ABSTRACT Genre fiction dominates the contemporary literary landscape and shapes how people read. Defined by recurring formal conventions—familiar plots, archetypal characters, and established worldbuilding tropes—and sustained by powerful publishing and marketing systems, genre fiction offers distinctive narrative dynamics with rich potential for English Language Arts (ELA) instruction. Drawing on contemporary literary theory and the sociology of the novel, this conceptual article identifies four such dynamics: (1) iterability, the patterned repetition of narrative elements; (2) narrative interest, the strategic use of suspense, curiosity, and surprise; (3) serialization, the unfolding of stories across multiple installments; and (4) spectacle, the amplification of dramatic or maximalist moments. We argue that attending to these dynamics can help educators make the interpretive processes of literary reading more visible to students, fostering deeper engagement, inclusivity, and interpretive flexibility. We also outline how these dynamics can be operationalized in empirical research to investigate interpretive work in real time, examine how readerly practices developed through genre fiction transfer to other literary forms, and analyze how cultural and commercial forces mediate these processes. By integrating genre fiction into both curricular design and literacy research, educators and scholars can better understand and leverage the narrative strategies that define much of contemporary reading culture. In doing so, they can connect literacy pedagogy to the realities of students' reading lives, expand the scope of disciplinary inquiry, and contribute to ongoing conversations about literary interpretation, engagement, and the role of disciplinary practices in a changing textual landscape.

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) region saw an increase in alcohol-attributable deaths attributed to the rise in consumption over the past decade. Rapid economic transition underscores the importance of understanding the multifaceted impact of alcohol consumption on society and the policies designed to mitigate its harms. This commentary discusses the challenges and opportunities of alcohol policy implementation in the ASEAN region and how policies can be leveraged to improve alcohol control. Enforcement gaps, policy loopholes and limited resources across ASEAN have resulted in inconsistent regulation of alcohol sales, advertising and sponsorship, while a thriving illicit market and fragmented data systems further undermine public health objectives. Industry interference and the absence of multisectoral collaboration have also weakened national efforts. Multisectoral and regional collaboration to strengthen effective alcohol policy implementation is warranted. Through best-practice exchanges and consolidating resources and expertise, alcohol policy challenges could be overcome by setting up an ASEAN taskforce on illicit trade, coordinated tax reforms shifting from ad valorem to specific or mixed excise, community-driven health promotion, harmonised digital marketing, enforcement, and Artificial Intelligence surveillance, and strengthened national monitoring. The goal would be to leverage the 2022 ASEAN Framework to push for a legally binding international instrument, akin to the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, to overcome current alcohol policy challenges. Ultimately, member states could control alcohol-related harm and advance public health across the region.

Distributed Energy Resources-Based Frequency Control Ancillary Services for National Electricity Market System

Optimal targeted marketing strategy in multiple market systems based on social network

The impact of public climate sentiment on systemic risk: Evidence from commodity and stock market systems

India's agricultural markets have long suffered from post-harvest losses, middleman exploitation, inefficiencies, and restricted access to real-time pricing data. Due to a shortage of storage or quick buyers, farmers frequently experience distressed sales and only get a portion of the sale price. In this regard, digital transformation presents a game-changing chance to improve market connections and give farmers more leverage via inclusive, open, and effective platforms. This study examines the effects of growing digital marketplaces to improve market connections for agricultural producers. It evaluates the shortcomings in conventional market systems, assesses recent digital initiatives (such as eNAM, AgriBazaar, DeHaat, and FPO-led platforms), and proposes a comprehensive framework for an integrated agri-digital ecosystem. By facilitating direct, open, and effective transactions, growing digital markets, and fusing them with storage and shipping services have the potential to completely transform agricultural marketing. In addition to improving farmers' price realization, these solutions support demand-responsive and sustainable agricultural supply chains. In the digital age, it promotes a scalable, farmer-centric digital ecosystem as a crucial facilitator of fair agri-market connections.

Grounded in the fraud triangle theory, this case study systematically examines the motives, opportunities, and self-justification mechanisms behind Taiyuan Heavy Industry's financial fraud. It reveals how the company, driven by performance pressures and governance deficiencies, systematically engaged in long-term fraudulent practices through methods such as premature revenue recognition, manipulation of completion percentages, and underreporting of expenses. The research further highlights ethical misconduct by management and the board under the frameworks of expectation theory and stakeholder theory, as well as the severe negligence of auditing institutions in maintaining integrity, objectivity, and professionalism. The case demonstrates that financial fraud is not merely a technical violation but a comprehensive outcome of governance failure, supervisory gaps, and ethical collapse. Finally, the paper proposes governance recommendations from multiple dimensions including corporate governance, industry regulation, and audit quality improvement, providing insights for building a credible capital market system.

ABSTRACT This paper introduces the Participatory Decommodification Index (PDI), a framework that uses AI for assessing whether democratic innovations reduce individuals’ reliance on market systems. Building on Esping-Andersen’s (1990) decommodification theory, designed initially to compare welfare regimes, this study adapts the concept to participatory and deliberative processes that aim to redistribute power and resources. The PDI evaluates democratic innovations across five dimensions: accessibility, democratic control, institutional stability, redistributive impact, and deliberative quality. Using global case studies from the Participedia database, the findings reveal that democratic innovations excel in various attributes but rarely deliver substantial redistributive impact. The PDI provides a critical lens for assessing how democratic practices can challenge commodification in capitalist democracies. This approach calls for re-centring material justice within democratic innovation and provides a diagnostic tool for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers seeking structural transformation beyond symbolic participation.

ABSTRACT This study examines principals’ leadership practices within Swedish Municipal Adult Education (SMAE), focusing on strategies for advancing inclusive education in a marketised system. Data consist of observation notes from dialogical network meetings with twenty-three principals and one quality manager representing twelve municipalities, organised collaboratively by the National Agency for Education and a university. The analysis applies the theory of practice architectures as both a theoretical lens and methodological tool. Findings reveal that principals operate within a complex and often contradictory educational landscape. Their strategic actions – such as creative financial manoeuvring and cross-sector collaboration – demonstrate adaptability while exposing ethical tensions under systemic constraints. The principals’ leadership strategies emerge as a situated, adaptive practice shaped by fragmented policy and governance environments. The study provides insights into how principals can lead transformative change by adopting alternative approaches and leveraging collaborative strategies to advance inclusive education across institutional and community contexts.

This study evaluated the effects of introducing fish to Al rahad Turda (sill water Body) on the local community in Al Rahad Locality, North Kordofan State, Sudan. The research examined the development of fishermen and fishing activities, the role of market dealers and fish marketing, and patterns of fish consumption. Data were collected through structured questionnaires administered in individual interviews and analysed using statistical package for Social Science (SPSS), frequency and basic descriptive statistics was calculated and Chi-Square test of independency was performed for quetionaire's analysis. The results indicated that the introduction of fish had a significant impact (P<0.05) on fishermen and fishing activities. The number of fishermen increased, with 60% beginning to fish only after the introduction of species such as Tilapia spp, Latus niloticus, and Clarius garbenus. A new fishing area, Samaha, was established and is now utilized by more than half of the fishermen. The introduction of fish generated additional employment opportunities, particularly for young people aged 21-30 and individuals with lower educational attainment. Fishermen’s daily income increased significantly. The square test revealed a significant (p < 0.05) change in most aspects of fishing activity before and after the introduction of fish, except for the type and ownership of fishing crafts (p > 0.05). With the exception of income and fishing seasons (P<0.05), no significant differences were observed in other variables before and after the introduction (P>0.05). Regarding fish consumption, all variables demonstrated significant differences (p < 0.05) before and after fish were supplied in 2010. The findings also indicated that demand for fish became inelastic. Consumers reported improved health, and fishermen reported increased incomes. According to the findings we recommended that; as long as there is extra fish resource in the turda while consumers are complaining from low supply, marketing system should be improved through: conducting study to improve the marketing facilities and conducting study to opening of new markets.

The global stock market has experienced a profound transformation over the past few decades due to rapid advancements in Information Technology (IT). Traditional stock market systems, once dominated by manual trading floors, paper-based documentation, and delayed information dissemination, have been replaced by highly automated, technology-driven platforms. Information Technology now forms the backbone of modern stock market operations, enabling real-time trading, high-speed data processing, electronic clearing and settlement, and enhanced market surveillance. This research paper examines the role of Information Technology in shaping modern stock market practices, with particular emphasis on trading efficiency, transparency, investor participation, decision-making processes, and associated technological risks. The study adopts a descriptive and empirical research design to analyze how IT-enabled systems—such as electronic trading platforms, online brokerage services, mobile trading applications, algorithmic trading systems, and digital data analytics tools—have redefined stock market functioning. Primary data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered to 104 respondents, including individual investors, students, salaried employees, and businesspersons with exposure to stock market activities. The questionnaire was designed to assess awareness levels, usage patterns, perceived benefits, and perceived risks related to IT-based stock trading systems. Secondary data were sourced from academic journals, textbooks, stock exchange publications, and authoritative financial websites to establish a strong theoretical and conceptual foundation. The findings of the study indicate that awareness of Information Technology in the stock market is generally high among respondents; however, the depth of understanding varies considerably. Online trading platforms and mobile trading applications are perceived as the most important technological systems, highlighting the growing importance of accessibility and convenience in modern trading practices. A significant proportion of respondents acknowledge that IT has led to substantial improvements in trading speed and operational efficiency, allowing transactions to be executed within seconds. At the same time, a notable segment of investors perceives electronic trading systems as complex, indicating challenges related to digital literacy and platform usability. The study further reveals mixed perceptions regarding the role of real-time data and digital analytics in investment decision-making. While many respondents believe that technology-based tools support better and faster investment decisions, others associate continuous data flow with confusion, impulsive behavior, or increased risk. Awareness of algorithmic and automated trading exists at a basic level, but detailed understanding remains limited, suggesting a gap between technological advancement and investor knowledge. Cybersecurity threats, system failures, and technical errors emerge as the most significant risks associated with IT-driven stock market systems. The increasing dependence on digital infrastructure has heightened concerns regarding data security, system reliability, and market stability. Nevertheless, technological advancements have also strengthened regulatory oversight through automated surveillance systems, improved transparency, and faster settlement cycles. The study concludes that Information Technology has fundamentally reshaped modern stock market practices by enhancing efficiency, transparency, and inclusivity. However, the effective utilization of technology depends on continuous investor education, simplified system design, robust cyber security frameworks, and adaptive regulatory mechanisms. The paper contributes to existing literature by offering an integrated analysis of technological, behavioral, and operational dimensions of modern stock markets, particularly from the perspective of an emerging economy. It provides practical insights for policymakers, stock exchanges, brokerage firms, and investors seeking to balance technological innovation with market stability and investor protection.

The academic and practical examination of Mahatma Gandhi's socio-political philosophy continues in the 21st century because it depends on his fundamental beliefs about Truth (Satya) and Non-Violence (Ahimsa). Gandhi developed a complete human existence framework which he used as a moral philosophy and social reform solution to merge religious values with political and economic systems. The fundamental elements of Swaraj (self-rule) and Sarvodaya (universal uplift) and Trusteeship create completely different systems from centralized governance and exploitative capitalism which enable decentralized democratic governance and ethical economic systems. The contemporary world needs Gandhian thought because it provides a critical view of industrial consumerism and offers an environmental sustainability framework. His need over greed advocacy provides essential support to tackle the worldwide climate emergency. The implementation of his theories encounters major obstacles. Critics point out that he chose to reform the caste system instead of pursuing a revolutionary path while they consider Trusteeship to be impractical in a market system driven by profit. The effectiveness of complete non-violent methods against contemporary totalitarian systems and digital security threats still needs more investigation. This research investigates two opposing sides by showing that Gandhi's methods need modification but his fundamental ethical principles will guide us through our current divided world which faces ecological challenges.

This paper presents an adaptive short-term intraday load forecasting strategy designed for the operational requirements of transmission and distribution system operators. Standard forecasting approaches often report strong performance on selected periods, yet real utility operations require accurate predictions for every day and every hour of the year. Deviations during the operating day, caused by unexpected changes in consumer behavior, introduce forecasting errors and financial risk. To address this problem, we propose a multi-tiered forecasting model that selects the base method according to the availability of historically similar days. When many similar days exist, the model uses a pretrained artificial neural network, while linear regression is applied under moderate similarity conditions, and an arithmetic mean is used when only a few similar days are available. A real-time delta correction layer is applied in all cases, using recent intraday measurements to forecast short-term error and adjust the baseline output. This approach enables rapid adaptation to atypical days and intraday anomalies. Testing on five years of utility data demonstrates that the method maintains consistently low MAPE across all days and all hours, providing the level of accuracy needed for intraday market operations and system balancing.

ABSTRACT Generative AI (Gen‐AI) is an evolving technology surrounded by both opportunities and myths. This study examines consumer perceptions of Gen‐AI applications in marketing along with ethical and societal challenges by analyzing user‐generated content from Twitter (X) using thematic and sentiment analysis. The findings show that consumers tend to respond favorably to Gen‐AI‐driven marketing applications such as chatbots, email marketing, and recommendation systems, especially when they increase the perceived value, personalization, and engagement. However, concerns around ethical AI, trust, transparency, explainability, and over‐reliance on automation become important barriers to consumer acceptance. Based on the insights from the study, the future of Gen‐AI applications should be focused on balancing intelligence with responsibility. Integrating Gen‐AI with ethical design, transparency, contextual sensitivity, and human judgment will help organizations achieve sustainable customer trust, superior experiences, and long‐term strategic advantage.

Flowers are universally appreciated and are considered one of the most beloved natural objects worldwide. The flowers become economically and culturally an important horticultural crop in Bangladesh. The study was undertaken to examine the marketing system and margins of rose. The data were collected from Gadkhali, Jessore and Dhaka city. Primary data were collected from 20 farmers from Gadkhali union of Jhikargachha Upazila of Jessore district and 25 intermediaries (5 local traders from Gadkhali, 15 retailers from Gadkhali, Jessore and Dhaka city, 5 wholesaler-cum-retailers from Dhaka city) through face-to-face interview. Convenience sampling was employed to choose dealers, while the purposeful sampling technique was employed to choose the rose growers. Smaller number of marketing channels (2) of rose were found in producing area (surplus area) whereas 10 marketing channels were found in Dhaka city (largest using areas). Total marketing cost per hundred rose was highest for retailers and lowest for wholesaler-cum-retailers (Tk. 4.54). Marketing margins of retailers varied from one place to another. The marketing costs of retailers per hundred roses were Tk. 12.82, Tk. 27.48 and Tk. 90.68 in Gadkhali, Jessore and Dhaka city. Because they altered the product and sold it to consumers, retailers had the largest net marketing margin, whereas wholesalers and retailers had the lowest (Tk. 25.31). Retailers of Dhaka city always got more profits than that of Gadkhali or Jessore city. The study also identified some problems of rose marketing, such as: inadequate space in rose shop, fluctuation of demand, strike and hartal, social problems, etc.

This study explores changes in the transmission patterns between domestic and global grain prices under different grain price regulation policies. Price transmission is influenced by both policy interventions and external market dynamics. We conducted a segmented regression analysis to examine these relationships. The analysis focuses on how changes in international grain prices are transmitted to domestic prices before and after key policy adjustments. We interpret the results as shifts in price transmission coefficients across different policy regimes rather than as definitive causal impacts of specific policies. The study focuses on four major grains: wheat, rice, corn, and soybeans. We evaluated policy tools such as minimum purchase prices, temporary storage programs, target pricing mechanisms, and producer subsidies. Our findings show that the correlation between international and domestic grain prices became more strongly positive after specific policy changes. These changes include the introduction of the wheat minimum purchase price in 2006, the implementation of temporary storage for corn and soybeans in 2008, and the shift to producer subsidies for corn in 2016. These results indicate a shift towards more interconnected and resilient price transmission within the grain market system. In contrast, before the reduction in the rice minimum purchase price in 2018, international rice prices exhibited a slightly negative association with domestic prices. This negative association became more pronounced after the policy change. A similar shift occurred for soybeans, where the transmission pattern of global prices shifted from positive to negative following the adjustment of soybean price regulations in March 2017. These findings provide guidance for optimizing national grain pricing policies and strengthening the overall resilience and adaptability of food security systems, with an emphasis on their complex, interrelated nature.

This study was aimed to analyzed the marketing system of the “Sodap” shrimp paste produced by PT. Sodap Berkah Indonesia located in Bagan Barat Village, Bangko District, Rokan Hilir Regency, Riau Province. The research focuses on identifying marketing channels, calculating marketing costs and business revenue. The research method used was by case study approach with descriptive quantitative and qualitative analysis. Primary data were collected through interviews with producers, distributors, agents, and resellers, while secondary data were obtained from business records and supporting literature. The results show that there are three marketing channels used in distributing the product: (1) Producer → Distributor → Agent → Consumer, (2) Producer → Reseller → Consumer, and (3) Producer → Consumer. The largest sales contribution comes from marketing channels involving distributors and agents, accounting for 80% of total product distribution. Marketing costs are primarily derived from transportation expenses, especially on channels involving intermediaries. Business revenue increased from IDR 93,800,000 in 2023 to IDR 127,700,000 in 2024, in line with an increase in the sales volume.

Abstract. Declaro-Ruedas MYA, Ruedas EG. 2025. Constraints in garlic farming in Occidental Mindoro, Philippines, with emphasis on production challenges and market inefficiencies. Asian J Agric 9: 653-662. Garlic (Allium sativum) is a high-value crop that provides important livelihood opportunities for smallholder farmers in the Philippines, yet local production remains insufficient to meet national demand, forcing the country to import over 90% of its supply, mainly from China. This study analyzed the major challenges affecting garlic farmers in Occidental Mindoro—one of the country’s key production areas in Philippines—using a descriptive-survey approach. Sixty-four respondents were purposively selected, and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and SWOT analysis. Results showed that garlic farming remains profitable, with an average net income of PhP 185,445 per hectare and an average yield of three tons, but production is hampered by limited access to quality planting materials, climate variability, pest and disease infestations, and high input costs. Marketing inefficiencies further constrain profitability, as most farmers rely on wholesalers and middlemen, leading to low and unstable farmgate prices, while strong competition from cheap imports significantly undermines the market for native garlic. These findings underscore the need for greater institutional support, including the provision of certified seeds, affordable inputs, and targeted training in climate-resilient and pest management practices, alongside the establishment of structured marketing systems, cooperatives, and farm-to-market linkages. Addressing these gaps is critical to improving farmer livelihoods, reducing import dependence, and ensuring the long-term sustainability of garlic production in Occidental Mindoro, Philippines.

Traditional markets remain a vital component of Indonesia’s local economy, particularly in the distribution of ready-to-wear clothing products. However, empirical studies examining supply chain models within traditional market contexts remain limited. This study aims to analyze and model the supply chain structure of ready-to-wear clothing traders in traditional markets in Bandung City. A qualitative descriptive research design was employed, with primary data collected through in-depth interviews, field observations, and supporting literature review. Data were analyzed using descriptive-interpretative techniques, including data reduction, coding, categorization, and triangulation. The findings reveal that the supply chain structure is relatively short and simple, involving producers (garment and small-scale sewing workshops), retailers (kiosk and street vendors), and end consumers. Despite its flexibility, the supply chain relies heavily on informal coordination, social networks, and adaptive procurement strategies, which increases vulnerability to supply fluctuations and price instability. Differences in access to suppliers and inventory strategies between kiosk traders and street vendors further shape supply chain performance. This study concludes that the effectiveness of supply chain management in traditional markets cannot be assessed using modern retail standards alone. Instead, a contextual and adaptive supply chain model is required to strengthen efficiency and sustainability while preserving the inherent flexibility of traditional market systems.

Sustainable development in India is a result of a complex mix of structural socioeconomic inequalities, market dynamics, and diverse livelihood systems. Although the country has experienced continuous economic growth, significant disparities still exist among social groups, regions, and employment structures that determine who has access to opportunities and who can withstand economic shocks. This study discusses and integrates literature results on the impact of education, gender, and social identity inequalities that are compounded by the informal market structures and employment patterns in determining sustainable development outcomes. It also sets out the significant role of economic participation through informal and community-level markets in the face of precarious livelihoods with income instability and inadequate social protection. Moreover, it considers the contributions of policy institutions, social protection mechanisms, and inclusive growth strategies toward reducing vulnerability and enhancing resilience. By integrating research and evidence from four tightly interlinked areas, structural inequalities, market systems, livelihood dynamics, and institutional pathways, this review develops a holistic framework for understanding sustainable development challenges in India. The results reveal a strong demand for multi-dimensional, inclusive, and context, specific policy approaches that would simultaneously tackle inequality, market participation, and livelihood security as the keys to the progress of sustainable development. This study adopts a systematic narrative review approach, synthesizing peer-reviewed literature across development economics, labour studies, and policy research to develop an integrated conceptual framework.