Marine Food Production Research Articles

Comparative analysis of different DNA barcoding methods for Veneroida classification and identification

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 不同DNA条形码基因在帘蛤目贝类分类鉴定中的比较分析 DOI: 作者: 作者单位: 1. 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所, 农业农村部海洋渔业可持续发展重点实验室, 山东 青岛 266071;2. 海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室, 青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室, 山东 青岛 266273;3. 水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心, 上海海洋大学, 上海 201306;4. 烟台市水产研究所, 山东 烟台 264000 作者简介: 吴彪(1982-),男,副研究员,从事贝类遗传育种与繁育研究.E-mail:wubiao@ysfri.ac.cn 通讯作者: 中图分类号: S917 基金项目: 科技部科技基础性工作专项（2013FY110700）；国家水产种质资源共享服务平台（2017DKA30470）. Comparative analysis of different DNA barcoding methods for Veneroida classification and identification Author: Affiliation: 1. Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs;Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;2. Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266273, China;3. National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;4. Yantai Fisheries Research Institute, Yantai 264000, China Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:DNA条形码基因已经广泛应用在海洋贝类的分类鉴定、系统发育进化、种群遗传分析等领域的研究。为进一步研究评估不同DNA条形码基因在海洋贝类鉴定中的作用，本研究利用从GenBank数据库随机下载的帘蛤目COI、16S rRNA、18S rRNA和28S rRNA基因序列，通过传统距离法和单系聚类法结合分析，比较了上述DNA条形码基因在鉴定物种及系统发育进化中的鉴定效率，并以本实验室已获得的部分贝类DNA序列进行了验证。结果表明，根据“10倍法则”和“2%”阈值标准，本研究中COI能够鉴定57.1%物种，16S rRNA能够鉴定60.9%，18S rRNA鉴定16.7%，而28S rRNA无法有效鉴定；多数种COI和16S rRNA基因序列的种间遗传距离和种内遗传距离存在“条形码间隙”，而18S rRNA和28S rRNA序列的种间和种内的遗传距离存在显著重叠，没有明显“条形码间隙”；聚类分析结果表明，基于COI基因序列，87.9%的个体与同种聚为单系，以16S rRNA序列，65.6%的个体与同种聚为单系，未聚成单系的个体则形成姐妹系，未出现不同种聚为单系现象，能够呈现与形态分类基本一致的系统发生关系；但18S rRNA和28S rRNA呈现的聚类关系相对混乱。相对而言，在鉴定帘蛤目物种时，COI和16S rRNA都能够作为条形码基因，且COI有效性更高，18S rRNA和28S rRNA基因由于种内变异较大，不适于作为条码基因。研究结果为科学选用DNA条形码基因进行帘蛤目贝类的鉴定提供了参考资料。 Abstract:DNA barcoding has been widely used in the fields of taxonomy, identification, phylogenetic evolution, and population genetic analysis of marine shellfish. To further evaluate the identification validity of different DNA barcoding genes in marine shellfish, sequences of COI, 16S rRNA, 18S rRNA, and 28S rRNA from Veneroida were randomly downloaded from the GenBank database, analyzed by the distance-and tree-based methods, and taxonomic relation established by the tree-based method, and compared the results with some sequences from our laboratory. According to the "10×rule" and "2%" standard criterion, 57.1% of species could be distinguished using the COI gene, whereas 16S rRNA identified 60.9%, 18S rRNA identified 16.7%, and 28S rRNA did not identify any species. We also found that there were significant barcode gaps between the genetic distances of pairwise-and within-species in most genera based on COI and 16S rRNA genes; however, there were significant overlaps, instead of barcode gaps, based on 18S rRNA and 28S rRNA. The cluster analysis showed that 87.9% of individuals clustered to a monophyletic group, with other within-species individuals clustered on the COI; and 65.6% 16S rRNA individuals clustered in monophyletic groups. Furthermore individuals without monophyletic groups clustered into sister groups, which revealed that the evolutionary relationships showed by the NJ tree constructed via COI and 16S rRNA mainly agreed with that from the morphological classification, especially that of the COI gene. In contrast, the NJ tree constructed via 18S rRNA and 28S rRNA genes showed disordered clustering relationships, including some individuals from different species cluster to monophyletic groups. In the present study, the results clearly suggested that both COI and 16S rRNA can be used as DNA barcodes in identifying species in Veneroida, particular COI, but 18S rRNA and 28S rRNA are not suitable because of the large intraspecific variation. This study provides new data for DNA barcode selection in Veneroida. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

An analysis of the indirect genetic effect on the body weight of Fenneropenaeus chinensis under restrictive feeding conditions

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 限制投喂环境下中国对虾体重的间接遗传效应分析 DOI: 作者: 作者单位: 1. 上海海洋大学水产与生命学院, 上海 201306;2. 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所, 农业农村部海洋渔业资源可持续利用重点开放实验室, 山东 青岛 266071;3. 青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室, 山东 青岛 266071 作者简介: 仲伟鹏(1992-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事水产动物遗传育种研究.E-mail:pingtanxue@163.com 通讯作者: 中图分类号: S917 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金面上项目（31572616）；泰山学者种业人才团队项目；现代农业产业技术体系专项（CARS-48）. An analysis of the indirect genetic effect on the body weight of Fenneropenaeus chinensis under restrictive feeding conditions Author: Affiliation: 1. College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;2. Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao 266071, China;3. Qingdao National Laboratory of Marine Science and Technology, Functional Laboratory of Marine Fishery Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao 266071, China Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:为研究竞争性环境下中国对虾（）体重性状的间接遗传效应，设计多家系多分组方案，对来源于中国对虾G11代育种群体的103个测试家系限制配合饲料投喂量（正常投喂量50%），利用经典动物模型和包含间接遗传效应的扩展动物模型估算收获体重的遗传参数。基于2种模型估计出的经典遗传力分别为0.581±0.071和0.616±0.074。似然比率检验表明，体重的间接遗传效应显著，对总遗传方差的贡献度高达75.03%。由于存在一个较大的负直接遗传效应与间接遗传效应协方差（-2.1982），导致总遗传方差与表型方差的比值仅为0.524±0.212，小于经典的遗传力估计值。基于协方差获得的直接遗传效应与间接遗传效应的遗传相关系数为-0.495±0.184，暗示测试个体间存在较强的竞争交互。本研究表明，在饲料投喂量受限制的竞争性环境下，对虾个体间较强的竞争交互行为，对中国对虾收获体重间接产生了可遗传的效应，减少了可利用的总遗传变异。今后在设计中国对虾育种方案时，应避免在资源受限的强竞争环境下开展性状测试和遗传评估。 Abstract:An additive effect is the main genetic determinant of the phenotypic value of a quantitative trait, but it is a direct genetic effect (DGE) of the trait itself, ignoring the genetic influence of social interaction among individuals in the same group. The expression of genes of an individual has an influence on the phenotypic values of others in the same group, which is an indirect genetic effect (IGE). IGE is generated by social interaction among individuals in the group. IGE has been widely reported in animals and plants. For aquatic animals, IGE has been determined in Nile tilapia, Atlantic cod, and the Pacific white shrimp. The Chinese shrimp () is one of the most representative aquaculture species in China. In , cannibalism and frequent attacks are common phenomena. Attacks among individuals under environmental stress and the fight for food may affect the growth of shrimps. In order to study the indirect genetic effects of body weight in under restrictive feeding conditions, 103 families of the eleventh generation of the breeding population were tested using a multi-family by multi-group design. They were reared for about three months with limited feed and harvest body weight was measured for each individual. Genetic parameters of harvest body weight were estimated using an extended animal model, including IGE. The results showed that the IGE of body weight was significant, with a contribution to the total genetic variance reaching up to 75.03%. There was a negative covariance (-2.1900) between DGE and IGE. Based on the model with IGE, the ratio of total genetic variance to phenotypic variance was 0.524±0.212, which was less than the traditional estimate of heritability (0.616±0.074). In addition, there was a negative genetic correlation between the direct and indirect genetic effects (-0.495), implying that the existence of competitive effects may be detrimental to selective responses. This study demonstrated strong social interaction (competition among individuals) exists in a population of under restrictive feeding conditions, which had a heritable effect on body weight. Considering that the indirect genetic effect under the competitive environment has a greater negative impact on selection, it is inadvisable to conduct breeding programs under a competitive environment. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Screening and characteristic analysis of Bacillus velezensis from sea cucumber ( Apostichopus japonicus ) ponds

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 刺参养殖池塘一株贝莱斯芽孢杆菌的分离及其生理特性 DOI: 作者: 作者单位: 1. 上海海洋大学 水产与生命学院, 上海 201306;2. 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所, 青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室, 海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室, 山东 青岛 266071;3. 山东海跃水产科技有限公司, 山东 东营 257500 作者简介: 王成强(1988-),男,研究实习员,主要从事水产动物营养与饲料研究.E-mail:chengqiangwang@126.com 通讯作者: 中图分类号: S947 基金项目: 山东省农业良种工程重大课题；山东省自主创新与成果转化专项（2014ZZCX06205）；中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目（20603022016008）. Screening and characteristic analysis of Bacillus velezensis from sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) ponds Author: Affiliation: 1. Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;2. College of Fesheries and Life Science, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences;Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao 266071, China;3. Shandong Haiyue Aquatic Science and Technology Co., Ltd, Dongying 257500, China Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:2014年5月，在东营的刺参（）养殖池塘环境中对水样和底泥样品进行了细菌分离和益生菌的筛选，共获得66株可培养细菌。以刺参“腐皮综合征”主要致病菌为指示菌进行拮抗作用实验，使用选择培养基对菌株的产淀粉酶和蛋白酶能力进行测定，筛选获得一株潜在益生菌株——DY-6，并进行了生理生化实验、16S rDNA基因序列分析、菌株生长特性及其对刺参的安全性研究。结果表明，DY-6对其指示菌假交替单胞菌（Vibrio parahaemolyticus）和溶藻弧菌（）均有良好的抑制作用，抑菌圈直径分别达到24 mm、22 mm、27 mm和37 mm，对淀粉和蛋白培养基的水解直径分别为28 mm和20 mm。利用该菌对刺参进行高浓度胁迫实验测试其安全性，实验期间浸浴组和投喂组刺参状态良好，没有发病和死亡现象。利用细菌生理生化和16S rDNA基因序列分析表明，DY-6与贝莱斯芽孢杆菌（ CP015911）的相似性为99%。因此，初步鉴定该菌株为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌。同时，将该菌株与商品化微生态制剂产品中分离的4株益生菌进行了比较，DY-6在温度20~35℃、盐度0~35范围内生长较快，优于上述4株菌，4 h进入对数生长期，10 h达到生长高峰。筛选的贝莱斯芽孢杆菌具有良好的抑菌能力，生长速度快，并且具有广温广盐的优点，不仅能够降低疾病发生率，还可更好地适应黄河口地区夏季水温偏高、盐度波动大的特点，由此具有良好的益生菌商业化开发潜力。 Abstract:To screen local probiotic strains, 66 cultivable bacterial strains were isolated from water and sediment samples from cultured ponds of sea cucumber () in Dongying in May 2014. Bacterial antagonistic experiments were conducted using V. parahaemolyticus and , which are main pathogenic bacteria of ‘skin ulcer syndrome’ for . In addition, selective medium was used to test the amylase production and protease activities of the isolated strains and to isolate a potential probiotic strain, DY-6. Then, its physiological-biochemical experiments and similarity analysis of 16s rDNA sequences as well as the growth characteristics of DY-6 experiments have been conducted. The safety experiment for the sea cucumber was also proceed. The DY-6 strain was successful in inhibiting V. alginolyticus, as indicated by inhibition zone diameters of 24, 22, 27, and 37 mm, respectively. Meanwhile, the hydrolysis zone diameters of amylase and protease were 28 and 20 mm, respectively. A safety experiment was designed to test the safety of DY-6 for sea cucumber. During the experiment, all sea cucumbers were in good conditions without falling ill. Based on physiological and biochemical experiments and 16s rDNA sequence analysis, strain DY-6 was determined to be 99% similar to B. velezensis. When compared to four bacterial strains isolated from commercial probiotic products, DY-6 exhibited superior growth at 20-35℃ and under salinities of 0 to 35. Moreover, DY-6 came into the logarithmic growth phase after 4 h of cultivation and reached growth peak after 10 h. In summary, strain DY-6 exhibited superb inhibition of sea cucumber pathogens, rapid growth, and both euryhalinous and euryhaline features. Therefore, DY-6 could be used to reduce the occurrence of sea cucumber disease and is also suitable for use at high temperatures during summer and in fluctuation salinity levels, as in the Yellow River Estuary. Thus, strain DY-6 has potential for commercial development. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Feeding habits of small yellow croaker Larimichthys polyactis in the Bohai Sea

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 渤海小黄鱼摄食习性 DOI: 作者: 作者单位: 1. 中国海洋大学水产学院, 山东 青岛 266003;2. 农业部海洋渔业可持续发展重点实验室, 山东省渔业资源与生态环境重点实验室, 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所, 山东 青岛 266071;3. 青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室, 山东 青岛 266237 作者简介: 魏秀锦(1993-),女,硕士研究生,主要从事鱼类摄食生态学研究.E-mail:w_xj4185@126.com 通讯作者: 中图分类号: S932 基金项目: 国家重点基础研究发展计划项目（2015CB453303）；中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费资助项目（20603022016003）；山东省泰山学者专项. Feeding habits of small yellow croaker Larimichthys polyactis in the Bohai Sea Author: Affiliation: 1. College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;2. Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture;Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Resources and Eco-Environment, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;3. Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:根据2009年8月至2011年5月4个航次渤海底拖网调查所获得的样品，采用胃含物分析法、K-W检验和聚类分析等方法，对38~218 mm体长范围小黄鱼（）的摄食习性及其随体长、季节的变化进行了研究，并探讨了小黄鱼摄食随海域和年际的时空变化。结果表明：渤海小黄鱼摄食的饵料有40余种，主要以鱼类、虾类和浮游动物为食，优势饵料种类为六丝钝尾虾虎鱼（Euphausia pacifica）、长额刺糠虾（）。渤海小黄鱼在春夏秋这三个季节中，春季的摄食强度最低，夏季和秋季的摄食强度都较高，不同的是夏季摄食率更高，而秋季的摄食量更高。随着体长的增大，渤海小黄鱼的摄食策略发生了相应的变化。从摄食强度分析，在体长较小时，胃饱满指数低，小黄鱼通过高摄食率来提高摄食强度；随着体长的增加，通过高胃饱满指数来提高摄食强度。从摄食的饵料个体分析，小黄鱼采取了随着体长增加摄食饵料个数减少，饵料个体增大的摄食策略。从摄食的饵料组成分析，小黄鱼随着体长增加发生了显著的食性转换现象：体长小于60 mm属浮游动物食性；体长60~99 mm时，属混合动物食性；体长100~119 mm时，属虾食性；体长超过120 mm，包括了虾/鱼食性和鱼食性。小黄鱼摄食的时空变化与环境中优势饵料生物的数量波动密切相关。 Abstract:Based on four bottom trawl surveys conducted in the Bohai Sea from August 2009 to May 2011, 2979 stomach samples of small yellow croaker with body lengths of 38-218 mm were collected. Stomach contents analysis, the Kruskal-Wallis test and the cluster analysis were used to study their feeding habits and ontogenetic, temporal and spatial variations. The results indicated that small yellow croaker fed on more than 40 prey species. Euphausia pacifica, were the dominant prey item. With the increase of fish size, there is a corresponding change in the feeding strategy of the Bohai Sea small yellow croaker. According to the feeding intensity, as indicated by the percentage of empty stomachs (PES) and mean stomach fullness index (MSFI), MSFI was low at the smaller fish size, resulting in the small yellow croaker increasing the feeding intensity as observed by the low PES. With the increase of fish size, the feeding intensity was enhanced by increasing MSFI. According to the prey items, the mean number of prey per fish decreased significantly with the increased fish size, while the mean weight of prey items per fish increased. According to diet compositions, the feeding habits of small yellow croaker had significant ontogenetic variations. Small yellow croaker less than 60 mm in body length mainly fed on the zooplanktivores copepoda, euphausiacea and mysidacea. At 60-99 mm long, it mainly fed on demersal shrimps and copepoda. The frequency of demersal shrimps in the food increased gradually with the increasing fish size, whereas the frequency of copepod decreased. Thus, fish with a 60-99 mm body length belonged to the generalist predators group. At 100-119 mm long, it belonged to shrimp predators group, mainly feeding on demersal shrimps at a frequency of more than 60%, and fish. It still mainly fed on demersal shrimps and fish at greater than 120 mm in body length with the frequency of fish in the food increasing gradually, and ultimately more than the frequency of demersal shrimps (beyond 60%). Thus, fish greater than 120 mm long included shrimp/fish predators and piscivores. The feeding intensity varied significantly across seasons. The feeding intensity of spring was lowest and the feeding intensity of summer and autumn were higher. The difference in the feeding rate was higher (PES was lower) in summer and the feeding amount (MSFI) was higher in autumn. Seasonal variations were also discovered in diet composition. were the dominant preys in spring, were the dominant preys in summer, whereas was the dominant prey in autumn. By analyzing historical data, we found that the feeding habits of small yellow croaker in the Bohai Sea were closely related to the composition and abundance of dominant prey organisms. The temporal and spatial variations in the feeding habits of small yellow croaker is closely related to the fluctuation of dominant prey species in the environment. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Analysis of evolutionary relationships of important shellfish in China based on the DNA barcoding COI gene

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 利用DNA条形码COI基因分析我国重要贝类系统进化关系 DOI: 作者: 作者单位: 1. 农业农村部海洋渔业可持续发展重点实验室, 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所, 山东 青岛 266071;2. 海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室, 青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室, 山东 青岛 266273;3. 水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心, 上海海洋大学, 上海 201306 作者简介: 赵庆(1992-),男,研究生,研究方向为贝类遗传与免疫.E-mail:sjxapy@163.com 通讯作者: 中图分类号: S917 基金项目: 科技部科技基础性工作专项（2013FY110700）；国家水产种质资源共享服务平台（2017DKA30470）. Analysis of evolutionary relationships of important shellfish in China based on the DNA barcoding COI gene Author: Affiliation: 1. Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;2. Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Techuology, Qingdao 266273, China;3. National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:DNA条形码旨在通过PCR技术获得一段DNA序列，在物种水平上对现存生物类群和未知生物材料进行识别和鉴定。线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶I（COI）基因是常用DNA条形码基因之一，为研究COI基因作为DNA条形码在贝类系统进化中的评估效果，本文利用PCR技术扩增获得了60个贝类物种的353条COI基因序列，通过聚类法构建了neighbor-joining（NJ）进化树，同时还对7个物种不同地理群体的遗传进化情况进行了分析。结果表明，选用的COI基因引物在大多数贝类中通用性较强，除在珍珠贝目中的扩增效率只有10%以外，在整个研究中扩增效率达到82.7%；60个物种中除太平洋潜泥蛤（Scapharca broughtoni）等8个物种在进化树中的进化地位与传统系统分类具有一定差别外，其他物种的聚类关系与传统分类基本一致；对7个物种、共26个地理群体的聚类分析发现，COI基因基本能对同一物种的不同地理群体进行聚类，只有极个别群体或群体中的某个个体存在聚类混乱现象。综上所述，COI基因在一定程度上适用于贝类物种鉴别和系统发育研究，丰富了COI基因在物种鉴别应用中的科学数据。 Abstract:DNA barcodes can be used to identify existing biological groups and unknown biomaterials through shorter DNA sequences using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The mitochondrial cytochrome coxidase I (COI) gene is one of the commonly used DNA barcoding genes. In the present study, to analyze the effectiveness of the COI gene for DNA barcoding in mollusk evolution, 353 sequences of 60 species belonging to 13 orders and 33 families were obtained by PCR amplification for clustering analysis. A neighbor-joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree was constructed by Mega, and the genetic evolution of seven species from different populations was also analyzed. The results showed that the universal primers of the COI gene were highly versatile for most shellfish. Although the amplification efficiency of primers in Pterioida was only 10%, it reached 82.7% for the individuals. Except for the evolutionary status of eight species, such as , the clustering relationships of other species were similar to results obtained using traditional methods. Based on the clustering analysis of 7 species from 26 geographical groups, it was found that the COI gene generally clustered the different geographical groups of the same species first, and some individuals in the population or group had clustering disorder. In conclusion, the COI gene could be applied to the identification and phylogenetic studies of shellfish species to a certain extent, which would enhance the role of the COI gene in practical applications of species identification, and provide reference data for the construction of shellfish DNA barcoding databases. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Linear mixed-effects models for estimating spatiotemporal variations of length-weight relationships for Lophius litulon

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 基于线性混合效应模型的黄(鱼安)鱇体长体重关系的时空差异 DOI: 作者: 作者单位: 1. 中国海洋大学水产学院, 山东 青岛 266003;2. 山东省水生生物资源养护管理中心, 山东 烟台 264003;3. 青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室, 山东 青岛 266237 作者简介: 衷思剑(1994-),男,硕士研究生,从事渔业资源生态学研究.E-mail:zsj4319@163.com 通讯作者: 中图分类号: S932 基金项目: 中央高校基本科研业务费专项（201562030，201612004）. Linear mixed-effects models for estimating spatiotemporal variations of length-weight relationships for Lophius litulon Author: Affiliation: 1. Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;2. Shandong Hydrobios Resources Conservation and Management Center, Yantai 264003, China;3. Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes;Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:为了研究黄（鱼安）鱇（）生活史特征的异质性，根据秋（2016年10月）、冬（2017年1月）、春（2017年5月）和夏（2017年8月）4个季节在山东近海的底拖网调查数据，对该物种体长-体重关系的时空差异进行了研究。本文构建了广义线性模型和9个线性混合效应模型，用来研究黄（鱼安）鱇的体长-体重关系（的固定值（2.77）小于3，表示黄（鱼安）鱇为负异速生长，肥满度与体长负相关，身体趋于细长。根据AIC值最小原则，最复杂的线性混合效应模型（即水域和季节对两个参数均存在随机效应）拟合效果最佳；交叉验证的结果同样表明，该模型的预测效果最为可靠。根据最佳模型和广义线性模型的差异性分析结果，黄（鱼安）鱇体长-体重关系的时空差异是极显著的（值则与此相反。整体来看，纬度高的黄（鱼安）鱇个体值与水深没有表现出明显规律。本研究表明，季节和纬度对黄（鱼安）鱇的体长-体重关系具有显著的影响，混合效应模型能把水域和季节的异质性通过随机效应在单个模型中更准确、方便地体现出来，从而进一步证实了此模型在数据来源异质性研究中的优势。 Abstract:In order to provide data support for stock assessment and fishery management of , the spatiotemporal variations of the length-weight relationships for this species were studied, based on the survey data from the bottom-trawl surveys in Shandong coastal waters in the four seasons:autumn (October 2016), winter (January 2017), spring (May 2017) and summer (August 2017). One generalized linear model and 9 linear mixed effect models were constructed to study the length-weight relationships () and their spatiotemporal variations. According to the principle of minimum AIC value, the most complex linear mixed effect model (i.e. regions and seasons have random effects on parameter ) was the best. Cross validation results showed that the prediction effect of this model is the most reliable one among the 10 candidate models. -test between the best model and the generalized linear model revealed that the spatiotemporal variations of the length-weight relationships were significant ( value of the individuals in spring was the largest, followed by autumn and winter, and finally summer; the trend of the increased with latitude, without an obvious trend for depth, which might be resulted from limited sample size. The fixed value of (2.77) was less than 3, indicating the negative allometric growth pattern of . The fatness was negatively related to length and tended towards a slender body. This study showed that season and latitude have significant influences on the length-weight relationships of . The mixed effect model could reflect the heterogeneity of regions and seasons in a single model more accurately and conveniently, which could be applied to more heterogeneity studies of fish life history traits. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

DNA barcoding: A potential tool for fishery biodiversity conservation

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 DNA条形码在渔业生物多样性保护中的应用 DOI: 作者: 作者单位: 1. 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所, 山东 青岛 266071;2. 青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室, 海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室, 山东 青岛 266200;3. 中国水产科学研究院, 北京 100141 作者简介: 柳淑芳,研究员,从事渔业生物学研究.E-mail:liusf@ysfri.ac.cn 通讯作者: 中图分类号: S917 基金项目: 科技部科技基础性工作专项（2013FY110700）；中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项（2014A11）；山东省泰山学者建设工程专项. DNA barcoding: A potential tool for fishery biodiversity conservation Author: Affiliation: 1. Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;2. Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, China;3. Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 100141, China Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:生物多样性与人类存亡休戚相关，保护生物多样性是实现人类社会可持续发展的基础。本文立足我国渔业生物多样性现状，针对我国渔业生物过度开发和保护不足等难题，提出了通过开展渔业生物DNA条形码研究来推动我国渔业生物多样性学科发展的思路，详细阐述了DNA条形码在渔业生物资源可持续开发、物种分类鉴定、生物多样性监测、外来物种评价、水产品市场监管、渔业信息化等多个领域的应用现状，进一步展望了DNA条形码可以成为渔业生物区系研究、水域生态研究、电子分类技术以及宏DNA条形码新技术等多个方面的研究热点，呼吁扎实推进我国渔业生物DNA条形码数据库和信息化平台的建设和共享。 Abstract:The Earth's biodiversity are closely altered by a variety of human activities at all scale from local to global. These changes have a strong potential effect to biological communities, ecosystem properties, social affairs and economic development they provide. China fishery is characterized by high biodiversity which cover 10 percent of the total earth species because its role geographical position that occupies the eastern part of the Eurasian continent adjacent to the western Pacific Ocean. In recent years, it is a very realistic and important scientific problem to protect and rationally utilize the biodiversity of fisheries globally. However, insufficient protection and hard utilization of fishery isn't a single case in China. To promote the development of fishery biological diversity in China, this paper puts forward the idea of DNA bar code methods for performing in fishery biology activities. It reviewed how DNA barcode expounds the sustainable development in the fishery biological resources, species identification and classification, fishery biodiversity monitoring, foreign species evaluation, market and supervision, fishery information and so on. Besides that, it further discussed the recent prospects for the DNA barcode in the biologic study of fishery organisms, water ecological research, electronic classification technology and the new technology of meta DNA barcoding. This research had appealed the continuous researches on construction of a fishery DNA barcode database and information platform of China which need to be constructed and shared nationally and globally. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Population genetic structure of Thamnaconus septentrionalis in China's coastal waters based on mitochondrial Cyt b sequences

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 基于线粒体Cyt b基因序列的绿鳍马面鲀6个野生群体的遗传结构分析 DOI: 作者: 作者单位: 1. 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所, 山东 青岛 266071;2. 农业农村部外海渔业开发重点实验室, 广东 广州 510300;3. 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所, 广东 广州 510300;4. 青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室, 海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室, 山东 青岛 266071;5. 上海海洋大学 水产与生命学院, 上海 201306 作者简介: 边力(1988-),助理研究员,博士,研究方向为鱼类遗传育种.E-mail:bianli@ysfri.ac.cn 通讯作者: 中图分类号: Q347;S931.5 基金项目: 农业部外海渔业开发重点实验室开放课题（LOF 2017-05）；中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所级基本科研业务费项目（20603022017014）. Population genetic structure of Thamnaconus septentrionalis in China's coastal waters based on mitochondrial Cyt b sequences Author: Affiliation: 1. Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;2. Key Laboratory of Open-Sea Fishery Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510300, China;3. South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China;4. Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China;5. College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:利用线粒体细胞色素b（cytochrome b，Cyt ）6个野生群体（大连、秦皇岛、蓬莱、日照、舟山和汕头）的遗传多样性和群体遗传结构。结果显示，在176个个体915 bp的Cyt 部分序列中共检测到32个变异位点和30个单倍型；6个群体的单倍型多样性为0.883~0.953，核苷酸多样性0.0032~0.0039；群体间固定指数较小，呈中低度分化；AMOVA分析表明，遗传变异主要来源于群体内，群体间遗传分化未达到显著水平。群体历史动态分析表明，绿鳍马面鲀在16.9万~42.2万年前经历种群扩张。总体上，各群体间的遗传分化较小，并未形成相应的地理支系，推测黑潮的输送作用以及绿鳍马面鲀的洄游习性维持了各群体间高强度的基因交流；中更新世中晚期的气候波动对绿鳍马面鲀的种群扩张以及地理分布格局可能具有重要影响。本研究结果加深了人们对于绿鳍马面鲀资源情况的认识，为绿鳍马面鲀资源的保护和合理利用提供了理论依据。 Abstract:Genetic data have aided fishery conservation research and management by facilitating the detection of genetically distinct populations, the measurement of genetic connectivity, and the identification of the risks associated with demographic change and inbreeding. is an important economic marine fish species in China and inhabits in the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea and South China Sea. has become an important fishing target in the East China Sea since 1974. Its annual catches were once second only to has declined sharply since 1990 due to overfishing and ocean environmental change. To provide better protection and effective recovery for this species, it is urgent to evaluate its population structure and genetic diversity. However, population surveys of in China's coastal waters were rare. No population structure research based on molecular makers was available. In this study, we amplified the partial mitochondrial Cyt gene sequences of 176 individuals from six populations (Dalian, Qinhuangdao, Penglai, Rizhao, Zhoushan, and Shantou). The results showed that 32 polymorphic nucleotide sites and 30 haplotypes were detected among all the Cyt sequences. The haplotype diversity ranged from 0.883 to 0.953, and the nucleotide diversity was 0.0032-0.0039. This genetic diversity pattern was probably caused by a recent demographic expansion in the Pleistocene, a rapid population growth after 1970, and the adaptable biological characteristics of . Although the haplotype diversity was high, the genetic diversity is still vulnerable to overfishing. AMOVA analysis showed that the genetic differentiation of mainly occurred within the population variation. The genetic differentiations among populations were weak and no groups were identified. The high gene exchange among populations is probably caused by the seasonal migration behaviors of the adults and the long-distance transportation of juveniles by the Kuroshio (Black) Current. Demographic history analysis showed that the six populations experienced rapid population growth 0.17-0.42 Mya. This time point was within the middle Pleistocene. During this period, sea levels changed dramatically due to unstable temperatures. We speculate that the sea level changes during the middle Pleistocene might have had significant influence on the population expansion of . To our knowledge, this is the first population genetics research on in China's coastal waters based on molecular markers. This study could deepen our understanding of how to optimize the utilization of the natural resources of . 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Linked sustainability challenges and trade-offs among fisheries, aquaculture and agriculture.

Fisheries and aquaculture make a crucial contribution to global food security, nutrition and livelihoods. However, the UN Sustainable Development Goals separate marine and terrestrial food production sectors and ecosystems. To sustainably meet increasing global demands for fish, the interlinkages among goals within and across fisheries, aquaculture and agriculture sectors must be recognized and addressed along with their changing nature. Here, we assess and highlight development challenges for fisheries-dependent countries based on analyses of interactions and trade-offs between goals focusing on food, biodiversity and climate change. We demonstrate that some countries are likely to face double jeopardies in both fisheries and agriculture sectors under climate change. The strategies to mitigate these risks will be context-dependent, and will need to directly address the trade-offs among Sustainable Development Goals, such as halting biodiversity loss and reducing poverty. Countries with low adaptive capacity but increasing demand for food require greater support and capacity building to transition towards reconciling trade-offs. Necessary actions are context-dependent and include effective governance, improved management and conservation, maximizing societal and environmental benefits from trade, increased equitability of distribution and innovation in food production, including continued development of low input and low impact aquaculture.

Comprehensive strategy for pesticide residue analysis through the production cycle of gilthead sea bream and Atlantic salmon

Plant ingredients and processed animal proteins are alternative feedstuffs for fish feeds in aquaculture. However, their use can introduce contaminants like pesticides that are not previously associated with marine Atlantic salmon and gilthead sea bream farming. This study covers the screening of around 800 pesticides by gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to high resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry in matrices throughout the entire marine food production chain. Prior to analysis of real-world samples, the screening methodology was validated for 252 pesticides to establish the screening detection limit. This was 0.01 mg kg−1 for 113 pesticides (45%), 0.05 mg kg−1 for 73 pesticides (29%) and >0.05 mg kg−1 for 66 pesticides (26%). After that, a quantitative methodology based on GC coupled to tandem mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source (GC-APCI-MS/MS) was optimized for the pesticides found in the screening. Although several polar pesticides, of which pirimiphos methyl and chlorpyriphos-methyl were most dominant, were found in plant material and feeds based on these ingredients, none of them were observed in fillets of Atlantic salmon and gilthead sea bream fed on these feeds.

Exploring Valuable Lipids in Diatoms

Diatoms are one major group of algae in oceans that accounts almost half of marine primary food production and have also been identified as a promising candidate for biofuel production for their high level accumulation of lipids. They have gained increasingly attention for their potential applications in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, nutrient supplements and biofuels. This review aims to summarize the recent advances in diatom lipid study. Chemical structures and bioactivities of different lipid classes are discussed with a focus on valuable lipids such as fatty acids, polar lipids, steroids, and oxylipins from various diatoms species. Further, current extraction and fractionation approaches are compared and recent analytical techniques and methods are also reviewed with an emphasis on lipid class composition and fatty acid profiling. Biosynthetic pathways and key catalyzing enzymes are illustrated for a better understanding of fatty acid metabolism. Past engineering attempts towards generating appropriate diatom strains for lipid production are discussed with examples using mutagenesis, environmental stimulants and genetic modification methods. Some possible future directions and applications of diatom-derived lipids are also proposed.

Etiological and pathological analyses of massive mortality in cultured crab Portunus trituberculatus along the coasts of Tianjin and Hebei, China

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 津冀地区养殖三疣梭子蟹大量死亡的病原和病理分析 DOI: 作者: 作者单位: 1. 上海海洋大学 水产与生命学院, 上海 201306;2. 中国水产科学研究院 黄海水产研究所, 青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室, 海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室, 山东 青岛 266071;3. 天津市水生动物疫病预防控制中心, 天津 300221;4. 青岛中仁动物药品公司, 山东 胶州 266300 作者简介: 王印庚(1963-),博士,研究员,主要从事水产动物疾病防控、刺参养殖技术研究.E-mail:wangyg@ysfri.ac.cn;杨洋,共同第一作者 通讯作者: 中图分类号: S941 基金项目: “十二五”国家科技支撑计划课题（2012BAD17B03）；山东省自主创新与成果转化专项（2014ZZCX06205）；山东省海洋经济创新发展区域示范项目——山东省海水养殖重要疾病高效专用药物研发及产业化项目 Etiological and pathological analyses of massive mortality in cultured crab Portunus trituberculatus along the coasts of Tianjin and Hebei, China Author: Affiliation: 1. College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;2. Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences; Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao 266071, China;3. Tianjin Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Tianjin 300221, China;4. Qingdao Zhongren Animal Health Product Company, Jiaozhou 266300, China Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:2014年7月，津冀沿海地区池塘养殖三疣梭子蟹（）暴发疾病，导致大量死亡。患病梭子蟹有两种不同表现症状：一种症状为停止摄食，空胃、空肠，行动迟缓；肌肉白浊、不透明，最后乳化呈牙膏状；该病死亡率达60%~70%，称之为“肌肉白浊病”。另一种症状为壳软，停止摄食，行动迟缓；肌肉变白浊、水样变化、萎缩；体腔液及组织坏死液化后从组织中大量渗出，不凝固；死亡率可达90%以上，称之为“牛奶病”。通过疾病流行特征、组织病理、病原超微结构等分析，初步判断肌肉白浊病由一种微孢子虫感染而致，虫体大小（1544±250） nm，呈椭球形，极丝圈数8~9圈，具孢壁[厚（130±22） nm]，纤毛（长120~500 nm）、极体[（726±200） nm]、极管、固定盘、质膜、核等结构；牛奶病则是由一种血卵涡鞭虫（sp.）感染而致，虫体大小8~10 μm，卵圆形，体表多皱褶、凸起，由细胞壁、多核、纤毛等组成。两种患病蟹的肌肉组织病变明显不同：患肌肉白浊病的蟹肌纤维断裂、溃散、浆质化，肌束减少并被团状集聚的寄生虫充斥、占据。电镜观察显示肌纤维细胞破碎、融合，出现大量空泡结构；肌纤维细胞的线粒体、内质网等细胞器解体、消失。患牛奶病的蟹肌束间隙变大，大量血卵涡鞭虫或充斥在间隙中或附着在肌纤维上，导致肌纤维断裂、离散解体，甚至溶解性坏死，组织呈水样变化。电镜观察也证实这两种寄生虫可同时感染三疣梭子蟹个体的同一组织；当肌纤维细胞破碎融合后，两种寄生虫均能寄生在融合后的胞浆中。从发病史来看，肌肉白浊病和牛奶病的发生有蔓延趋势，死亡率趋向更高，已逐步成为三疣梭子蟹养殖的重要疾病。 Abstract:In July 2014, the widely cultured pond crab (commonly called Chinese swimming crab) had a disease outbreak along the coasts of Tianjin and Hebei provinces, China, resulting in massive mortalities. Symptoms of two different illnesses appeared in the crabs. One was white muscle disease (WMD), with its symptoms being anorexia, slowed movement, and the muscles turning opaque white and finally emulsifying into a toothpaste-like consistency. Mortality among the crabs displaying WMD was 60%-70%. The other was milky disease (MD), which displayed as a softened carapace, cessation of feeding, slowed movement, and the muscles similarly turning opaque white but then becoming watery (‘milky') and finally shrinking; the coelomic fluid and the deteriorated tissue leaked from the body and had not coagulated. Mortality among the crabs displaying MD exceeded 90%. According to the characteristics of the epidemic, and histopathological and ultrastructural analyses, the supposed cause of WMD was infection with a microsporidian. The parasite was ellipsoid, measured (1544±250) nm, and had the following structure: pole filament (8 or 9 laps), spore wall [thickness (130±22) nm], cilium (length 120-500 nm), polaroplast [(726±200) nm], pole tube, anchoring disk, plasma membrane and nucleus. The MD outbreak was caused by sp., a monad, sized 8-10 μm, with an oval shape, and wrinkled and raised surface; its basic structure was a cell wall, multiple nuclei, cilium and other structures. Histopathological examination showed that the two kinds of diseased crabs had significantly different muscle lesions. The crabs associated with WMD had many microsporidia adhering to their muscle fibers, causing the fibers to break, collapse and necrosis, finally reducing them to muscle bundles. SEM observations showed that the muscle cells became fused and acquired a large number of vacuoles, while the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum disintegrated and disappeared. In comparison, the gap in the muscle bundles was bigger in cases of MD, in which numerous parasites occupied or adhered to the muscle fibers, resulting in the fibers rupture, disintegration, and resolvable necrosis. Electron microscopy also confirmed that the two different parasites could infect the same tissue in the same crab, and both parasites could enter the disintegrated cytoplasm after muscle cell fusion. Since the initial epidemic of these diseases, other occurrences of WMD and MD have tended to cause a higher level of mortality, causing concern as significant diseases currently effecting the crab-farming industry. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

The efficacy of new spawning substrates for Sepia esculenta oosperm adhesion

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 金乌贼新型产卵附着基的实验研究 DOI: 作者: 作者单位: 1. 中国海洋大学, 教育部海水养殖重点实验室, 山东 青岛 266003;2. 青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室, 海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室, 山东 青岛 266072 作者简介: 牛超(1991-),男,硕士研究生,从事渔业资源增殖学研究.E-mail:niuchao1231@163.com 通讯作者: 中图分类号: Q96 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（41676153）；国家海洋公益性行业科研专项（201405010）. The efficacy of new spawning substrates for Sepia esculenta oosperm adhesion Author: Affiliation: 1. The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education;Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;2. Functional Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes;Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266072, China Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:2015年6-7月和2016年6-7月在青岛金沙滩水产有限公司室内产卵池中开展了不同材料、不同颜色、不同水深金乌贼（）产卵附着基附卵效果对比实验，以及柽柳附卵器对附卵效果的影响实验。实验用产卵附着基为0.33 m×0.33 m×0.33 m的十字形可折叠钢丝框架，上覆黑白2种聚乙烯网衣材料；每个产卵池中金乌贼亲体数量约35只，雌雄比约为1：1，胴长（139.2±1.1）mm，体重（435.9±8.5）g。同时选用等比例放大的1.0 m×1.0 m×1.0 m钢筋框架与不同颜色网衣制作的十字形可折叠附着基，于2015年6-7月在青岛斋堂岛附近海域（35°36'6"N，119°54'8"E）和杨家洼湾前附近海域（35°36'6"N，119°50'50"E），以及2016年6-7月在青岛薛家岛近海（35°57'24"N，120°16'22"E）和杨家洼湾前附近海域（35°35'45"N，119°50'38"E）开展了海区附卵验证实验。结果表明：室内同一水体环境中柽柳附卵效果最佳，其次是十字形附着基，海参框附卵效果最差；白色十字形附着基的附卵效果显著优于黑色（<0.05）；柽柳附卵器对附卵效果有积极影响，加装柽柳附卵器的十字形附着基附卵效果明显提高；产卵池底层摆放的十字形附着基的附卵效果显著优于表层悬挂的十字形附着基（<0.01）。海区附卵验证结果表明：2015年和2016年海区投放的十字形附着基附卵效果良好，最高附卵率分别为82.14%和56.72%；海区投放的黑色和白色十字形附着基的附卵效果差异不显著（<0.05）。综合分析认为，在金乌贼产卵繁殖季节，选择其重要产卵场和主要增殖放流海区水深15~20 m的缓流区，底层设置十字形可折叠产卵附着基，可有效进行资源增殖与产卵场修复。 Abstract:In recent years, stock enhancement in Shandong province has been carried out in two ways. One is to release hatchery-reared juvenile . The other is to provide suitable spawning substrates made of salt cedar branches or sweet wormwood branches. The materials for the spawning substrates are cheap, and the substrates are also appropriate for conservation and enhancement. However, the materials can't be reused and are easily damaged on transportation and deployment. Furthermore, successive cuttings of salt cedar and sweet wormwood significantly damage the two terrestrial plant species. Therefore, in order to improve stock enhancement and to further expand the stock enhancement scale, identification of environment-friendly spawning substrates has become an important issue. A study on different types of spawning substrates for oosperm adhesion was conducted in an indoor spawning pool. Additionally, the adhesion of oosperms to the spawning substrates was also examined in the field. The results of the indoor experiment showed that the adhesion of the oosperms on salt cedar branches was the best, followed by that on the cruciform spawning substrates, with that on the sea cucumber frame being the worst. The adhesion of oosperms on the white cruciform spawning substrates was significantly better than on the black ones (<0.05). Attaching salt cedar branches to the cruciform spawning substrates significantly increased oosperm adhesion. In addition, oosperm adhesion on the cruciform spawning substrates, which were placed at the pool bottom, was significantly better than those hung in the upper water (<0.01). In the field experiment, the results showed that oosperm adhesion to the cruciform spawning substrates was good in both 2015 and 2016, with highest oosperm adhesion rates being 82.14% and 56.72%, respectively. Oosperm adhesion was not significantly different between the black and the white cruciform spawning substrates (>0.05). Oosperm adhesion to cruciform spawning substrates that were hung at the sea bottom was significantly better than on those hung near the sea bottom (S. esculenta, resource enhancement and comprehensive protection of the spawning population can be achieved effectively by deploying artificial cruciform and collapsible spawning substrates at the sea bottom in its spawning grounds and in the main enhancement and releasing areas of slack water with depths of 15-20 m. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Characteristics of zooplankton community structure and its seasonal variation in the Yellow River estuary and its adjacent waters

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 黄河口及其邻近水域浮游动物群落结构特征及其季节变化 DOI: 作者: 作者单位: 1. 中国海洋大学 水产学院, 山东 青岛 266003;2. 青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室, 海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室, 山东 青岛 266071 作者简介: 刘晓慧(1992-),硕士研究生,主要从事渔业资源与浮游动物生态学研究.E-mail:xiaohuilala@126.com 通讯作者: 中图分类号: S931 基金项目: 公益性行业（农业）科研专项经费项目（201303050）. Characteristics of zooplankton community structure and its seasonal variation in the Yellow River estuary and its adjacent waters Author: Affiliation: 1. College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;2. Laboratoray for Marine Fishery Science and Food Production Processes;Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:根据2013年8月、10月和2014年2月、5月在黄河口及其邻近水域4个航次的调查数据，分析了该海域浮游动物的种类组成、数量变动、优势种、种类多样性及其季节变化。本次黄河口及其邻近水域调查共鉴定浮游动物43种，其中原生动物、毛颚动物、尾索动物和栉水母各1种，刺胞动物8种，浮游甲壳类18种，浮游幼体及鱼卵、仔稚鱼共13种（类）。浮游动物的平均丰度为2115.64 ind/m3，不计夜光虫的平均丰度为95.93 ind/m3，其中浮游甲壳类占71.43%。浮游动物丰度存在显著的季节变化，数量高峰出现在春季（5月），其次为冬季（2月）、秋季（10月）和夏季（8月）。毛颚动物强壮箭虫（Paracalanus parvus）等桡足类为夏、秋、冬三个季节的主要优势种，夜光虫（H'）和均匀度指数（'）的变化趋势一致，表现为夏秋季高，冬春季低。黄河口及其邻近水域浮游动物的群落结构特征具有明显的季节变化；桡足类和浮游幼体是主要类群，对该水域浮游动物的数量变动及种类多样性的变化具有较大影响。 Abstract:Zooplankton species play a crucial role in the pelagic food chain of coastal ecosystems and may reflect changes to marine environments. Therefore, community structure and seasonal variation in zooplankton assemblages are important for understanding ecosystem structure. In recent decades, anthropogenic activities have caused considerable changes to the environment of the Yellow River estuary and its adjacent waters. To ascertain how the present environment has influenced seasonal changes in zooplankton community structure, data on species composition, abundance, dominant species, and species diversity were collected during August 2013-May 2014 in the Yellow River estuary and its adjacent waters. Dominant species were selected based on a dominance() greater than 0.02. Between-season species fluctuations were described using seasonal replacement rate(). Species diversity in zooplankton communities were measured with the following indices:Margalef species richness('), and K-dominance curves. We identified 30 zooplankton species with 13 types of pelagic larvae, representing six phyla:Protozoa (one species), Chaetognatha (one species), Urochordata (one species), Ctenophora (one species), Coelenterata (eight species), and Crustacea (18 species). Seasonal replacement rates were 64.1% (summer to autumn), 71.4% (autumn to winter), 41.2% (winter to spring), and 70.6% (spring to summer), revealing obvious seasonality in species composition. Average zooplankton abundance was (2115.64±4143.70) ind/m3. Excluding , with Arthropoda accounting for 71.43%. Abundance was highest in spring (May), followed by winter (February), autumn (October), and finally, summer (August). Paracalanus parvus were the main dominant species, whereas was highly dominant in spring, exhibiting large blooms. All four species diversity indices were consistent in seasonal variation, being larger in summer and autumn than in winter and spring. Overall, zooplankton community structure was characterized by seasonal fluctuation. Copepoda and pelagic larvae were the dominant groups, with profound effect on variation in abundance and species diversity. Compared to previous research, zooplankton species composition and dominant species did not change significantly in the Yellow River estuary and its adjacent waters. The big blooms of were at least partially due to water organic pollution. Consequently, its increasing dominance underscores serious water eutrophication in the Yellow River estuary. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Growth and genetic analysis among three homologous inbred strains of Paralichthys olivaceus

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 牙鲆三个同源纯系的生长和遗传性状比较 DOI: 作者: 作者单位: 1. 中国水产科学研究院 黄海水产研究所, 农业部海洋渔业可持续发展重点实验室, 山东 青岛 266071;2. 上海海洋大学 水产与生命学院, 上海 201306;3. 青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室 海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室, 山东 青岛 266200;4. 大连海洋大学 水产与生命学院, 辽宁 大连 116023 作者简介: 田永胜(1964-),博士,研究员,主要从事鱼类低温生物学及遗传育种研究.E-mail:tianys@ysfri.ac.cn 通讯作者: 中图分类号: S917 基金项目: 国家863高技术研究发展计划项目（2012AA10A408）；青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室鳌山科技创新计划项目（2015ASKJ02）；青岛市南区科技发展资金项目（2015-6-023-ZH）. Growth and genetic analysis among three homologous inbred strains of Paralichthys olivaceus Author: Affiliation: 1. Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture;Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;2. College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;3. Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Scicence and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, China;4. College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:利用同一牙鲆（）家系F09119的母本，建立了减数雌核发育系（F1324）、卵裂雌核发育系（F1346）及近交家系（F1313）3个纯系，对3个纯系群体的生长和遗传性状进行比较分析。在受精后85~388 d对3个家系的体长、体宽、体重及成活率进行测定比较，结果显示：F1346生长最快，388 d时体长、体宽和体重分别为（28.89±2.77）cm、（10.00±1.21）cm和（254.91±83.11）g，F1313次之，F1324最慢（<0.05）。388 d时F1324成活率最高（46.50%），F1313次之（38.00%），F1346最低（26.80%）。F1346、F1324和F1313平均等位基因数（）分别为1.87、1.95和2.1，多态信息含量（PIC）分别为0.35、0.36和0.4，平均观测杂合度分别为0、0.8155和0.6366；卵裂雌核发育系和减数雌核发育系的遗传多样性明显低于近交系。平均期望纯合度F1313（0.503） < F1324（0.5105） < F1346（0.532）；平均期望杂合度正好相反，F1313（0.4967） > F1324（0.4894） > F1346（0.4679）。卵裂雌核发育系纯合度是减数雌核发育系的1.0421倍，是近交系的1.0577倍；减数雌核发育系纯合度是近交系的1.0149倍。F1346与F1313之间的遗传距离最大（0.1568），遗传相似度最小（0.8549）；F1346与F1324之间的遗传距离最小（0.0406），遗传相似度最大（0.9602）。本研究结果为牙鲆纯系构建及解析卵裂雌核发育系、减数雌核发育系和近交系的遗传区别提供了理论依据。 Abstract:Establishing meiotic gynogenesis, mitotic gynogenesis, and inbred lines is important for trait purification during selective fish breeding. Yet how these three genetic pathways affect heredity remains the focus of much genetics research. In this study, we used the female parents from family F09119 to establish mitotic gynogenesis (F1346), meiotic gynogenesis (F1324), and an inbred line (F1313) and analyzed their growth and genetic characteristics. Body length, body width, and weight were measured in the three families from 85 to 388 d post fertilization (dpf). Results on 338 dpf showed that growth rate of F1346 was the highest[body length, (28.89±2.77) cm; body width, (10.00±1.21) cm; and weight, (254.91±83.11) g] and that of F1324 was the lowest (<0.05). Survival rate of F1324 on 263 dpf was the highest (46.50%) and that of F1346 was the lowest (26.80%). The numbers of alleles for mitotic gynogenesis, meiotic gynogenesis, and the inbred line were 2.0, 2.0 and 2.35, respectively. The effective numbers of alleles were 1.87, 1.95, and 2.1; polymorphic information content values were 0.35, 0.36, and 0.4; and mean observed heterozygosity values were 0, 0.8155, and 0.6366, respectively, indicating that genetic variation of mitotic gynogenesis and meiotic gynogenesis was less than that of the inbred line. The trend for unbiased expected homozygosity was F1313 (0.503) < F1324 (0.5105) < F1346 (0.532) and that of unbiased expected heterozygosity was F1313 (0.4967) > F1324 (0.4894) > F1346 (0.4679). Homozygosity of meiotic gynogenesis was 1.0421-fold higher than that of meiotic gynogenesis and 1.0577-fold higher than that of the inbred line, whereas that of meiotic gynogenesis was 1.0149-fold higher than that of the inbred line. The genetic distance between F1346 and F1313 was longest (0.1568) but genetic similarity was the lowest (0.8549), whereas the genetic distance between F1346 and F1324 was the shortest (0.0406), and genetic similarity was the greatest (0.9602). These results provide a theoretical basis for establishing an inbred line of and analyses of genetic variations among meiotic gynogenesis, mitotic gynogenesis, and the inbred line. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

A comparative study on growth and gonadal development of Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock fed different formulated feeds

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 饲料中添加南极磷虾粉对凡纳滨对虾亲虾生长、性腺发育及脂肪酸积累的影响 DOI: 作者: 作者单位: 1. 中国海洋大学 海洋生命学院, 山东 青岛 266003;2. 中国水产科学研究院 黄海水产研究所 农业部海洋渔业资源可持续利用重点开放实验室, 山东 青岛 266071;3. 青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室 海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室, 山东 青岛 266071 作者简介: 张玉玲(1992-),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为水产动物营养及育种.E-mail:chenxiyuling@126.com 通讯作者: 中图分类号: S96 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金面上项目（31572616）；中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费项目（20603022016006）. A comparative study on growth and gonadal development of Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock fed different formulated feeds Author: Affiliation: 1. College of Marine Life, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;2. Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture;Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;3. Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:为探讨人工配合饲料中添加磷虾粉对凡纳滨对虾（）亲虾性腺发育的影响，分别在饲料中添加0、10%、20%的南极磷虾粉，配制3组人工配合饲料（饲料组1、饲料组2和饲料组3）对12月龄的凡纳滨对虾进行了为期60 d的营养强化培养，并以投喂双齿围沙蚕（）为对照组。营养强化结束之后，比较分析了不同饲料组凡纳滨对虾亲虾的体重增重率、肝胰腺指数（HPI）和性腺指数（GSI）；另外，检测分析了各组饲料以及亲虾性腺和肝胰腺的脂肪酸组成。结果表明，对照组的雌雄亲虾体重增重率均高于3个饲料组；饲料组2的HPI最低，为（2.37±0.02）%，与对照组无显著差异（P<0.05）。同时，本研究还比较分析了饲料脂肪酸组成与亲虾性腺、肝胰腺脂肪酸组成的相关性以及对亲虾性腺发育的影响。结果显示，饲料中添加一定含量（10%~20%）的南极磷虾粉可在一定程度上成为凡纳滨对虾亲虾营养强化阶段的优良饲料。 Abstract:This experiment was conducted to evaluate different artificially formulated feeds on promoting gonadal development in broodstock during the nutrient enrichment stage. Three kinds of formulated feeds, numbered diets no.1 (without krill meal), no.2 (10% krill meal), and no.3 (20% krill meal) were used as the experimental groups, with two replicates, and natural polychaete worm bait was used as the control group. The purpose of the experiment was to determine the appropriate formulated feed to enhance gonadal development in broodstock. The four treatment groups were fed the four different feeds for 60 d, and whole-body, hepatopancreatic, and gonad weights were determined. In addition, the fatty acid profiles of the four feeds and those of the hepatopancreas and gonads were analyzed in the four treatment groups. Fatty acid profiles of feed are important for gonadal development and reproduction in brood stock, as they can affect the hepatopancreatic and gonadal fatty acid profiles, as well as gonadal development. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and arachidonic acid (AA) are three kinds of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that play significant roles in gonadal development. T he results showed that female broodstock in the control group had the significantly highest weight gain rate, which was (78.10±6.38)% (<0.05), compared with that of the others. No difference in weight gain rate (>0.05) was observed between female broodstock in the three formulated feed groups. Weight gain rate of male broodstock was lower than that of females. Males in the control group had the highest weight gain rate, but no difference (>0.05) was observed between males fed diets no. 3 and no. 2. Fish fed diet no.2 had the lowest hepatopancreatic index at (2.37±0.02)%; the hepatopancreatic index was not different (>0.05) from that in the control group, but was significantly different (<0.05) from that in the other two treatment groups. Fish fed diet no. 2 had a significantly higher (<0.05) gonadosomatic index (GSI) than that in the other groups, but no difference (>0.05) in GSI was observed between fish fed diet no.3 and the control group. The fatty acid profiles differed among the four feeds. More ∑PUFA was detected in than those in the artificially formulated feeds, and EPA, DHA, and AA contents in were higher than those in the formulated feeds. Diet nos. 2 and 3 had significantly more (>0.05) ∑PUFA as well as more EPA, DHA, and AA than those in diet no.1, indicating that the fatty acid profiles in diet nos. 2 and 3 were closer to those in . These results show that the fatty acid profiles in gonads were correlated with the fatty acid profiles in the brood stock feeds. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Sample size optimization for cluster design of bottom trawl fish surveys in the Yellow River estuary

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 黄河口鱼类底拖网调查采样断面数的优化 DOI: 作者: 作者单位: 1. 中国海洋大学 水产学院, 山东 青岛 266003;2. 上海海洋大学 海洋科学学院, 上海 201306;3. 国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心, 上海 201306;4. 青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室, 海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室, 山东 青岛 266000 作者简介: 王晶(1990-),女,博士研究生,主要从事渔业资源与生态学研究.E-mail:wangjing9_1@sina.cn 通讯作者: 中图分类号: S932 基金项目: 公益性行业（农业）科研专项经费项目（201303050）. Sample size optimization for cluster design of bottom trawl fish surveys in the Yellow River estuary Author: Affiliation: 1. College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;2. College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;3. National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries, Shanghai 201306, China;4. Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes;Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, China Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:优化调查采样设计方案，利用有限的调查成本获取准确可靠的渔业资源数据，对于开展独立于渔业的科学调查十分重要。根据2013年8、10月和2014年2、5月在黄河口及其邻近水域进行的渔业资源底拖网调查数据，选取短吻红舌鳎（）作为目标鱼种，以其平均个体体长、平均个体体重为调查采样优化目标，利用计算机模拟方法对黄河口水域的渔业资源底拖网调查生物学数据进行再抽样，以平均体长、平均体重估计值的相对估计误差（REE）、相对偏差（RB）和变异系数（CV）作为优化评价指标，对基于整群抽样方法的黄河口及邻近海域的调查采样断面数进行优化。结果表明，对于目标鱼种的平均体长、平均体重指标，模拟估计值的REE、RB和CV均随着断面数的减少不断增加，调查断面数少于3时，各指标的变化幅度较大。断面数由5减少至3，REE值平均增加2%，RB值平均增加0.13%，CV值平均增加1.95%，同时渔获量降低近40%。因此，断面数为3可视为黄河口及邻近海域可接受的最优调查断面数。 Abstract:Fishery-independent surveys are essential for collecting high-quality data to support the stock assessments and management of regular fisheries. In general, such programs are more costly and time-consuming than commercial fishery-dependent programs. Thus, considerable interest exists in using computer simulations to optimize methods for obtaining high-quality data with limited sampling effort. Currently, high intensity fishery-independent bottom trawl surveys may negatively affect and disturb fish populations and the ecosystem of fragile estuarine habitats. These areas support many important fishery species; however, they are also among the most extensively affected and threatened aquatic environments due to fishing pressure and environmental stressors such as coastal development. In this study, we developed computer simulations to evaluate and optimize sampling of mean body length and weight of target fish species in a cluster sampling survey. For use in simulations, bottom trawl surveys were conducted in the Yellow River estuary and its adjacent waters during 2013 (August, October) and 2014 (February, May) to collect abundance and biological-trait data on red tongue sole (). The relative estimation error (REE), relative bias (RB), and coefficient of variation (CV) were used to measure the performance (accuracy, precision, and efficiency) of sampling schemes. These indices increased for simulated data when the number of sampling sections decreased. In the current survey design, a reduction in sampling-section number from five to three would reduce sampling effort by 40%, while increasing REE by only~2% in about 40% of the catches. Thus, three sections are acceptable for surveys designed to obtain size-based indicators. This study also showed that sampling-effort optimization may vary between different survey objectives. Therefore, a post-survey analysis will improve fishery-independent survey designs based on specific survey goals, thereby yielding more effective survey data. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Assessing changes in the distribution and range size of demersal fish populations in the Benguela Current Large Marine Ecosystem

Distributional change, expressed as range expansion or contraction , has been observed in many marine populations and related to changes in the environment. The extent of such distributional changes is also expected to increase in response to future climate change. The Benguela Current Large Marine Ecosystem (BCLME) which adjoins the south-western coast of Africa is a global marine hotspot with long-term warming occurring over a large area. The area is also an important centre of marine food production for three countries—South Africa, Namibia and Angola and is considered to be vulnerable to future climate change or increased climate variability. In this study we analysed change in distribution and range size of several demersal fish species in the BCLME over the period 1985–2010, including both commercial and non-commercial fish populations. Some of the observed changes in distribution and range size correspond to what is expected with increased warming whereas others appear to the contrary. Overall the results of the study highlight the complex nature of the response of fish population to climate change.

Die Herausforderung globaler Klimawandel

At least half of the global warming observed during the 20th century of about 0.8°C is of anthropogenic origin and mostly due to enhanced atmospheric carbon dioxide levels in response to the burning of fossil fuels. The climate problem is therefore closely linked to the way we produce energy. Climate models predict a massive warming by the end of the century should global greenhouse gas emissions not be strongly reduced. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports that the warming can amount to up to 4°C in a worst case scenario, which would be unprecedented in speed and extent in man's history. This can lead to an increase of extreme weather events and a rise of global sea level by up to 1m. A less known impact of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide is ocean acidification, as the oceans take up large amounts of carbon dioxide. Ocean acidification potentially threatens marine life and global food production.

A sixteen-country mobilization for sustainable fisheries in the Guinea Current Large Marine Ecosystem

The Guinea Current Large Marine Ecosystem (GCLME) extending from Bissagos Island (Guinea Bissau) in the north to Cabinda (Angola) in the south defines the shared transboundary waters off the coast of western Africa, which embodies some of the major coastal upwelling sub-ecosystems of the world and is an important centre of marine biodiversity and marine food production. The GCLME is characterized by distinctive bathymetry, hydrography, chemistry, and trophodynamics and represents the number 28 Large Marine Ecosystem (LME) ranked among the most productive coastal and offshore waters in the world with rich fishery resources. However, over-exploitation of fisheries, pollution from domestic and industry sources, habitat destruction and poorly planned and managed coastal developments and near-shore activities are resulting in a rapid depletion of the rich fisheries resources and degradation of vulnerable coastal and offshore habitats putting the economies, productivity and health of the populace at risk. Recognizing the urgency of the fisheries decline and the environmental and socio-economic consequences for the region, the 16 countries bordering the ecosystem have mobilized complementary resources to the funding from the Global Environment Facility and United Nations Industrial Development Organization to implement priority management actions agreed in the preliminary Strategic Action Programme for the recovery of depleted fish stocks and restoration of degraded habitats for the advancement of the achievement of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) Johannesburg Plan of Implementation targets for recovery of fish stocks.