Arranged Marriage Research Articles

LEGAL VACUUM IN INTERFAITH MARRIAGE RULES IN INDONESIA

The legal vacuum regarding the rules of interfaith marriage was not something new. However, this matter has not been resolved by the Government of Indonesia. After the Marriage Law’s promulgation, the rules of interfaith marriages "disappeared", even though before the promulgation of the Marriage Law, interfaith marriages were regulated clearly and firmly. The phenomenon of interfaith marriage in society which was very difficult to avoid was an essential point of concern for the state to accommodate the rules regarding interfaith marriages. This article discussed the phenomenon of interfaith marriages in Indonesia and the legal rules of interfaith marriages before and after the promulgation of the Marriage Law. This article was the result of normative juridical research using the statutory approach method. The data used was secondary data consisting of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and secondary legal materials, which were collected from the literature and then analysed using qualitative analysis methods. Based on the research results, many Indonesian people still carry out interfaith marriages in Indonesia, and the rules of interfaith marriages formulated in the Marriage Law are inadequate. The Indonesian government must accommodate interfaith marriage arrangements in order to provide legal certainty to all people.

History or legend: An Analysis of the Historical Sources of the Refusal of Tang Taizong’s Arranged Marriage by Lu Dongzan and Other Events Recorded in Li Deyu’s Postscript of Emperor Taizong Receiving the Tibetan Envoy

A post script written by Li Deyu on the “Emperor Taizong Receiving the Tibetan Envoy” (步辇图) records events such as Tang Taizong’s appointment of an official position and arrangement of marriage to Lu Dongzan, as well as Lu Dongzan’s refusal to accept Tang Taizong’s arrangement. The historical source of these events is not the Annals of Emperor Taizong verified by Fu Xuancong and Zhou Jianguo but rather the “Legend of Tang Taizong’s Nine Tests of Tibetan Welcoming Envoys,” which Li sent people to collect during his tenure as the Jiedushi of Xichuan in Jiannan. Later, it was included in his book Record of Defending the Southwest Frontier. This legend became popular because of the deification and reshaping activities of Lu Dongzan and his sons during their period of monopolizing power. As a result, the series of events recorded by Li Deyu in his postscript were able to enter the “Tibetan Biography” of orthodox historical books such as Old Book of Tang, Tang Huiyao, New Book of Tang, Zizhi Tongjian, Zizhi Tongjian Kaoyi, and Cefu Yuangui, becoming the so-called “true and credible history.”

Musine Kokalari’s Canonization of Women’s Lives and the Domestic Sphere in Albanian Literature

Musine Kokalari’s literary universe is exclusively the domain of women. From overseeing marriage arrangements to gossiping about men’s untrustworthiness, Kokalari’s books weave a rich tapestry of southern Albania’s private sphere in the early twentieth century. This article explores Kokalari’s fiction to show how her writing challenges and expands the mythological and epic character of the Albanian literary canon. Focusing on her collection of short stories (Siç më thotë nënua plakë) and her only full-length novel (Sa u tunt jeta), it will argue that Kokalari’s attention to the lives of ordinary Albanian women demonstrates the importance of women’s knowledge and how the domestic is crucial to a nation’s cultural history and its identity.

Financing marriage in early modern Italy: innovative dowry funds in Florence and Bologna

ABSTRACT Dowering maidens was a common concern in Renaissance and Early Modern Italian cities. As urban society recognized in un-dowered young women a potential threat to its moral and social stability, what had been a pious private effort became the business of specialized agencies, with the establishment of dowry funds. This paper examines the development of marriage endowment systems from the Florentine Monte delle doti, which in the main underwrote the marriage arrangements of the elite, to the Bolognese Monte del matrimonio, which was tailored to give respectable lower income families an opportunity to assemble dowries for young girls by investing their own savings. Finally, it focuses on the broad diffusion of charitable dowry funds, which dispensed dotal bequests through careful selection and scrutiny of recipients. Helping fathers to dower their daughters, dowry funds acted as a powerful stabilizing force, shoring up the pillar of early modern Italian society, the family, where it was weakest, i.e. among the urban lower classes. At the same time, they were innovative institutions, bridging kinship, charity, and finance.

Prevalence and associated factors of Intimate Partner Violence against Women in Ethiopia: A Review paper

Women in the developing world are active participants of both economic and non-economic activities of the household. Nonetheless, they are also victims of violence against women particularly intimate partner violence. Hence, the purpose of this review paper was to examine the prevalence and associated factors of intimate partner violence against women in Ethiopia. By its methodological approach, this review is considered to be a narrative review since the reviewer summarized the findings of empirical research which were conducted in different parts of Ethiopia, and a total of 12 research findings were reviewed. The findings from these studies revealed that, the prevalence of intimate partner violence against women is high. Besides, alcohol drinking habit, khat chewing, cigarette smoking, age of woman at marriage, occupation, woman’s aggressiveness, talking to husband about money matters with their husbands, educational status, history of previous marriage, years of marriage, marriage arrangement, number of children, believe in husband dominance, respondent’s witness of partner violence, partner fighting habit, an IPV accepting attitude, decision-making autonomy of women, geographical regions, area of residence, and number of wives the partner have are identified associated factors with intimate partner violence against women in Ethiopia.

The Role of Gender and Cultural Psychology in the Discourse of Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni’s Arranged Marriage

The term 'Cultural Psychology' refers to the idea that culture and mind are inseparable. Cultural Psychology has its root from the 1960s and 1970s. But it has attained its zenith and popularity during the 1980s and 1990s. Some of the prominent cultural psychologists are Harry C. Triandis, Fiske, Hofstede, Susan T. Fiske, Eva Magnusson, Jeanne Marecek, Hazel Rose Markus, Shinobu Kittayama, Richard Shweder etc. The present study aims to portray the issues of gender bias and male domination through the cultural conflict which affects the characters physically and psychologically in Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni’s Arranged Marriage. The Introduction deals with the overall view of the stories and themes. The Literature review focuses on the studies relevant to cultural psychology. The Methodology section discusses the cultural and gender issues with the theory and approaches of Eva Magnusson and Jeanne Marecek's Gender and Culture in Psychology. The Discussion part gives the results of the study. The study is compared and discussed with the other studies relevant to gender-based and cultural psychology concepts. The conclusion sums up the entire study and its limitation and scope for future researchers.

Marriage Without Meaningful Consent and Compromised Agency in Married Life: Evidence From Married Girls in Jharkhand, India

PurposeMarriage without meaningful consent persists in India, yet early marriage programs have rarely addressed consent, and research on the practice and its consequences for married life is limited. This study explores how consent in marriage decisions affects married life, specifically, agency, gender attitudes, spousal communication, contraception, and marital violence outcomes. MethodsA subset of 1991 married girls and young women was drawn from a 2018 state-representative survey of adolescents and youth aged 15–21 years in Jharkhand. We compared outcomes between those in self-arranged marriages (n = 392), those in semi-arranged marriages who were acquainted with their husbands before marriage (n = 612), and those in fully parent-arranged marriages with no premarital contact (n = 995). Logistic regression analyses identify associations between marriage decision-making and outcomes of interest, controlling for confounding sociodemographic factors. ResultsCompared with girls whose marriages were self-arranged, those in both fully parent- and semi-arranged marriages were less likely, respectively, to make household decisions (odds ratios [OR], .37 and .60), hold egalitarian gender role attitudes (OR, .48 and .66), uphold girls' rights (OR, .41 and .48), communicate with their husbands (OR, .48 and .64), and practice contraception (OR, .51 and .67). Those in fully family-arranged marriages also had less freedom of movement (OR, .64) and were less likely to express self-efficacy (OR, .64). Marital violence was unrelated to marriage arrangements. ConclusionsSelf-arranged marriage is associated with more positive outcomes than family-arranged ones, including semi-arranged ones, but marriage arrangements are unrelated with marital violence. Findings reaffirm the need to breakdown prevailing patriarchal norms and promote girls' right to meaningful, “free and full consent”.

Kanniyamman Worship of Irulas

Irulas are identified by their dark bodies (Black). The word ‘Erular’ is the oldest form of them. In this word changed in to ‘Irula’ in the medial period. They are live in the Coimbatore area and also the neighboring states of Tamil Nadu. Irulas worshipped nature and their ancestors lived as nomads. The people of Irula community had their own beliefs, traditional stories, festivals and rituals even now they observe their believes. Tell the stories celebrate the festivals and perform rituals. They have several gods according to their community as family deity. However, the festival of Kanniyamman of the Irular tribes is celebrated on the beach in the month of Masi (Feb) that is full moon day celebration or Masimaham worship. All the Irula People from various parts of South India gather in the Mamallapuram beach. They believe Kanniyamman angers every year for their wrongs and goes to Mamallaburam beach. On the day of Masimaham and full moon day they celebrate and invite Kanniyamman to their homes. The same day night they celebrate with traditional folk songs, dances and awareness programmes. Next day early morning, they build seven steps and a small tent for Kanniyamman. Then, the Irulas arrange marriages and other ceremonies on the beach. This research paper is to document the Kanniyamman Masimaham ceremony.

Situating Woman: Reading the Position of Hindu Women in Ancient Indian Scriptures with Divakaruni’s Arranged Marriage as Reference

Situating Woman: Reading the Position of Hindu Women in Ancient Indian Scriptures with Divakaruni’s Arranged Marriage as Reference

Occasions of Presenting Royal Gifts during the New Kingdom

This paper will discuss the occasions of sending gifts to the king by the foreigners. This paper shows, also, that diplomatic gifts exchanged between equals kings were a significant tool used during New kingdom to maintain the peaceful relationships between Egypt and the other powerful kingdoms such as Mitanni, Khetta, Cyprus and Babylon. The vassals’ rulers also presented gifts to the king in different occasions in order to show their submission to the legitimate ruler of Egypt, their lord. The circumstances in which gifts were exchanged are diverse: the celebration of marriage arrangements, the ascension to the throne of a king, the combat of an alliance treaty, victory over an enemy, feasting, and the arrival of messengers.

Globalization, Sharia law, and cultural hybridity: A case of marriage preferences of young Bangladeshis

This contribution is one of the few psychological studies analyzing the marriage preferences of Bangladeshi urban youths. Our goal was to demonstrate that the line between traditional and “modern” marriage is no longer clear-cut and document the importance of social status and religion in shaping the life priorities of young, educated Bangladeshis. The sample (N = 205) consisted of unmarried university undergraduates aged 19-26. Participants were presented with three marriage scenarios: a traditional marriage arrangement, a hybrid model based on mutual attraction and family support, and finally, a Western-style love marriage. Generally, the Western marriage arrangements were rated more positively than the other models. Surprisingly, there were no significant differences between preferences for a hybrid and a traditional model. Additionally, participants from a higher social milieu with lower levels of religiosity accepted love marriages more eagerly than middle-class students.

Verski brak između privole i prisile - Čović Ana: Porodičnopravni aspekti verskih brakova, Institut za uporedno pravo, Beograd, 2020

The review of this monograph is observed through the analytical-descriptive approach, which considers the social context of religious marriage arrangement. Moreover, special attention is paid to the results of the analysis of the church matrimonial law rules and their effect in Serbia's legal system, as well in some European societies. The review also speaks about the arrangement of LGBT partnerships as a challenge to the traditional marriage concept.

Help Rendered by Thozhi for Love Marriage

We know that In Sangam Literature Thozhi (A Close Friend of Heroine) played a vital roll in hero and heroine’s life before and after their marriage. The parents have all rights to make arrangement of marriage for their daughter for their own wish. But, once a woman fall in love with a man and she would like to marry that man, in this situation the help rendered by Thozhi is inevitable. This article focuses to research the roll of Thozhi in hero and heroine’s love marriage which have been recorded in Sangam literature. The above said performance of Thozhi reflected her minute knowledge about human life, her fond of love on the heroine and smart action etc., Sangam literature recorded many knowledgeable and important activities of Thozhi. This article is like to reveal the various performances of Thozhi in the love marriage proposal of hero and heroine.

Volunteering sustainability: An advancement in corporate social responsibility conceptualization

AbstractIn order to meet the versatile expectations of stakeholders, enterprises need philanthropic representation in communities. This research aims to empirically investigate the employee‐specific viability of potential philanthropic initiatives of wholly foreign‐owned enterprises to delineate volunteering sustainability. It covers five potential internal and external volunteering initiatives—matchmaking, marriage arrangement, and poverty alleviation through skill development, anti‐sexual harassment awareness campaign and assistance to low paid workers, and finds the impact of intrinsic motivation for volunteering in proposed volunteering programs on employee's vital attitudes. By taking self‐determination theory, the extensive literature review of intrinsic motivation of employees and analysis of triple bottom line theory, the corporate social responsibility (CSR) and human resource management model proposed by Hao, Farooq, and Zhang (2018) has been empirically tested after collecting the data from 507 employees of sample wholly foreign‐owned enterprises.With ontological and epistemological assumptions in pragmatist stance, this research employed Qual plus Quan approach. HMLR was performed followed by PROCESS using SPSS for determining information technology usage moderation effects and partial mediation of organizational pride. The findings guide that moderated mediation effects of intrinsic motivation for volunteering in the same program are significant in the same direction for two employee attitudes; however, motivation has multifarious effects. The main theoretical implication is the CSR program specification of intrinsic motivation. The findings practically imply that companies should determine the intrinsic motivation of employees before designing volunteering programs. This research contributes to self‐determination theory by integrating the “people” tier of triple bottom line establishing the link of satisfaction to the intentional CSR activities.

Marrying the perfect child — Middle class norms and intergenerational arrangements in the marriage corners of urban China

Caught in the context of a highly competitive development process, within the framework of a policy which limited their reproductive capacity to a single child, PRC urban families have, in recent decades, attached growing importance to their child's education, aiming to lead them to professional and personal success. This, however, also had an impact on the capacities of many young adults to marry early. In this context, the phenomenon of “marriage corners” mushroomed in large cities all over China beginning in the mid-2000s. Within China, this new practice generated criticism. These markets are seen as displaying conservative forms of marriage arrangement, the disregarding of romantic love, and forms of intergenerational power organization that may be considered backwards. However, by the criticisms it generates but as well the forms of relationships that it displays, the phenomenon can allow for a better understanding of the transformation of inter-generational relationships amongst urban middle-class, and on the norms framing the lives of the new generation.

Intimate partner violence against reproductive age women during COVID-19 pandemic in northern Ethiopia 2020: a community-based cross-sectional study

BackgroundAs the global pandemic of corona virus (COVID-19) spreads across continents and communities, people are forced to respond with strict preventive measures such as staying at home and keeping social distance. In relation with these measures, particularly with the staying at home, increasing rates of domestic violence are beginning to surface. Hence, this study was aimed at determining the prevalence of intimate partner violence against reproductive age women in northern Ethiopia during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study design was employed. The data were collected during the period of April to May, 2020 using interviews and a self-administered standard questionnaire. The data were entered into the Epi-data manager version 4.2 and exported to SPSS 22 for analysis. The descriptive analysis such as frequency distribution, percentage, and measures of central tendency were used. This was followed by binary and multiple logistic regression analysis to infer the association between the outcome and independent variables.ResultsA total of 682 participants were included in the study. The prevalence of intimate partner violence against women was found to stood at 24.6% with psychological violence being the most prevalent (13.3%), followed by physical (8.3%) and sexual violence (5.3%). Women were more likely to suffer from violence if they were housewives (AOR, 95% CI (18.062 (10.088, 32.342))), age less than 30 (AOR, 95% CI (23.045 (5.627, 94.377))), women with arrange marriage (AOR, 95% CI (2.535 (1.572, 4.087))) and women with husband’s age being “between” 31–40 (AOR, CI 95% (2.212 (1.024, 4.777))).ConclusionsThis study showed the presence of a relatively high prevalence of intimate partner violence against women. Thus, public reporting of any cases or concerns of abuse is critical and vital to mitigate the problem.

Women's Roles and Conflicts in Divakaruni's Arranged Marriage

The cases of women experiencing gender-biased, injustice, abuse, and violence do not only exist in stories of literary works but it does exist in real life as we believe that literary text is the reflection of the real life. In addition, feminism is more likely concerning the division of gender roles and its implication to the women's life to be academically worth it. This study is intended to identify what kind of women's roles and conflicts are portrayed in literary works and to explain how women's roles and conflicts are reflected through literary text. This study is a qualitative study which applies close reading in finding the data. The results of the study show that the roles of women in Divakaruni’s Arranged Marriage are mainly aiming at fulfilling the domestic affairs. While, two conflicts are faced by the women; domestic violence and psychological pressures by their husbands and family. In addition, it also indicates that most women are still prevalent to destiny as housewives and to serve their husband’s needs.

Signals Exchanged between Potential Spouses in the Saudi Arabian Arranged Marriage Market

This article studies the signals exchanged by potential spouses to overcome the uncertainty caused by limited pre-marital contact in the Saudi Arabian arranged marriage market. The article empirically analyses the characteristics that are seen as important in a spouse and the extent and nature of signals exchanged to ensure the partner has the desired characteristics. It was found that men valued the characteristics of honesty, obedience, kindness and caring most highly while women valued honesty, responsibility, caring and faithfulness as the most important. Signals were found to be used extensively in the marriage market. The signals exchanged fall into two categories: signals received directly and signals received through a third-party (e.g. relative). The third-party signals provide an economic explanation of why marriage to a close relative is common in Saudi Arabia, as it is easier to receive signals through a third-party when the spouse is a close relative.

The Role of the State in the Intra-Group Vulnerability of Women: Revisiting Debates about Multiculturalism Through the Case of Polygamy among the Bedouins in Israel

This paper examines the intra-group vulnerability of minority women, focusing on the context of polygamy among the Bedouin-Arabs in Israel to explore two questions: 1) should the liberal state address concerns about the oppressive potential of minority cultures’ practices for women? And, 2) if so, what approach should be taken to this end, and how should this approach inform state laws? Critical work discussing liberal multiculturalism has generated different proposals for addressing intra-group vulnerability concerns. But if we attempt to practically implement these proposals, we find that the proposed solutions come down to a binary choice between heavy-handed interventionism and a laissez-faire approach. Looking into actual cases of intra-group vulnerability to critically reflect on this theoretical scholarship reveals that the scholarship suffers from a striking gap in its proposed solutions – it overlooks the state’s role in creating and perpetuating the problem. This oversight can explain the tendency of scholars to fall into this binary. Viewing the state as a bystander restricts these scholars to ‘response strategies,’ either intervening against other community members, or holding back from acting at all. Investigating the vulnerability of Bedouin women to oppressive marriage arrangements highlights how the state could be implicated in this problem on different levels. This investigation illustrates how Israel’s policy of pushing the Bedouin out of their lands has reinforced this vulnerability. It further elucidates how Israel’s legal treatment of polygamy has been significant in perpetuating this vulnerability. Finally, it reveals how discriminatory accessibility barriers to public resources, including family courts and welfare assistance, have made it harder for Bedouin women to resist and break away from oppressive marriage arrangements. This investigation also allows us to see why recognizing the (partial) responsibility of the state for this problem provides the key to escaping the laissez-faire/heavy-handed interventionism binary. Most significantly, it indicates how removing barriers impairing minority women’s access to various public resources can open up paths for these women to leave and resist unfavourable aspects of their community life, without forcing them to exit their community altogether.

New Discoveries: The Marriage Certificate of Eugene O'Neill and Carlotta Monterey (July 22, 1929) / Sean O'Casey, Letter to Eugene O'Neill (November 25, 1936)

New Discoveries: The Marriage Certificate of Eugene O'Neill and Carlotta Monterey (July 22, 1929) / Sean O'Casey, Letter to Eugene O'Neill (November 25, 1936)