Marginal Communities Research Articles

Voluntary-Based Sociopreneurship Business Model in the GNJ Foundation (Gerakan of Nasi Jum'at): A Transformation

Sociopreneursip (Social Entrepreneurship) plays an essential role in improving the community's economy. Sociopreneurship has several forms of business models, including a voluntary-based business model. Voluntary-based business models are usually applied to non-profit organizations such as foundations and NGOs (Non-Government Organizations). Sociopreneurship encourages economic development through community empowerment. This study looks at changes or transformations in the voluntary-based sociopreneurship business model and the implementation of sociopreneurship at the GNJ Foundation (Gerakan Nasi Jumat). The method used is qualitative with a case study approach. Data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, literature studies, and observation. This study explains that when GNJ entered its 3rd year, the sociopreneurship business model was transformed by mobilizing resources to develop an economic model and transforming the meaning of success for the founder. GNJ is classified as a voluntary-based sociopreneurship business model because GNJ provides social services voluntarily by carrying out main activities in the form of sharing appropriate food needs with marginal communities by paying attention to nutritional value and packaging that is not harmful. The GNJ Foundation applies the sociopreneurship concept identified in 4 elements. The first is that empowered entrepreneurs at GNJ can provide an economic turnaround for members in need and people experiencing poverty who are generally single-parent. The second is the idea/idea by making members and people experiencing poverty as food suppliers/suppliers in every GNJ activity, the third is the opportunity to create the GNJ Olshop WhatsApp group as a medium for business promotion and GNJ activities as a business target market, and fourth is the organization in which GNJ is a foundation that has a vision and mission and members. The sociopreneurship concept succeeded in creating sustainability at the GNJ foundation by empowering to increase economic income for members in need and people experiencing poverty who generally have single-parent status so that economic status improves and an attitude of mutual love is created without neglecting the primary purpose of this organization to share.

The Influence of Intraspecific Trait Variation on Plant Functional Diversity and Community Assembly Processes in an Arid Desert Region of Northwest China

Exploring how functional traits vary along environmental gradients has long been one of the central questions of trait-based community ecology. Variation in functional traits includes both intraspecific trait variation (ITV) and interspecific trait variation (Vinter); however, the effects of ITV on functional diversity and community assembly remain to be explored. In this study, we compared functional diversity among three communities (i.e., riverbank, transition zone, and desert margin communities) at three spatial scales (i.e., 10 m × 10 m, 20 m × 20 m, and 50 m × 50 m) in the desert ecosystem of the Ebinur Lake basin in Xinjiang. We also analyzed the effects of ITV and environmental and spatial factors on functional diversity. Our results showed that incorporating ITV increased measurements of functional richness at the 10 m × 10 m scale in all three communities (p < 0.01). Rao’s quadratic entropy (RaoQ) represents the differences in functional traits between different species. ITV significantly increased RaoQ at the 50 m × 50 m scale in the riverbank and desert margin community, whereas it significantly decreased RaoQ in the transitional zone community. Similarly, ITV significantly increased functional β-diversity at the 10 m × 10 m and 20 m × 20 m scales in the transitional zone community. Spatial factors mainly influenced functional diversity at smaller scales, whereas environmental factors were influential mainly at larger scales. After considering ITV, spatial factors had less of an effect on functional β-diversity, except for the 50 m × 50 m scale in the transitional zone and desert margin community, indicating that ITV can reduce the measured effect of dispersal on functional β-diversity. Considering ITV did not change the interpretation of the main ecological processes affecting functional diversity. However, it did change the extent to which environmental filtering and dispersal effects explained functional diversity.

DRAWING IS A WAY OF FIGHTING: THE COMICS OF THE INDIGENOUS INDIA

The tribal arts of India have traditionally held a significant cultural and historical place. Despite the unique visual languages seen in contemporary American or Franco-Belgian BD and Japanese manga, the Indian tribal art, predominantly created by tribal women for generations, is often neglected in the context of Indian comics. This study aims to examine the visual language inherent in tribal art and how it has been employed in two specific comics: Sita`s Ramayana and Bhimayana. Both comics are drawn by tribal women, Moyna Chitrakar and Durga Bai Vyam, respectively, and showcase a unique visual language in Indian comics. These styles bring to light issues related to the ‘other’, such as casteism and reservations, and challenge patriarchal narratives through an ecofeminist perspective. Being in part a distinct language in comics- these styles are not that much noticed in popular culture of the mainstream for that matter. This paper asserts how artists of these specific tribes have moulded the language of comics in a way to be able to speak for themselves while using their own methods at disposal. This paper also tries to probe whether this is just a symbolic resistance forged by the publishing houses to exploit the women artists from the Indian tribal communities as a machinery to provide for a new taste to the Urban audience. All in all, this article tries to locate the portrayal of social and political issues raised in the comics of the marginal gender, from the marginal communities.

Narratives on the Digital Leadership Practices in Pakistan- Issues, Challenges, Opportunities, Needs and Constraints in the Changing Paradigm through the Lens of Marginalized Community Members

The research paper aims to identify the challenges, issues, needs, and constraints faced by digital leaders of marginalized community members. The study's overall strategy is based on a phenomenological case study research design. The methodology of this research paper is qualitative, and through criterion sampling, the data was collected from the school working for physically disabled children. The total sample size is fifteen, consisting of senior students and teachers. The semi-structured interviews were conducted with physically challenged students and teachers. It was derived that students need to be educated about digital literacy. The world is going towards digitalization, so students must know how to use gadgets, apps, etc. The teachers face challenges as they teach visually impaired and deaf children. The students concluded that they want inclusivity in society, providing them opportunities by providing various workplace and societal facilities. The teachers suggested that opportunities must be provided to students at the state level so that they can be considered valuable members of society.

MOTIF AND MEANING OF HIJRAH FOR PUNK MEMBERS OF THE UNDERGROUND TASAWUF COMMUNITY

This research is motivated by the phenomenon of hijrah in marginal communities, especially the underground Sufism community. This community is very concerned about the fate of Punk children around Jabodetabek. On this basis, the researcher was moved to conduct research on the meaning of 'hijrah' for the Punk children of the Underground Tasawuf Community. This research uses the phenomenological method in examining the theme of this discussion. The results of this study indicate that there are two motives for hijrah, first; awareness for wrong behavior and family motives. Meanwhile, hijrah means moving to the sea of ​​knowledge, changing attitudes and improving the quality of worship, cleaning up from heart disease, forgiving and being devoted to parents.

Examining the Use of Art as a Tool for Social Justice in Kenya

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine art as a tool for social justice in Kenya.
 Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low-cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library.
 Findings: The findings revealed that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to the use of art as a tool for social justice in Kenya. The preliminary empirical review revealed that art education is a useful tool in promoting social justice, as it enhances student engagement and facilitates the exchange of information and resources. The study revealed that the community art project facilitated critical thinking, self-expression, and social cohesion among participants. It contributed to raising awareness of social justice issues and empowering marginalized individuals and communities.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Critical Theory, Cultural Hegemony and Aesthetics of Liberation may be used to anchor future studies on the use of art as a tool for social justice in Kenya. The government should promote inclusivity and diversity in the arts by supporting the representation and visibility of underrepresented groups as well as providing resources, funding, and platforms for artists and communities to collaborate on projects that address social justice concerns and amplify marginalized voices.

Research With Marginalized Communities: Reflections on Engaging Roma Women in Northern England

This article critically explores research with marginalized communities. We provide an insight into our work with the Roma community, reflecting on innovation, opportunities, and barriers, alongside the need for more work in this area. A particular focus here surrounds novel methodologies for exploring the health and well-being of such groups and ways of co-producing research. This article also raises awareness around arts-based social prescribing with marginalized communities and the need to upscale work in this regard. Through doing so, we hope to influence practice, raise awareness around work with the Roma community and enable more creativity within the broader field.

Is the neglected tropical disease mass drug administration campaign approach an effective strategy to deliver universal health coverage? A case study of the Liberia neglected tropical disease programme.

Access to affordable, quality healthcare is the key element of universal health coverage (UHC). This study examines the effectiveness of the neglected tropical disease (NTD) mass drug administration (MDA) campaign approach as a means to deliver UHC, using the example of the Liberia national programme. We first mapped the location of 3195 communities from the 2019 national MDA treatment data reporting record of Liberia. The association between coverage for onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis treatment achieved in these communities was then explored using a binomial geo-additive model. This model employed three key determinants for community 'remoteness': population density and the modelled travel time of communities to their supporting health facility and to their nearest major settlement. Maps produced highlight a small number of clusters of low treatment coverage in Liberia. Statistical analysis suggests there is a complex relationship between treatment coverage and geographic location. We accept the MDA campaign approach is a valid mechanism to reach geographically marginal communities and, as such, has the potential to deliver UHC. We recognise there are specific limitations requiring further study.

Challenges, Strategies, and Impacts of Doing Citizen Science with Marginalised and Indigenous Communities: Reflections from Project Coordinators

Citizen science is growing and increasingly realizing its potential in terms of benefiting science and society. However, there are significant barriers to engaging participants in non-Western, non-educated, non-industrialised, non-rich and non-democratic contexts. By reflecting on the experiences of 15 citizen science project coordinators, this paper contributes to the small but growing body of knowledge attempting to identify barriers and opportunities of doing citizen science with marginalised and Indigenous communities. Challenges affecting participation in the analysed projects include issues that range from lack of basic infrastructure and participant safety to unbalanced knowledge hierarchies and data rights. We found that, to overcome these challenges, projects have used several strategies, from promoting decentralized and low-tech solutions to engaging in bottom-up actions from a human-rights approach. Finally, our analysis of project impacts supports the idea that doing citizen science with marginalised and Indigenous communities might have a greater impact for participants than for science, as scientific achievements (although valuable) were not among the most important impacts highlighted in terms of project success. By providing stories from the field in a structured way, we aim to guide, to inform, and to inspire other citizen science projects, and to, ultimately, contribute to broader participation in citizen science in the future.

Sanitising India or Cementing Injustice? Scrutinising the Swachh Bharat Mission in India

Occupational competence and division of labour in India have historically been linked to social institutions of caste, class and gender. Labour related to sanitation and waste disposal has perpetually been assigned to the most backward caste groups. The reality of the caste system and the revulsion of upper caste groups from any physical contact with dirt and human waste, or with people dealing with waste and sewage, has had many implications for the state of sanitation and cleanliness in India. The national policy on sanitation and its flagship program the Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM), seems to ignore this caste reality and the conditions of people involved in waste and sanitation-related activities. SBM focuses on infrastructure building for ownership and access of toilets and not on dealing with sludge and sewage, conditions of sanitary workers and their rehabilitation. The technology used in the toilets being constructed, their sustainability, safety and retrofitting needs also requires critical assessment. Any policy for a sanitised India or Swachh Bharat will only be successful if it considers the notion of caste, of ritual pollution associated with human waste and dirt in India and removes the shackles of caste that have chained few marginal communities to such occupations, thereby making the enterprise of sanitation and cleaning in India truly egalitarian and democratic, in the sense of opportunities and participation.

Study of Various Obstacles on Land Tenure on Jakarta Vertical Land Consolidation in Housing Development Program

The topic of “illegal” settlements cannot be separated from the topic of agrarian tenure, specifically the tenure of land, water, plants, and mining resources. In the development of a capitalistic city, the emergence of settlements through informal land tenure is inevitable due to the inability of the marginalized community to afford the high price of land. Presidential Regulation Number 86 of 2018 regarding Agrarian Reform at first glance looks like fresh air for the urban marginalized communities who have difficulties having asset and access to argarian resources. However, cities in Indonesia have diverse dynamics due to different backgrounds and also due to urbanization, therefore various alternatives are required in the implementation process. One of the Government’s instruments in implementing the agrarian reform mandate to distribute land rights to the people is Land Consolidation, espescially Vertical Land Consolidation in Jakarta due to limited of coverage area. An alternative is needed to ensure that the right to a decent standard of living is fulfilled without making marginal communities merely objects of planning but also subjects of planning.

Tormented visibility: Extremism, stigma, and staging resistance in Omar El-Khairy and Nadia Latif’s Homegrown

ABSTRACT This article examines the circumstances surrounding the cancellation of Omar El-Khairy and Nadia Latif’s play Homegrown in 2015. Commissioned by the National Youth Theatre, it was unexpectedly cancelled days before it was due to open. This move can be attributed to heightened sensitivity towards so-called “extreme” opinions of the kind Homegrown features, as the British government tightened definitions of unacceptable speech and placed the onus on civil society bodies to police it. Yet, as this article argues, Homegrown’s treatment can also be understood in terms of the historical commissioning processes for minority – especially Muslim – theatre, which privilege certain topics and modes of address that result in marginal communities’ continued stigmatization. From the outset, Homegrown was alert to these constraints and sought to counter them through a radical refusal to conduct its debates in the manner approved by the framing conventions of security discourse and the governing etiquette of post-9/11 theatre.

The Role of Baitul Maal wat Tamwil in Empowering Msmes in Indonesia: a Study of Indonesian Islamic Microfinance Institutions

Purpose: This study aims to determine the problems in Baitul Maal Wat Tamwil (BMT) in empowering the economy of the ummah in Indonesia. Theoretical framework: The main topics discussed are the concept and systematics of Baitul Maal Wa Tamwil, the role of BMT in the economic empowerment of MSMEs and people experiencing poverty, and the problems BMT faces. Design/methodology/approach: This study uses a descriptive qualitative method that conveys data verbally and emphasizes contextual issues. Data were obtained from 24 BMT managers spread across East Java. Findings: The results of this study confirm that there are various problems perceived by BMT, including a lack of understanding of sharia economics owned by managers, DPS and members, limited capital, low participation of the general public, BMT regulations, existence, weak entrepreneurship skills of members, lack of sense of ownership of BMT presence, and implementation techniques and management that are not optimal. Research, Practical & Social implications: This research contributes to classifying the problems that are currently occurring in several BMTs in East Java so that evaluations in several sectors can be identified that must be improved in order to optimize the role of the BMT in helping marginal communities to be free from poverty. Originality/value: This research classifies the problems of BMT in Indonesia, not only discussing it from an economic perspective but this research also discussing BMT regulations.

Two needs, one deed: optimising malaria outcomes through mangrove interventions in ghana

Uncertainties around deforestation influences on vector-borne disease transmission and prevalence means that varieties of forest management techniques must be included in evaluations of health management policies.This commentary presents ideas for improving malaria management policy in marginal communities, where both elimination of health inequalities and mangrove restoration are desirable interventions. It relies on results of novel application of Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) on causal relationships influencing malaria incidence in Ghana. Restoration-related mangrove conditions were investigated alongside the predominant vector control strategies.QCA findings show ecological conditions of temperature reduction, improved water quality, arrest of mangrove land conversion and presence of biological control agents combining diversely to amplify impacts of personal protective measures, especially insecticide treated net usage. The viewpoint is that ecosystem and health mangers must collaborate in capacity building, trend monitoring and creation of new knowledge to ensure that cross-sector benefits are sufficiently addressed in policy reforms. Further research required to reveal how mangrove presence and/or restoration affect malaria parasite prevalence and transmission dynamics in mangrove mosquitoes, to identify pathways for modifying and tailoring vector-control strategies to suit needs in mangrove communities.QCA could be a valuable causal inference technique for bringing clarity to nature-health relationships because it makes room for analysis of 'conjunctural' impacts of non-nature conditions.

Health equity related challenges and experiences during the rapid implementation of virtual care during COVID-19: a multiple case study

BackgroundVirtual care quickly became of crucial importance to health systems around the world during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the potential of virtual care to enhance access for some communities, the scale and pace at which services were virtualized did not leave many organizations with sufficient time and resources to ensure optimal and equitable delivery of care for everyone. The objective of this paper is to outline the experiences of health care organizations rapidly implementing virtual care during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic and examine whether and how health equity was considered.MethodsWe used an exploratory, multiple case study approach involving four health and social service organizations providing virtual care services to structurally marginalized communities in the province of Ontario, Canada. We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with providers, managers, and patients to understand the challenges experienced by organizations and the strategies put in place to support health equity during the rapid virtualization of care. Thirty-eight interviews were thematically analyzed using rapid analytic techniques.ResultsOrganizations experienced challenges related to infrastructure availability, digital health literacy, culturally appropriate approaches, capacity for health equity, and virtual care suitability. Strategies to support health equity included the provision of blended models of care, creation of volunteer and staff support teams, participation in community engagement and outreach, and securement of infrastructure for clients. We put our findings into the context of an existing framework conceptualizing access to health care and expand on what this means for equitable access to virtual care for structurally marginalized communities.ConclusionThis paper highlights the need to pay greater attention to the role of health equity in virtual care delivery and situate that conversation around existing inequitable structures in the health care system that are perpetuated when delivering care virtually. An equitable and sustainable approach to virtual care delivery will require applying an intersectionality lens on the strategies and solutions needed to address existing inequities in the system.

The andro-white marketization of volunteer and community services: A case study of London’s social reproduction crisis

Neoliberal austerity has hit hard for people of colour and women living in deprived urban spaces, where we observe unprecedented levels of inequality in access to care and food. In this context, volunteer and community services (VCSs) have become fundamental to compensating for the lack of urban public services that support human needs. This article deploys a social reproduction framework to analyse the andro-white marketization of VCSs occurring in the care and food solidarity practices in London. By unpacking this multidimensional process through a combination of material and methods, it untangles the racialised, class and gendered forms of material exploitation and cultural domination exercised on and through VCSs circuits operating in marginal communities. Along these lines, it reflects on the transformational limits of the neoliberal care system in supporting the social reproduction of unequal cities.

Smartize and Humanize People in the Village for Every Pandemic

The use of the internet in the village has risen to the smart-village concept in which the communication pattern between members of the village community uses the internet effectively and efficiently. The use of internet-based social media is also increasing in both frequency and intensity. However, the traditional pattern of village communities, which are more personal and flexible, creates a gap with applying smart villages that are impersonal, mechanical, and precise. Therefore, it is interesting to examine the application of smart villages that are to the conditions of the village community; in this case, the application of smart villages that are more realistic to the needs of the community, namely humanized smart villages or humanized-smart villages. This study uses a case study approach by comparing two villages that represent villages close to urban areas and those relatively far from urban areas. The results of this study show that the use and utilization of the internet will naturally create marginal or non-eligible community groups. Therefore, in the concept of a humanized smart village, a model can be formulated that allows these marginalized communities to be intensely involved in using the internet and social media. The model is characterized by inclusive, deconstructive, mediation, and institutionalization. In this concept, humanized or humane is indicated by fulfilling the rights of community groups who can’t use and utilize the internet and social media to become systematically involved.
 Keywords: humanized smart villages, inclusive, deconstructive, mediation, institutionalization

Oradea Metropolitan Area as a Space of Interspecific Relations Triggered by Physical and Potential Tourist Activities

Metropolitan areas provide many opportunities to spend quality outdoor leisure time as well as to discover many cultural attractions. Sprawl occurs in Romania quite rapidly, encouraged by the construction of ring roads around many cities and their expansion into metropolitan areas. The current paper aims to identify metropolitan tourism models based on which tourist flows can be sustainably reoriented within rural Oradea Metropolitan Area (OMA) given their the tourist potential level (i.e., very low, low, average, high). The tourist potential was scaled based on the Methodology for the Analysis of a Territory’s Tourist Potential, which stands as a law published in the Official Monitor of the 14th of June 2016. The study indicates that most tourist activity develops in the OMA southern part in Sânmartin commune, thus unsustainably capturing all tourist flows of the rural OMA. Natural and man-made tourist attractions’ territorial concentrations were emphasized in the communes from the south and northern OMA, but there are major territorial dysfunctions in terms of technical endowment and tourist infrastructure supply. The three emerged models refer to the medical–recreational and eco–residential wellness network, discovery eco-holiday, and co-visit and marginal community.

Proyección social universitaria como eje para prevención de infestaciones parasitarias en comunidades marginales del Perú

Parasitic infestations are a public health problem in marginal communities, which can be combated with the contribution of professional knowledge that generates changes in human behavior that would help to prevent them. As an objective, it was proposed to determine the university social projection as an axis for the prevention of parasitic infestations in marginal communities of Peru. The study was descriptive-cross-sectional in the period February-August 2022, with a sample of 11 community promoters and 164 households from three communities in the Huánuco Province of Peru. As a data collection instrument, a pre-test and post-test was applied after the training on parasitic infestations. The data was stored in Microsfot Excel and processed through the statistical package to know frequencies (%) and confidence intervals. As a result, 36.36% of the promoters were 41-45 years old, 45.45% had higher education and 27.27% were housewives, 17.07% of the caregiver mothers were 31-35 years old, 75 00% were high school graduates and 32.32% were housewives, 63.64% of the promoters' capacities knew about pediculosis and 54.55% showed competence to promote deworming of animals, while the mothers who were caregivers 67, 07% in the prevention of it and 64.02% combed the girls' hair before taking them to school, in the post-test the changes were significant, raising the %. In conclusion, it is necessary to continue working on the application of health education programs, modifying human behaviors and habits to prevent parasitic infestation diseases.

Flood frequency and flood intensity changes in the post embankment period in the Kosi sub-basin India: Impact of location, caste, and class on the flood vulnerability of the marginal communities

The overall precipitation in the state of Bihar, India is showing a decreasing trend both annually and seasonally, and yet extreme flood events are on the rise. The Kosi river embankments built to safeguard communities against flood risk are a product of socio-political and historical events in the past, but have resulted in differential impacts on those living inside and outside these embankments. The geomorphology of the river Kosi also makes it highly susceptible to recurring floods because it forms one of the largest inland deltas in North Bihar. Flood protection structures such as embankments exacerbate the magnitude of floods by jacketing the heavy sediment load and thus raising the riverbeds and exacerbating the intensity and duration of floods. Our paper employs an interdisciplinary approach to analysing both the biophysical and socio-institutional causalities of increasing flood events. From the quantitative analysis of rainfall data, we find that the daily, as well as monthly rainfall alone are not responsible for extreme flood events. The extreme rainfall events in the summer monsoon also do not increase the odds of flooding. Therefore, we conclude that precipitation alone is not the main factor affecting community's vulnerabilities but, a combination of socio-institutional factors including spatial location with respect to the embankment, class and caste of these communities. Our statistical analysis correlating daily and monthly gridded rainfall to the occurrences of flooding at the district level suggest that there are fewer flood events in the presence of the embankments across all years. However, primary data from household interviews and field observations confirm that the frequency and intensity of floods have increased in the post-embankment period. We found that the breaching of the river embankments is one of the major factors responsible for floods outside of the embankments. Kosi's marginalized communities perceive that they have become more vulnerable to flood risk in the post-embankment period with a declining standard of living in the Kosi villages caused by lack of proper roads, economic opportunities, educational institutions, public utilities and healthcare facilities, especially in areas with embankments.