Mass Density Values Research Articles

Estimate Mass Density Value as A Priori Information for Gravity by using Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)

<p class="Abstract">In the gravity method, information about mass density value is very important because it will influence the characteristic of the 1-D gravity acceleration graph. However, it is quite difficult to guess the mass density value so that is suitable to the 1-D acceleration graph. This is called “a priori” information. Trial and error way is one way to solve this problem. It is a very random value guess also. To make sure that the initial guess of mass density is a good parameter, Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) can be used. It generates many possibilities from the guess value and then these possibilities will be selected to the best one by likelihood way. The validation is expressed by the random graph as a consequence of the iteration number step of the possibilities. This research is started by using certain values of mass density to create a synthetic model for the field data in Banggai Sula because the area has a complex geology. The synthetic model is used because the gravity forward modelling equation has the sinusoidal form. After Bayesian MCMC is applied to the initial mass density value, it will produce a new mass density value or the estimation value with its response to the 1-D gravity acceleration synthetic graph. Finally, this information will be very useful to create the 2D or 3D inverse modelling in Gravity.</p>

TOI-1685 b Is a Hot Rocky Super-Earth: Updates to the Stellar and Planet Parameters of a Popular JWST Cycle 2 Target

We present an updated characterization of the TOI-1685 planetary system, which consists of a P b = 0.69 day ultra-short-period super-Earth planet orbiting a nearby (d = 37.6 pc) M2.5V star (TIC 28900646, 2MASS J04342248+4302148). This planet was previously featured in two contemporaneous discovery papers, but the best-fit planet mass, radius, and bulk density values were discrepant, allowing it to be interpreted either as a hot, bare rock or a 50% H2O/50% MgSiO3 water world. TOI-1685 b will be observed in three independent JWST Cycle 2 programs, two of which assume the planet is a water world, while the third assumes that it is a hot rocky planet. Here we include a refined stellar classification with a focus on addressing the host star’s metallicity, an updated planet radius measurement that includes two sectors of TESS data and multicolor photometry from a variety of ground-based facilities, and a more accurate dynamical mass measurement from a combined CARMENES, InfraRed Doppler, and MAROON-X radial velocity data set. We find that the star is very metal-rich ([Fe/H] ≃ +0.3) and that the planet is systematically smaller, lower mass, and higher density than initially reported, with new best-fit parameters of R pl = 1.468 −0.051+0.050 R ⊕ and M pl = 3.03−0.32+0.33 M ⊕. These results fall in between the previously derived values and suggest that TOI-1685 b is a hot rocky planet with an Earth-like density (ρ pl = 5.3 ± 0.8 g cm−3, or 0.96 ρ ⊕), high equilibrium temperature (T eq = 1062 ± 27 K), and negligible volatiles, rather than a water world.

Mandibular bone mass density in a medieval population and its relationship with stable isotopes δ13C and δ15N.

The aim of this study was to compare the level of bone mass in digital orthopantomograms in two populations (medieval and current) using two radiomorphometric indexes, and to correlate the mandibular bone mass value, in the medieval mandible population, with stable isotope data δ13C and δ15N. An observational, cross-sectional, and analytical study on mandibles from two diachronic groups, 15 mandibles from the medieval settlement of La Torrecilla (Granada, Spain) and 15 mandibles from current patients at the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Granada (Spain), matched by age and sex was conducted. The bone mass density was determined using the Mandibular Cortical Width Index (MCW) and the Mandibular Panoramic Index (PMI) in digital panoramic radiographs. In the medieval group, the values of bone mass density were correlated with those of two stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N). The mean value of MCW in mm in the medieval group was 3.96 ± 0.60 (mean ± standard deviation) and in the current group was 4.02 ± 1.01. The PMI was 0.33 ± 0.06 and 0.35 ± 0.08 in the medieval and current groups respectively, with similar results in both groups (p = 0.820 and p = 0.575). A negative correlation was found between both morphometric indices and the δ15N isotope (rs = 0.56, p = 0.030 and rs = 0.61, p = 0.016, respectively). The bone mass density in mandibles belonging to the two compared populations, determined by two quantitative radiomorphometric indices, is similar. Within the medieval population, there is an inverse correlation between the δ15N value and bone mass density.

Research on Quantification of Structural Natural Frequency Uncertainty and Finite Element Model Updating Based on Gaussian Processes

During bridge service, material degradation and aging occur, affecting bridge functionality. Bridge health monitoring, crucial for detecting structural damage, includes finite element model modification as a key aspect. Current finite element-based model updating techniques are computationally intensive and lack practicality. Additionally, changes in loading and material property deterioration lead to parameter uncertainty in engineering structures. To enhance computational efficiency and accommodate parameter uncertainty, this study proposes a Gaussian process model-based approach for predicting structural natural frequencies and correcting finite element models. Taking a simply supported beam structure as an example, the elastic modulus and mass density of the structure are sampled by the Sobol sequence. Then, we map the collected samples to the corresponding physical space, substitute them into the finite element model, and calculate the first three natural frequencies of the model. A Gaussian surrogate model was established for the natural frequency of the structure. By analyzing the first three natural frequencies of the simply supported beam, the elastic modulus and mass density of the structure are corrected. The error between the corrected values of elastic modulus and mass density and the calculated values of the finite element model is very small. This study demonstrates that Gaussian process models can improve calculation efficiency, fulfilling the dual objectives of predicting structural natural frequencies and adjusting model parameters.

Delineating subbasins of sedimentary rock structure beneath eastern Central Sumatra Basin based on gravity model, seismic profiles, and well-log data: A case study

The Central Sumatra Basin is a vast sedimentary basin that has been proven to produce hydrocarbon. The basin comprises several subbasins that are not sufficiently imaged by conventional seismic reflection profiles and limited well-log data, particularly in the nearshore area to the east. This research aims to delineate sedimentary subbasins, interpret the subsurface geologic model, and identify geologic structures beneath the eastern part of the Central Sumatra Basin using integrated geophysical gravity, seismic profiles, and well-log data. Three-dimensional gravity inversion modeling results indicate that the pre-Tertiary granitic basement is a continental crust with a mass density value of 2.67 gr/cc. The modeling results indicate that the sedimentary rock is composed of Early Oligocene–Middle Miocene sedimentary rock, with a mass density of 2.35 gr/cc, arranged from bottom to top. The residual gravity anomaly model identifies 13 sedimentary subbasins with structural features such as basement height, graben, and fault mapped in a relatively northwest–southeast direction. Moreover, based on the graben pattern and the basement high beneath the eastern Central Sumatra Basin, many structural patterns support the development of petroleum systems similar to that of the western part of the basin, which has already produced hydrocarbon. Our research also revealed the thickness of the Sihapas Formation in the eastern part of the basin, which shows great potential as a hydrocarbon reservoir. The results show that integrated analysis of many geophysical data sets can substantially decrease the uncertainty associated with individual data sets and produce more reliable imaging of subsurface geology.

Orbital Torus Imaging: Acceleration, Density, and Dark Matter in the Galactic Disk Measured with Element Abundance Gradients

Under the assumption of a simple and time-invariant gravitational potential, many Galactic dynamics techniques infer the milky Way’s mass and dark matter distributions from stellar kinematic observations. These methods typically rely on parameterized potential models of the Galaxy and must take into account nontrivial survey selection effects, because they make use of the density of stars in phase space. Large-scale spectroscopic surveys now supply information beyond kinematics in the form of precise stellar label measurements (especially element abundances). These element abundances are known to correlate with orbital actions or other dynamical invariants. Here, we use the Orbital Torus Imaging framework that uses abundance gradients in phase space to map orbits. In many cases these gradients can be measured without detailed knowledge of the selection function. We use stellar surface abundances from the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment survey combined with kinematic data from the Gaia mission. Our method reveals the vertical (z-direction) orbital structure in the Galaxy and enables empirical measurements of the vertical acceleration field and orbital frequencies in the disk. From these measurements, we infer the total surface mass density, Σ, and midplane volume density, ρ 0, as a function of Galactocentric radius and height. Around the Sun, we find Σ⊙(z=1.1kpc)=72−9+6M⊙pc−2 and ρ⊙(z=0)=0.081−0.009+0.015M⊙pc−3 using the most constraining abundance ratio, [Mg/Fe]. This corresponds to a dark matter contribution in surface density of Σ⊙,DM(z = 1.1 kpc) = 24 ± 4 M ⊙ pc−2, and in total volume mass density of ρ ⊙,DM(z = 0) = 0.011 ± 0.002 M ⊙ pc−3. Moreover, using these mass density values we estimate the scale length of the low-α disk to be h R = 2.24 ± 0.06 kpc.

Control of Robot Motion in Radial Mass Density Field

T In this article, a new approach to control of robot motion in the radial mass density field is presented. This field is between the maximal and the minimal radial mass density values. Between these two limited values, one can use n points (n = 1, 2, . . . nmax) that can be included in the related algorithm for control of the robot motion. The number of the points nstep can be calculated by using the relation nstep = nmax / nvar , where nvar is the control parameter. The radial mass density is maximal at the minimal gravitational radius and minimal at the maximal gravitational radius. This is valid for Planck scale and for the scales that are less or higher of that one. Using the ratio of Planck mass and Planck radius it is generated the energy conservation constant κ = 0.99993392118.

Investigation of gamma shielding parameters of VMQ/W/TiO2 polymer composites

Vinyl Methyl Silicone Rubber (VMQ) matrix with Tungsten (W) and Titanium dioxide (TiO2) as multi-filler materials was studied with varying Tungsten content (0, 30, 50, 70 phr (parts per hundred rubber)) and investigated for gamma radiation shielding applications. The mass attenuation coefficient of VMQ/W/TiO2 composites for 80, 356 and 662 keV were obtained using XCOM database. Various radiation shielding parameters, such as the linear attenuation coefficient, half-value layer, tenth-value layer and relaxation length were evaluated using the values of mass attenuation coefficient and density. It is found that the attenuation coefficient increases with increase in filler density, whereas the HVL, TVL and relaxation length of the composites found to decrease. The mass attenuation coefficient and HVL of VMQ/70W/30 TiO2 phr are found to be 2.88 cm2/g and 0.1 cm for 80 keV gamma rays. The results confirm that the examined shielding parameters are associated with photon energies and chemical composition. Hence, the performance of VMQ/W/TiO2 rubber based composites show superior shielding properties and the experimental results are found to be better than barite at 356 & 662 keV and slightly lower than lead and barite at 80 keV.

The Behavior of the Synchronous and Asynchronous Natural Frequencies for Asymmetric Double Beams

The effect of vibrations on asymmetric double beams is a common engineering problem in various engineering applications. In this paper, the synchronous (lower) and asynchronous (higher) natural frequencies of the asymmetric double beams are calculated using the Bernoulli-Euler method. Where the traditional methods are used to find the frequency equations at different boundary conditions, such as Pinned beam, clamped-Clamped beam, Clamped-Free beam, and Clamped-Pinned beam. The increase in the stiffness of the elastic connected layer leads to an increase in the values of the high frequencies of double beams. The greatest effect of changing the thickness of one of the upper or lower beams is for CF beams and the least effect is for CP beams. The length of the beam affects the higher and lower frequencies in high and close proportions for almost all types of beams, and the least effect is only on the higher frequencies of CF beams. The influence of the modulus elasticity change is relatively small on the lower natural frequencies of all types of beams except for CF beams, and its effect is relatively large on the higher natural frequencies of the most types of beams and comparatively less on the CF beams. The effect of varying the values of mass density is relatively small on the low natural frequencies of all types of beams except for CF beams, and its effect is comparatively large on the higher natural frequencies of all types of beams and relatively less on the CF beams.

Relativistic Radial Density Theory (RRDT)

Starting with Planck scale it is developed the Relativistic Radial Density Theory (RRDT). In this theory, the Planck and gravitational parameters can be described as the functions of the radial mass (energy) density value. This density is maximal at the minimal radius and minimal at the maximal radius. This conclusion is based on the fact that the ratio of Planck mass and Planck length (radius) is constant. These radiuses can be described as the function of the energy conservation constant κ. Using RRDT, it is possible to develop the connections between Planck’s and gravitational parameters as function of the maximal and minimal radial mass (energy) density values. In that sense, the gravitational length, time, energy and temperature can be presented as the function of the Planck length, time, energy and temperature, respectively. This opens possibility to merge of Quantum Field Theory (QFT) and the General Theory of Relativity (GTR) at the quantum scale in gravitational field. The existence of the maximal radial mass (energy) density value at the minimal radius in gravitational field means that no singularity in that field. Further, the existence of the minimal radial mass (energy) density value at the maximal radius in gravitational field means that no infinity in that field. It follows the postulation: the most minimal radius in a gravitational field belongs to the minimal mass (energy). Since the Planck mass is not the minimal mass in space-time, the Planck length/radius is not the minimal length/radius in the space-time. If the calculated minimal (or maximal) radius is the bigger than the related official radius it means that there exists a dark matter in this object. In that sense, the black holes are presenting the state of the matter at the minimal radius where we have the maximal radial mass (energy) density value. Further, the maximal possible radius of the matter is presenting the state with the minimal radial mass (energy) density value. Thus, the maximal and minimal radial mass (energy) density values are constants and conserved items. Now the question is: do motion of the Universe follows the RRDT?

Tolerance levels of mass density for adaptive helical tomotherapy using MVCT

Abstract Daily dose distributions for adaptive radiotherapy (ART) using helical tomotherapy (HT) are calculated using megavoltage computed tomography (MVCT). Generally, the MVCT number is converted to mass density (MD) using an MD calibration table (MVCT-MD table). The aims of this study are to calculate the tolerance levels of the MD for ART and to evaluate the tolerance levels using clinical patient plans. These tolerance levels of MD were calculated based on the tissue maximum ratio (TMR) of 6MV flattening-filter-free (FFF) beam of HT and the effective tissue thickness data from an International Commission on Radiological Protection 110 phantom data for lung, adipose/muscle and cartilage/spongy-bone. These tolerance levels were determined by considering both the MD causing a dose error of 2% and the variation in MVCT numbers. Subsequently, the stability of the MD values was estimated with the standard deviations (SD) in the MVCT number over 6 months. The dose distribution for clinical patient plans was calculated using the MVCT-MD table with added tolerance levels. These tolerance levels were determined as MD differences causing a dose error of 2%, and were ± 0.049 g/cm3, ± 0.030 g/cm3 and ± 0.049 g/cm3 for lung, adipose/muscle and cartilage/spongy-bone, respectively. The calculated dose distribution errors using the MVCT-MD table added tolerance levels were within 2%. We proposed these tolerance levels in MD for the quality control of the MVCT-MD table.

A contribution for the study of RTM effect in height anomalies at two future IHRS stations in Brazil using different approaches, harmonic correction, and global density model

AbstractThe high-frequency effects of the gravity field can be obtained from residual terrain modeling (RTM) technique. However, for the International height reference system (IHRS), this is an open problem. Over the last decades, various approaches have been proposed for the practical solution of Newton’s Integral, such as point-mass, tesseroid, prism, and polyhedron. Harmonic correction (HC) and the use of more realistic mass density values have also been studied. In this work, in order to calculate RTM height anomalies at BRAZ and PPTE IHRS future stations in Brazil, such approaches and issues have been evaluated. Density values have been obtained from CRUST 1.0 global model. For the HC, the traditional mass condensation technique and Poisson’s equation have been used. The resulting values proposed by different approaches are very close to each other, with differences at the submillimeter-level. The RTM height anomaly values reached 1.5 and 1.4 mm at the BRAZ and PPTE stations, respectively. HC at BRAZ station can be disregarded without prejudice since its order of magnitude was 10−5 m. The use of CRUST 1.0 density values has proposed slight improvements of 0.8 and 0. 4 mm at BRAZ and PPTE station, respectively, in relation to the use of Harkness constant density value.

Assessment of CBCT-based synthetic CT generation accuracy for adaptive radiotherapy planning.

Cone-beam CT (CBCT)-based synthetic CT (sCT) dose calculation has the potential to make the adaptive radiotherapy (ART) pathway more efficient while removing subjectivity. This study assessed four sCT generation methods using 15 head-and-neck rescanned ART patients. Each patient's planning CT (pCT), rescan CT (rCT), and CBCT post-rCT was acquired with the CBCT deformably registered to the rCT (dCBCT). The four methods investigated were as follows: method 1-deformably registering the pCT to the dCBCT. Method 2-assigning six mass density values to the dCBCT. Method 3-iteratively removing artifacts and correcting the dCBCT Hounsfield units (HU). Method 4-using a cycle general adversarial network machine learning model (trained with 45 paired pCT and CBCT). Treatment plans were created on the rCT and recalculated on each sCT. Planning target volume (PTV) and organ-at-risk (OAR) structures were contoured by clinicians on the rCT (high-dose PTV, low-dose PTV, spinal canal, larynx, brainstem, and parotids) to allow the assessment of dose-volume histogram statistics at clinically relevant points. The HU mean absolute error (MAE) and minimum dose gamma index pass rate (2%/2mm) were calculated, and the generation time was measured for 15 patients using the rCT as the comparator. For methods 1-4 the MAE, gamma index analysis, and generation time were as follows: 59.7HU, 100.0%, and 143s; 164.2HU, 95.2%, and 232s; 75.7HU, 99.9%, and 153s; and 79.4HU, 99.8%, and 112s, respectively. Dose differences for PTVs and OARs were all <0.3Gy except for method 2 (<0.5Gy). All methods were considered clinically viable. The machine learning method was found to be most suitable for clinical implementation due to its high dosimetric accuracy and short generation time. Further investigation is required for larger anatomical changes between the CBCT and pCT and for other anatomical sites.

Multicolour optical light curves of the companion star to the millisecond pulsar PSR J2051−0827

ABSTRACT We present simultaneous, multicolour optical light curves of the companion star to the black-widow pulsar PSR J2051−0827, obtained approximately 10 yr apart using ULTRACAM and HiPERCAM, respectively. The ULTRACAM light curves confirm the previously reported asymmetry in which the leading hemisphere of the companion star appears to be brighter than the trailing hemisphere. The HiPERCAM light curves, however, do not show this asymmetry, demonstrating that whatever mechanism is responsible for it varies on time-scales of a decade or less. We fit the symmetrical HiPERCAM light curves with a direct-heating model to derive the system parameters, finding an orbital inclination of $55.9^{+4.8}_{-4.1}$ degrees, in good agreement with radio-eclipse constraints. We find that approximately half of the pulsar’s spin-down energy is converted to optical luminosity, resulting in temperatures ranging from approximately $5150^{+190}_{-190}$ K on the day side to $2750^{+130}_{-150}$ K on the night side of the companion star. The companion star is close to filling its Roche lobe ($f_{\rm RL} =0.88^{+0.02}_{-0.02}$) and has a mass of $0.039^{+0.010}_{-0.011}$ M⊙, giving a mean density of $20.24^{+0.59}_{-0.44}$ g cm−3 and an apsidal motion constant in the range 0.0036 &amp;lt; k2 &amp;lt; 0.0047. The companion mass and mean density values are consistent with those of brown dwarfs, but the apsidal motion constant implies a significantly more centrally condensed internal structure than is typical for such objects.

The effect of skidding by excavator on soil compaction in the industrial plantation forest of PT Toba Pulp Lestari, North Sumatra, Indonesia

The impact caused by excavator is damage to forest vegetation and physical damage to forest soil. The aimed of this study was to analyze of soil compaction due to skidding in the industrial plantation forest of PT Toba Pulp Lestari, North Sumatra. This research was conducted in the industrial plantation forest of PT Toba Pulp Lestari, North Sumatra. Soil samples were taken each cycle with a skidding intensity of 5, 10 and 15 round-trip with a repetition distance of 10 m and with 3 replications, respectively. This research shows that soil mass density increases with the increase in skidding intensity. The value of soil mass density increases along with the increase in the intensity of skidding both in the litter path and without litter path. The soil mass density with litter-lined paths is lower than witout litter-lined paths.

Pengaruh Variasi Ukuran Partikel Bahan Biopelet Terhadap Laju Pembakaran Dan Kerapatan Massa Pada Limbah Kayu Mahoni

The potential of biomass as an alternative energy source is very abundant, but not yet well managed. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of 40 mesh, 60 mesh, 80 mesh, 100 size variations on biopelet waste on mass density values ??and combustion ratesThe potential of biomass as an alternative energy source is very abundant, but not yet well managed. Biomass is an organic material derived from leaves, twigs, dry grasses, agricultural waste and forestry waste. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of 40 mesh, 60 mesh, 80 mesh, 100 size variations on biopelet waste on mass density values ??and combustion rates. Mahogany sawdust waste is sorted, then dried in the sun for 7 hours to reduce water content. Furthermore, mahogany wood powder is refined so that the size of the material becomes smaller. Then do the sifting with a variation of 40 mesh sieve, 60 mesh, 80 mesh, 100 mesh. Mahogany wood waste is sorted, then dried in the sun for 7 hours to reduce water content. Furthermore, mahogany wood powder is refined so that the size of the material becomes smaller. Then sieving with 40 mesh sieve variations, 60 mesh, 80 mesh, 100 mesh. Mahogany wood powder is mixed with adhesive using a ratio of 80% mahogany powder and 20% tapioca adhesive. Subsequently printed using a pressure of 115 kg / cm2, allowed to stand for 2 minutes removed from the mold. The results showed the effect of biopelet size on the characteristics of biopelet with the highest density at 100 mesh sieve size with a value of 1.151 g / cm3, and the lowest burning rate was obtained on biopelet with a size of 100 mesh material with a value of 3.58 g / min

Optimization of MWCNTs/Al nanocomposite fabrication process parameters for mass density and hardness

Engineering materials and their development are essential for a civilized society, and they have always played a key role in the industrialization of a country. The performance of materials can be increased by selecting appropriate fabrication process parameters. In this paper, the effect of fabrication processing parameters on multi-responses of lightweight material, namely, functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes-aluminum nanocomposite have been investigated through Taguchi-based grey relational analysis. Ethanol wt. %, milling time, compaction pressure, and sintering temperature were considered controlled parameters. Phase, surface morphology, and chemical compositions of the nanocomposite have been analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray techniques. The scanning electron microscope images revealed that the optimal parameter combination is essential for decreasing void and crack formation during the powder metallurgy process and increasing the material performance index. Grey relational analysis was performed to evaluate optimal sample fabrication processing parameters by using grey relational grade as performance index measurement. The most influential parameter was investigated using main effect plots, interaction plots, contour plots, and analysis of variance. The results show that the optimal combination of sample fabrication parameters is A1B2C3D3. The results also show that the compaction pressure has a stronger correlation to the responses with a 46.92% contribution followed by sintering temperature. The % error between the predicted and experimental grey relational grades at the optimum-level combination is 1.83%. The Monte Carlo simulation data distribution plots show that the ranges of experimental mass density and hardness values are consistent with estimated simulated model values. Further, a regression equation has also been developed to establish the predictive model for the grey relational grade. The model analysis shows that the predictive model is adequate for evaluating grey relational grades. Therefore, this study confirms that the proposed approach can be a useful tool for improving materials’ performance.

Automatic contouring of normal tissues with deep learning for preclinical radiation studies

Objective. Delineation of relevant normal tissues is a bottleneck in image-guided precision radiotherapy workflows for small animals. A deep learning (DL) model for automatic contouring using standardized 3D micro cone-beam CT (μCBCT) volumes as input is proposed, to provide a fully automatic, generalizable method for normal tissue contouring in preclinical studies. Approach. A 3D U-net was trained to contour organs in the head (whole brain, left/right brain hemisphere, left/right eye) and thorax (complete lungs, left/right lung, heart, spinal cord, thorax bone) regions. As an important preprocessing step, Hounsfield units (HUs) were converted to mass density (MD) values, to remove the energy dependency of the μCBCT scanner and improve generalizability of the DL model. Model performance was evaluated quantitatively by Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), mean surface distance (MSD), 95th percentile Hausdorff distance (HD95p), and center of mass displacement (ΔCoM). For qualitative assessment, DL-generated contours (for 40 and 80 kV images) were scored (0: unacceptable, manual re-contouring needed - 5: no adjustments needed). An uncertainty analysis using Monte Carlo dropout uncertainty was performed for delineation of the heart. Main results. The proposed DL model and accompanying preprocessing method provide high quality contours, with in general median DSC > 0.85, MSD < 0.25 mm, HD95p < 1 mm and ΔCoM < 0.5 mm. The qualitative assessment showed very few contours needed manual adaptations (40 kV: 20/155 contours, 80 kV: 3/155 contours). The uncertainty of the DL model is small (within 2%). Significance. A DL-based model dedicated to preclinical studies has been developed for multi-organ segmentation in two body sites. For the first time, a method independent of image acquisition parameters has been quantitatively evaluated, resulting in sub-millimeter performance, while qualitative assessment demonstrated the high quality of the DL-generated contours. The uncertainty analysis additionally showed that inherent model variability is low.

Adolescent female handball players present greater bone mass content than soccer players: A cross-sectional study.

Osteoporosis is a systemic disease affecting half of women over the age of 50years. Considering that almost 90% of peak of bone mass is achieved until the second decade of life, ensuring a maximal bone mineral content acquisition may compensate for age-associated bone loss. Among several other factors, physical activity has been recommended to improve bone mass acquisition. However, it is unknown whether athletes involved with sports with different impact loading characteristics differ in regards to bone mass measurements. To compare the bone mass content, bone mass density and lean mass of young female soccer players (odd-impact loading exercise), handball players (high-impact loading exercises) and non-athletes. A total of 115 female handball players (15.5±1.3years, 165.2±5.6cm and 61.9±9.3kg) and 142 soccer players (15.5±1.5years, 163.7±6.6cm and 56.5±7.7kg) were evaluated for body composition using a dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry system, and 136 female non-athletes (data from NHANES) (15.1±1.32years, 163.5±5.8cm and 67.2±19.4kg) were considered as the control. Handball players presented higher bone mass content values than soccer players for upper limbs (294.8±40.2g and 270.7±45.7g, p<0.001), lower limbs (1011.6±145.5g and 967.7±144.3g, p=0.035), trunk (911.1±182.5g and 841.6±163.7g, p=0.001), ribs (312.4±69.9g and 272.9±58.0g, p<0.001), spine (245.1±46.8g and 222.0±45.1g, p<0.001) and total bone mass (2708.7±384.1g and 2534.8±386.0g, p<0.001). Moreover, non-athletes presented lower bone mass content for lower limbs (740.6±132.3g, p<0.001), trunk (539.7±98.6g, p<0.001), ribs (138.2±29.9g, p<0.001), pelvis (238.9±54.6g, p<0.001), spine (152.8±26.4g, p<0.001) and total bone mass (1987.5±311.3g, p<0.001) than both handball and soccer players. Handball players also presented higher bone mass density values than soccer players for trunk, ribs and spine (p<0.05) and handball and soccer players presented higher bone mass density than non-athletes for all measurements (p<0.005). Finally, the non-athletes' lower limb lean mass was lower than soccer and handball players values (p<0.05). Adolescent females engaged in handball training for at least one year present higher bone mass contents than those who are engaged in soccer training, which, in turn, present higher bone mass contents than non-athletes. These results might be used by physicians and healthcare providers to justify the choice of a particular sport to enhance bone mass gain in female adolescents.

ANALISIS NILAI SKOR-T LUMBAL, KADAR TNF-A, DAN HUBUNGANNYA PADA POSTMENOPAUSE OSTEOPOROSIS POSYANDU-LANSIA

Indonesian women have four times higher rates of osteoporosis than men. This is caused by aging and the hormone estrogen, which halts production at menopause. Tumor Necrosis Factor-? (TNF-?) and other inflammatory cytokines play a role in the process of bone loss caused by an imbalance of osteoblast and osteoclast activity. This study aims to determine the prevalence of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women at the Elderly Integrated Service Post (Posyandu Lansia) based on the value of Bone Mineral Density (BMD) with lumbar T-score and TNF-levels and to analyze various possible relationships between the two. The research method has two stages. The first stage is screening activities at the Posyandu Lansia according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria using a questionnaire and measuring the BMD (bone mineral density) value with a sonometer. The second stage involves establishing the diagnosis of osteoporosis in 58 postmenopausal women with Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) and taking serum for analysis of TNF-? levels. TNF-? levels were determined using the ELISA.The results showed that the prevalence of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women at the Posyandu Lansia was 60.3% based on the value of bone mass density with a lumbar T-score. The percentage of the respondent group with TNF-? levels below the limit value on the standard curve for normal people in the kit (15.6 pg/mL) was 50%. Relationship analysis showed that there was no association between TNF-? levels and BMD values at the lumbar T-score (p value = 0.063 &gt; 0.05). The same thing was also shown in the relationship between the osteoporosis group (Categories 1 and 2) and TNF-? levels (p-values of 0.864 and 0.788 respectively. Analysis of the relationship in this study needs to be carried out more deeply because of the classic and paradoxical effects of TNF-? on the role of osteoclastogenesis.Keywords: osteoporosis, TNF-?, lumbar T-score, postmenopause women