Mass Profile Research Articles

Experimental study of erosion in heat exchangers immersed in fluidized beds

Fluidized beds can be used as solar energy receivers in beam-down concentrated solar power plants. The fact that solid particles can withstand temperatures over 1,000°C is promising because it would mean higher thermal efficiencies than conventional concentrated solar power plants (CSP, that use molten salts, whose maximum operating temperature is limited to about 560°C). Nonetheless, immersed heat exchangers are exposed to erosion because fluidized particles impinge on their surfaces. The multiple variables of a multiphase flow and the uncertainties of the material detachment process make erosion a complex problem that stills not fully solved.The aim of this study is to conceive an experimental procedure to measure erosion on cylindrical probes immersed in a lab-scale high temperature fluidized bed (able to operate up to 1,000°C and atmospheric pressure), simulating a tube of a heat exchanger in a fluidized bed working at expected temperatures in CSP applications.Preliminary results at ambient temperature are presented in this study. Silica sand particles were fluidized with air and erosion was measured on cylindrical probes made of aluminium 5027. Silica sand was characterized with a microscope before and after each test to determine its size distribution and shape. Several parameters (diameter, mass, and circumferential profile) of each probe were also studied before and after each test. Different fluidization velocities were implemented to assess the influence of the flow rate on erosion.

A self-similar model of galaxy formation and dark halo relaxation

We develop a spherical self-similar model for the formation of a galaxy through gas collapsing in an isolated self-gravitating dark matter halo. As is well known, the self-similarity assumption makes the problem eminently tractable by reducing it to a system of ordinary differential equations. We improve upon the existing literature on self-similar collapse in two ways. First, we include the effects of radiative cooling and the formation of a pseudo-disk at the center of collapse, in a parametrised manner. More importantly, we solve for the evolution of gas and dark matter simultaneously and self-consistently using a novel iterative approach. As a result, our model produces shell trajectories of both gas and dark matter that qualitatively agree with the results of full hydrodynamical simulations of self-gravitating systems. We discuss the impact of various ingredients such as the accretion rate, gas equation of state, disk radius and cooling rate amplitude on the evolution of the gas shells, although we leave the inclusion of stellar and black hole activity to future work. The self-consistent evolution of gas and dark matter allows us to study the response (or `quasi-adiabatic relaxation') of the dark matter trajectories to the presence of collapsing gas, an effect that has gained increasing importance recently in the context of precision estimates of small-scale statistics like the matter power spectrum. Our default configuration produces a relaxation relation in qualitative agreement with that seen in cosmological hydrodynamical simulations, and further allows us to easily study the impact of the model ingredients mentioned above. As an initial application, we vary one ingredient at a time and find that the accretion rate and gas equation of state have the largest impact on the relaxation relation, while the cooling amplitude plays only a minor role. Our model thus provides a convenient framework to rapidly explore the coupled nonlinear impact of multiple astrophysical processes on the mass and velocity profiles of dark matter in galactic halos, and consequently on observables such as rotation curves and gravitational lensing signals.

Influence of Dietary Probiotic and Alpha-Monolaurin on Performance, Egg Quality, Blood Constituents, and Egg Fatty Acids' Profile in Laying Hens.

This work was designed to evaluate the advantages of using multi-strain probiotics feed (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Clostridium butyricum) (PRO) and alpha-monolaurin (AML) on laying performance, criteria of egg quality, blood parameters, and yolk fatty acids' profile in laying hens. One hundred forty of Bovans brown laying hens at 45 weeks old (25th week of egg production) were randomly allocated into four groups, with seven replicates of five birds each in a complete randomized design. The first group was fed a basal diet without feed additives (0g/kg diet), and the second, third, and fourth groups received diets containing 1g PRO, 1g AML, and 1g PRO + 1g AML/kg diet, respectively. No significant impacts of PRO, AML, or their mixture on body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), or egg weight. Egg production, egg mass, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were enhanced by 1g PRO/kg and /or 1g AML/kg supplementation in laying hen diets. Furthermore, egg shape index, eggshell thickness, and yolk color were statistically higher by PRO and AML supplementation at 55 weeks. However, oviduct, infundibulum, and uterus weights were significantly decreased by 1g PRO or/and 1g AML. Additionally, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein (LDL), glucose, and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) levels were decreased by PRO and AML supplementation. In conclusion, it seems that dietary inclusion with 1g PRO/kg, 1g of AML/kg, and 1g PRO + 1g AML improved egg production, egg mass, FCR, and yolk fatty acids profile and lowered total cholesterol and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in laying hens.

The significant role of Darcy–Forchhiemer with integrated hybrid nanoparticles (Graphene and TiO 2) on dusty nanofluid flow subjected to heat conduction

The thermal analysis of two-phase models that deal with the fluid and dusty phases has been considered. This study instigates the flow of a non-miscible, dusty hybrid nanofluid over a stretching cylinder with Darcy–Forchheimer permeability in the presence of thermal radiation. The mathematical model is based on the single-phase nanofluid model, which features modified thermophysical characteristics. This innovative flow model explores how important it is to enhance the concentration of dust particles in fluid dynamics. Hybrid nanoparticles are substituted for nanoparticles in a conventional case to accelerate the heat transfer rate of the fluid. Therefore, in this study, the magnetohydrodynamic flow of hybrid nanofluids and heat transfer of non-Newtonian dusty fluids with suspensions of hybrid nanoparticles have been examined. The appropriate dimensionless variables are used to convert the governing periodic model into a non-dimensional form. The finite-difference-based bvp5c algorithm is used through Matlab for numerical analysis of the set of obtained ordinary differential equations. The graphs explored the influences of relatable factors over the profiles of mass, heat, and velocity transfers. It is observed that with intensifying values of Eckert number (Ec) and Biot number (Bi), the temperature of both phases increased at a significant level, and the velocity decreased with increasing intensity of the magnetic field. The computational results of velocity, core temperature, and intensity dispersion are significant for both aspects. Furthermore, it is observed that both the fluid and dust phases exhibit declining behavior as a result of the impact of porosity, mass concentration, and magnetism on the flow stream. Moreover, it is noticed that both the dust phase temperature θ p ( η ) and fluid phase temperature θ ( η ) intensified with the high intensity of magnetic field and thermal radiation. The missile nozzles, nuclear power plants for aerospace and gaseous-core nuclear rocket systems, and the radiation are considered for evaluating heating significance.

The Radial Orbits of Ram-pressure-stripped Galaxies in Clusters from the GASP Survey

We analyze a sample of 244 ram-pressure-stripped candidate galaxy members within the virial radius of 62 nearby clusters to determine their velocity anisotropy profile β(r). We use previously determined mass profiles for the 62 clusters to build an ensemble cluster by stacking the 62 cluster samples in projected phase space. We solve the Jeans equation for dynamical equilibrium by two methods, MAMPOSSt and the Jeans inversion technique, and determine β(r) both in parametric form and nonparametrically. The two methods consistently indicate that the orbits of the ram-pressure-stripped candidates are increasingly radial with distance from the cluster center, from almost isotropic (β ≃ 0) at the center, to very radial at the virial radius (β ≃ 0.7). The orbits of cluster galaxies undergoing ram pressure stripping are similar to those of spiral cluster galaxies but more radially elongated at large radii.

An improved Magellan weak lensing analysis of the galaxy cluster Abell 2744

We present a new weak lensing analysis of the Hubble Frontier Fields galaxy cluster Abell 2744 (z = 0.308) using new Magellan/MegaCam multi-band gri imaging data. We carried out our study by applying brand-new PSF and shape measurement software that allow the use of multi-band data simultaneously, which we first tested on Subaru/Suprime-Cam BRcz′ imaging data of the same cluster. The projected total mass of this system within 2.35 Mpc from the south-west BCG is (2.56 ± 0.26)×1015 M⊙, which makes Abell 2744 one of the most massive clusters known. This value is consistent, within the errors, with previous weak lensing and dynamical studies. Our analysis reveals the presence of three high-density substructures, thus supporting the picture of a complex merging scenario. This result is also confirmed by a comparison with a recent strong lensing study based on high-resolution JWST imaging. Moreover, our reconstructed total mass profile nicely agrees with an extrapolation of the strong lensing best-fit model up to several megaparsecs from the BCG centre.

Merger-tree-based Galaxy Matching: A Comparative Study across Different Resolutions

We introduce a novel halo/galaxy matching technique between two cosmological simulations with different resolutions, which utilizes the positions and masses of halos along their subhalo merger tree. With this tool, we conduct a study of resolution biases through the galaxy-by-galaxy inspection of a pair of simulations that have the same simulation configuration but different mass resolutions, utilizing a suite of IllustrisTNG simulations to assess the impact on galaxy properties. We find that, with the subgrid physics model calibrated for TNG100-1, subhalos in TNG100-1 (high resolution) have ≲0.5 dex higher stellar masses than their counterparts in the TNG100-2 (low resolution). It is also discovered that the subhalos with M gas ∼ 108.5 M ⊙ in TNG100-1 have ∼0.5 dex higher gas mass than those in TNG100-2. The mass profiles of the subhalos reveal that the dark matter masses of subhalos in TNG100-2 converge well with those from TNG100-1, except within 4 kpc of the resolution limit. The differences in stellar mass and hot gas mass are most pronounced in the central region. We exploit machine learning to build a correction mapping for the physical quantities of subhalos from low- to high-resolution simulations (TNG300-1 and TNG100-1), which enables us to find an efficient way to compile a high-resolution galaxy catalog even from a low-resolution simulation. Our tools can easily be applied to other large cosmological simulations, testing and mitigating the resolution biases of their numerical codes and subgrid physics models.

A Measurement of the Assembly of Milky Way Analogs at Redshifts 0.5 < z < 2 with Resolved Stellar Mass and Star Formation Rate Profiles

The resolved mass assembly of Milky Way–mass galaxies has been previously studied in simulations, the local Universe, and at higher redshifts using infrared (IR) light profiles. To better characterize the mass assembly of Milky Way analogs (MWAs), as well as their changes in star formation rate (SFR) and color gradients, we construct resolved stellar mass and SFR maps of MWA progenitors selected with abundance matching techniques up to z ∼2 using deep, multiwavelength imaging data from the Hubble Frontier Fields. Our results using stellar mass profiles agree well with previous studies that utilize IR light profiles, showing that the inner 2 kpc of the galaxies and the regions beyond 2 kpc exhibit similar rates of stellar mass growth. This indicates the progenitors of MWAs from z ∼ 2 to the present do not preferentially grow their bulges or their disks. The evolution of the SFR profiles indicates a greater decrease in SFR density in the inner regions versus the outer regions. Sérsic parameters indicate modest growth in the central regions at lower redshifts, perhaps indicating slight bulge growth. However, the Sérsic index does not rise above n ∼ 2 until z < 0.5, meaning these galaxies are still disk-dominated systems. We find that the half-mass radii of the MWA progenitors increase between 1.5 < z < 2, but remain constant at later epochs (z < 1.5). This implies mild bulge growth since z ∼ 2 in MWA progenitors, in line with previous MWA mass assembly studies.

Non-differentiable kernel-based approximation of memory-dependent derivative for drug delivery applications

Although memory-dependent derivative (MDD) has recently been the subject of extensive study, only one numerical approximation has been reported in the literature. Hence, this study introduces a novel approximation for MDD. Moreover, a new form of the kernel function is presented. The convergence order of our approximation is Oh3−S,0<S<1 , where (1−S) is the exponent of the kernel function. The proposed approach is used to numerically solve the memory-dependent advection-diffusion problem, and the numerical scheme's stability and convergence are discussed. Also, memory-based models have been described to study drug delivery and its diffusion from multi-layer capsules/tablets. These models are based on the fractional derivative and the MDD to solve the paradox of the unphysical feature of the infinite propagation speed of the published Fickian-based models. The theoretical analysis is validated with numerical examples by investigating the convergence order that is 3−S in time. To illustrate the validity and efficiency of the proposed models, profiles of concentration and drug mass are compared with the observed in vivo data. It is observed to be highly accurate and compatible with the in vivo data when compared with Fick's model.

Project Dinos I: A joint lensing–dynamics constraint on the deviation from the power law in the mass profile of massive ellipticals

ABSTRACT The mass distribution in massive elliptical galaxies encodes their evolutionary history, thus providing an avenue to constrain the baryonic astrophysics in their evolution. The power-law assumption for the radial mass profile in ellipticals has been sufficient to describe several observables to the noise level, including strong lensing and stellar dynamics. In this paper, we quantitatively constrained any deviation, or the lack thereof, from the power-law mass profile in massive ellipticals through joint lensing–dynamics analysis of a large statistical sample with 77 galaxy–galaxy lens systems. We performed an improved and uniform lens modelling of these systems from archival Hubble Space Telescope imaging using the automated lens modelling pipeline dolphin. We combined the lens model posteriors with the stellar dynamics to constrain the deviation from the power law after accounting for the line-of-sight lensing effects, a first for analyses on galaxy–galaxy lenses. We find that the Sloan Lens ACS Survey lens galaxies with a mean redshift of 0.2 are consistent with the power-law profile within 1.1σ (2.8σ) and the Strong Lensing Legacy Survey lens galaxies with a mean redshift of 0.6 are consistent within 0.8σ (2.1σ), for a spatially constant (Osipkov–Merritt) stellar anisotropy profile. We adopted the spatially constant anisotropy profile as our baseline choice based on previous dynamical observables of local ellipticals. However, spatially resolved stellar kinematics of lens galaxies are necessary to differentiate between the two anisotropy models. Future studies will use our lens models to constrain the mass distribution individually in the dark matter and baryonic components.

O-GlcNAcylation regulates long-chain fatty acid metabolism by inhibiting ACOX1 ubiquitination-dependent degradation

BackgroundCold as a common environmental stress, causes increased heat production, accelerated metabolism and even affects its production performance. How to improve the adaptability of the animal organism to cold has been an urgent problem. As a key hub of lipid metabolism, the liver can regulate lipid metabolism to maintain energy balance, and O-GlcNAcylation is a kind of important PTMs, which participates in a variety of signaling and mechanism regulation, and at the same time, is very sensitive to changes in stress and nutritional levels, and is the body's “stress receptors” and “nutrient receptors”. Therefore, the aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of cold-induced O-GlcNAcylation on hepatic lipid metabolism, and to explore the potential connection between O-GlcNAcylation and hepatic lipid metabolism. MethodsTo investigate the loss of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) and the precise impacts of additional cold-induced circumstances on liver mass, shape, and metabolic profile, C57 mice were used as an animal model. Using the protein interactions approach, the mechanism of O-GlcNAcylation, as well as the degradation pathway of acyl-Coenzyme A oxidase 1 (ACOX1), were clarified. Additional in vitro analyses of oleic acid (OA) and OGT inhibitor tetraoxan (Alloxan) (Sigma, 2244-11-3) on lipid breakdown in AML-12 cells. ResultsIn C57BL/6 mice, deletion of O-GlcNAcylation disrupted lipid metabolism, caused hepatic edema and fibrosis, and altered mitochondrial apoptosis. This group of modifications was made worse by cold induction. The accumulation of medium- and long-chain fatty acids is a hallmark of lipolysis, which is accelerated by the deletion of O-GlcNAcylation, whereas lipid synthesis is slowed down. The association between ACOX1 and OGT at the K48 gene precludes ubiquitinated degradation.

Chemical reaction effect across the moving flat plate with heat generation and MHD flow of Maxwell fluid with viscous dissipation

In this paper, the investigation centered on examining a Maxwell fluid’s convective double diffusive flow carefully considers factors such as chemical reactions, radiation, and the presence of a permeable moving flat plate. Additionally, the study encompassed the effects of heat generation and magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). The governing equations, initially expressed as partial differential equations, were converted into ordinary differential equations using a similarity transformation technique to facilitate the analysis. The computational power of MATLAB’s BVP4C software was harnessed to solve this resultant system of ODEs efficiently. The outcomes of this investigation were presented in the form of graphical representations that vividly depicted the behavior of the flow field, energy conservation, and concentration profiles under various parameter combinations. The research findings were thoughtfully summarized in a table, offering a comprehensive overview of temperature, velocity, and mass profiles across various parameters. These parameters included the Deborah number, chemical reaction rate, Eckert number, Lewis number, Prandtl number, porosity parameter, and MHD parameter. A notable discovery emerging from this study was the inverse relationship observed between nondimensional concentration contours and the magnitude of the chemical reaction rate. Simultaneously, it was observed that higher values of the Maxwell fluid led to a rise in the thickness of the temperature boundary layer. These findings offer valuable insights into the intricate interplay of physical and chemical phenomena in convective flows involving complex fluid properties and boundary conditions. The temperature outline diminishes as the heat generation rate increases, while the concentration profile declines with an elevation in the chemical reaction rate.

Numerical simulation on the MHD time-dependent Williamson nanofluid flow with cross diffusion and heat generation/absorption over a stretching plate

This novel study unfolds the heat and mass transfer investigation of Williamson nanofluid (WNF) through a porous medium past a stretching plate, along with considering heat generation/absorption. Nanoparticles hold significant significance in thermal engineering, industrial operations, and biomedical advancements, contributing to enhanced heat transfer, cooling mechanisms, thermal extrusion processes, and applications in cancer treatment, particularly in addressing brain tumors. The coupled ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are gained from governing partial differential equations (PDEs) by applying sufficient transformations. Then the ODEs of a nonlinear nature, along with boundary conditions, are solved through bvp4c, a built-in MATLAB program. A good agreement has been found in comparing the present study with already published papers. Numerical values for skin friction, mass transfer, and heat transfer are shown through a table against involved physical parameters, especially for both injection [Formula: see text] and suction [Formula: see text] cases, by varying the values of unsteadiness parameter A and Weissenberg number [Formula: see text]. The effects of the physical parameters on velocity, temperature, and mass profile are graphically depicted and illustrated minutely. It is noted that both the magnetic and Williamson parameters cause the thickness of the boundary layer to be reduced. It can be deduced from these findings that the rate of heat transfer over the surface of the plate decreases as the unsteadiness parameter increases. Furthermore, it is observed that an increase in the parameters of thermophoresis and Brownian motion leads to a higher temperature of the nanofluid.

Surface Topography, Microbial Adhesion, and Immune Responses in Silicone Mammary Implant-Associated Capsular Fibrosis.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women globally, often necessitating mastectomy and subsequent breast reconstruction. Silicone mammary implants (SMIs) play a pivotal role in breast reconstruction, yet their interaction with the host immune system and microbiome remains poorly understood. This study investigates the impact of SMI surface topography on host antimicrobial responses, wound proteome dynamics, and microbial colonization. Biological samples were collected from ten human patients undergoing breast reconstruction with SMIs. Mass spectrometry profiles were analyzed for acute and chronic wound proteomes, revealing a nuanced interplay between topography and antimicrobial response proteins. 16S rRNA sequencing assessed microbiome dynamics, unveiling topography-specific variations in microbial composition. Surface topography alterations influenced wound proteome composition. Microbiome analysis revealed heightened diversity around rougher SMIs, emphasizing topography-dependent microbial invasion. In vitro experiments confirmed staphylococcal adhesion, growth, and biofilm formation on SMI surfaces, with increased texture correlating positively with bacterial colonization. This comprehensive investigation highlights the intricate interplay between SMI topography, wound proteome dynamics, and microbial transmission. The findings contribute to understanding host-microbe interactions on SMI surfaces, essential for optimizing clinical applications and minimizing complications in breast reconstruction.

A prototype scintillator real-time beam monitor for ultra-high dose rate radiotherapy.

FLASH Radiotherapy (RT) is an emergent cancer RT modality where an entire therapeutic dose is delivered at more than 1000 times higher dose rate than conventional RT. For clinical trials to be conducted safely, a precise and fast beam monitor that can generate out-of-tolerance beam interrupts is required. This paper describes the overall concept and provides results from a prototype ultra-fast, scintillator-based beam monitor for both proton and electron beam FLASH applications. A FLASH Beam Scintillator Monitor (FBSM) is being developed that employs a novel proprietary scintillator material. The FBSM has capabilities that conventional RT detector technologies are unable to simultaneously provide: (1) large area coverage; (2) a low mass profile; (3) a linear response over a broad dynamic range; (4) radiation hardness; (5) real-time analysis to provide an IEC-compliant fast beam-interrupt signal based on true two-dimensional beam imaging, radiation dosimetry and excellent spatial resolution. The FBSM uses a proprietary low mass, less than 0.5mm water equivalent, non-hygroscopic, radiation tolerant scintillator material (designated HM: hybrid material) that is viewed by high frame rate CMOS cameras. Folded optics using mirrors enable a thin monitor profile of ∼10cm. A field programmable gate array (FPGA) data acquisition system generates real-time analysis on a time scale appropriate to the FLASH RT beam modality: 100-1000Hz for pulsed electrons and 10-20kHz for quasi-continuous scanning proton pencil beams. An ion beam monitor served as the initial development platform for this work and was tested in low energy heavy-ion beams (86Kr+26 and protons). A prototype FBSM was fabricated and then tested in various radiation beams that included FLASH level dose per pulse electron beams, and a hospital RT clinic with electron beams. Results presented in this report include image quality, response linearity, radiation hardness, spatial resolution, and real-time data processing. The HM scintillator was found to be highly radiation damage resistant. It exhibited a small 0.025%/kGy signal decrease from a 216 kGy cumulative dose resulting from continuous exposure for 15 min at a FLASH compatible dose rate of 237Gy/s. Measurements of the signal amplitude versus beam fluence demonstrate linear response of the FBSM at FLASH compatible dose rates of >40Gy/s. Comparison with commercial Gafchromic film indicates that the FBSM produces a high resolution 2D beam image and can reproduce a nearly identical beam profile, including primary beam tails. The spatial resolution was measured at 35-40µm. Tests of the firmware beta version show successful operation at 20000Hz frame rate or 50 µs/frame, where the real-time analysis of the beam parameters is achieved in less than 1 µs. The FBSM is designed to provide real-time beam profile monitoring over a large active area without significantly degrading the beam quality. A prototype device has been staged in particle beams at currents of single particles up to FLASH level dose rates, using both continuous ion beams and pulsed electron beams. Using a novel scintillator, beam profiling has been demonstrated for currents extending from single particles to 10 nA currents. Radiation damage is minimal and even under FLASH conditions would require ≥50 kGy of accumulated exposure in a single spot to result in a 1% decrease in signal output. Beam imaging is comparable to radiochromic films, and provides immediate images without hours of processing. Real-time data processing, taking less than 50 µs (combined data transfer and analysis times), has been implemented in firmware for 20kHz frame rates for continuous proton beams.

Detecting the edges of galaxies with deep learning

Galaxy edges or truncations are low-surface-brightness (LSB) features located in the galaxy outskirts that delimit the distance up to where the gas density enables efficient star formation. As such, they could be interpreted as a non-arbitrary means to determine the galaxy size and this is also reinforced by the smaller scatter in the galaxy mass-size relation when comparing them with other size proxies. However, there are several problems attached to this novel metric, namely, the access to deep imaging and the need to contrast the surface brightness, color, and mass profiles to derive the edge position. While the first hurdle is already overcome by new ultra-deep galaxy observations, we hereby propose the use of machine learning (ML) algorithms to determine the position of these features for very large datasets. We compare the semantic segmentation by our deep learning (DL) models with the results obtained by humans for HST observations of a sample of 1052 massive (Mstellar &gt; 1010 M⊙) galaxies at z &lt; 1. In addition, the concept of astronomic augmentations is introduced to endow the inputs of the networks with a physical meaning. Our findings suggest that similar performances than humans could be routinely achieved, although in the majority of cases, the best results are obtained by combining (with a pixel-by-pixel democratic vote) the output of several neural networks using ensemble learning. Additionally, we find that using edge-aware loss functions allows for the networks to focus their optimization on the galaxy boundaries and, therefore, to provide estimates that are much more sensitive to the presence of neighboring bodies that may affect the shape of the truncation. The experiments reveal a great similarity between the semantic segmentation performed by the AI compared to the human model. For the best model, an average dice of 0.8969 is achieved, while an average dice of 0.9104 is reached by the best ensemble, where the dice coefficient represents the harmonic mean between the precision and the recall. This methodology will be profusely used in future datasets, such as that of Euclid, to derive scaling relations that are expected to closely follow the galaxy mass assembly. We also offer to the community our DL algorithms in the author's github repository.

Effects of a chronotype-adapted diet on weight loss, cardiometabolic health, and gut microbiota: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundObesity and its associated health complications have become a global public health concern, necessitating innovative approaches to weight management. One emerging area of research focuses on the influence of chronotype, an individual’s preferred timing for daily activities, on eating habits, weight regulation, and metabolic health. Recent observational studies suggest that the misalignment between an individual’s chronotype and external cues, such as meal timing, may contribute to metabolic dysregulation and obesity, but evidence from intervention studies is still limited. This study protocol describes a randomized controlled trial designed to explore the effects of a chronotype-adapted diet, compared with a diet with a conventional calorie distribution, on weight loss, cardiometabolic health, and gut microbiota composition.MethodsA total of 150 overweight/obese adults will be recruited for this 4-month parallel-group, randomized, two-arm, open-label, superiority trial with 1:1 allocation ratio. Participants will be randomly assigned to either the intervention group or the control group. The intervention group will receive a low-calorie chronotype-adapted diet with a calorie distribution adapted to the individual chronotype (morning or evening), optimizing meal timing according to their peak metabolic periods. The control group will follow a standardized low-calorie healthy eating plan without considering chronotype. Both diets will have equivalent daily calorie content, adjusted according to gender and starting weight. Anthropometric measurements, body composition, blood, and fecal samples will be obtained from each participant at the beginning and the end of the study. The primary outcome is weight change from baseline. Secondary outcomes are changes from baseline in body mass index (BMI), fat mass, lipid and glycemic profile, fecal microbiota profile, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs).DiscussionThe results of this randomized controlled trial have the potential to advance our understanding of the complex interactions between chronotype, diet, body weight, and health outcomes. By providing evidence for personalized dietary interventions based on individuals’ circadian preferences, this research could offer insights into personalized nutrition strategies. Such knowledge could guide the development of innovative dietary interventions to optimize the prevention and management of overweight and obesity, while also improving the risk profile of these individuals.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT05941871. Registered on 18 May 2023.

Transformer oil‐based Casson ternary hybrid nanofluid flow configured by a porous rotating disk with hall current

AbstractThe present work examines the 3D, incompressible, magnetohydrodynamic, mixed convective, and Darcy‐Forchheimer Casson /transformer oil ternary hybrid nanofluid flow configured by a porous rotatory disk. This research work takes into account the influences of hall current, thermophoresis, heat absorption/generation, Brownian motion, joule heating, chemical reaction, thermal radiation, activation energy, and velocity slip condition. The administrative partial differential equations (PDEs) that expound the problem are modified into a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by imposing a similarity conversion, which is further solved numerically by adapting the worthy bvp4c scheme. The velocity, thermal, and mass profiles are delineated through graphs, and the features of skin friction coefficient, heat, and mass transmission are also explicated thoroughly via tables. One significant observation of this research is that the Casson parameter weakens transversal velocity whereas a reverse tendency is noticed against the radial velocity. Our obtained outputs affirm that Casson ternary hybrid nanofluid has respectively 10.93 % and 8.86% higher heat deliverance rate when compared to Casson nanofluid and Casson hybrid nanofluid. Besides, the Casson ternary hybrid nanofluid has respectively 33.68 % and 27.52% higher mass deliverance rate when compared to the Casson nanofluid and Casson hybrid nanofluid. Also, the sturdy values of the Casson parameter lessen the skin friction coefficient. The inferences derived from our research may advantageously be used in rotating types of machinery, medical equipment, gas turbine rotators, etc.

Further insights into mixed convective boundary layer flows of internally heated Jeffery nanofluids: Stefan's blowing case study with convective heating and thermal radiation impressions

Motivating by the importance of viscoelastic nanofluids in the nanotechnological and biomedical fields, the current analysis intends mainly to examine the aspects of 2D steady Jeffery nanofluid flows near a vertically elongating surface, in the case where the thermal radiation affects linearly on the driven viscoelastic nanofluid flows with the effective thermal contribution of a non-uniform internal heat source. By invoking Buongiorno's model together with the convective heating and Stefan blowing conditions, the leading boundary layer differential formulation is achieved successfully based on reasonable hypotheses. Moreover, the corresponding solutions are computed numerically using BVP4C's method. In this respect, BVP4C's outcomes reveal that the convective heating and Stefan blowing mechanisms exhibit both an upsurging tendency towards the thermal and mass profiles. On the other hand, a declining impression is witnessed for Sherwood's number when strengthening these processes, whilst a dissimilar impression is seen for Nusselt's number. Furthermore, the involved rheological parameters exhibit reverse dynamical and frictional sways on the viscoelastic nanofluid motion.

Blood volume phenotypes and patient sex in resistant hypertension.

The relationship of blood volume (BV) to systemic blood pressure (BP) is not well defined in resistant hypertension (RH). The goal of this study was to examine the extent to which systemic BP stratified by patient sex would impact BV phenotypes. A retrospective analysis of clinical and quantitative BV data was undertaken in a cohort of ambulatory patients with a history of controlled and uncontrolled RH. We analyzed 253 unique BVs with 54% of patients above goal BP of <150 mmHg. BV phenotypes were highly variable but no correlation of systolic BP to absolute BV or percentage deviation from normal volume was identified in either sex. Males demonstrated overall larger absolute BVs with higher prevalence of large plasma volume (PV) expansion; females were overall more hypovolemic by total BV but with a higher frequency of normal PV than males. Females trended towards more RBC mass deficit (true anemia) (49% vs. 38%. P = 0.084) while more males demonstrated RBC mass excess (erythrocythemia) (21% vs. 11%, P = 0.029). Importantly, a significant portion (52%) of patients with true anemia identified by BVA would go undetected by hemoglobin measurement alone. BV phenotypes are highly diverse in patients with RH. However, absolute BV or variability in BV phenotypes even when stratified by patient sex did not demonstrate an association with systemic BP. BV phenotyping provides a key to optimizing clinical management by identifying RBC mass profiles particularly distinguishing true anemia, dilutional anemia, and erythrocythemia and the contribution of PV expansion. Findings support the clinical utility of BV phenotyping in RH.