Marked Correlation Research Articles

Angular momentum effects in fission

Background: The role of angular momentum in fission has long been discussed but the observable effects are difficult to quantify. Purpose: We discuss a variety of effects associated with angular momentum in fission and present quantitative illustrations. Methods: We employ the fission simulation model $\mathtt{FREYA}$ which is well suited for this purpose because it obeys all conservation laws, including linear and angular momentum conservation at each step of the process. We first discuss the implementation of angular momentum in $\mathtt{FREYA}$ and then assess particular observables, including various correlated observables. We also study potential effects of neutron-induced fission of the low-lying isomeric state of $^{235}$U relative to the ground state. Results: The fluctuations inherent in the fission process ensure that the spin of the initial compound nucleus has only a small influence on the fragment spins which are therefore nearly uncorrelated. There is a marked correlation between the spin magnitude of the fission fragments and the photon multiplicity. We also consider the dynamical anisotropy caused by the rotation of an evaporating fragment and study especially the distribution of the projected neutron-neutron opening angles, showing that while it is dominated by the effect of the evaporation recoils, it is possible to extract the signal of the dynamical anisotropy by means of a Fourier decomposition. Finally, we note that the use of an isomeric target, $^{235 {\rm m}}$U($n_{\rm th}$,f), may enhance the symmetric yields and can thus result in higher neutron multiplicities for low total fragment kinetic energy.

Correlating the interplanetary factors to distinguish extreme and major geomagnetic storms

We investigate the correlation between Disturbance Storm Time (Dst) characteristics and solar wind conditions for the main phase of geomagnetic storms, seeking possible factors that distinguish extreme storms (minimum Dst <−250 nT) and major storms (minimum Dst <−100 nT). In our analysis of 170 storms, there is a marked correlation between the average rate of change of Dst during a storm’s main phase (ΔDst/Δt) and the storm’s minimum Dst, indicating a faster ΔDst/Δt as storm intensity increases. Extreme events add a new regime to ΔDst/Δt, the hourly time derivative of Dst (dDst/dt), and sustained periods of large amplitudes for southward interplanetary magnetic field Bz and solar wind convection electric field Ey. We find that Ey is a less efficient driver of dDst/dt for extreme storms compared to major storms, even after incorporating the effects of solar wind pressure and ring current decay. When minimum Dst is correlated with minimum Bz, we observe a similar divergence, with extreme storms tending to have more negative Dst than the trend predicted on the basis of major storms. Our results enable further improvements in existing models for storm predictions, including extreme events, based on interplanetary measurements.

A comparative study on mechanical and tribological properties of different grades of tool steels

In this study, the correlation between the mechanical properties of A2, EN31, M2 and D2 grade of steel and tribological behaviour was investigated. The experiments were conducted to measure the mechanical and tribological properties such as Hardness, Elastic Modulus, wear and friction. Different grades steels were selected for heat treatment to control their metallurgical properties. The tool steels' variations in properties were comparatively studied when they are as received and heat treated. ZWICK ROELL automated microhardness tester was used to record the properties such as elastic modulus (E) and hardness (H). UMT-3 Tribo-meter using pin-on-disc configuration was used to record the tribological responses. Worn surfaces were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The correlation was made between the mechanical and tribological properties based on Archard equation, suggesting the inverse relation of hardness with the wear. This study reveals that the increase in the hardness results in reducing wear rates and marked correlation of mechanical properties with steels' specific wear rate. However, it is analyzed that mechanical properties are remarkably associated with steels' friction coefficient.

How evergreen and deciduous trees coexist during secondary forest succession: Insights into forest restoration mechanisms in Chinese subtropical forest

Deciduous broadleaved forests and evergreen broadleaved forests constitute the majority of global subtropical forests. Subtropical vegetation has faced strong anthropogenic pressures, and many natural forests destroyed throughout history have been restored to secondary forests due to various government conservation policies. In early forest restoration, deciduous and evergreen species with significantly different functional traits play different roles and jointly determine secondary forest successional trends, questioning how coexistence and competition between evergreen and deciduous trees profoundly impact community assembly and forest restoration. Although subtropical forest has been seriously threatened, scientific information on how these important ecological processes influence secondary forest regrowth is lacking. We established a 6-ha plot in a subtropical evergreen broadleaved forests in Guanshan National Nature Reserve, southeastern China. All trees individual were stem-mapped, identified to species and measured for diameter at breast height (DBH) and height. Pair-correlation and marked correlation functions indicated that deciduous species are comparatively more vulnerable to density-dependent regulation and size reduction in adjacent individuals during secondary forest succession. The interspecific association between deciduous and evergreen trees in the same DBH class gradually changes from significantly positive to negative as DBH increases, indicating seedling coexistence and competition between large late successional trees at a fine scale. Our results indicate that self-thinning caused by conspecific density-dependent regulation in deciduous trees and interspecific repulsion between evergreen and deciduous trees lead to forest gaps where clustered offspring naturally regenerate to coexist, embodying the important coexistence mechanisms facilitating secondary forest recovery to the zonal climax vegetation types dominated by evergreen species in this region. These findings improve our understanding of the self-recovery mechanisms of subtropical forests in secondary succession and provide important theoretical support to accelerate the future recovery of secondary forests.

Typy uczniów w młodszym wieku szkolnym a ich strategie uczenia się i preferencje – doniesienia z badań

The article presents findings of the research on the diagnosis of student types and strategies and techniques of learning preferred by students with very good performance in learning, as well as those with learning disabilities and special educational needs (SEN). Research reveals the occurrence of certain regularities in individual student groups. Students with high learning outcomes are primarily of an intellectual type and prefer visual learning strategies, whereas students with learning disabilities are of an emotional, acting and cooperating type, their learning based on auditory and kinesthetic strategies. Students with special educational needs are of an emotional type. Hence, they most often use auditory and visual learning strategies. In the individual groups, there a marked correlation was observed between the student types and professional preferences. The intellectual type (students with high scores) would like to engage in occupations related to intellectual and artistic work in the future; the emotional, acting and cooperating type (children with learning difficulties) is interested in performing service professions, while the emotional type (students with special educational needs) sees their future in counselling professions.

Quantitative evaluation of human sperm viability using MTT assay: A laboratory study.

Background3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay which evaluates cellular mitochondrial activity is widely used for the assessment of cell proliferation and viability.Objective This study was performed to assess human sperm viability using MTT assay.Materials and MethodsIn this laboratory study, human-ejaculated semen samples (n = 56 from different donors) were used. The sperm viability was determined using quantitative MTT assay and the sperm motility was assessed according to World Health Organization guidelines. Sperm viability and the correlation between sperm viability and motility were analyzed.ResultsData revealed a marked positive correlation between MTT reduction rate and the percentage of viable spermatozoa. The Pearson's correlation coefficients also showed a significant correlation between sperm viability and motility.Conclusion MTT assay which is based on mitochondrial functionality is a reliable method for evaluating human sperm viability and could be used as a diagnostic test for predicting sperm fertilization ability in clinical settings.

BIOM-01. TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITORS AS A TREATMENT OF SYMPTOMATIC CNS METASTASES IN ONCOGENE-DRIVEN NSCLC

Abstract BACKGROUND Central nervous system (CNS) metastases occur frequently in oncogene-driven non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Standard treatment (i.e surgery, whole brain radiation therapy or stereotactic radiosurgery) approaches can potentially delay systemic treatment and/or result in neurocognitive impairment. Recently, next generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have demonstrated a remarkable intracranial activity. However, most clinical trials did not enroll patients with neurological symptoms. Our study aims to assess the CNS activity of targeted therapy in this patient population. METHOD We present a case series of nine NSCLC patients with either EGFR mutation of ALK rearrangement and symptomatic CNS metastases that were treated with TKIs, without radiation therapy or surgery. Clinicopathological characteristics, treatment and outcome were analyzed. RESULTS Most patients presented with symptomatic CNS metastases at time of metastatic disease presentation (6/9 patients). Additionally, the majority of patients had leptomingeal disease (6/9 patients) and multiple parenchymal metastases. Patients presented with a variety of CNS symptoms with the most common being nausea, vomiting, headache and confusion. Five patients were treated with Osimertinib. One patient with ALK rearrangement was treated with Lorlatinib. The remaining 3 patients received either Gefitinib or Afatinib. Most patients (6/9 patients) responded rapidly both clinically and radiographically to the targeted treatment, with a marked correlation between systemic and intracranial radiographic response. CONCLUSION Upfront use of next generation TKIs in patients with oncogene-driver NSCLC with symptomatic CNS metastases is associated with reasonable intracranial activity and represents a valuable treatment option.

Fine particulate matter inhibits phagocytosis of macrophages by disturbing autophagy.

Mounting evidence from epidemiological and clinical studies has revealed marked correlations between the air pollutant fine particulate matter (FPM) and respiratory diseases. FPM reaches distal airways and deposits in alveolar regions where it can act directly on alveolar macrophages. However, the detailed effect of FPM on the physiological function of alveolar macrophages and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we showed that exposing THP-1-derived macrophages to FPM led to autophagy dysfunction. FPM activated the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathway, which promoted the expression of autophagy-related 2A (ATG2A) and reactive oxygen species generation. The overexpression of ATG2A enhanced the synthesis of autophagic membranes, and the excessive production of reactive oxygen species caused autophagy flux inhibition through disrupting the lysosomal activity. More importantly, FPM impaired the phagocytic ability of macrophages on Escherichia coli and apoptotic neutrophils. Finally, we showed that restoring autophagy rescued the impairment of phagocytic ability induced by FPM. In summary, these results reveal the molecular mechanism of autophagy dysfunction caused by FPM and provide a novel approach to resolve the impaired function of macrophages in respiratory diseases induced by FPM.

Molecular subtyping of glioblastoma based on immune-related genes for prognosis

Glioblastoma (GBM) is associated with an increasing mortality and morbidity and is considered as an aggressive brain tumor. Recently, extensive studies have been carried out to examine the molecular biology of GBM, and the progression of GBM has been suggested to be correlated with the tumor immunophenotype in a variety of studies. Samples in the current study were extracted from the ImmPort and TCGA databases to identify immune-related genes affecting GBM prognosis. A total of 92 immune-related genes displaying a significant correlation with prognosis were mined, and a shrinkage estimate was conducted on them. Among them, the 14 most representative genes showed a marked correlation with patient prognosis, and LASSO and stepwise regression analysis was carried out to further identify the genes for the construction of a predictive GBM prognosis model. Then, samples in training and test cohorts were incorporated into the model and divided to evaluate the efficiency, stability, and accuracy of the model to predict and classify the prognosis of patients and to identify the relevant immune features according to the median value of RiskScore (namely, Risk-H and Risk-L). In addition, the constructed model was able to instruct clinicians in diagnosis and prognosis prediction for various immunophenotypes.

Effects of Alternative Splicing Events on Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

As suggested by an increasing amount of evidence, there is alternative splicing (AS) modification within malignancy, which is related to cancer occurrence and development. AS within acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has not yet been systematically analyzed yet. This study analyzed the transcriptomic profiling and corresponding clinical data from AML cases based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). In addition, the prediction model, along with the splicing network, was used to analyze the prognosis for AML patients according to the seven different AS event types. Among the 34,984 AS events across the 8830 genes, 2896 AS events were detected among 1905 genes, showing marked correlation with the overall survival of patients. The risk scoring model based on all AS event types was the most efficient in identifying the prognosis for AML patients. Meanwhile, the area under the curve at 1-, 3-, 5-year were 0.852, 0.935, 0.955, respectively. At the same time, the splicing regulating network, which was constituted by 21 splicing factor genes as well as 32 AS events related to survival, was characterized. In conclusion, our predictive model constructed based on the AS events accurately predicts the survival for AML patients. In addition, the network between AS events and splicing factor is established, which may serve as a potential mechanism.

Prognostic value of long non-coding RNAs in triple negative breast cancer: A PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis.

BackgroundTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive and lethal subtype of breast cancer. Accumulating evidence showed long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are abnormally expressed in TNBC and could be valuable prognostic tools for TNBC patients. This study aims to research the prognostic value of lncRNAs in TNBC, using the meta-analysis method.MethodsWe performed a detailed literature search on Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies on the prognostic value of lncRNAs in TNBC. The meta-analysis method was used to determine the relationship between lncRNAs expression and survival of TNBC patients.ResultsA total of 2803 TNBC patients and 24 lncRNAs from 27 different articles were included in the present study. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that overexpression of lncRNAs in a group that is upregulated in TBNC showed a significant association with poor overall survival (HR = 1.86, 95%CI = 1.45–2.27, I2 = 41.9%) and disease-free survival (HR = 1.85, 95%CI = 1.37–2.33, I2 = 0%). Conversely, overexpression of lncRNAs in a downregulation group was markedly related to good overall survival (HR = 0.60, 95%CI = 0.43–0.77, I2 = 28.6%). Moreover, expression of lncRNA SNHG12, MALAT1, HOTAIR, HIF1A-AS2, HULC, LINC00096, ZEB2-AS1, LUCAT1, and LINC000173 showed a marked correlation with positive lymph node metastasis (LNM), while lncRNA MIR503HG, GAS5, TCONS_l2_00002973 showed the opposite effect. High expression level of MALAT1, HIF1A-AS2, HULC, LINC00096, ADPGK-AS1, ZEB2-AS1, LUCAT1 were positively correlated with distant metastasis (DM), while lncRNA MIR503HG showed the opposite effect. In addition, the mechanisms of lncRNAs in TNBC were summarized.ConclusionsThis meta-analysis demonstrated that abnormally expressed lncRNA were significantly associated with the survival of TNBC patients and may serve as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for TNBC prognosis.

Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors as a Treatment of Symptomatic CNS Metastases in Oncogene-Driven NSCLC.

Central nervous system (CNS) metastases occur frequently in oncogene-driven non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Standard treatment approaches can potentially delay systemic treatment (surgical intervention) or result in neurocognitive impairment (radiotherapy). Recently, next-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have demonstrated remarkable intracranial activity. However, most clinical trials did not enroll patients suffering neurological symptoms. Our study aimed to assess the CNS activity of targeted therapies in this patient population. We present a case series of nine NSCLC patients with either EGFR mutation or ALK rearrangement and symptomatic CNS metastases that were treated with TKIs. Clinicopathological characteristics, treatment, and outcomes were analyzed. Most patients presented with symptomatic CNS metastases at time of metastatic disease presentation (6/9). Additionally, the majority of patients had leptomeningeal disease (6/9) and multiple parenchymal metastases. Patients presented with a variety of CNS symptoms with the most common being nausea, vomiting, headache, and confusion. Most patients (6/9) responded rapidly both clinically and radiographically to the targeted treatment, with a marked correlation between systemic and intracranial radiographic response. In conclusion, upfront use of next-generation TKIs in patients with oncogene-driven NSCLC with symptomatic CNS metastases is associated with reasonable intracranial activity and represents a valuable treatment option.

Identification of Deleterious NOTCH Mutation as Novel Predictor to Efficacious Immunotherapy in NSCLC.

NOTCH signaling is associated with tumorigenesis, mutagenesis, and immune tolerance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), indicating its association with the clinical benefit of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). We hypothesized that NOTCH mutation in NSCLC might be a robust predictor of immunotherapeutic efficacy. Multiple-dimensional data including genomic, transcriptomic, and clinical data from cohorts of NSCLC internal and public cohorts involving immunotherapeutic patients were analyzed. Polymorphism Phenotyping v2 (PolyPhen-2) system was performed to determine deleterious NOTCH mutation (del-NOTCH mut). Further investigation on molecular mechanism was performed in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data via CIBERSORT and gene set enrichment analysis. Our 3DMed cohort (n = 58) and other four cohorts (Rizvi, POPLAR/OAK, Van Allen, and MSKCC; n = 1,499) uncovered marked correlation between NOTCH1/2/3 mutation and better ICI outcomes in EGFR/ALK WT population, including objective response rate (2.20-fold, P = 0.001), progression-free survival [HR, 0.61; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.46-0.81; P = 0.001], and overall survival (HR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.32-0.96; P = 0.035). Del-NOTCH mut exhibited better predictive function than non-deleterious NOTCH mutation, potentially via greater transcription of genes related to DNA damage response and immune activation. Del-NOTCH mut was not linked with prognosis in TCGA cohorts and chemotherapeutic response, but was independently associated with immunotherapeutic benefit, delineating the predictive, but not prognostic, utility of del-NOTCH mut. This work distinguishes del-NOTCH mut as a potential predictor to favorable ICI response in NSCLC, highlighting the importance of genomic profiling in immunotherapy. More importantly, our results unravel a possibility of personalized combination immunotherapy as adding NOTCH inhibitor to ICI regimen in NSCLC, for the optimization of ICI treatment in clinical practice.

Gut-Derived Serotonin Contributes to the Progression of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis via the Liver HTR2A/PPARγ2 Pathway.

The precipitous increase in occurrence of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a serious threat to public health worldwide. The pathogenesis of NASH has not yet been thoroughly studied. We aimed to elucidate the interplay between serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and NASH. The serum 5-HT levels in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and a rat fed with high fat-sucrose diet (HFSD) were evaluated using liquid chromatography-hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF MS)/MS. The peripheral Tph1 inhibitor, LP533401, and a tryptophan (TRP)-free diet were administered to rats with NASH, induced by HFSD. BRL-3A cells were treated with 1 mM free fatty acids (FFAs) and/or 50 μM 5-HT, and then small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting the 5-HT2A receptor (HTR2A) and the PPARγ pharmaceutical agonist, pioglitazone, were applied. We found a marked correlation between 5-HT and NASH. The absence of 5-HT, through the pharmaceutical blockade of Tph1 (LP533401) and dietary control (TRP-free diet), suppressed hepatic lipid load and the expression of inflammatory factors (Tnfα, Il6, and Mcp-1). In BRL-3A cells, 50 μM 5-HT induced lipid accumulation and upregulated the expression of lipogenesis-ralated genes (Fas, Cd36, and Plin2) and the inflammatory response. Specifically, HTR2A knockdown and evaluation of PPARγ agonist activity revealed that HTR2A promoted hepatic steatosis and inflammation by activating PPARγ2. These results suggested that duodenal 5-HT was a risk factor in the pathological progression of NASH. Correspondingly, it may represent an attractive therapeutic target for preventing the development of NASH via the regulation of the HTR2A/PPARγ2 signaling pathway.

Targeted Inhibition of CCL22 by miR-130a-5p Can Enhance the Sensitivity of Cisplatin-Resistant Gastric Cancer Cells to Chemotherapy.

ObjectiveThis study set out to explore the regulatory mechanism of miR-130a-5p in cisplatin (DDP)-resistant gastric cancer (GC) cells.Materials and MethodsForty cases of GC and paracancerous tissues were collected, and the miR-130a-5p and CCL22 levels were detected by qRT-PCR. DDP-resistant cell lines of GC cells were established. Cell viability, invasion, and apoptosis were measured by CCK-8, Transwell, and flow cytometry, respectively. The relationship between miR-130a-5p and CCL22 was verified by dual-luciferase reporter enzyme, and the protein levels of caspase-3, bax, bcl-2, and CCL22 were determined by Western blot.ResultsmiR-130a-5p was low expressed in GC tissues and cells, while CCL22 showed marked negative correlation, and the area under the curve (AUC) for diagnosing GC was not less than 0.850. Up-regulating miR-130a-5p or knocking down CCL22 expression can inhibit the proliferation and invasion of GC cells and promote their apoptosis, reverse the resistance of NCI-N87/DDP to DDP, and also enhance the chemosensitivity of GC cells. Dual-luciferase reporter enzyme identified that there was a targeted relationship between miR-130a-5p and CCL22. At the same time, miR-130a-5p and CCL22 were up-regulated or down-regulated, and the malignant proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, and DDP chemotherapy resistance of the cells had no difference compared with miR-NC with transfection-unrelated sequences.ConclusionUp-regulating miR-130a-5p can enhance the sensitivity of DDP-resistant GC cells to chemotherapy and regulate their biological function by targeted inhibition of CCL22.

Monetary regimes and labour institutions: An alternative interpretation of the downward trend in exchange-rate pass-through in peripheral countries

In recent years, several empirical studies have documented the decline in exchange-rate pass-through in peripheral countries. Conventional wisdom has interpreted this trend—verified in the last two decades—as the result of greater central bank credibility stemming from the implementation of formal inflation-targeting regimes. This paper offers an alternative interpretation, in line with the structuralist tradition, as it examines other instrumental transformations, concurrent with the establishment of inflationtargeting regimes, including ubiquitous labour market flexibilization. Empirical estimates for a set of peripheral countries for the period 1994–2016 show a marked correlation between the intensity of the exchange-rate pass-through and the weakening of labour market institutions.

Demographics, natural history and treatment outcomes of non-molar gestational choriocarcinoma: a UK population study.

To investigate the demographics, natural history and treatment outcomes of non-molar gestational choriocarcinoma. A retrospective national population-based study. UK 1995-2015. A total of 234 women with a diagnosis of gestational choriocarcinoma, in the absence of a prior molar pregnancy, managed at the UKs two gestational trophoblast centres in London and Sheffield. Retrospective review of the patient's demographic and clinical data. Comparison with contemporary UK birth and pregnancy statistics. Incidence statistics for non-molar choriocarcinoma across the maternal age groups. Cure rates for patients by FIGO prognostic score group. Over the 21-year study period, there were 234 cases of non-molar gestational choriocarcinoma, giving an incidence of 1:66775 relative to live births and 1:84226 to viable pregnancies. For women aged under 20, the incidence relative to viable pregnancies was 1:223494, for ages 30-34, 1:80227, and for ages 40-45, 1:41718. Treatment outcomes indicated an overall 94.4% cure rate. Divided by FIGO prognostic groups, the cure rates were low-risk group 100%, high-risk group 96% and ultra-high-risk group 80.5%. Non-molar gestational choriocarcinoma is a very rare diagnosis with little prior detailed information on the demographics and natural history. The data in this study give age-related incidence data based on a large national population study. The results also demonstrated the widely varying natural history of this rare malignancy and the marked correlation of disease incidence with rising maternal age. National gestational choriocarcinoma database indicates a close association between increasing maternal age and incidence.

Effects of accreditation on United States and Canadian veterinary college libraries in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

ObjectiveThe authors’ objective was to document the effects of evolving veterinary accreditation standards on the development of currently existing accredited US and Canadian veterinary school libraries in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries.MethodsWe gathered historical standards that major veterinary accreditation agencies developed with respect to libraries and library services. Historical background on college libraries, their facilities, services, and personnel via surveys, literature searches, and archival documents was also collected. We then correlated the evolving standards with each library’s development.ResultsThere was a marked correlation between the prevailing accreditation standards and library development, particularly during the post–World War II era and through the mid-1980s. These impacts—which included new and separate facilities, hiring of professional librarians, and additional open hours—affected not only the twenty new developing veterinary schools, but also the libraries of the preexisting colleges.ConclusionsProfessional veterinary accrediting standards were an important influence on the evolution of veterinary school libraries, particularly during the years of major growth in the number of new veterinary colleges in the United States and Canada. In the 1990s and beyond, both libraries and accreditation standards continue to evolve in response to changes in technology, economics, publishing methods, and more. This latter is a story yet to be told.

CHCHD2 is a potential prognostic factor for NSCLC and is associated with HIF-1a expression

BackgroundCHCHD2 was identified a novel cell migration-promoting gene, which could promote cell migration and altered cell adhesion when ectopically overexpressed in NIH3T3 fibroblasts, and it was identified as a protein necessary for OxPhos function as well. However, the clinic relevance of CHCHD2 expression in NSCLC remains unclear. Here we assumed that CHCHD2 expression would accompanies the expression of HIF-1α to response hypoxia in the occurrence of NSCLC.MethodsIn order to verify this hypothesis, correlations among the expression levels of CHCHD2 and HIF-1α were detected and analyzed in 209 pair cases of NSCLC. The expression and location of these molecules were assessed using Immunohistochemistry, immunohistofluorescence, qRT-PCR and western blotting. The differences and correlations of the expression of these two molecules with clinical pathological characteristics in NSCLC were statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon (W) text, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis H and cross-table tests. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the effect of the expression of CHCHD2 and HIF-1α on the patients’ survival.ResultsData showed that CHCHD2 and HIF-1α expression were higher in NSCLC than in normal tissues (all P = 0.000). CHCHD2 expression was significantly related with smoking, tumor size, differentiation degree, TNM Stage, lymph metastasis (all P<0.05). The HIF-1α expression was significantly associated with smoking, tumor category, differentiation degree, TNM Stage, Lymph metastasis (all P<0.05). There was a marked correlation of CHCHD2 and HIF-1α expression with histological type, differentiation and lymph metastasis of NSCLC (all P<0.05, rs>0.3). Immunohistofluorescence showed that there were co-localization phenomenon in cytoplasm and nucleus between CHCHD2 and HIF-1α expression. NSCLC patients with higher CHCHD2 and HIF-1α expression had a significantly worse prognosis than those with lower CHCHD2 and HIF-1α expression (all P = 0.0001; log-rank test). The multivariate analysis indicated that CHCHD2 expression was an independent prognostic factor in NSCLC (hazard ratio [HR], 0.492, P = 0.001).ConclusionOur results indicate that over-expression of CHCHD2 would promote the expression of HIF-1α to adapt the hypoxia microenviroment in NSCLC and CHCHD2 could serves as a prognostic biomarker in NSCLC.

P1600 Aortic dilatation in patients with chronic descending aorta dissection is related to maximum false-lumen systolic flow deceleration rate as evaluated by 4D-flow MRI

Abstract Background Due to improved surgical strategies a growing number of patients survive acute aortic dissection. Patent false lumen (FL) is common in chronic dissection and it has been associated with poor prognosis, which is mainly driven by FL expansion. Several variables indirectly related to flow characteristics have been associated with progressive aortic dilation. We aimed to evaluate whether the maximum systolic flow deceleration rate (MSDR) in the FL, quantified by 4D-flow MR, is related to FL dilation in chronic type B aortic dissection. Methods Twenty-nine patients with a patent FL after aortic dissection and a prior follow-up of at least 3 years underwent contrast-enhanced 4D-flow MR. Marfan patients were excluded. Time-resolved FL flow acceleration was calculated in a 5 cm-long volume of the descending aorta around the level of the pulmonary bifurcation. MSDR was determined as the maximum minus the minimum acceleration in systole over the corresponding time interval (Figure 1a). Aortic growth rate (GR) was measured as the difference between final and initial maximum FL diameters obtained by angio-CT divided by follow-up duration. Population was divided into tertiles based on GR. Results Demographic and clinical variables were similar among GR tertiles (Table). MSDR was lower in patients with a GR &amp;lt;1mm/year (group 1) compared to both the other two patient groups (p = 0.009 and 0.003 for groups 2 and 3, respectively) (Figure 1c). MSDR showed a marked positive linear correlation with GR (R = 0.481, p = 0.008) (Figure 1b). Conclusions The MSDR in the FL of chronic type B aortic dissection is linearly related to FL growth rate and discriminated between tertiles of aortic dilation. Prospective longitudinal studies are need to unveil possible prognostic value of this parameter. Table Group 1 (n = 9) Group 2 (n = 10) Group 3 (n = 10) p-value Age (years) 63.44 ±13.54 62.50 ± 13.60 64.56 ± 6.67 0.902 BSA (m2) 2.00 ± 0.18 1.77 ± 0.20 1.94 ± 0.12 0.213 Men 6 (86%) 4 (57%) 4 (100%) 0.210 Hypertension 4 (66%) 5 (71%) 4 (100%) 0.438 Atheroclerosis 1 (17%) 1 (14%) 0 (0%) 0.699 Initial Diameter (mm) 45.00 ± 7.69 36.00 ± 4.20 37.00 ± 6.48 0.078 Final Diameter (mm) 49.50 ± 6.74 44.86 ± 5.70 59.25 ± 9.84 0.049 Follow-up (year) 11.83 ± 8.79 7.82 ± 3.34 8.08 ± 4.05 0.921 GR (mm/year) 0.27 ± 0.29 1.18 ± 0.26 2.64 ± 0.97 &amp;lt;0.001 MSDR (cm/s3) 1212.18 ± 467.61 2410.54 ± 1034.30 2558.16 ± 1098.06 0.005 Abstract P1600 Figure 1