This research examines the potential of integrated land-sea spatial planning as a strategic approach to disaster risk reduction in Tanah Laut Regency, South Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. Specifically, it aims to 1) assess spatial overlaps between terrestrial-marine land-use patterns and hazard zones; 2) evaluate coastal typologies and their corresponding vulnerabilities; and 3) formulate sub-district-specific spatial planning recommendations to enhance regional resilience. A mixed-methods design was adopted, combining quantitative spatial techniques and qualitative descriptive analysis. Disaster potential in coastal regions is examined through an integrated assessment of terrestrial disaster risks and marine-based Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) analyses. Terrestrial disaster susceptibility was assessed using the Regional Development Planning Agency (RDPA) 2021 disaster risk assessment, while coastal vulnerability was evaluated using CVI parameters and overlaid with terrestrial and marine spatial planning categories. The spatial analysis shows a strong convergence between high terrestrial disaster risk and land-use categories associated with intensive human modification, notably food crop agriculture (23,610.53 ha), plantations (19,718.99 ha), aquaculture, and urban and rural settlements. Protected areas such as mangrove ecosystems, wildlife reserves, and natural tourism parks are located in high-risk coastal belts, while parts of marine conservation reserve areas and capture fisheries areas fall within high and very high CVI classes. Land-rights (LR) overlays demonstrate that high tidal-flood risk coincides with Ownership Rights (OR) and unregistered parcels. Overall, the research demonstrates that sustainable coastal development in Tanah Laut Regency cannot be achieved by treating land and sea as separate planning arenas. Risk-sensitive, typology-based integration of terrestrial and marine spatial plans, supported by ecosystem-based zoning, mangrove restoration, relocation from high-risk zones, and strengthened marine conservation and fisheries management, is essential to enhance disaster resilience and long-term spatial sustainability in Tanah Laut Regency.

ABSTRACT Marine fishery management systems are experiencing unprecedented pressure from climate change. Prior research has identified adaptive traits that, when present in a management system, can promote effective responses to these changes and minimise negative outcomes for fish and fishery systems. Understanding the extent to which managers identify these traits as important and actively influencing management can identify gaps and opportunities for putting this theory into practice. To address this, we surveyed 321 fishery management professionals and scientists across all eight U.S. fisheries management regions. Questions focused on 16 adaptive traits related to topics such as systemic flexibility, opportunities for knowledge exchange and agency to act. For each trait, at least 68% of respondents identified the trait as important for supporting adaptation in their region. The two traits relating to fishermen and management's ability to learn and innovate were the most widely identified as important for adaptation. However, when asked about the role of management in influencing these traits, positive perceptions dropped by about 20% (at most 44% agreement per trait). Perceived importance and influence of adaptive traits significantly varied by the education level of survey respondents, with higher education levels correlating with higher perceived trait importance. Mapping this mismatch between perceived importance of adaptive traits and the ability of management to address them provides a blueprint for areas where a shared understanding of climate‐ready fishery goals would benefit both fishermen and regulators under future change.

Commercial and recreational fisher participation in marine fisheries management decision-making

China possesses abundant marine fishery resources, which play a vital role in the national economy. Achieving rapid and high-precision classification of underwater targets in complex aquatic environments is of significant importance for enhancing aquaculture intelligence and operational efficiency. To address the challenges of insufficient feature extraction and inefficient classifier parameter optimization in underwater image classification, this study proposes a classification method integrating local binary patterns (LBP), kernel principal component analysis (KPCA), and an improved sparrow search algorithm (SSA). The method first extracts image texture features using LBP and then applies KPCA for nonlinear dimensionality reduction. Subsequently, three optimization strategies—dynamic weighting, boundary contraction, and adaptive mutation—are introduced to enhance SSA, which is then employed to optimize the core parameters of the Support Vector Machine (SVM). Experiments were conducted on an underwater image dataset containing four types of targets: sea urchins, fish, rocks, and scallops. The results demonstrate that, compared with the traditional KPCA-SVM method, the integration of LBP features and the improved SSA increases classification accuracy from 55% to 94.37%, validating the effectiveness of the proposed approach in extracting underwater image features and optimizing classifier parameters. This provides technical support for improving the feasibility of automatic underwater target recognition in aquaculture applications.

To inform ecosystem-based fisheries management in line with the EU legislation objectives for marine fisheries, we evaluated the ecological outcomes of alternative spatial management scenarios to fisheries that consider the ecological impact of bottom trawling on the benthic ecosystem in the Eastern Ionian Sea. Trawling intensity in terms of swept area ratio (SAR) and benthic community sensitivity were combined to estimate the relative benthic status (RBS). Then, five management scenarios were tested. The scenarios include four static closure scenarios (below 800 m, below 600 m, the least-trawled 10% of fishing grounds, and areas shallower than 150 m), where trawling is completely excluded without fishing effort redistribution, and one with a trawl ban in all marine protected areas, where fishing effort displacement is modelled dynamically. Baseline RBS was high (>0.9 on a scale of 0 to 1 where 1 is unaffected benthic community) in all habitats, reflecting relatively low benthic degradation due to bottom trawling. Excluding bottom trawling from areas shallower than 150 m in depth produced the greatest improvements, while thresholds at 600 or 800 m depth, and the closure of the 10% least-trawled grounds, had no significant effects on benthic ecological status. Closure of trawling in the marine protected areas produced mixed outcomes, with improvements in some habitats but localized declines due to displaced effort in others. Our study demonstrates the value of including benthic indicators in spatial management strategies to guide adaptive, evidence-based fisheries governance, balancing conservation objectives with socio-economic sustainability.

India's fisheries sector has transformed into a major commercial activity, contributing significantly to livelihoods and the economy, with Odisha emerging as a leading state in fish production. Chilika Lake, a vital aquatic ecosystem, supports thousands of fisherfolk and contributes substantially to Odisha's fish economy. This study examines the fish economy of Odisha with special reference to Chilika Lake, focusing on production trends, species composition, livelihood dependence, and export relevance. Using a combination of primary field survey data and secondary time-series data, the analysis covers inland and marine fisheries in Odisha as well as fish, shrimp, and crab production in Chilika Lake. Descriptive statistics and trend analysis are complemented by econometric techniques, including the Augmented Dickey–Fuller unit root test and ARIMA modelling, to evaluate production dynamics and generate short-term forecasts. The results indicate sustained and robust growth in inland fisheries in Odisha, while fisheries production in Chilika Lake exhibits temporal fluctuations with persistent economic significance, particularly from fish and shrimp resources. The econometric evidence confirms non-stationarity at levels and stationarity after first differencing, validating the use of ARIMA-based forecasting. The findings highlight the critical role of sustainable fisheries management, effective regulation of aquaculture practices, and targeted policy interventions to enhance livelihood security, strengthen export performance, and ensure long-term ecological sustainability of the Chilika Lake wetland ecosystem.

Purpose This study examined the relative roles of climate and economic factors in driving fish production across Indian states from 2000 to 2020, with a disaggregated focus on inland and marine systems. It also explored the multivariate causal relationships between fish production, CO2 emissions, temperature, rainfall, GDP and fish consumption. Design/methodology/approach To investigate the interactions between fish production, climatic and economic indicators, we used two novel techniques, namely a two-stage instrumental variable approach (2SIV) and a JKS causality test. Findings Results showed that rising temperatures and carbon dioxide emissions significantly reduce fish production, while rainfall, state GDP and per capita fish consumption enhance it. A disaggregated analysis revealed that all variables of interest had a considerable effect on marine fish production, comparable with the results for overall production; however, rainfall has a negligible effect on inland fish production. This discrepancy reflects system-specific dynamics: monsoonal rainfall has a direct impact on marine fisheries through nutrient enrichment and stock availability, whereas inland aquaculture is predominantly influenced by managed economic inputs rather than rainfall variability. Furthermore, the findings demonstrated that marine production is more sensitive to climatic factors, whereas inland production is more elastic to economic variables. The JKS test revealed that incorporating climatic and economic indicators improves the accuracy of fish production predictions than relying solely on its past values. Research limitations/implications For the foreseeable future, these findings have significant policy ramifications. In addition to strengthening water resource management and encouraging climate-resilient practices, fisheries departments should allocate a larger percentage of their GDP to infrastructure development. Additional stimulation of production can be achieved by demand-side measures like nutrition campaigns and the inclusion of fish in public food programs. To maintain the sustainable growth of both marine and inland fisheries, a comprehensive policy framework that concurrently addresses climatic, economic and consumer aspects is necessary in light of the established multivariate causation. Finally, it is prudent for policymakers and other stakeholders to adopt climate-adaptive strategies for marine fisheries and direct investments and technological support towards inland aquaculture to align interventions with system-specific production drivers. Originality/value We contribute to the literature by integrating annual data for an empirical analysis across 32 Indian states and union territories. In addition, this study empirically disentangles the system-specific dynamics of Indian inland and marine fisheries. This aspect is often overlooked in existing literature because fisheries are often portrayed as a homogeneous industry. Moreover, the paper offers actionable insights for designing ecologically appropriate fisheries policies, while advancing academic debates on climate–economy–production relationships.

Abstract The Kuroshio Extension (KE) exhibits pronounced decadal variability, influencing marine ecosystems, fisheries, and regional climate. However, how anthropogenic warming affects this variability remains uncertain due to limited satellite records and model resolution constraints. Based on an eddy‐resolving historical‐and‐future transient climate simulation, we find that the KE decadal variability weakens significantly under a high‐emissions scenario. This weakening likely results from a disruption of the coupled ocean‐atmosphere delayed oscillation, which involves basin‐scale atmospheric circulation both forcing and responding to KE variations. Specifically, warming‐induced strengthening of atmospheric stratification likely suppresses the thermodynamic adjustment, including the deep‐reaching updraft and associated mid‐to‐upper tropospheric responses, typically triggered by oceanic mesoscale warming during the KE stable state. Such suppression disrupts the coupled ocean‐atmosphere delayed oscillation, contributing to the weakened KE decadal variability. Our findings imply that the KE system might be less predictable under future warming.

ABSTRACT Lobster ( Panulirus spp.) is an important fisheries commodity in Indonesia for local and international markets. According to Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (MMAF) Decree Number 19/MMAF/2022, the utilization level of lobsters in the Indonesian Fisheries Management Area (FMA 573), including Prigi Waters, has been “over‐exploited” status with the utilization rate ( E = 2.0). Similarly, the Marine and Fisheries Agency of Trenggalek Regency, East Java Province reported that the lobster annual catch has decreased by 3.28 tons from 2021 to 2022. Meanwhile, data and information regarding lobster fisheries are limited in this area. This study aims to evaluate the utilization status of the pronghorn spiny lobster ( Panulirus penicillatus ) in Prigi Waters based on parameters of growth and Length‐Based Spawning Potential Ratio (LB‐SPR). Data on catch and effort for the lobster fishery from January 2021 to December 2023 were sourced from local collectors. Meanwhile, the biological parameters of P. penicillatus were directly measured from fishers' catches between October 2023 and January 2024, resulting in a total of 2115 individual samples. This study revealed that P. penicillatus catches in Prigi Waters were dominated by legal‐sized individuals (> 60 mmCL). The growth pattern is negative allometric. The growth parameters of this species were L ∞ = 133.74 mm and k = 0.50/year. The exploitation rate ( E ) was 0.57/year, and the spawning potential ratio was about 30%, indicating a “fully exploited” status. Therefore, this study recommends maintaining the level of fishing effort targeted at P. penicillatus , and replacing the illegal fishing method of compressor diving with traps.

Marine fisheries play a dual role in global warming as both a “carbon source” and “carbon sink.” This study analyzed carbon emissions from marine fisheries in Shandong Province from 2010 to 2022 by integrating carbon accounting, extended Kaya-LMDI decomposition, and System Dynamics (SD) modeling. The results reveal a distinct temporal trend characterized by an initial increase followed by a gradual decline in net carbon emissions, while marine carbon sinks increased steadily over the study period. Marine capture fisheries consistently remained the dominant source of total carbon emissions. Decomposition analysis reveals that economic scale and population were the primary drivers of carbon emission growth, while carbon intensity exerted a smaller but positive effect, whereas improvements in energy intensity and industrial structure contribute to emission reduction, highlighting the importance of energy efficiency improvement and industrial structural adjustment. Using a validated SD model to project trends from 2023 to 2035, we simulated three scenarios: Baseline (BS), High-Growth (HG), and Low-Carbon Development (LD) scenarios. The results show that the low-carbon development scenario achieves the most pronounced reduction in net carbon emissions, driven by simultaneous declines in capture emissions and a strong enhancement of carbon sink capacity from shellfish and algae aquaculture. In contrast, the baseline and high-growth scenarios exhibit relatively weaker mitigation effects. Overall, this study provides quantitative evidence and a strategic roadmap for advancing the green, sustainable transition of marine fisheries in Shandong Province, China.

This study examines Indonesia’s maritime defense strategy in the North Natuna Sea, focusing on the identification of major threats and the assessment of enforcement effectiveness. A descriptive qualitative method was employed, utilizing interviews, observations, and document analysis, with data analyzed through Miles and Huberman’s model. The findings show that Indonesia applies a layered maritime defense that integrates military power, diplomacy, law enforcement, and community participation. Key threats consist of illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing, grey zone tactics, unauthorized seabed surveys, and transnational smuggling. Joint operations involving the Navy, the Maritime Security Agency (Bakamla), and the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries were found to reduce violations, with an estimated Rp774.3 billion in potential state losses prevented between January and May 2025. However, the overall effectiveness remains limited due to constrained naval assets, weak interagency coordination, and regional geopolitical pressures. The study underscores the significance of a multi-actor enforcement approach and recommends the establishment of integrated command centers, modernization of AI-based surveillance systems, and the strengthening of defense diplomacy to reinforce Indonesia’s maritime security posture.

Marine mammals, fish and fisheries exploit overlapping prey resources; yet the causal nature of their interactions remains unresolved due to limited data and complex ecosystem dynamics. In this study, we combine food web modelling with causal inference to quantify causal effects between marine mammals and commercially important fish species in the Norwegian Sea and Barents Sea. We first extract multiple food web dynamics from an existing mass-balanced linear inverse food web model and use these as inputs to causal modelling. A key methodological step is to translate the food web network into a temporally explicit causal diagram. By mapping biomass flows onto causal links, we quantify causal effects for both the short term (1 year lag) and the long term (30 year simulation). We find that the increase in marine mammal biomass has predominantly negative and potentially large-but highly uncertain-effects on fish biomass. In contrast, an increase in fish biomass produces smaller, positive effects on marine mammals. Long-term simulations reveal dampened impacts, indicating partial compensation over time. The results from this study, which combines food web dynamics modelling with causal inference, can support more precise, data-informed and ecologically grounded fisheries and marine mammal management in the North Atlantic.

The impact of the digital economy on China's marine fisheries' carbon emission reduction: A spatial econometric perspective

Assessing an expert education program in support of non-regulatory marine fisheries management

Based on Geodetector and GTWR models: Quantitative attribution of spatial distribution of marine fishery carbon sink resources in China

ABSTRACT The status of most fish stocks in Madagascar remains poorly documented. Given their importance for food security and livelihoods, it is necessary to define management measures with reliable data. This study applied a length‐based Bayesian biomass (LBB) estimation method for analysing the fisheries' representative length‐frequency data of seven most commonly caught coral reef fish species in the southwest of Madagascar. Using Froese's indicators, the use of as a stock status indicator, allows a consistent comparison among species in multi‐gear, multi‐species fisheries and provides a practical basis for management advice in data‐limited contexts. The stock status was determined based on median estimates for the period 2018–2023, which provide an assessment of the overall status. Estimates for 2023 were used to describe the most recent status of the stocks. The outputs of this study provide a guide for fisheries managers, coastal communities and authorities to formulate effective management strategies for the sustainability of the marine fisheries in Madagascar. A key recommendation from the study is the need for fisheries managers to improve fisheries data and to periodically monitor biological indicators to assess the status of small‐scale fisheries stocks.

Indonesia's marine fisheries face sustainability challenges, particularly for bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) from WPPNRI 572 landed at PPS Nizam Zachman Jakarta, where increasing capture trends risk overexploitation. This study aims to analyze catch production, CPUE, MSY, exploitation rate, and allowable catch (JTB) using the Schaefer model. Employing descriptive quantitative methods, the population comprised all production data (2014-2023), with total sampling of 81,375.22 tons from 12,006 standardized trips. Instruments included statistical reports and Excel for Fishing Power Index standardization and linear regression (). Results showed purse seine dominating catches (55.32%), MSY at 145.88 tons, Emsy 152 trips, JTB 116.70 tons, and exploitation rate 79% indicating fully-exploited status with declining CPUE trends. In conclusion, immediate quota implementation through PIT is essential to prevent overfishing while maintaining economic benefits.

Artificial reefs are an important tool for marine ecological restoration and fishery resource proliferation, and are widely used around the world. Among them, Japan, the United States, China, South Korea, Australia, and the Mediterranean coastal countries have particularly invested in scientific research and practice in this field, and the reefs' material selection, structural performance, and ecological benefits have attracted much attention. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the preparation methods, characterization methods (such as microstructure analysis and mechanical tests) and mechanical properties (such as compressive strength and durability) of new concrete materials (steel slag-blast furnace slag concrete, oyster shell concrete, sulfoaluminate cement concrete, recycled brick concrete, silica fume concrete, and banana peel filler concrete) that artificial reefs and ceramic artificial reefs developed in recent years, and to explore the resource utilization potential of different waste materials. At the same time, the biostatistical methods (such as species abundance and community diversity) of wood, shipwreck, steel, rock, waste tire, and ordinary concrete artificial reefs and their effects on the marine environment were compared and analyzed. In addition, the potential impact of artificial reef deployment on local fishermen's income was also assessed. It is found that the use of steel slag, blast furnace slag, sulfoaluminate cement, and silica fume instead of traditional Portland cement can better improve the mechanical properties of concrete artificial reefs (compressive strength can be increased by up to 20%) and reduce the surface pH to neutral, which is more conducive to the adhesion and growth of marine organisms. The compressive strength of oyster shell concrete and banana peel filler concrete artificial reef is not as good as that of traditional Portland cement concrete artificial reef, but it still avoids the waste of a large amount of solid waste resources, provides necessary nutritional support for aquatic organisms, and also improves its chemical erosion resistance. The deployment of artificial reefs of timber, wrecks, steel, rock, waste tires, and ordinary concrete has significantly increased the species richness and biomass in the adjacent waters and effectively promoted the development of fisheries. Cases show that artificial reefs can significantly increase fishermen's income (such as an increase of about EUR 13 in the value of a unit effort in a certain area), but the long-term benefits depend on effective supervision and community co-management mechanisms. This paper provides a scientific basis for the research and development of artificial reef materials and the optimization of ecological benefits, and promotes the sustainable development of marine ecological restoration technology and fishery economy.

Many marine fishing villages in India are transitioning into centres of industrialised fishing where the marine fishers are forced to choose between the use of indigenous and traditional knowledge (ITK; perceived to be outdated, resulting in low turnovers) and the use of accurate scientific advisories (Marine Fishery Advisories; MFAs) disseminated by ESSO-INCOIS (limited by a lack of awareness or practice) to locate potential fishing zones (PFZs) in the open sea. The present investigation provides a ground-level assessment of the existing methods of ITK across 14 fish landing centres (FLCs) in Odisha towards delineating the PFZ by non-motorised (NM) and motorised (MR) crafts fishers of 163 respondents in total. The relative advantages and limitations of the ITK versus the MFA approaches as reflected in the net profits of marine fishers across NM and MR crafts were evaluated through various statistical techniques, for example, correlation matrix, Kruskal–Wallis test, etc. The investigation revealed that a combination of the two approaches significantly correlated with an increase in the profits, providing opportunities to plan for the preservation of the provisioning ecosystem services for marine fish by conforming to stock preservation and diversification through the traditional knowledge of the spawning seasons and the use of MFAs to plan “non-intrusive” routes/windows for fishing with the enhancement of modern technology. The study illustrates that the multiple co-benefits of the ITK + MFA method to delineate PFZs can be useful to achieve the targets of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 14b, promote responsible consumption, and enhance health through sustainable human–environment relationships on a long-term basis.

ABSTRACT Artificial Intelligence (AI) is advancing at an unprecedented pace, offering transformative opportunities for marine research, fisheries management, environmental governance and policy development. Particularly in the context of the interconnected data needs of ecosystem management and biodiversity conservation, these technologies can enhance data acquisition, processing and decision support, enabling more integrated approaches to ecosystem management and biodiversity conservation. Yet their adoption in these domains remains limited by the absence of coherent frameworks that ensure transparency, validation and ethical alignment with ecological and socio‐economic sustainability goals. This work proposes a comprehensive framework built on three critical pillars for trustworthy AI: socio‐economic and legal viability, data governance and technical and scientific robustness. On the one hand it aims to be a guideline for developer teams. On the other hand, it aims to be a guideline for final users (e.g., industry and managers) for designing the requirements and evaluating such systems. The first pillar underscores the need for AI systems that are cost‐effective, scalable, environmentally sustainable and legally supported, balancing short‐term costs with long‐term social and ecological benefits. The second stresses adherence to fair, reliable and ethical access to digital resources, recognising that without strong governance data and algorithms risk becoming fragmented or misused. The third pillar addresses the necessity of rigorous validation across entire AI pipelines, including preprocessing, model evaluation and benchmarking against alternative ground truths, to ensure reliability in real‐world applications. Together, these pillars provide a blueprint for developing ethical, reliable and policy‐relevant AI systems that can strengthen trust, improve sustainability and guide decision‐making across marine science, fisheries, environmental management and European legislation.