Marker For Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Research Articles

Assessment of Interleukin-22 mRNA as a Diagnostic Marker for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome -Associated Metabolic Dysfunction

Assessment of Interleukin-22 mRNA as a Diagnostic Marker for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome -Associated Metabolic Dysfunction

Assessing serum c reactive protein/albumin ratio and leukocyte count as biochemical markers of polycystic ovary syndrome

Assessing serum c reactive protein/albumin ratio and leukocyte count as biochemical markers of polycystic ovary syndrome

A case-control study unravelling the prognostic significance of oxidative markers in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients

A case-control study unravelling the prognostic significance of oxidative markers in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients

Anti-Mullarian Hormone As A Diagnostic Marker of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Objective: To determine the utility of Anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) as a diagnostic marker of Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Chemical Pathology and Endocrinology, Army Medical College Rawalpindi, Pakistan in collaboration with the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Pak-Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan from Jan 2019 to Jan 2020. Methodology: The study recruited 30 cases of PCOS and 30 age-matched Controls using Rotterdam criteria. Anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) and testosterone were measured for both the study groups. Results: Receiver operator curve (ROC) analysis confirmed the utility of anti-mullerian hormone in diagnosing patients with PCOS. The AUC was 0.754 with 95% CI (0.629-0.880). The optimal cut-off point was 3.22ng/mL (Sensitivity 80%, Specificity 66.7%). Conclusion: The AMH is appraised as an independent screening marker for PCOS patients. Using this single parameter can decrease the patient's inconvenience and financial burden on the health care system and the patient.

Linum usitatissimum Delivery over Chitosan Nanobiopolymer: Enhanced Effects on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Condition.

Herein, chitosan nanoparticle (CHIT) was used as a safe and biocompatible matrix to carry flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) extract (FSE). The number of main features and bio-interface properties of CHIT-FSE were determined by SEM, DLS, FTIR, XRD, TGA, and zeta potential analyses and compared to those of chitosan lacking FSE. A GC-MS analysis was also conducted to reveal the bioactive compounds of FSE. The active anchoring of the FSE phytomolecules over chitosan nanoparticles with enhanced thermal and structural stability was correspondingly verified. Subsequently, the influence of CHIT-FSE, CHIT-TPP, and FSE supplementation was assessed on hormonal and biochemical markers of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in female rats and compared with untreated and healthy control groups. After 16 days of treatment, CHIT-FSE represented the best performance for controlling the serum levels of the studied biochemical (lipid profile and blood glucose level) and hormonal (insulin, testosterone, luteinizing, and follicle-stimulating hormone) parameters. Considering the negligible therapeutic activity of CHIT-TPP, the enhanced activity of CHIT-FSE compared to only FSE was expounded based on the potent action of chitosan nanoparticles in enhanced stabilization, bioavailability, transport, and permeability of the therapeutically important phytomolecules. As per the results of this investigation, supporting medically important biomolecules over chitosan can enhance their therapeutic effectiveness in controlling PCOS.

FRI382 High Androgen And Progesterone Metabolite Concentrations In Naturally Matured Follicles Are Concurrent With High Serum Anti-Müllerian Hormone Concentrations

Abstract Disclosure: T. Du Toit: None. M. Von Wolff: None. A.C. Swart: None. M. Groessl: None. C.E. Flueck: None. Infertility in women is routinely evaluated with the assessment of circulating steroid levels. Profiling steroid levels in follicular fluid (FF) would provide a focused evaluation of the ovarian endocrine milieu and is therefore better suited to identify key hormones potentially involved in dysfunctional follicular growth. The anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) level in serum is a well-established clinical marker to estimate the ovarian reserve in assisted reproductive technology, while the AMH level in FF serves as a new prognostic marker for oocyte developmental potential. However, AMH-linked changes in the follicular steroid milieu have not been fully explored. We conducted an AMH-dependent analysis of the FF endocrine milieu. Hormones were quantified using LC-MS (n=42) and ELISA (n=4) in FF of 83 women undergoing natural cycle in vitro fertilisation. Patients were age-matched and classified into 4 statistically different (p<0.0001) groups according to serum AMH levels: group A (<1.1 pmol/L, n=20); group B (1 - 7.14 pmol/L, n=21); group C (7.14 - 35.5 pmol/L, n=21); and group D (>35.5 pmol/L, n=21). Group D was designated as our polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)-like group, as high serum AMH is a marker for PCOS. We characterised androgen and progesterone metabolic pathways in FF. Androstenedione (A4) and testosterone (T) levels differed significantly between the groups (p<0.01) and were highest in group D at 60 nmol/L and 4.7 nmol/L, respectively. The levels of 11-ketoandrostenedione (11KA4) and 11β-hydroxyandrosterone (adrenal-origin) also differed between the groups (p<0.05), with higher 11KA4 levels (±2.7-fold) quantified in group D. In parallel with serum AMH, FF AMH differed between the groups (p<0.0001), together with luteinizing hormone/FSH, A4/dehydroepiandrosterone, estradiol(E2)/T and E2/A4 ratios. In comparison to groups A, B and C combined, the PCOS-like group D showed significantly increased downstream progesterone metabolite levels –11α-hydroxyprogesterone [OHP4], 17α,20α-diOHP4, 16α-OHP4 and 5α-pregnanolone, with lower FSH levels. Our results show that the follicular milieu is significantly different when high AMH levels are measured compared to when AMH levels are low, marked by: (i) higher progesterone metabolite levels in follicles and (ii) higher A4 and T levels, concomitant with unchanged E2 levels suggesting that androgens were not fully converted to estrogens in these follicles. Our study furthermore corroborates other studies reporting an intrafollicular hyperandrogenic state in women with increased circulatory AMH levels. In summary, our study not only provides data based on a broad steroid profile that the follicular androgen endocrine milieu is affected in women with high serum AMH levels, but it also provides a model for the premature progesterone increase in PCOS women which leads to a reduction in the embryo implantation rate. Presentation: Friday, June 16, 2023

Meta-analysis of the efficacy of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids when treating patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.

To systematically assess the efficacy of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) when treating polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This meta-analysis follows Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses criteria. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, China journal full-text database, VIP full-text Database, Wanfang Database, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Data for clinical trials on ω-3 PUFAs' efficacy in treating PCOS. Two independent reviewers examined and analyzed studies, resolving inconsistencies through discussion. RevMan5.3 software performed heterogeneity-based fixed and random-effects meta-analysis. We assessed bias using the Cochrane bias risk assessment tool. Our meta-analysis included 7 clinical control studies comprising 574 samples to evaluate the impact of ω-3 PUFAs on various metabolic markers in PCOS patients. We observed a significant reduction in total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels (P < .05), along with a decrease in insulin resistance as measured by the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) (P < .05). Testosterone (T) levels were also lowered in the study group post-treatment (P < .05). However, no notable effects were found on body mass index (BMI), fasting blood sugar (FBS), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and Ferriman-Gallwey (mFG) scores (P > .05). Publication bias was not detected, enhancing the robustness of our results. Our study suggests that ω-3 PUFAs could be beneficial in managing specific metabolic markers in PCOS, although the results showed marked heterogeneity. In PCOS patients, PUFAs can enhance reproductive endocrine, glucose, and lipid levels. However, additional research and extended follow-up are required to confirm this.

Evolution of cardiovascular risk markers in polycystic ovary syndrome: Results from a long-term monocentric cohort study

Evolution of cardiovascular risk markers in polycystic ovary syndrome: Results from a long-term monocentric cohort study

Dysregulation of IL-6 and Iron Biomarkers as Potential Diagnostic Markers for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome is one of the most common endocrinopathies in women of reproductive age group. A Case-control study is carried out in Kirkuk city from 10th of November 2022 to 10th of March 2023 for determination the relationship of ferritin, serum iron and interleukin-6 among PCOS women. The number of PCOS women under study were 60 women whose ages were between 15-45 years old. These patients admitted to obstetrics and gynecology unit at Gynecological and Pediatric Hospital in Kirkuk city. In addition, the control group consisted of 30 healthy volunteer females with regular menstrual cycles aged between 15 to 45 years. All PCOS patients and healthy control underwent full physical examination and anthropometric measurements including weight, height, and were asked to complete a general questionnaire. Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated by using the formula: weight (Kg)/height (meters2). Blood samples collected from each women for measurement of interleukin-6 by Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and serum ferritin, by immunofluorescence and serum iron by manual biochemistry procedures. The average IL-6 level in PCOS women was (279.8±77.8 pg/ml), whereas the control group had a level of( 92.5±11.54 pg/ml). Based on the study findings, women with PCOS had significantly higher average serum iron levels compared to the control group (223.5±57.3 and 129.144.9 g/dl), serum ferritin levels were significantly elevated in women with PCOS (279.9±44.9 and 189.5 57.3 ng/ml), The Mean of IL-6 in PCOS women with BMI&gt;25 (kg/m2) was (293.1± 81.8pg/ml) which is significantly higher than in PCOS women with normal BMI (231.9±18.9 pg/ml). The study showed that the serum iron and ferritin were elevated significantly in obese PCOS women (151.72±44.85 g/dl and 247.4±147.4 ng/ml) respectively as compared with non-obese PCOS women (140.61±35.08 g/dl and 228.7±38.2 ng/ml). High levels of iron, ferritin and IL-6 were observed in PCOS women as compared with healthy women specialty obese women with PCOS which highlight the importance of inflammation in PCOS and suggest that IL-6 levels could potentially serve as a biomarker for the condition. Additionally, exploring the relationship between IL-6 and other factors, such as hormonal imbalances and metabolic abnormalities, can provide a more comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiology of PCOS.

Evaluation of the Role of Nesfatin-1 and Myonectin as A Diagnostic Marker for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Also for Treatment Response with Metformin

Evaluation of the Role of Nesfatin-1 and Myonectin as A Diagnostic Marker for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Also for Treatment Response with Metformin

P-648 Association of severity of menstrual dysfunction with cardiometabolic risk markers in polycystic ovary syndrome

Abstract Study question Is the severity of menstrual dysfunction related to cardiometabolic risk markers in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)? Summary answer PCOS women with amenorrhea, compared to those with oligomenorrhea or eumenorrhea, show a higher prevalence of insulin resistance (IR), prediabetes and hypertriglyceridemia. What is known already PCOS is associated robustly with a wide range of unfavorable cardiometabolic risk markers, including obesity, glucolipid metabolism disorders and metabolic syndrome. Many epidemiological studies have found compared to the women with regular menstrual cycles, women with a history of irregular menstruation increased the risks of metabolic syndrome and coronary heart disease. Recently, the association between the severity of menstrual cyclicity and hyperinsulinemia and IR has been demonstrated, suggesting menstrual history could be a simple but clinically important marker of metabolic dysfunction risk. But evidence linking the severity of menstrual cyclicity with cardiometabolic risk in PCOS women is very limited. Study design, size, duration In this prospective cross-sectional study, one hundred and fifty-four women diagnosed with PCOS by the Rotterdam criteria were recruited from July 2021 to September 2022. The association of menstrual cycle regularity with cardiometabolic risk markers including obesity, hypertension, glycemic abnormalities, dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome was systematically analyzed. Participants/materials, setting, methods In a university-affiliated hospital, PCOS participants with eumenorrheic (Eumeno, n = 24), oligomenorrhea (Oligo, n = 73) and amenorrhea (Ameno, n = 57) underwent history and physical examination, gonadal steroid hormone measurement, lipid profile, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and homeostasis model assessment of IR. Main results and the role of chance Adjusting for age, BMI and waist circumference, a trend toward an increase of unfavorable cardiometabolic risk markers including obesity, hypertension, prevalence of IR, prediabetes, hypertriglyceridemia and prevalence of metabolic syndrome was observed in Ameno group than in other menstrual categories. A significantly higher prevalence of IR, prediabetes and hypertriglyceridemia was demonstrated in Ameno group compared to the Eumeno or Oligo group. In logistic regression, adjusting for age, BMI, and waist circumference, Ameno women were more likely to have: IR than Eumeno women (odds ratio [OR]: 2.90; 95% CI: 1.01 to 8.31); prediabetes than Eumeno women (OR: 4.06; 95% CI: 1.05 to 15.77) and hypertriglyceridemia than Oligo women (OR: 4.43; 95% CI: 1.74 to 11.26). Moreover, the prevalence of IR, prediabetes and hypertriglyceridemia was still significantly higher in Ameno group than that in the Oligo or Eumeno group when further adjusted for free androgen index in the logistic regression. The proportion of Type 2 Diabetes, high total cholesterol, high low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was similar across the three groups. Limitations, reasons for caution Our study was limited by its cross-sectional nature, and another limitation was the cycle regularity question relied on the participant’s interpretation of irregular, although we have acquired the detailed menstrual cycle history and further reviewed at consultation, yet some exposure misclassification might also be present. Wider implications of the findings Our study used menstrual cycle as a readily obtainable marker for identification of PCOS women at greatest risk of IR, prediabetes and hypertriglyceridemia, which would emphasize the importance of menstrual cycle regularity and help refine the current recommendations concerning the screening of PCOS subjects for cardiometabolic diesases. Trial registration number 20210728

ROLE OF ANTI-MULLERIAN HORMONE (AMH) IN ASSESSMENT OF THE POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME (PCOS) SEVERITY A REVIEW

Introduction:The hormone anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) is produced by granulosa cells in the ovary and has emerged as a potential biomarker for PCOS. The AMH value increases in proportion to the severity of PCOS thus, serum levels of AMH may be a marker for polycystic ovary syndrome and have a diagnostic role in determining the severity of PCOS. Aim: to determine PCOS severity based on the current available literature of the role of AMH. Methods: PubMed, Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were used to conduct this systematic review. Key terms related to POS severity, as well as AMH as an indicator of POS severity, were used to find related studies published between January 2018 and January 2023. Abstracts from all related articles addressing the role of AMH in POS severity assessment were included and reviewed. Results: Ten articles were included, and serum AMH levels were significantly higher in PCOS cases than in controls in the seven included case-control studies. Other studies discovered that AMH levels were strongly related to both sonographic markers studied and mean ovarian volume. Other studies discovered a significant increase in serum AMH levels in PCOS patients, as well as a statistically significant decrease in AMH levels after PCOS treatment. Conclusion: There is evidence that AMH contributes to the severity of PCOS and plays a critical role in PCOS pathophysiology. More experimental research is needed to better understand the AMH-related pathophysiology of PCOS, which could lead to the development of new treatments for this condition.

Evolution of cardiovascular risk markers in polycystic ovary syndrome: Results from a long-term monocentric cohort study

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)

Genetic markers of polycystic ovary syndrome: role in the pathogenesis and phenotypic manifestations of the disease

Polycystic ovary syndrome is currently regarded as a multifactorial disease with a genetic predisposition, characterized by a wide variability in clinical manifestations that affect the reproductive, endocrine and metabolic functions of women. Despite the great scientific interest in this pathology, the causes and mechanisms of development remain not fully understood. In this article, we reviewed the most current research on the genetic markers of PCOS.

The role of inflammation, oxidation and Cystatin-C in the pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome.

Objective:The relationship between Cystatin-C levels and inflammatory, oxidant, and antioxidant markers in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) was investigated.Materials and Methods:A total of 96 participants were included in the study as PCOS (n=58) and control (n=38) groups. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1B), interleukin 6 (IL-6), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and Cystatin-C were evaluated by ELISA method. Relationships metabolic and endocrine parameters seen in PCOS were examined. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyzes were performed to identify risk factors that may affect the PCOS group. Bivariate correlations were investigated by the Spearman’s correlation analysis.Results:While Cystatin-c, TNF-α, IL-1B, IL-6, MDA were found to be higher in patients with PCOS compared with the control group, SOD was found to be lower than the control group (p<0.05). In the correlation analysis, increased Cystatin-C levels were found to be associated with high IL-6 (r=0.214, p=0.037) and low SOD levels (r=-0.280, p=0.006).Conclusion:In our study, it was found that the increase in Cystatin-C levels was associated with an increase in IL-6 and a decrease in SOD. These results may bring up different treatment options to reduce cardiovascular risks for treating PCOS.

Divergent Associations Between Serum Androgens and Ovarian Reserve Markers Revealed in Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

BackgroundThe role of excess androgen in ovarian reserve remains unclear in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Our study highlights the associations of serum androgen levels and ovarian reserve markers in PCOS and non-PCOS women.MethodsTotally 584 menstrual abnormalities women of 20-45 years were retrospectively evaluated at the Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital between January 2021 to October 2021. The enrolled patients were classified into two groups: the PCOS group (n=288) and the non-PCOS group (n=296) based on the Rotterdam consensus for PCOS diagnosis. The serum androgens, including testosterone (T), free testosterone (FT, calculated), bioavailable testosterone (Bio-T, calculated), androstenedione (A2), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) were assessed with an in-house developed liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. The associations between the serum androgens and the hormone markers commonly used for evaluating ovarian reserve function, such as anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) and the ratio of luteinizing hormone (LH)/follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were explored.ResultsThe serum T, FT, Bio-T, A2, DHT, DHEA, DHEAS, AMH and LH/FSH of the PCOS group were 51.7 ± 23.2 ng/dL/mL, 8.5 ± 5.0 pg/mL, 210.1 ± 127.7 pg/mL, 1.9 ± 0.8 ng/mL, 0.2 ± 0.1 ng/mL, 6.4 ± 4.2 ng/mL, 2431.0 ± 1030.7 ng/mL, 6.7 ± 3.8 ng/mL, and 1.8 ± 1.4 respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the non-PCOS group (p<0.05). In the group of PCOS patients, T and A2 levels were positively associated with AMH in both multivariate linear regression analysis and Pearson’s correlation analysis. Similar but weaker associations were observed in the non-PCOS patients. In the PCOS patients with hyperandrogenemia (HA), the AMH level was significantly higher in the subjects with T increased than in the subjects with non-T androgen(s) increased (A2, DHT, DHEA or DHEAS).ConclusionsThe serum androgen levels are positively associated with ovarian reserve markers in both of the PCOS and the non-PCOS patients in our study. In the PCOS group, the highest AMH level was observed in the subjects with the T elevation subgroup, suggesting that T is more closely related with the increase of AMH when compared with other androgens investigated.

Monocyte high density lipoprotein ratio and neutrophil lymphocyte ratio a novel marker in polycystic ovary syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinological problem and is the cause of irregular menstruation in the women of reproductive age. The present study was undertaken to find out novel inflammatory markers in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Study population was divided into two groups controls (n=100) and cases (n=100) diagnosed with PCOS were recruited for the study. The anthropometric data such as Height, Weight, BMI and, hormonal profile LH, FSH, LH/FSH ratio, Thyroid profile, Testosterone, HOMA-IR, Lipid profile, Monocytes, Neutrophils were noted for all the participants. Taking BMI 25 kg/m as the boundary, the control group was divided into Group A and Group B. Group A includes 53 subjects which is normal BMI group and Group B includes 47 subjects in the High-BMI group and among the cases Group C and Group D. Group C consists of 67 cases (normal BMI group) and 33 cases in the Group D (high BMI group). It is observed that monocyte HDL ratio (M/HDL ratio) and Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (N/L ratio) in PCOS case group increased significantly (P&amp;#60;0.05) when compared to control group. Through the analysis of differences between the subgroups along with LH, LH/FSH, Total Testosterone, M/HDL ratio, and N/L ratio can be considered as specific indicators of PCOS disease. Through correlation analysis, M/HDL ratio and N/L ratio showed association with hormone levels of LH and Total Testosterone respectively. Through ROC curve, it is found that M/HDL ratio is &amp;#62;10.139 or N/L ratio is &amp;#62;1.7 had diagnostic value for PCOS, and the combined diagnostic value of the two was higher. From the observation of this study, it can be concluded that M/HDL ratio and N/L ratio are not chronic inflammatory indicators caused by obesity but caused by the PCOS disease itself. Therefore, M/HDL ratio and N/L ratio can be used as diagnostic markers for PCOS.

Assessment of a new marker of polycystic ovary syndrome in morbidly obese women

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)

Effect of aerobic exercise on inflammatory markers in polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized controlled trial.

Chronic low-grade inflammation has emerged as a key contributor to the pathogenesis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). In this regard, the present study examined the potential effects of aerobic exercise on interleukin-6 (IL6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in PCOS women. This was a randomized clinical trial that included 40 females aged 25-35 years diagnosed with PCOS. The participants were divided into two groups equal in number: the aerobic exercise group (AEM), and the metformin group (M). The AEM group performed aerobic exercise three times a week for 12 weeks in addition to metformin treatment. The M group received metformin only. Participants were assessed for IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP at baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention. The findings showed a significant reduction in IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP values in both AEM and M groups (p=0.001, p=0.01, respectively) after the end of the 12 weeks of the intervention. However, the participants who received aerobic exercise plus metformin, group AEM, showed a greater reduction in IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP (p=0.01, p = 0.01 and p=0.001, respectively). Aerobic exercise is effective in lowering IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP in polycystic ovarian women. Further clinical trials are recommended to assess the potential effects of aerobic exercise on PCOS-associated risk factors.

Elevated Serum Leptin Levels as a Predictive Marker for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

BackgroundLeptin may have important implications in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)-related metabolic disorders. However, the changes in serum leptin levels in patients with PCOS and its predictive value for PCOS remain obscure. We intend to analyze the association between leptin and PCOS in this study.Materials and MethodsThe study comprised 89 patients with PCOS and 139 individuals without PCOS. Each group was stratified as either normal- or hyper-fasting serum insulin (FSI), and lean or overweight/obese; and the patients were further categorized as normal- or hyper-androgenic. The validity of leptin toward the diagnosis of PCOS, or leptin combined with total testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), and free testosterone was estimated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and correlations between paired variables was estimated by Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Associations between the clinical and metabolic variables and PCOS were analyzed via logistic regression.ResultsThe serum leptin levels of patients with PCOS were significantly higher than that of the control, and especially the PCOS in hyper-FSI, hyperandrogenimic and overweight/obese subgroups. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of leptin was 74%, with cutoff value, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) 11.58 ng/mL, 77.5%, 62.6%, 57.0%, and 81.3%, respectively. Combined leptin and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) had the highest AUC (92.3%), excellent sensitivity (93.3%), moderate specificity (78.3%), PPV (73.5%) and NPV (94.8%). Serum leptin levels of the patients were correlated with the FSI, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), body mass index (BMI), and total testosterone levels. Elevated serum leptin was associated with a high risk of PCOS [P = 0.015; OR (95% CI) 1.128 (1.024–1.244)].ConclusionSubstantially elevated serum leptin is significantly associated with PCOS. These findings warrant further investigations into the function of leptin in the pathogenesis of PCOS.