Marine Algae Extracts Research Articles

Forage maize nutritional quality according to organic and inorganic

The research was conducted on a commercial land plot from the ejido Granada, municipality of Matamoros, Coahuila, situated inside the Comarca Lagunera, from April to August 2015, in order to establish the effect of two fertilization sources – organic and inorganic, upon the nutritional quality of forage maize during the spring-summer cycle with a randomized block experimental design. T1= Acadian soil +Acadian foliage (marine algae extracts) and T2= Regional control, with 16 replications. The evaluated variables were the nutritional quality of forage maize and the milk production (L•t-1 dry matter and L•ha-1). Due to the effect of the evaluated treatments, statistical differences were registered, both for, nutritional values of forage maize, such as: neutral and acid detergent fiber, non-fiber carbohydrates, total digestible nutrients, total net energy for lactation and for milk production, in favor of organic fertilization. Therefore, it can be concluded that fertilizers of marine origin applied to forage maize increased both nutritional quality of forage maize and milk yield per ton of dry matter and per hectare of this forage.

Investigation on Antioxidant Compounds from Marine Algae Extracts Collected from Binuangeun Coast, Banten, Indonesia

Marine algae contains bioactive secondary metabolites that have potential to be developed as antioxidant. The aims of this research were to investigate antioxidant activity and total phenolic compound of marine algae collected from Binuangeun Beach, Banten and to characterize antioxidant compounds from selected algae species. Antioxidant activity was determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) assay and Ferric Ion Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) Assay, while total phenolic content was estimated by Folin-Ciocalteau method. Isolation of bioactive antioxidant compound was performed using SiO2 column chromatography and preparative high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The antioxidan activity evaluation was conducted to methanol extracts from 20 species (7 Chlorophyta, 9 Phaeophyta and 4 Rhodophyta). Results showed that Padina australis extract was found to be the most active. The major bioactive antioxidant compound was identified as fucoxanthin and a polar compound that was suspected as phenolic compound. The extracts of P. australis presented the highest phenolic content (58.59 mg GAE/g). A significant correlation between antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content was found, indicating that phenolic compounds are the major contributors to the antioxidant properties of P. australis.

In vitro screening of anticandidal activity of some marine algae extracts collected from Abo-Qir bay (Alexandria, Egypt)

Candida albicans (C. albicans) is an opportunistic pathogen that causes superficial and systemic infections .It is the most common human fungal pathogen and causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Since many of the currently available drugs have undesirable side effects and are ineffective against C. albicans infection, pharmaceutical industries are giving importance to the compounds derived from marine organisms.Seaweeds are one of these marine organisms that have been considered as a source of major metabolites that possess bioactive effects Compounds with antioxidant, antiviral, antifungal and antimicrobial activities have been detected in brown, red and green algae. Altogether, this study aimed to determine the in vitro antifungal activities of some Mediterranean marine macroalgae organic extracts against Candida albicans. In this study we use petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol for extraction from four seaweed species (Pterocladia capillacea (Gmelin) Bornet et Thuret, Sargassum hornschuchii C. Agardh, Jania rubens (Linnaeus) Lamouroux and Ulva fasciata Delile) collected from Abu-Qir bay (Alexandria, Egypt) were tested for their in vitro antifungal activities against Candida albicans using the agar disk diffusion assay. The Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the algal extracts were determined by broth microdilution method in RPMI 1640 medium in 96–well plates according to CLSI guidelines NCCLS and microbial growth determined by measuring the absorbance at 492 nm. The results showed that the methanolic extracts of all tested algae have better results than the other extracts. Whereas, the strongest antifungal inhibition was noted in the methanol extract of Sargassum hornschuchii against candida albicans. Further investigations to prove the exact mechanism, dosage form and complete toxicological studies are a planned for our future work.

Assessment of antioxidant activity in Victorian marine algal extracts using high performance thin-layer chromatography and multivariate analysis

The aim of this study was to develop and validate a rapid and simple high performance thin layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method to screen for antioxidant activity in algal samples. 16 algal species were collected from local Victorian beaches. Fucoxanthin, one of the most abundant marine carotenoids was quantified directly from the HPTLC plates before derivatization, while derivatization either with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) or ferric chloride (FeCl3) was used to analyze antioxidants in marine algae, based on their ability to scavenge non biological stable free radical (DPPH) or to chelate iron ions. Principal component analysis of obtained HPTLC fingerprints has classified algae species into 5 groups according to their chemical/antioxidant profiles. The investigated brown algae samples were found to be rich in non-and moderate-polar compounds and phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity. Most of the phenolic iron chelators also have shown free radical scavenging activity. Strong positive and significant correlations between total phenolic content and DPPH radical scavenging activity showed that, phenolic compounds, including flavonoids are the main contributors of antioxidant activity in these species. The results suggest that certain brown algae possess significantly higher antioxidant potential when compared to red or green algae and could be considered for future applications in medicine, dietary supplements, cosmetics or food industries. Cystophora monilifera extract was found to have the highest antioxidant concentration, followed by Zonaria angustata, Cystophora pectinate, Codium fragile, and Cystophora pectinata. Fucoxanthin was found mainly in the brown algae species. The proposed methods provide an edge in terms of screening for antioxidants and quantification of antioxidant constituents in complex mixtures. The current application also demonstrates flexibility and versatility of a standard HPTLC system in the drug discovery. Proposed methods could be used for the bioassay-guided isolation of unknown natural antioxidants and subsequent identification if combined with spectroscopic identification.

Potential role of marine algae extract on 3T3-L1 cell proliferation and differentiation: an in vitro approach.

BackgroundFrom ancient times, marine algae have emerged as alternative medicine and foods, contains the rich source of natural products like proteins, vitamins, and secondary metabolites, especially Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) contains numerous anti-inflammatory, antioxidants and wound healing substances. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is closely associated with adipogenesis and their factors. Hence, we aimed to investigate the chemical constituents and adipogenic modulatory properties of C. vulgaris in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes.ResultsWe analysed chemical constituents in ethanolic extract of C. vulgaris (EECV) by LC–MS. Results revealed that the EECV contains few triterpenoids and saponin compounds. Further, the effect of EECV on lipid accumulation along with genes and proteins expressions which are associated with adipogenesis and lipogenesis were evaluated using oil red O staining, qPCR and western blot techniques. The data indicated that that EECV treatment increased differentiation and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells, which indicates positive regulation of adipogenic and lipogenic activity. These increases were associated with up-regulation of PPAR-γ2, C/EBP-α, adiponectin, FAS, and leptin mRNA and protein expressions. Also, EECV treatments increased the concentration of glycerol releases as compared with control cells. Troglitazone is a PPAR-γ agonist that stimulates the PPAR-γ2, adiponectin, and GLUT-4 expressions. Similarly, EECV treatments significantly upregulated PPAR-γ2, adiponectin, GLUT-4 expressions and glucose utilization. Further, EECV treatment decreased AMPK-α expression as compared with control and metformin treated cells.ConclusionThe present research findings confirmed that the EECV effectively modulates the lipid accumulation and differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells through AMPK-α mediated signalling pathway.

Potential Impact of Marine Algal Extracts on the Growth and Metabolic Activities of Salinity Stressed Wheat Seedlings

Potential Impact of Marine Algal Extracts on the Growth and Metabolic Activities of Salinity Stressed Wheat Seedlings

English

The antibacterial efficacy of various solvent extracts of marine algae Caulerpa racemosa, Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta), Jania adhaerens (Rhodophyta), Padina gymnospora and Sargassum polyceratium (Phaeophyta) against some selected gram-positive and gram-negative human pathogenic bacteria was screened. Crude extracts were prepared from the selected marine algae using different solvents namely, hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol and were tested for their antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria using disc diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was also determined for selected solvent extracts for all the bacterial species. A suitable positive control was also maintained. Among the five marine algae screened C. racemosa and U. lactuca were found to be more active. It was observed that the ethyl acetate extracts of all the five marine algae showed higher inhibitory activity for the selected bacterial species than other solvent extracts. The results revealed that the crude ethyl acetate extracts seem to be a good source material in identifying the effective pure antibacterial compound(s) in all the five marine algae and particularly, C. racemosa and U. lactuca. The present study showed that the ethyl acetate extracts of marine algae such as C. racemosa, J. adhaerens, P. gymnospora, S. polyceratium and Ulva lactuca exhibited good antimicrobial activity. But the ethyl acetate extracts of C. racemosa and U. lactuca possessed highest antibacterial activity than others and so it could be useful in seeking active principles against human pathogenic bacteria. Key words: Seaweeds, antimicrobial activity, marine macroalgae, human bacterial pathogens.

Polyphenolic contents and antimicrobial activity of different extracts of Padina boryana Thivy and Enteromorpha sp marine algae

Marine algae are potential sources of biologically active compounds with antiviral, antimicrobial and anticancer activities. Two species of marine algae, Padina boryana Thivy and Enteromorpha sp were collected from the Red Sea. Both species were extracted with ethanol, acetone, and hexane. The extracts of each sample were examined for, total phenolic, total flavonoid contents and antimicrobial activities. The results showed that solvents with different polarities have various effects on phenolic and flavonoid contents. Among the tested solvents, ethanolic extract of Padina boryana Thivy and Enteromorpha sp showed the highest phenolic content. Results also indicated that the extracts of Padina boryana Thivy showed higher antimicrobial activity compared to Enteromorpha sp. The present study demonstrates that both algae species exhibited excellent antimicrobial properties which can provide opportunities for the application of algal extract as natural food preservative for possible application in food and dietary supplemental products for health promotion.

유기농업자재와 유기합성 살균제(Iminoctadine tris + thiram) 교호살포에 따른 고추 탄저병 방제 효과

Pepper anthracnose caused by Collectotrichum acutaum has been known as one of the most damaging diseases of pepper, which has reduced not only yield but also quality of pepper produce almost every year. This study was conducted to develop control strategy against pepper anthracnose by alternate application of agricultural organic materials and chemical fungicides. The alternate application effect of agricultural organic materials and chemical fungicides for controlling pepper anthracnose were examined in vitro and in the field. First, thirteen microbial agents and twenty two agricultural organic materials were screened for antifungal activity against C. acutatum through the dual culture method and bioassay. As a result, one microbial agent (Bacillus subtilis QST-713) and three agricultural organic materials (sulfur, bordeaux mixture, marine algae extracts) were found to show high inhibition effect against C. acutatum. In the field test, when Iminoctadine tris+thiram, a chemical fungicide for controlling pepper anthracnose, was sprayed, it reduced disease incidence by 89.5%. Meanwhile Sulfur, bordeaux mixture, copper, marine algae extracts and Bacillus subtilis QST-713 showed low disease incidence at the range of 33.1~81.0%. However, when Iminoctadine tris+thiram and agricultural organic materials(bordeaux mixture, marine algae extracts) were applied to pepper fruits alternately two times at 7 days interval, there was a 81.7 and 87.1% reduction in disease, respectively. Consequently, the alternate spray of chemical fungicide (Iminoctadine tris+thiram) and agricultural organic materials (bordeaux mixture, marine algae extracts) could be recommended as a control method to reduce the using amount of chemical fungicide.

Antimicrobial effects of marine algal extracts and cyanobacterial pure compounds against five foodborne pathogens

The marine environment is a proven source of structurally complex and biologically active compounds. In this study, the antimicrobial effects of a small collection of marine-derived extracts and isolates, were evaluated against 5 foodborne pathogens using a broth dilution assay. Results demonstrated that algal extracts from Padina and Ulva species and cyanobacterial compounds antillatoxin B, laxaphycins A, B and B3, isomalyngamide A, and malyngamides C, I and J showed antimicrobial activity against Gram positive foodborne pathogens (Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus) at low concentrations (⩽500μg/ml). None of the algal extracts or cyanobacterial isolates had antibacterial activity against Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium).

Antimicrobial defenses of Caulerpa mexicana and Udotea looensis against Vibrio spp. and Bacillus sp.

In a broad survey of extracts of common marine algae from the Florida Keys against an extensive panel of environmental bacteria, extracts from the green algae Caulerpa mexicana and Udotea looensis exhibited significant activity against two conspecific strains of Vibrio sp. from Florida and one strain of Bacillus sp. from the Red Sea. To continue the investigation of antibacterial defenses of marine algae, crude extracts from C. mexicana and U. looensis were subjected to bioassay-guided fractionation. Extracts were partitioned between ethyl acetate and DI water. The non-polar fractions were separated using Si gel medium pressure liquid chromatography followed by reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography. Bacterial cultures were maintained on A1 media. Extracts were dissolved in DMSO (600 µg/ml ≤ natural volumetric concentration) and added to each well of a 96-well plate using DMSO (solvent), streptomycin and tetracycline (positive) as controls. Initial and final readings were obtained on a Biotech plate reader at 625nm. C. mexicana and U. looensis produce metabolites that selectively inhibit the growth of one strain of Vibrio sp. or Bacillus sp. and several others that show broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against potential pathogens in the marine environment. This study was conducted by PharmD candidates as part of a college wide research training program at Chicago State University.

Effects of water soluble extracts from marine algae on root growth in soybean seedlings

Data on the effects of water soluble extracts of red marine algae—such as Grateloupia divaricate, Chondrus pinnulatus, Neorhodomela larix, and Tichocarpus crinitus—brown marine algae—such as Stephanocystis crassipes, Coccophora langsdorfii, Sphaerotrichia divaricata, Saccharina japonica, Sargassum pallidum, and Chorda filum—and green marine algae—such as Ulva fenestrata and Codium fragile—on root growth in soybean seedlings (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) have been presented. The stimulatory effects of extracts containing T. crinitus, N. Larix, C. pinnulatus, and S. crassipes algae at low (10−4 g/mL) and ultralow (10−10–10−12 g/mL) concentrations are defined.

방사무늬 김(Pyropia yezoensis) 추출물에 의한 RAW 264.7 대식세포의 항염증 효과

Many researchers have studied algae as a source of material having potential biological activities, not least because many marine algae extracts have strong antioxidant properties. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of Pyropia yezoensis extract (PYE) on RAW 264.7 cells by m...

Antibacterial Activity of <i>Ulva fasciata</i> against Multidrug Resistant Bacterial Strains

The present study was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial activity of different organic solvent increasing polarity viz., hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol extracts of Ulva fasciata (Chlorophyceae) were collected from Kanniyakummari, Gulf of Mannar biosphere Reserve, Tamilnadu, India. Marine green algae extracts of U. fasciata against multi-drug resistant standard and clinical bacterial strains viz., Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Vibrio cholerae, Shigella flexneri, Proteus mirabilis and P. vulgaris. The ethyl acetate extracts of U. fasciata showed highest antibacterial activity against all the bacterial strains tested. The mean zone of inhibition produced by the extracts in disc diffusion assays were ranged from 7.1 mm to 15.0 mm. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) were between 125 μg/ml and 500 μg/ml, while the Minimum Bactericidal Concentrations (MBC) were between 250 μg/ml and 1000 μg/ml. The highest mean of zone inhibition (15.0 mm) and lowest MIC (125 μg/ml) and MBC (250 μg/ml) values were observed in ethyl acetate extract of U. fasciata against B. subtilis. The ethyl acetate extract of the U. fasciata showed the presence of phytochemicals, terpenoids, tannins and phenolic compounds in U. fasciata than the other solvents extracts. The present results of the ethyl acetate extract of U. fasciata can be used as an antibacterial substance for the treatment of multi drug resistant bacterial infections

Antibacterial Activity of <i>Ulva fasciata</i> against Multidrug Resistant Bacterial Strains

The present study was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial activity of different organic solvent increasing polarity viz., hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol extracts of Ulva fasciata (Chlorophyceae) were collected from Kanniyakummari, Gulf of Mannar biosphere Reserve, Tamilnadu, India. Marine green algae extracts of U. fasciata against multi-drug resistant standard and clinical bacterial strains viz., Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Vibrio cholerae, Shigella flexneri, Proteus mirabilis and P. vulgaris. The ethyl acetate extracts of U. fasciata showed highest antibacterial activity against all the bacterial strains tested. The mean zone of inhibition produced by the extracts in disc diffusion assays were ranged from 7.1 mm to 15.0 mm. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) were between 125 μg/ml and 500 μg/ml, while the Minimum Bactericidal Concentrations (MBC) were between 250 μg/ml and 1000 μg/ml. The highest mean of zone inhibition (15.0 mm) and lowest MIC (125 μg/ml) and MBC (250 μg/ml) values were observed in ethyl acetate extract of U. fasciata against B. subtilis. The ethyl acetate extract of the U. fasciata showed the presence of phytochemicals, terpenoids, tannins and phenolic compounds in U. fasciata than the other solvents extracts. The present results of the ethyl acetate extract of U. fasciata can be used as an antibacterial substance for the treatment of multi drug resistant bacterial infections

Anti‐oxidative characteristics of Korean marine algal extracts (647.15)

Among 51 marine algae distributed in Korean coast, Sargassum muticum (Yendo) Fensholt, Ishige okamurae Yendo, Ecklonia cava Kjellman, Polysiphonia morrowii Harvey, Dictyopteris undulata Holmes, Sargassm micracanthum (Kutzing) Endlicher, and Sargassum macrocarpum C. Agarch, were investigated to have the potent antioxidant activity. Additionally the reducing power of marine algae‐extracts was totally consistent with DPPH radical scavenging activity. Because little is known about Sargassum muticum (Yendo) Fensholt, Ishige okamurae Yendo, Ecklonia cava Kjellman, Polysiphonia morrowii Harvey, Dictyopteris undulata Holmes, Sargassm micracanthum (Kutzing) Endlicher, and Sargassum macrocarpum C. Agarch, these marine algae may act as the candidates for potent antioxidant food materials, and are expected to have the functional activity for foods and pharmaceuticals for oxidative diseases.

미역쇠(Endarachne binghamiae)추출물의 멜라닌 생성 억제 효과

본 연구에서는 동해안에서 채집된 88종의 해조류에 대하여 미백제로서 응용 가능성을 알아보기 위해 멜라닌 생성에 미치는 영향을 in vitro 실험을 통해 알아보았다. Melan-a 세포에 해조류 추출물을 처리하여 멜라닌 양을 측정한 결과, 고리매, 미역쇠, 왜모자반, 감태, 톳추출물에서 멜라닌 생성이 감소되었으며, 특히 미역쇠추출물을 처리하였을 때 가장 유효하게 농도의존적으로 멜라닌 생성이 감소되었다. 멜라닌 생성 억제 효과가 tyrosinase 활성 저해와 관련 있는지를 확인한 결과, 약한 활성을 가지지만 직접 작용하여 활성을 저해하지는 않으면서, 세포 내의 tyrosinase 활성을 농도의존적으로 저해하였다. 이는 세포 내 tyrosinase 활성저해가 직접적이 아닌 다른 기전에 의해 일어난다는 것을 의미하며, 그 기전 중의 하나인 <TEX>${\alpha}$</TEX>-glucosidase활성을 측정한 결과 농도의존적으로 활성을 저해하였으며, 세포 내 tyrosinase 활성 저해와 높은 상관도를 보임을 확인하였다. 즉 미역쇠추출물은 N-linked glycoprotein인 tyrosinase의 glycosylation을 억제하여 tyrosinase의 세포 내 이동이나 활성을 억제할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 결론적으로, 미역쇠추출물은 피부 미백에 유효한 활성을 나타내는 천연 유용자원으로 활용할 가치가 있는 것으로 사료된다. In this study, we investigated the effect of 88 marine algae extracts on melanin synthesis to develop new whitening agents. Among varieties of marine algae tested, the ethyl acetate extracts from Endarachne binghamiae (EB), Scytosiphon lomentaria, Sargassum yezoense, Ecklonia cava and Sargassum fusiforme inhibited melanin synthesis in melan-a cells. EB treatment showed the strongest inhibitory activity in melanin synthesis, compared with that of other extracts. EB-mediated inhibition of melanin synthesis appeared to be associated with inhibition of <TEX>${\alpha}$</TEX>-glucosidase-dependent glycosylation of tyrosinase in melan-a cells. In addition, EB treatment did not affect mushroom tyrosinase or cell-extracted tyrosinase activity in vitro. Taken together, our findings suggest that anti-browning effect of EB on skin is mediated through regulation of <TEX>${\alpha}$</TEX>-glucosidase activity and subsequent inhibition of tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis, and further development of EB as a potential agent for skin whitening.

Inhibitory effect of marine algae collected from the Eastand West coast of India against luciferase andluminescence producing Vibrio harveyi

This study explored the development of inhibitors from marine algae against luminescence disease causing Vibrio harveyi. Organic solvents such as ethyl acetate (EA) and methanol:chloroform (CM) were treated to extract compounds from marine algae such as Skeletonema costatum, Ulva fasciata and Kappaphycus alvarezii. Antagonistic effect of algae extracts was determined against marine V. harveyi. EA extract of S. costatum and U. fasciata at 300 µg showed maximum zone of inhibition (12.6 and 12.3 mm) against V. harveyi. Similarly, CM extract of S. costatum also showed maximum zone of inhibition (8.3 mm). When crude EA extract of S. costatumat 300 µg/ml was used for V. harveyi, the level of luciferase was reduced to three to seven counts per second (CPS) as compared to the control for 4 days as read by luminometer. 300 mg/ml of CM extract of U. fasciata, reduced the luciferase to 3 to 6 CPS. When EA extract of S. costatum at (300 µg/ml) was treated against V. harveyi, the luminescence was reduced 10 to 15 CPS. The CM extract from U. fasciatashowed reduction in the luminescence production (7 to 13 CPS). Considering the cumulative effect of anti-luminescence and anti-Vibrio activities, 300 mg of crude extract prepared from S. costatum in both solvents were confirmed as inhibitory to V. harveyi. Significant difference (p<0.05) was observed among the levels of luciferase and luminescence in all the extracts but S. costatum showed less. This study confirms that marine algae extracts can be used to control luminescent disease causing V. harveyi among the shrimp grow-out system and larviculture. Key words: Algae extracts, antagonism, Vibrio harveyi, anti-luciferase, anti-luminescence.

Differential growth inhibition of cancer cell lines and antioxidant activity of extracts of red, brown, and green marine algae.

As the use of various anticancer drugs is associated with many undesirable side effects, there is an urgent need for the discovery of new, better, and specific anticancer compounds. Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities as well as effects on cell morphology were investigated for methanol (M), chloroform (C), ethyl acetate (E), and aqueous (A) extracts of Caulerpa peltata, Gelidiella acerosa, Padina gymnospora, and Sargassum wightii using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging, ferrous ion chelation, and resazurin-based growth inhibition (in A549, HCT-15, MG-63, and PC-3 cell lines) assays. A general trend was the greater extraction of phenols and flavonoids by chloroform and ethyl acetate, which showed higher activity in many assays. These non-polar C and E extracts showed higher DPPH radical-scavenging and growth inhibitory activities in A549, HCT-15, and PC-3 cells. However, higher ferrous ion chelation (A extracts) and growth inhibition in MG-63 cells (M and A extracts) were seen for the polar extracts. Furthermore, P. gymnospora and C. peltata emerged as promising sources for antiproliferative agents that could be explored for their own activity and as leads for the development of other compounds.

Isolation and Characterization of Two Halophilic Bacillus (B. licheniformis and Bacillus sp) with Antifungal Activity

New bacterial strains of Bacillus licheniformis and sp were isolated from the rhizosphere of potato, in front of the sea (Bejaia, Algeria). Strains were identified by phenotypic analyses: Gram s taining, mobility, catalase, oxidase, form of colony and cell morphology. Metabolic characters such carbon source, sugars, organic acids, aerobic/anaerobic respiratory system are revealed by API system 50CHB/E. The 16SrRNA gene was isolated and sequenced (1500 bp), and the phylogenic tree was established (bootstrap method). The first strain (RBA-E23) showed a very high similarity to Bacillu s licheniformis (DQ082997.1) (98%) and B. licheniformis (AF372616.1), but the second (RBA-E32) is classified as the out-gro up. Strains are halotolerants 300 and 400 mM/l NaCl, respectively. They used glycine betaine and proline as synthetic osmoprotectants, and marine algal extracts of Ulva lactucaas natural osmoprotectant. The two strains produce: high amount of auxine-phytohormone (IAA: 78 and 101 mg/l); different enzymes such as: cellulase, chitinase, protease, lipase, amylase and urease; siderophores and solubilize ino rganic phosphorus. The study of antifungal strains activity toward nine phyto pathogenic fungi Verticillium dahlia, Fusarium oxysporum, Botryotinia fuckiliana, Phytophthor a cinamomi, Phytophthora cactorum, Colletotrichum acutatum, Botrytis cinerea, Aspergillus Niger and Aspergillus flavus, shows an interesting inhibition activity with variable percentage of Growth inhibition (PGI %) against phytopathogens. Both of bacteria displayed more benefic characters, while the enzymes can be involved in the organic matter decomposition; utilization of the phytohormone-IAA as simulator of vegetable growth. Siderophores and phosphate solubilization are interesting in the fe rtilization of soil. Finally, strains could have potential application against phytopathogenic fungi.