Restoration of the purchasing power of producers of fruits and vegetables through the establishment and maintenance of the balance between the supplies and consumption of these products is sought to be achieved under the agricultural adjustment act by means of marketing agreements. These marketing agreements are between the Secretary of Agriculture and producers, associations of producers, processors, and others engaged in the handling of such commodities, and are supplemented by an accompanying license issued by the Secretary. Exclusive of oranges and grapefruit, eighteen marketing agreements and licenses on fruits and vegetables are now in effect. These relate to California fresh deciduous tree fruits (except apples), California Tokay grapes, walnuts grown in California, Washington, and Oregon, Northwest fresh deciduous tree fruits, California ripe olives used for canning, California fresh asparagus, Florida celery, California raisins, California dates, cling peaches canned in California, potatoes grown in the Southeastern States, Western Washington vegetables, Florida strawberries, Gravenstein apples grown in California, watermelons grown in the southeastern states, California prunes, Colorado peaches, and California canning asparagus.2 Prior to the enactment of the agricultural adjustment act programs similar in purpose and in general design to those developed under marketing agreements had at various times been undertaken in connection with five of the crops listed above; namely, California Tokay grapes, raisins, dates, cling peaches and prunes. One of the outstanding difficulties encountered in the earlier programs was the existence of a minority group who refused to participate in the marketing plan and carry its proportionate share of the burden of supply control although it received material benefits from the enhanced prices resulting therefrom. Usually the programs were started with growers controlling 80 per cent or more of the total crop participating. The increase in returns to these growers, while not quite as large as they would