Service Mashups Research Articles

Mashup Service Recommendation Based on Usage History and Service Network

With the rapid development of Web2.0 and its related technologies, Mashup services (i.e., Web applications created by combining two or more Web APIs) are becoming a hot research topic. The explosion of Mashup services, especially the functionally similar or equivalent services, however, make services discovery more difficult than ever. In this paper, we present an approach to recommend Mashup services to users based on usage history and service network. This approach firstly extracts users' interests from their Mashup service usage history and builds a service network based on social relationships information among Mashup services, Web application programming interfaces (APIs) and their tags. The approach then leverages the target user's interest and the service social relationship to perform Mashup service recommendation. Large-scale experiments based on a real-world Mashup service dataset show that the authors' proposed approach can effectively recommend Mashup services to users with excellent performance. Moreover, a Mashup service recommendation prototype system is developed.

A study on semantic web design for global national R&D status analysis

The analysis of global R&D information has become an important factor in making R&D investment strategies and global cooperation with the increased competition in the global market. The R&D analysis in Korea is based on the National Science and Technology Information Service (NTIS). However, it is limited to domestic information and the need to widen the analysis to the global market has risen recently. LOD (Linked Open Data) Cloud service, which is based on the openness and the connection of data, is being expanded recently as is the use of Mashup services through the connection with data from other institutes. In this paper, we will analyze the Linked data structure of CORDIS (Community Research and Development Information Service), which is the R&D information service adopted by the EU, and then suggest a case for utilizing the linked data format and design model for implementing the semantic web to effectively analyze the global national R&D trends by using a case where the RDF Triple data has been semantically mashed up from NTIS and NDSL (National Discovery for Science Leaders).

REST 프로토콜 기반의 API 선별 기법 및 Open API 자동 합성 방안

With the development of web 2.0 and the rapid diffusion of smart devices, current web service, which only provides very limited information and service, has been transformed into user-friendly and comprehensive web service called mash-up service. Mash-up service is defined as comprehensive service that is created by combining variety of web services. When composing a mesh-up service, Open API is used as web service interface. Current mash-up service, however, has fundamental problem in that it could not satisfy the various needs of users who want I-centric personalized service because it is developed and provided by service developers. To overcome these obstacles, a lot of studies on mesh-up framework are being performed for improving mash-up proess though, it is still in beginning stage. In this paper, we introduce an API selection and compostion method as the key technology for mesh-up framework that support the automatic creation of mesh-up service.

Proposal of Mashup Framework for End Users

This paper proposes a new mashup framework for end users and discusses the usability of the proposed framework. Recently, a wide variety of requirements for web services has arisen because more users are using web services in their daily lives. However, a single web service cannot satisfy all requirements due to the variety of those requirements. To satisfy the requirements, it is important to have web service mashups which coordinate a number of web services to match the requirements. A mashup framework is a software environment that makes it easy for developers to make mashups. The challenge of this study is to develop a new mashup framework for end users with a new mashup model and modules. The model and the modules are implemented in the proposed framework.

Aiming to Build a New Service Mashup Platform on the Next-generation Web

Aiming to Build a New Service Mashup Platform on the Next-generation Web

Interactive Voice Response Mashup System for Service Enhancement

Mashup service is common in the realm of web development. Mashup, generally, is a web page that sources two or more data sources to create a new and an improved service. While mashup service is a common phenomenon in the web development scenario, there is no such mashup for services that are based on voice user interface in the Interactive Voice Response (IVR) systems. IVR based telephony services have been popular because they are an easy and a convenient means to inquire, seek information or book services. At the same time frequently used service, like taxi usually has multiple service operators. Though the Same Service is provided by Multiple Operators (SSMO) to the end user, their access points are different and require the user to choose a particular service operator to call. Unlike a web portal or a web mashup, there is no way for the user to comparatively and simultaneously check the offerings from SSMO and choose the best among them. This paper describes a novel approach, based on a recent patent, to create a mashup service by integrating two or more IVR services. Keywords: IVR Mashup, User experience, Telephony channel, service integration.

Accountability in Enterprise Mashup Services

As a result of the proliferation of Web 2.0 style web sites, the practice of mashup services has become increasingly popular in the web development community. While mashup services bring flexibility and speed in delivering new valuable services to consumers, the issue of accountability associated with the mashup practice remains largely ignored by the industry. Furthermore, realizing the great benefits of mashup services, industry leaders are eagerly pushing these solutions into the enterprise arena. Although enterprise mashup services hold great promise in delivering a flexible SOA solution in a business context, the lack of accountability in current mashup solutions may render this ineffective in the enterprise environment. This paper defines accountability for mashup services, analyses the underlying issues in practice, and finally proposes a framework and ontology to model accountability. This model may then be used to develop effective accountability solutions for mashup environments. Compared to the traditional method of using QoS or SLA monitoring to address accountability requirements, our approach addresses more fundamental aspects of accountability specification to facilitate machine interpretability and therefore enabling automation in monitoring.

A Middleware Architecture for Price Comparison Service on Mobile Phones

E-commerce solutions based on mobile devices have drawn great attention recently not only because it provides convenience to mobile users but also it generates revenue for service providers. However our study reveals that current applications failed in users’ satisfactory because of three major issues: service availability, data accuracy and usability. Based on this discovery, we have proposed a solution, which is a middleware architecture that accommodates agents technology, service mash-up and a “contribute-reward” mechanism into a SOA. A model implementation has also been built for a mobile price comparison to test our proposed architecture and solutions. Results demonstrate the improvements on the issues addressed.

Energy-Efficient Optimization Layer for Event-Based Communications on Wi-Fi Things

The Web-of-Things or WoT offers a way to standardize the access to services embedded on everyday objects, leveraging on well accepted standards of the Web such as HTTP and REST services. The WoT offers new ways to build mashups of object services, notably in smart buildings composed of sensors and actuators. Many things are now taking advantage of the progresses of embedded systems relying on the ubiquity of Wi-Fi networks following the 802.11 standards. Such things are often battery powered and the question of energy efficiency is therefore critical. In our research, we believe that several optimizations can be applied in the application layer to optimize the energy consumption of things. More specifically in this paper, we propose an hybrid layer automatically selecting the most appropriate communication protocol between current standards of WoT. Our results show that indeed not all protocols are equivalent in terms of energy consumption, and that some noticeable energy saves can be achieved by using our hybrid layer.

Privacy policy-driven mashups

Mashups is novel content created by extracting and combining data from diverse data sources. In this paper, we present a framework of privacy-preserving data sharing and integration for mashup services. The mashup privacy protection system evaluates privacy preferences expressed in a distributed privacy policy network, i.e., personal privacy policies (PPP), data source organisation’s privacy policies (SPP) and mashup organisation’s privacy policies (MPP). The privacy policy is expressed in terms of sensitive data to be protected, mashup provider, mashup-operations, and purposes. These parameters can link to the open semantic resources on the web, such as a friend of a friend (FOAF), service industry classification codes and UN product and service classification codes, providing richer semantic reference and avoiding data ambiguity. The mashup privacy protection system allows the specification of privacy policies and enforces distributed privacy policies in creating a new content by a third party mashup provider.

A QoS aware services mashup model for cloud computing applications

Purpose: With the popularity of cloud computing, cloud services have become to be application programming platform where users can create new applications mashup(composing) the functionality offered byothers.By composing of distributed, cloud services dynamicallyto provide more complex tasks, services mashup provides an attractive way for building large-scale Internetapplications.Oneof the challenging issues of cloud services mashup is how to find service paths to route the service instances provider through whilemeeting the applications’ resource requirements so that the QoS constraints are satisfied. However, QoS aware service routing problem istypically NP-hard.The purpose of this paper is to propose a QoS Aware Services Mashup(QASM) model to solve this problem more effectively. Design/methodology/approach: In this paper, we focus on the QoS aware services selection problem in cloud services mashup, for example, given the user service composition requirements and their QoS constraint descriptions, how to select the required serviceinstances and route the data flows through these instances so that the QoS requirements are satisfied. We design a heuristic algorithm to find service paths to route the data flows through whilemeeting the applications’ resource requirements and specific QoS constraints. Findings: This study propose a QoS Aware Services Mashup(QASM) model to solve this problem more effectively. Simulations show that QASM can achieve desired QoS assurances as well as load balancing in cloud services environment. Originality/value: This paperpresent a QASM model for providing high performance distributedapplications in the cloud computing systems.

GPS 정보태깅을 이용한 원근거리 판별 기반의 위성영상 워터마킹

본 논문에서는 안전한 웹 맵 매쉬업 서비스 구현을 위한 위성영상의 원근거리 기반의 위성영상 워터마킹 기법을 제안한다. 제안한 방법에서는 위성 영상의 위치 정보와 사용자 정보를 위성 영상의 원근거리에 따라 에지 및 색상 히스토그램 분포에 은닉한다. 따라서 사용자 요구에 의해 서비스되는 임의 해상도의 위성영상들에 대해 해당 해상도의 영상 특성에 적합한 워터마킹 기법을 수행하여 해당위성 영상을 악의적으로 수정하여 불법 유통한 유통자를 추적하고, 사용자의 사생활 보호 할 수 있다. 실험 결과 제안한 기법의 비가시성이 우수함을 확인하고, 회전, 이동 등의 기하학적 공격에도 삽입된 워터마크가 강인함을 확인한다. This paper presents a watermarking scheme based on the perspective distance for the secure mash-up service. The proposed scheme embeds the watermark of the location information of satellite image and the user information using edge color histogram, which is dissimilar to general digital image. Therefore, this scheme can trace the illegal distributor and can protect private information of user through the watermarking scheme that is adaptive to satellite image. Experimental results verified that our scheme has the invisibility and also the robustness against geometric attacks of rotation and translation.

An Enterprise Mashup Integration Service Framework for Clouds

With an advent of gaining popularity in cloud computing, there is a huge demand in ad-hoc services by the end users. These ad-hoc services cannot fully be provided by a service provider; hence Cloud mashup is a solution for this requirement. Cloud mashup is technology where end users can integrate different services of cloud service providers and create their own customized ad-hoc services. This paper proposes an efficient enterprise cloud mashup framework which supports dynamic composition of services to create a new service to the end users. The proposed framework is composed of an adapter, widgets, widget library and a mashup constructor module. Even a non technical end user can easily generate their own customized service on a cloud platform. Experiments reveal that the proposed framework is an efficient enterprise with cloud mashup service integration framework.

Multi-agent based middleware for protecting privacy in IPTV content recommender services

This work presents our efforts to design an agent based middleware that enables the end-users to use IPTV content recommender services without revealing their sensitive preference data to the service provider or any third party involved in this process. The proposed middleware (called AMPR) preserves users' privacy when using the recommender service and permits private sharing of data among different users in the network. The proposed solution relies on a distributed multi-agent architecture involving local agents running on the end-user set up box to implement a two stage concealment process based on user role in order to conceal the local preference data of end-users when they decide to participate in recommendation process. Moreover, AMPR allows the end-users to use P3P policies exchange language (APPEL) for specifying their privacy preferences for the data extracted from their profiles, while the recommender service uses platform for privacy preferences (P3P) policies for specifying their data usage practices. AMPR executes the first stage locally at the end user side but the second stage is done at remote nodes that can be donated by multiple non-colluding end users that we will call super-peers Elmisery and Botvich (2011a, b, c); or third parties mash-up service Elmisery A, Botvich (2011a, b). Participants submit their locally obfuscated profiles anonymously to their local super-peer who collect and mix these preference data from multiple participants. The super-peer invokes AMPR to perform global perturbation process on the aggregated preference data to ensure a complete concealment of user's profiles. Then, it anonymously submits these aggregated profiles to a third party content recommender service to generate referrals without breaching participants' privacy. In this paper, we also provide an IPTV network scenario and experimentation results. Our results and analysis shows that our two-stage concealment process not only protect the users' privacy, but also can maintain the recommendation accuracy

The WTE+ framework: automated construction and runtime adaptation of service mashups

An emerging software engineering methodology is the combination of functionality and content from existing software components into service mashups, creating greater value than the sum of the individual participating building blocks. For businesses, using catalogues of reusable services means agile development of new applications using open communication standards including the Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) for transmitting data, and the Web Services Description Language (WSDL) for defining services. The result is faster adaptation to the changing business environment creating value at reduced development time and cost while increasing revenues. This manuscript presents the developed service management framework and evaluation results of the WTE+ (Web2.0/Telco2.0/Enterprise2.0 with semantics) research project. Main goal is supporting application developers with the automatic construction and runtime reconfiguration of custom-made service mashups at a minimum performance cost without the need for constant IT intervention. Semantically enriched services are automatically combined into custom-made service mashups by the designed planning algorithms. These planning techniques are optimized with late binding and runtime adaptation to changing user-context taking fully into account the quality of service parameters of the available components which are provided at design time and updated at runtime. In addition, recovery mechanisms are provided in case of failed services and/or resources. During mashup execution, unavailable services are dynamically replaced by equivalent ones or alternative service mashups keeping in mind the current execution state. The developed planning algorithms are put through extensive performance and scalability experiments for a typical e-commerce scenario, in which e-shop services such as product payment and delivery are on-the-fly composed to an e-shop application. The results show that an automatic construction of a new application out of existing services can take up between 5 to 43 seconds for 500 services while runtime adaptation takes up to 5 seconds on average depending on the availability of equivalent services.

Convergence of application services in next-generation networks [Guest Editorial

The next-generation network is based on an all-IP endto- end network-layer infrastructure that comprises access, backbone, and egress, using different underlying wired or wireless technologies, and is enabled with quality of service (QoS) capabilities. An ever expanding set of sophisticated application services will take advantage of the QoS-enabled connectivity infrastructure of next-generation networks. These application services, their variety, their ease of use through a large variety of intelligent enduser devices, and their convergence and interworking across multiple domains will constitute the hallmarks of success in the next-generation service universe. Rudimentary forms of some of these application services are already deployed over the Internet. They range from communication services (e.g., VoIP, video, IM, email), to entertainment services that involve content delivery (e.g., music on demand, low to medium quality video on demand, gaming), to a vast array of data and information services (browsing, searching, e-commerce, information retrieval, software distribution, etc.). Since the Internet currently is not QoS-enabled, these services are typically offered on a best effort basis, often with inconsistent or unpredictable quality and fragmented end-user experience. Furthermore, most applications today have a nature; that is, they are offered independent of one another, each typically with its own user interface and other ancillary features like authentication, charging, and session management. This paradigm will begin to change in next-generation networks, first by enabling the applications to use the QoS capabilities of the underlying connectivity infrastructure to provide a consistently high-quality user experience. More significantly, however, applications will progressively lose their stovepipe nature to become increasingly more intertwined and composite, thereby becoming far more attractive and useful to the end user. This convergence, mash-up, blending, composition, and brokering of application services, and the reusable components or enablers that form the foundational building blocks for their realization across the domains of communication (IMS), entertainment (IPTV), information (web), and others, will constitute a defining, as well as differentiating, attribute of service architecture in next-generation networks.

Tag Ontology Automatic Building for Semantic Searching of Services: a Case Study on Mashup Services

The explosion of services like web services, APIs, Mashups, etc., makes how to find the right one you need a tough problem. Tags, as a kind of metadata have been widely used to annotate services. In this paper, we propose to use an ontology automatically built from tags to improve the performance of service searching. We use the famous Mashup directory, Programmable.com, to illustrate our approach: First, all metadata especially tags of mashups and APIs at Programmable.com are crawled and preprocessed by the suffix stripping algorithm to lower the noise. Second, a Mashup-Mashup Network (MMN) is constructed to represent the Mashups and their relationships. And the community detection technique in complex network theory is introduced to mine the community structures (the potential domains of these Mashups) in MMN. Based on the Mashup communities, we further group the tags into corresponding domains. Finally the tag ontology is built with reference to WordNet, and embedded in our own developed s oftware s ervice r egistry and r epository (S2R2), to improve the performance of service searching. Comprehensive experiments are also conduct to testify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Automating the TANDEM Design Method in End-User Programming Environments

Mashups are newly envisaged applications, made up from local information sources and processes, Web services and other distributed resources, bound together technically in some way. Interactive Development Environments (IDE) used to build mashups are becoming more accessible to end-user programmers. Design methods that end-users may apply to a given problem addressed by a mashup, are much less prevalent. This paper describes an end-user-friendly design method called TANDEM and demonstrates the use of it in detail, by way of an example: the design of a mashup of services that solves the so-called movie-cinema problem. An implementation of the newly designed movie-cinema app is then built within the DigitalFriend, an end-user programmer IDE. Furthermore, a significant part of the TANDEM design method, is then automated within the development tool itself. This automation removes the most skilled task required by TANDEM of the end-user: the automation of the process of Data Normalization. The automation applies data normalization to the initial model of components and data sources that feed into the mashup. The presentation here relies on some understanding of Data Normalization, so a simple example is presented. After this demonstrated example of the method and the implementation, the paper discusses the applicability of a model achievable by end-users using TANDEM coupled with the automated normalization process built into the IDE, versus, using a top-down model by an experienced information analyst. In conclusion, the TANDEM method combined with the automation as demonstrated, does empower an end-user to a significant degree in achieving a workable mashup or distributed application. And furthermore, the TANDEM method does have broader applicability to designing a broad class of logic programs, complementing the use of collected patterns in logic programs.

Service-Oriented Architecture for High-Dimensional Private Data Mashup

Mashup is a web technology that allows different service providers to flexibly integrate their expertise and to deliver highly customizable services to their customers. Data mashup is a special type of mashup application that aims at integrating data from multiple data providers depending on the user's request. However, integrating data from multiple sources brings about three challenges: 1) Simply joining multiple private data sets together would reveal the sensitive information to the other data providers. 2) The integrated (mashup) data could potentially sharpen the identification of individuals and, therefore, reveal their person-specific sensitive information that was not available before the mashup. 3) The mashup data from multiple sources often contain many data attributes. When enforcing a traditional privacy model, such as K-anonymity, the high-dimensional data would suffer from the problem known as the curse of high dimensionality, resulting in useless data for further data analysis. In this paper, we study and resolve a privacy problem in a real-life mashup application for the online advertising industry in social networks, and propose a service-oriented architecture along with a privacy-preserving data mashup algorithm to address the aforementioned challenges. Experiments on real-life data suggest that our proposed architecture and algorithm is effective for simultaneously preserving both privacy and information utility on the mashup data. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that integrates high-dimensional data for mashup service.

User-Oriented Web Service Search Technique for Mobile Mashup

This paper presents the basic design of a new web service search technique for mobile mashup. Web service search means searching web APIs to build a new mobile mashup service. The technique is based on user-oriented profiling and can be easily used on mobile devices. For web service search, a user must know the details of a web service in advance. However, conventional service search cannot provide such information on whether the web service can be used for the mashup. This study discusses a user-oriented web service search technique for mobile mashup. Its key feature is that users can easily search for web services that use mashup on mobile phones without knowing the details.