD treatment by combining cell-based assays, animal studies, and lung organoid platforms.

Predicted Heart Mass Ratio Results in Increased Incidence of Successful Heart Size Match: A Comparison of Heart Size Matching Methods

Size Matters? Oversized Predicted Heart Mass Ratio is an Independent Protective Factor for Heart Transplant Outcomes

Impact of Low Donor/Recipient Predicted Heart Mass Ratio on PGD and Survival: A Report from the Organ Heart Perfusion Registry

This work examines potential links between lean tissue composition and prior occurrences of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) within a nationally representative cohort. This cross-sectional study included 1807 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2011-2018). GDM history was self-reported. Body composition was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Weighted multivariable logistic regression, adjusted for covariates, was used to assess the relationships between body composition distribution and GDM history. Nonlinear associations were evaluated using cubic spline functions, with subgroup and sensitivity analyses to assess robustness. The adjusted model revealed that a history of GDM was associated with higher android-to-gynoid lean mass ratio (AGLR), android lean mass index (ALMI), and android-to-gynoid fat ratio (AGFR). Multivariable restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis showed a significant linear association between AGLR, AGFR, and GDM history (nonlinearity p > 0.05), while ALMI demonstrated a nonlinear relationship (nonlinearity p < 0.05). These associations were significantly influenced by economic status and blood pressure levels (p < 0.05). Sensitivity analysis excluding participants whose last live birth occurred > 10 years ago yielded results consistent with the primary analysis. Higher AGLR, ALMI, and AGFR are associated with increased odds of a history of GDM, with AGLR showing the strongest correlation. These findings underscore the importance of incorporating GDM history and regional lean mass distribution into risk assessment.

Impact of Donor/Recipient Predicted Heart Mass Ratio on Outcomes in a Contemporary Heart Transplant Cohort

While massive stars are frequently found in triple architectures, the lack of observed parameter distributions has long remained a bottleneck for statistical models of their evolution. We bridge this gap by compiling the first representative set of physical and orbital distributions for main-sequence hierarchical massive triples. We present a homogeneous analysis of 26 O-type hierarchical triples identified in the SMaSH+ survey by combining spectroscopic data for inner binaries with interferometric and aperture masking detections of tertiary companions within ∼ 200 au. We derive the distributions of masses, mass ratios, and separations, and investigate their joint probability density functions. We assess the dynamical stability of these systems. We estimate the relative importance of secular processes by comparing the von Zeipel–Kozai–Lidov (ZKL) timescale to the general relativistic precession timescale for several systems with well-constrained orbital solutions. Finally, we evaluate the observational completeness and find no substantial detection bias for separations łesssim 100 au and mass ratios The sample is dominated by strongly hierarchical configurations, consisting primarily of tight inner spectroscopic binaries ( &gt;70 for most systems). We find no significant correlation between tertiary mass and either inner-binary mass or outer separation, indicating a broad diversity of system architectures. Ten systems (out of 26) host relatively massive tertiaries ( au) and wider tertiaries (frac a _ out a_ in especially at closer outer separations ( au). For two to four systems out of five with well-constrained orbits, general relativistic precession dominates over ZKL oscillations in their current configuration, although ZKL-driven migration may have contributed to the formation of the observed short-period inner binaries. These results provide the first observationally grounded distributions of key parameters for massive hierarchical triples and offer important constraints for population synthesis and evolutionary models, particularly regarding the role of tertiary companions in shaping binary evolution.

Characteristics of asymmetric microcrystalline solidification pellets and a better prediction for bioequiavailability based on solubility-permeability theory.

The booming global textile industry generates vast amounts of waste textiles, while traditional landfill and incineration strategies trigger serious environmental pollution and massive resource loss. To address this hurdle, we employed a cost-effective integrated technique of continuous opening-carding-needle punching coupled with hot pressing, which enabled the recycling of waste poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers into 3D nonwoven composite felts by blending with alginate and low-melting-point fibers. The effects of the fiber mass ratio, needle punching frequency, and density on the mechanical performance of the composite were systematically investigated. The resultant composite achieved a UL-94 V-0 rating in the vertical burning test, accompanied by decreased total heat release, suppressed smoke production, and limited toxic gas release upon combustion. In-depth analysis of pyrolysis volatile components, combustion residues, and their phase compositions further clarified the flame-retardant mechanism of gas dilution coupled with dense char layer encapsulation. This work offers a simple and sustainable route to recycle waste textiles, and the obtained composite possessed high-value performance, showing promising prospects as an advanced flame-retardant material for thermal protection scenarios like automotive interiors and household decorations.

In order to achieve the effective utilization of biomass ash (BA) as a potential cementitious component, the present work explores the influence of BA, employed as a supplementary cementitious material, on the properties of cement paste. Meanwhile, the mechanism by which various BA replacement levels affect the mechanical strength of cement paste is analyzed via a series of microscopic characterization techniques. In this experimental program, BA was applied as a silica-rich admixture, and cement paste specimens were manufactured by substituting Portland cement with BA at mass ratios ranging from 0% to 50%According to the macroscopic test results, the fluidity of the fresh paste exhibits a slight decreasing trend with the elevation of BA substitution content. In terms of strength development, an initial increasing trend is observed, followed by a gradual reduction, and the optimal overall performance is achieved at a 20% replacement level; under the water-to-binder ratio of 0.6, the 28-day compressive strength reaches 36.11MPa, showing a 29.6% increase compared with the control group (pure cement paste, 27.86MPa), and the strength remains above 95% of the control group even at a 30% replacement level. Microscopic analytical results verify that BA possesses noticeable pozzolanic reactivity and is capable of participating in partial hydration reactions. During the hydration procedure, the silica-bearing mineral phases in BA are incorporated into the silicate chains and interlayer structures of C-S-H gels. Furthermore, the relative content of silicate phases within C-S-H gels and their polymerization degree are both remarkably enhanced with increasing BA replacement ratios. The impact of BA content on the pore structure of cement paste differs under varying water-to-binder (w/b) ratios, among which gel pores and mesopores are identified as the dominant factors responsible for the evolution of the overall pore system.

Computational modelling of anion-substituted quantum dots reveals that controlled oxygen incorporation into CsInTiS₄ nanostructures induces profound modifications in electronic structure and optical response. Therefore, in our study, we examined 20% anion-site oxygen incorporation into CsInTiS4 (i.e., CsInTiS3.2O0.8 QDs) using methods based on density functional theory and dielectric function optical modelling. Our results regarding structural relaxation and simulated X-ray diffraction indicate that sulfur's substitution with oxygen induces lattice contraction and structural reorganization. This is accompanied by a change in the lattice symmetry from polar [Formula: see text] to centrosymmetric P2/m in the optimized geometry. CsInTiS₃.₂O₀.₈ exhibits a pronounced bandgap contraction from [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] in CsInTiS₄ to [Formula: see text], whilst the optical carrier concentration-to-effective mass ratio increases by [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]. Furthermore, it reveals a Wemple-DiDomenico dispersion energy of [Formula: see text], an oscillator strength of [Formula: see text], a static refractive index of [Formula: see text], and a high-frequency dielectric constant of [Formula: see text]. Moreover, carrier dynamics characterised by an ultrafast relaxation time of [Formula: see text] point to dominant scattering pathways intrinsic to the mixed-anion framework. These findings suggest that oxygen anion substitution plays a viable role in band structure engineering and light-matter interactions in a CsInTiS₄ parent lattice. Thus, the predicted narrow band gap, enhanced light-matter interaction, and oscillator strength make CsInTiS₃.₂O₀.₈ a strong candidate for infrared photodetection, tunable plasmonics, and third-order nonlinear photonics.

Enhanced stability of RPA-CRISPR-Cas12a system for respiratory pathogen detection using Trehalose-Carboxymethyl Chitosan Lyoprotectant.