Mass Attenuation Coefficient Values Research Articles

The impact of BaTiO3 additive on gamma radiation shielding properties of B2O3-SrO-Na2O-CaO glass systems

The impact of BaTiO3 additive on gamma radiation shielding properties of B2O3-SrO-Na2O-CaO glass systems

RADIATION AND FAST NEUTRON SHIELDING PROPERTIES OF NILO ALLOY

Nowadays, alloy materials have become increasingly important in radiation shielding due to their high density, which is crucial for effective radiation attenuation. The goal of this study was to evaluate several radiation shielding parameters, including the mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), half value layer (HVL), tenth value layer (TVL), and mean free path (MFP) for Nilo alloys 36, 42, and 48. These evaluations were conducted across a photon energy range of 1 keV to 100 GeV using the WinXCom software. Additionally, buildup factors (EABF and EBF) were simulated using the geometric progression (G-P) fitting method for energies ranging from 0.015 to 15 MeV, at depths corresponding to 1-40 mean free paths (mfp). Furthermore, fast neutron removal cross sections (ΣR) were determined using the partial density method for energies between 2 and 12 MeV. The results showed that Nilo alloy 48 exhibited the highest MAC and ΣR values, while its HVL, TVL, and MFP were the lowest among the samples. When comparing HVL, TVL, and MFP values of the Nilo alloys to hematite serpentine, it was found that all the Nilo alloy samples had lower values than hematite serpentine. These findings suggest that Nilo alloy 48 offers excellent radiation and fast neutron shielding, making it a promising candidate for the development of lead-free shielding materials.

Multimodal Federated Transformer: Advancing Medical Image Captioning with MASNet-ViT Fusion and Enhanced Spiking Neural Networks

Determining the density, coefficient of thermal expansion of BaTiO3 across range of 400 K to 1075 K is principal goal of the investigation. Coefficient of temperature dependence of density and coefficient of volume thermal expansion of the compound is assessed. Additionally, the research has been broadened to evaluate the linear attenuation coefficient at various γ-energies over a temperature range using value of mass attenuation coefficient.

Study on Attenuation Coefficients of Cubic BaTiO3

Determining the density, coefficient of thermal expansion of BaTiO3 across range of 400 K to 1075 K is principal goal of the investigation. Coefficient of temperature dependence of density and coefficient of volume thermal expansion of the compound is assessed. Additionally, the research has been broadened to evaluate the linear attenuation coefficient at various γ-energies over a temperature range using value of mass attenuation coefficient.

Influence of Bi2O3 Concentration on Optical and Gamma Ray Shielding Properties of BaTiO3 Ceramics

ABSTRACTThis study elaborated on the influence of bismuth oxide (Bi2O3, Bi) on optical and radiation shielding properties of Barium titanate (BaTiO3, BTO) when added with different wt% concentrations. To study these properties, BaTiO3–xBi2O3; x = 0,2,4,6 and 8 wt% ceramics samples were fabricated via solid state reaction method. The optical properties of prepared samples were inspected with the help of the UV–Vis technique. The absorption coefficient increased while transmittance decreased with increasing the wt% of Bi content. Samples show a decrement in indirect optical bandgap values from 3.44 to 3.35 eV while direct bandgap from 3.19 to 3.02 eV when Bi content increases from x = 0 wt% to 8 wt%. The other optical parameters, such as Urbach energy, refractive index, extinction coefficient, and dielectric constant, were also calculated. The FESEM (field emission scanning electron microscope) technique was used to identify the homogeneity in the samples. The prepared samples were tested at 356, 511, 600, 1173, 1275, and 1333 keV energies to estimate radiation shielding properties with radioactive sources 133Ba, 22Na, 137Cs, and 60Co. As Bi content increased in prepared samples, the mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) increased. At energy 356 keV, the observed MAC values are 12.685, 12.983, 13.282, 13.58, and 13.898 cm2/g while at 1333 keV, the values noticed as 5.054, 5.066, 5.079, 5.091, and 5.103 cm2/g as Bi content increased from x = 0 wt% to x = 8 wt%. Both atomic cross‐section (ACS) and electronic cross‐section (ECS) were calculated. ACS values are improved from 9.825 to 11.1967 barn/atom while the ECS values enhanced from 3.8949 to 4.0226 barn/electron at 356 keV as Bi content increased from x = 0 wt% to x = 8 wt%. This similar trend was observed at other energies (511, 600, 1173, and 1275 keV) for all prepared samples. The theoretical values obtained from Phy‐X/PSD software were compared with calculated values and found a close agreement between them. From results, it was clear that prepared samples showed enhanced optical and radiation shielding properties when Bi content increased in BTO ceramics.

Er2O3-Doped Lead Borate Glasses: Advanced Optical and Radiation Shielding Performance

Abstract A new glass system with the composition 60B2O3 + 30PbF2 + (10−x)K2O + x Er2O3 (x = 0 to 3 mol%) were synthesized using the melt-quenching technique and comprehensively analyzed to evaluate their structural, optical, mechanical, and radiation shielding properties. Increasing Er2O3 concentration enhanced the density (from 4.260 to 4.89 g/cm3) and reduced the molar volume (from 29.28 to 28.98 cm3/mol), indicating a denser and more compact glass matrix. Optical studies revealed increased UV absorbance, a red shift in the cutoff wavelength, and a reduction in the optical energy gap from 3.487 to 3.335 eV (direct transitions). Urbach energy values increased from 0.722 to 1.083 eV, signifying heightened structural disorder. Enhanced refractive index and extinction coefficients further underscored the glasses’ potential for optical applications. Mechanical analyses demonstrated a significant increase in all elastic moduli, including Young’s, bulk, and shear moduli, with Er2O3 incorporation, indicating improved rigidity and mechanical stability. The radiation shielding performance of the glasses was assessed across photon energies of 0.015–15 MeV, incorporating both experimental data and machine learning (ML)-based predictions of mass attenuation coefficients (MAC). The ML model, developed using a neural network architecture, successfully predicted MAC values with high accuracy, demonstrating excellent agreement with XCOM-calculated results. Key shielding parameters, including half-value layer (HVL), effective atomic number (Zeff), and buildup factors (EABF and EBF), improved significantly with higher Er2O3 content. BPKE3 glass, with the highest Er2O3 concentration, exhibited the best shielding efficiency, outperforming conventional shielding materials in terms of lower HVL and buildup factors, coupled with higher MAC and Zeff values. This study highlights the dual role of Er2O3-doped lead borate glasses as efficient optical and radiation shielding materials. Machine learning effectively predicts shielding parameters, aiding material optimization for applications in nuclear, medical, and industrial fields.

Impact of Nano CoFe1.75Er0.25O4 Loading Ratios on the Dielectric and Radiation Shielding Properties of Polyvinyl Chloride Polymer

Our research described in this paper was aimed to modify the dielectric and radiation shielding characteristics of polyvinyl chloride (PVC)/x wt % CoFe1.75Er0.25O4 (CFEO) composites to be used in modern applications. PVC polymer loaded with nano CFEO were fabricated by a casting process. The structural and morphological attributes of PVC/x wt % CoFe1.75Er0.25O4 composites were evaluated utilizing X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The dielectric characteristics were evaluated via an Inductance, L, Capacitance, C, and Resistance, R (LCR) meter bridge. The dielectric constant and ac conductivity of PVC exhibited a maximum value when it was doped with 1 wt % CFEO. The energy density of the PVC polymer exhibited an irregular drop after being doped with various ratio amounts of CFEO. The radiation shielding aspects were investigated applying the Phy-X/Photon Shielding and Dosimetry (PSD) software. All samples exhibited relatively elevated mass-attenuation coefficient (MAC) values: x = 0 (10.45 cm2/g), x = 0.5 (12.2 cm2/g), x = 1 (13.88 cm2/g), x = 2 (17.07 cm2/g), and x = 3 (20.05 cm2/g) at lower energies, specifically 15 keV, signifying a pronounced photoelectric effect. The MAC rose from 0.0898 cm2/g (x = 0) to 0.0918 cm2/g (x = 5) as the energy rose to 0.5 MeV. The linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) values at 15 keV for all composites exhibit a notable rise with elevated concentrations of CFEO doping: 14.63, 17.35, 20.07, 25.45, and 30.80 cm−1 for samples with x = 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 wt%, respectively. At 15 keV, the mean-free path (MFP) values for samples with x = 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 wt % were approximately 0.068, 0.058, 0.049, 0.039, and 0.033 cm, respectively. At 1 MeV, the MFP value for the same samples increased to 10.934, 10.774, 10.618, 10.318 and 10.035 cm, respectively. The effects of doping amount on the Exposure Buildup Factor (EBF) and the Energy Absorption Buildup Factor (EABF) were also explored.

Ionizing radiation shielding properties of CdZnSe chalcogenide glass

The Phy-X/PSD software tool was used in this study to examine the radiation shielding properties of chalcogenide glasses with the chemical composition of Se85Cd15–xZnx glasses (where x = 3, 7, and 11). Exposure buildup factor (EBF), mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), half value layer (HVL), energy absorption buildup factor (EABF), and mean free path (MFP). The transmission factor (TF), radiation protection effectiveness, and effective atomic number (Zeff) were also evaluated in order to clarify the radiation shielding competency of the current chalcogenide glass (ChG). MAC values for Se85 Cd12 Zn3 (92.696 cm2/g), Se85 Cd8 Zn7 (95.160 cm2/g), and Se85 Cd4 Zn11 (97.741 cm2/g) are all high, but as energy increases, the MAC value decreases with each glass sample. HVL values of the glasses under study increase up to a maximum at 6 MeV, after which they decline for photon energies above 0.1 MeV. Se85 Cd4 Zn11 has an HVL peak value of 4.349 cm with the largest Zn concentration and 4.244 cm for Se85 Cd12 Zn3 with the largest Cd concentration at 6 MeV for both. Se85 Cd12 Zn3 has the lowest MFP values; a higher Cd addition at Se85 Cd12 Zn3 corresponds to a superior shield. RPE values at 1 cm are 27.96%, 27.82%, and 27.67%, respectively. As opposed to this, the RPE values rise to 80.21% for Se85 Cd4 Zn11, 80.41 for Se85 Cd8 Zn7 and 80.61% for Se85 Cd12 Zn3 at 5 cm. Se85 Cd12 Zn3 is the most effective sample for radiation shielding between the examined glasses; this is because it corresponds to a greater Cd content.

Performance of PMMA/Ta2O5 Composites as Medical Radiation Shielding: WinXCom and MCNP6 Studies

The growing reliance on radiation in contemporary applications underscores the imperative to safeguard individuals and the environment from harmful consequences. To mitigate the adverse effects of radiation, polymer composites have begun to garner interest from researchers as potential lead-free shielding materials, largely due to their distinctive attributes, including flexibility, lightness, and environmental benignity. In this study, the gamma radiation shielding capacity of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) composites reinforced with varying proportions of Ta₂O₅ (5%, 10%, and 20% wt) was investigated through the utilization of Windows version of photon cross sections on a personal computer (WinXCom) software and the Monte Carlo N-Particle 6 (MCNP6) code. The alignment of the WinXCom and MCNP6 results, despite their different methodologies, provides a robust and reliable understanding of the radiation shielding performance of these composites. The present study investigated the radiation attenuation properties of PMMA/Ta₂O₅ composites about shielding coefficients, including mass attenuation coefficients (MAC), half-value layer (HVL), and effective atomic number (Zeff). The findings indicated that all composites demonstrated enhanced shielding performance compared to pure PMMA. The PMMA/20% Ta₂O₅ composite exhibited MAC values of 1.22-, 1.29-, and 1.28-fold greater than those observed in the silicon-based composites. The MAC increase was observed in the PMMA/20% Ta₂O₅ composite at an energy of 81 keV. The PMMA/20% Ta₂O₅ composite demonstrated the most effective radiation shielding properties. In light of these findings, the PMMA/20% Ta₂O₅ composite can be regarded as a flexible, lightweight, and environmentally friendly shielding material, reassuring these composites' reliability in practical applications.

Development, characterization and radiation dosimetry evaluation of Bovine gelatin crosslinked with Gum Arabic Aldehyde as brain phantom gel material in radiation therapy

Development, characterization and radiation dosimetry evaluation of Bovine gelatin crosslinked with Gum Arabic Aldehyde as brain phantom gel material in radiation therapy

Investigations of optoelectronic, magnetic, and transport properties of Zintl-phosphides BaX2P2 (X=Cd, Sn, Cu) for green technology: First principle calculations

Investigations of optoelectronic, magnetic, and transport properties of Zintl-phosphides BaX2P2 (X=Cd, Sn, Cu) for green technology: First principle calculations

Exploring HgO effect on structural, dielectric, optical, and radiation shielding properties of borate-based glass

Abstract Glass samples in the system 60-xB2O3+20BaO+20K2O+xHgO (0≤x≤15 mol.%) were prepared via melt quenching method. Infrared spectroscopy revealed structural modifications with increasing HgO content, characterized by a shift in the BO4/BO3 ratio. Dielectric and impedance spectroscopy studies indicated enhanced ionic conductivity with higher HgO concentrations. Optical properties, including refractive index, extinction coefficient, and optical band gap, were determined. The optical absorption edge exhibited a red shift with increasing HgO, attributed to structural changes. Refractive index measurements showed an anomalous dispersion behavior at shorter wavelengths, followed by normal dispersion at longer wavelengths. Optical band gap calculations indicated a decrease with increasing HgO content, suggesting increased disorder. The mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) and linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) were calculated using the Phy-X/PSD software. Increasing HgO content led to a significant enhancement in both MAC and LAC values, particularly at lower energies. The mean free path (MFP) exhibited a corresponding decrease with higher HgO content. Overall, the results demonstrate the potential of these glasses as effective radiation shielding materials.

A detailed study on the physical, mechanical, structural and gamma ray shielding properties of Al2O3–Na2O–SiO2–B2O3–Bi2O3glass system

A detailed study on the physical, mechanical, structural and gamma ray shielding properties of Al2O3–Na2O–SiO2–B2O3–Bi2O3glass system

Effect of ZrO2 on Radiation Shielding Properties of xZrO2-(55-x) B2O3-15Bi2O3-10MgO-20PbO Glass: XCOM and Phy-X/PSD Database Software

This paper aims to determine the effect of ZrO2 on the parameters of glass-based radiation shielding with the molecular formula xZrO2-(55-x)B2O3-15Bi2O3-10MgO-20PbO (mole fraction, x= 0, 4, 8, 12, and 16 mol%). The parameters tested include Mass Attenuation Coefficients (MAC), Linear Attenuation Coefficient (LAC), Half-Value Layer (HVL), Tenth-Value Layer (TVL), Mean Free Path (MFP), and Effective Atomic Number (Zeff), which are measured using the XCOM and Phy-X/PSD programs in the energy range between 0.015 MeV and 15 MeV. The MAC values ​​obtained for all samples are between 0.0439-76.4100 cm2/g for 0ZrO, 0.0440-75.9300 cm2/g for 4ZrO, 0.0441-75.4700 cm2/g for 8ZrO, 0.0443-75.0200 cm2/g for 12ZrO, 0.0444-74.5800 cm2/g for 16ZrO. The difference in results between XCOM and Phy-X/PSD is very small, less than 0.1%. Compared with commercial shields such as RS-253-G18 glass shield and 40% synthetic borax radiation shield, ZrO2-based glass shield has better radiation capability. The 16ZrO sample has the best quality among all ZrO2-based glass shield samples at various radiation photon energies. This study is expected to be a reference in making glass radiation shields in further experiments. Keywords: Radiation Shielding, Zirconium Oxide, Bi2O3, XCOM, Phy-X/PSD, S

Enhanced physical, optical and radiation shielding properties of tungsten modified potassium boro-tellurite glass systems: Theoretical approach

Enhanced physical, optical and radiation shielding properties of tungsten modified potassium boro-tellurite glass systems: Theoretical approach

Zinc boro-aluminosilicate glass for infrared and gamma sensing applications: Physical properties and gamma ray attenuation aspects

Zinc boro-aluminosilicate glass for infrared and gamma sensing applications: Physical properties and gamma ray attenuation aspects

Gamma attenuation and radiation shielding performance of CaCu3B2Re2O12 (B[dbnd]Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni) perovskites

Gamma attenuation and radiation shielding performance of CaCu3B2Re2O12 (B[dbnd]Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni) perovskites

Optical transmission, dielectric constants, and gamma shielding performance of Se95-xIn5Prx metallic alloys: Radiation protection applications

Optical transmission, dielectric constants, and gamma shielding performance of Se95-xIn5Prx metallic alloys: Radiation protection applications

Physical, thermal and radiation attenuation ability of Gd2O3 infused NaF - B2O3 - Bi2O3 - Sm2O3 glasses

Physical, thermal and radiation attenuation ability of Gd2O3 infused NaF - B2O3 - Bi2O3 - Sm2O3 glasses

Influence of TiO2 content on the radiation shielding properties of the La2O3-B2O3-Gd2O3-Nb2O5-ZrO2-SiO2 glasses

Influence of TiO2 content on the radiation shielding properties of the La2O3-B2O3-Gd2O3-Nb2O5-ZrO2-SiO2 glasses