Mass Formula Research Articles

Metabolic profiling of chrysotoxine: structural elucidation of phase I metabolites and reactive intermediate identification by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.

Abstract The isovector distribution of thousands of products of electric dipole (E1) matrix elements connecting the ground and first excited states through virtual excitations in the giant dipole resonance (GDR) region is presented for the first time in sd shell nuclei from 1hω shellmodel calculations. A smaller nuclear dipole polarizability for the first excited level with respect to the ground state arises from the destructive contribution of off-diagonal E1 matrix elements. This results in a larger symmetry energy consistent with data from GDRs built on excited states of heavier nuclei at temperatures of 0.5 ⪅ T ⪅ 1 MeV and previous calculations of the temperature dependence of the symmetry energy in medium-mass nuclei within the quasiparticle random phase approximation and the shell-model Monte Carlo. The corresponding reduction of the binding energy in the Bethe-Weizsäcker semi-empirical mass formula yields a drop of radiative neutron capture rates and the shift of the neutron drip line towards the line of stability; in turn, providing a plausible explanation for the origin of the universality of elemental abundances by sharply constraining the reaction network flow for r-process nucleosynthesis.

Let p be a prime number and m be a positive integer. In this paper, we investigate cyclic codes of length n over the local non-Frobenius ring R=GR(p2,m)[u], where u2=0 and pu=0. We first determine the algebraic structure of cyclic codes of arbitrary length n. For the case gcd(n,p)=1, we explicitly describe the generators of cyclic codes over R. Moreover, we establish necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of self-dual and LCD codes, together with their enumeration. Several illustrative examples and tables are presented, highlighting the mass formula for cyclic self-orthogonal codes, cyclic LCD codes, and families of new cyclic codes that arise from our results.

Ovarian cystadenoma (OC) is a common benign tumor in women. Wang's formula for gynecological masses (WGM), a patented traditional Chinese medicine, was reported to have therapeutic potential for OC. Here, we explored the pharmacological effects of WGM on treating OC via network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations. The active ingredients in WGM and their putative targets were acquired from the TCMSP and BATMAN-TCM platforms. The known therapeutic targets of OC were obtained from the DrugBank, OMIM, and GeneCards databases. GO and KEGG analyses of the overlapping targets were performed via the DAVID database. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were conducted to evaluate the binding efficacy of the chemical ingredients to the core targets. In total, 287 chemicals in WGM may relieve OC by targeting 134 genes involved in malignant tumors, endocrine resistance, and oxidative stress, of which ERBB2, ESR1, and AKT1 play vital roles. Molecular docking revealed stable binding energies of the receptors to the ligands, which bond via electrostatic interactions and van der Waals interactions in MD simulations. The in silico bioinformatics analysis revealed the mechanisms of WGM treatment for OC. More pharmacological evidence of WGM treatment for OC, such as in vivo and clinical studies, is needed before WGM can benefit more patients.

Cyclosiloxane artifacts explain reported Henry's law constants for nonvolatile fluorotelomer sulfonates.

Shell effect plays an important role in nuclear mass predictions, especially for the nuclei around the magic numbers. In this study, a new semi-empirical shell correction term is constructed to improve the mass description of the Bethe-Weizsäcker (BW) formula. For nuclei with , the root mean square (rms) deviation of the newly proposed formula with respect to the latest nuclear mass evaluation dataset AME2020 is 0.887 MeV, inducing a 72.23% reduction compared to the rms deviation of 3.194 MeV for the BW formula. The deviations between the theoretical predictions and experimental data are within 1.5 MeV for 91.90% of the nuclei. In addition, the new mass formula significantly improves the predictions of the binding energies for magic nuclei. The rms deviation of our formula for the binding energy of magic nuclei is only 1.065 MeV, which is a 80.80 reduction compared with that of the BW formula.

The research presents the results of the creation of an intellectualized information technology for predictive analysis of the reliability of text information messages, formed on the basis of concepts and tools of fuzzy logic. The use of the fuzzy set apparatus makes it possible to take into account the semantic ambiguity inherent in a natural language, as well as to formalize qualitative expert assessments by using linguistic variables, fuzzy term-sets and a rule base of the “if-then” type. This provides the possibility of creating adaptive decision-making models in conditions of incompleteness, inconsistency and subjectivity of input information. The developed technology includes fuzzification of input characteristics of texts, aggregation of expert judgments, construction of a system of fuzzy rules for assessing the reliability level and defuzzification of the obtained results. A concept is implemented that allows for a predictive assessment of the veracity of data even before their potential appearance in the information space. Within the framework of the proposed approach, a structured information database is formed, which establishes a relationship between the input variables, their linguistic nature, permissible ranges of values of the universal term-set, as well as clearly defined linguistic terms used for qualitative interpretation of parameters. Based on the performed structuring of linguistic variables of the studied process, a method of logical inference is developed, which represents a multi-level hierarchy of relationships between database components and determines the algorithm for calculating the message reliability indicator. The method is based on a knowledge matrix, leading to the construction of fuzzy logical equations, which provide the calculation of normalized values of membership functions of linguistic variables at the division points of the universal set. The result is the defuzzification of the fuzzy set “the indicator of the reliability level of text information messages” and the calculation of its value using the centre of mass formula, taking into account the input data. As a result of the study, a structural model of the information technology component of assessing the veracity of news content is developed.

Abstract A spin and angular momentum dependent version of a mass formula for mesons and baryons is derived by relating the eigenvalue solutions of Heim’s quantum field theory, which reproduce the results of Mac Gregor’s phenomenological model of particle masses, and which are compatible with the existence of magnetic charge, to the interaction energy of a quark/dyon model with magnetic charge. To do this, Schwinger’s ’magnetic model of matter’ is expanded by assuming that its dyons are constituent quarks with a magnetic charge distribution, and thus with magnetic dipole moments and currents. The derived strong interaction energy reproduces the known Breit–Fermi potential, but also provides a Zeeman–/Paschen–Back-like term which can describe respective patterns especially in the mass spectrum of the isoscalar mesons. Based on the non-linear quantum field theory, whose poly-metric approach merges with General Relativity in the macroscopic limit, the model “explains” the masses of the charged leptons, heavy bosons and hadrons – and for the latter, composed in the dyon model, now in an angular momentum dependent form.

Background: Broccoli is a cruciferous vegetable rich in bioactive compounds that may be beneficial against inflammatory bowel disease. However, an in-depth annotation and understanding of the metabolites and microbial interactions associated with the broccoli sprouts diet is necessary. Methods: Specific pathogen-free C57BL/6 mice (male, 6 weeks old) were divided into four treatments: control diet; control diet with 2.5% DSS in water to induce symptoms of ulcerative colitis; 90% control diet plus 10% steamed broccoli sprouts; and 90% control diet/ 10% steamed broccoli sprouts plus 2.5% DSS in drinking water to induce symptoms. DSS treatment was cycled three times, with five days of DSS followed by a recovery period of five days. Mice continued their diets throughout the duration of the study. Fecal samples were collected on day 30 and frozen at -80℃ until metabolomic analysis. Liquid chromatography, conducted using high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) was performed using a Waters Synapt G2, time-of-flight (TOF) XEVO. The LCMS metadata was processed in MassLynx, Progenesis QI, mzMine, and Sirius tools. This included the use of built-in search engines to obtain retention time, mass charge ratio, molecular weight, peak intensity, metabolites name, and formula using several libraries. Results: Over 3,000 fecal metabolites were abundant in the feces of mice, with diet being a significant factor of differentiation (+/- steamed broccoli sprouts) and ulcerative colitis (+/- 2.5% DSS) treatment methods. The steamed broccoli sprouts intervention significantly increased the concentrations of beneficial metabolites, such as sulforaphane, short-chain fatty acids, tryptophan, indoles, glutamic acid, and polyphenolic metabolites. A positive correlation with commensal bacteria, Bacteroides spp., Intestinimonas, Oscillibacter, and Lachnospiraceae was found in the gut's colon, colon, cecal, and jejunum regions, and jejunum regions. Novelty: This study used innovative metabolomic methods to identify dietary and microbial anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, prebiotic, and gut-protective metabolites associated with diets including steamed broccoli sprouts. The research concluded that the diet was effective against ulcerative colitis in mice. Conclusions: These data suggest that broccoli sprouts may positively affect metabolites and microbial interactions. These benefits include their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and gut-protective properties that help with inflammatory bowel disease symptoms. Keywords: cruciferous vegetables, sulforaphane, glucoraphanin, gut microbiota, dietary bioactives, metabolomics, ulcerative colitis model

Adjoint L-value as a period integral and the mass formula of Siegel–Shimura

Abstract We measured the production cross sections and momentum distributions of proton-rich radioactive isotopes (RIs) whose atomic numbers were 18–37. These isotopes were produced by the projectile fragmentation of a 345-MeV/nucleon $^{78}$Kr beam impinged on a 5-mm Be target. The cross sections close to the stability region were reproduced fairly well by the semi-empirical formulas, EPAX3.1a and FRACS1.1. However, these formulas tend to overestimate the cross sections of the RIs near the proton drip line, sometimes by as much as 100-fold. The Abrasion–Ablation model in the LISE$^{++}$ package was employed, using different mass table variations, to describe the experimental results in this region. The best agreement was achieved when the Weizsäcker-Skyrme microscopic-macroscopic mass formula (WS4$_{\mathrm{RBF}}$) and a version of the nonrelativistic Hartree–Fock–Bogoliubov mass model (HFB22) were used. The momentum distribution was represented well by an asymmetric Gaussian distribution. The width of the high-momentum side of the distribution was reproduced fairly well by the Goldhaber model, whereas the width of the low-momentum side was 1.1 times larger than that of the high-momentum side. Moreover, an exponential-shaped low-momentum tail was observed, which began from a height of approximately 1/100–1/1000 of the momentum peak. The momentum means were not reproduced well by Morrissey’s empirical formula: additional velocity loss to the formula was observed. The yield of $^{68}$Br was smaller than the expected yield, as estimated from the yield systematics of its neighboring RIs. Assuming an in-flight decay in the separator, the half-life of $^{68}$Br was estimated to be $105^{+62}_{-25}$ ns.

Theoretical predictions of nuclear binding energy using a semi-empirical mass formula (SEMF): Five terms of SEMF–5T

Abstract We test a novel method for estimating black hole masses (M BH) in obscured active galactic nuclei (AGN) that uses proxies to measure the FWHM of broad Hα (FWHMbHα ) and the accretion disk luminosity at 5100 Å (λL 5100 Å). Using a published correlation, we estimate FWHMbHα from the narrow optical emission line ratio L [O iii]/L nHβ . Using a sample of 99 local obscured AGN from the Swift Burst Alert Telescope AGN Spectroscopic Survey (BASS), we assess the agreement between estimating λL 5100 Å from the intrinsic 2 to 10 keV X-ray luminosity and from narrow optical emission lines. We find a mean offset of 0.32 ± 0.68 dex between these methods, which propagates to a factor of ∼2 uncertainty when estimating M BH using a virial mass formula where L [O iii]/L nHβ serves as a proxy of FWHMbHα (M BH,[O iii]/nHβ ). We compare M BH,[O iii]/nHβ with virial M BH measurements from broad Paschen emission lines. For the 14 (12) BASS AGN with broad Paα (Paβ) detections, we find M BH,[O iii]/nHβ to be systematically higher than M BH,Paα (M BH,Paβ ) by a factor of 0.39 ± 0.44 dex (0.48 ± 0.51 dex). Since these offsets are within the scatter, more data are needed to assess whether M BH,[O iii]/nHβ is biased high. For 151 BASS AGN with measured stellar velocity dispersions (σ *), we find that the σ *-derived M BH agrees with M BH,[O iii]/nHβ to within 0.08 dex, albeit with wide scatter (0.74 dex). The method tested here can provide estimates of M BH in thousands of obscured AGN in spectroscopic surveys when other diagnostics are not available, though with an uncertainty of ∼3–5.

The nuclear ground-state properties of Sm isotopes are calculated and analyzed using an improved mass formula. The asymmetric energy term is consistently observed, separated into a volume and surface component. While distinctive signatures for certain isotopes remain elusive, the results show reasonable agreement with experimental data and well-established theoretical models such as the Relativistic-Continuum-Hartree-Bogoliubov (RCHB) and the Finite Range Droplet Model (FRDM). By utilizing a root-mean-square (rms) charge radius formula that incorporates both shell and deformation effects, the study provides new insights into the anomalous shifts observed in magic isotopes (N=82, N=126), as well as in N=92, 136, and 144 within the isotopic series of the "Sm" element.

In the article, the author presented his original explanation for the origin of small masses of mysterious neutrino particles. A formula for neutrino masses was obtained for the moment of their birth, using results for the neutrino charge radius, received by several theoretical groups, and the masses of three types are calculated. The paper assumes that the main contribution to the neutrino mass (2/3) comes from their small electrostatic energy.

HRMS-Viewer: Software for High Resolution Mass Spectrometry Formula Assignment and Data Visualization.

Chiral effective theory of light diquarks is revisited. We construct an effective Lagrangian based on the linear representation of three-flavor chiral symmetry. Here, we focus on the effect of a chiral and U(1)A symmetric term originated from an eight-point quark interaction. From this model, we obtain the mass formulas of scalar, pseudoscalar, vector, and axial-vector diquarks, which also describe the dependence of diquark masses on the spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking and the U(1)A anomaly. We regard singly heavy baryons as two-body systems composed of one heavy quark and one diquark and then predict the fate of the mass spectrum and the strong decay widths under chiral symmetry restoration. Published by the American Physical Society 2025

Masses and Magnetic Moments of Singly Heavy Pentaquarks using the Gursey-Radicati Mass Formula, Effective Mass, and Screened Charge Scheme

Abstract Based on the fluid motion equation, the finite element equation of the dam-reservoir water coupling system was established to calculate the dynamic response between the compressible reservoir water and the face rockfill dam, the dynamic response was compared with the dynamic response calculated by the Westergaard added mass formula, and the compressible and incompressible calculation results of the reservoir water were discussed. The results show that the failure of the panel tensile stress to exceed the standard will affect the overall anti-seepage safety of the reservoir basin. Although the dynamic response calculated by the Westergaard formula has little effect on the absolute acceleration and maximum dynamic displacement, it underestimates the influence of hydrodynamic pressure, and the calculated static and dynamic superimposed tensile stress along the slope is smaller. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the dam-reservoir water hydrodynamic interaction when the face rockfill dam of the anti-seepage reservoir basin is subjected to seismic analysis. In addition, the hydrodynamic pressure distribution when the water body is compressible is similar to when the water body is incompressible and only increases in numbers.

We study the Siegel modular variety A g ⊗ F ¯ p \mathscr {A}_g\otimes \overline {\mathbb {F}}_p of genus g g and its supersingular locus S g \mathscr {S}_g . As our main result we determine precisely when S g \mathscr {S}_g is irreducible, and we list all x x in A g ⊗ F ¯ p \mathscr {A}_g\otimes \overline {\mathbb {F}}_p for which the corresponding central leaf C ( x ) \mathscr {C}(x) consists of one point, that is, for which x x corresponds to a polarised abelian variety which is uniquely determined by its associated polarised p p -divisible group. The first problem translates to a class number one problem for quaternion Hermitian lattices. The second problem also translates to a class number one problem, whose solution involves mass formulae, automorphism groups, and a careful analysis of Ekedahl-Oort strata in genus g = 4 g=4 .