Marginal State Research Articles

The Implication Problem for Functional Dependencies and Variants of Marginal Distribution Equivalences

We study functional dependencies together with two different probabilistic dependency notions: unary marginal identity and unary marginal distribution equivalence. A unary marginal identity states that two variables \(x\) and \(y\) are identically distributed. A unary marginal distribution equivalence states that the multiset consisting of the marginal probabilities of all the values for variable \(x\) is the same as the corresponding multiset for \(y\) . We present a sound and complete axiomatization for the class of these dependencies and show that it has Armstrong relations. The axiomatization is infinite, but we show that there can be no finite axiomatization. The implication problem for the subclass that contains only functional dependencies and unary marginal identities can be simulated with functional dependencies and unary inclusion atoms, and therefore the problem is in polynomial-time. This complexity bound also holds in the case of the full class, which we show by constructing a polynomial-time algorithm.

De-escalation of Radiation Therapy in the Treatment Plan of Patients with Stage I-IIV Breast Cancer after Subcutaneous/Skin-Sparing Mastectomies with Immediate Reconstruction

Introduction. Indications for radiation therapy after mastectomies with/without reconstruction at T1­2N0­1M0 remain unclear; treatment standards contain references to the possible administration of radiation therapy for factors that increase breast cancer recurrence. Materials and methods. A retrospective single­center, non­randomized study enrolled 984 breast cancer patients treated at P.A. Gertsen Moscow Cancer Research Institute from 2014 to 2022. Patients were divided into 2 groups: a radiotherapy group and a non­radiotherapy group. Results and discussion. The paper presents an analysis of patients’ age, the histological structure of the tumor, immunohistochemical characteristics, tumor grade, multicentricity, presence of lymphovascular invasion, tumor cells, the state of R1 and R0 margins, and the tumor stage at risk of recurrence. Overall survival in the recurrence group accounted for 95.1%, in the non­recurrence group – 98.4%. In the radiotherapy group (group I), the overall survival comprised 98.4%; metastases were diagnosed in 4.9% of cases. In thenon­radiotherapy group (group II), the overall survival amounted to 98.2%; metastases were revealed in 5.9% of cases. Conclusion. Univariate analysis in the study groups showed that radiation therapy reduced the risk of relapse by 3.5%. In case of positive R1 margin, radiotherapy is recommended, which was confirmed in our study, the difference accounted for 14.5%, and in the presence of R1, radiotherapy is claimed to be necessary in the postoperative period. When analyzing the stage of breast cancer and the risk of recurrence, the statistical difference was revealed only at stage IIA (T1N1M0); radiation therapy reduced the risk of breast cancer recurrence. The statistical difference in groups I and II was detected at Grade 2 tumor, Ki­67 level less than 50%, presence of tumor embolism and age of patients under 40 years. Radiation therapy after subcutaneous/skin­sparing mastectomy reduces the recurrence risk by 3.2%; however, the overall survival in group I and group II accounted for 98.4 and 98.2%, respectively; the difference is not statistically significant. In our study, the criteria for prescribing radiation therapy in the postoperative period include: young age of the patients, R1 resection margin, luminal/non­luminal HER2 positive type, cN1, presence of tumor embolism.

EHD Instabilities in Two Layers of Insulating and Conducting Immiscible Liquids Subjected to Unipolar Charge Injection

In this paper, the instability of two layers of insulating and conducting immiscible liquids separated by a deformable interface and subjected to unipolar injection is examined. Taking into account the slight deformation of the interface between the two liquids, a system of equations and boundary conditions is derived at marginal state. Non zero numerical solutions for both layers exist only for eigenvalues of the instability parameter T, which depends on the following parameters: injection level C, Bond number Bo, a new non-dimensional parameter P proportional to interfacial tension and the ratio of the layers’ thickness and of liquids viscosity. The variations in the instability criterion Tc, corresponding to the smallest eigenvalue, are examined in detail as a function of the main characteristic parameters C, P and the Bond number. We find that for some values of P, two instability mechanisms convective and interfacial ones can take place. When the strength of interfacial tension or the liquid thickness ratio is very low, the critical number tends to a value corresponding to interfacial instability. The influence of injection-induced convection in the insulating layer and the effect of interfacial deformation on interfacial instability are also discussed.

ON THE THERMAL STABILITY AND THE STELLAR PLASMAS DYNAMICS

lt was carried out an approximation to the joint of equations obtained from the stability analysis of a plasma with solar abundance Ibáñez, Steele, and Higuera (1995), Higuera (1995). Theses consisted in make the coeflicient Ñ (stability or instability factor) equal to zero (marginal state) permitting to execute an algorithm that solves the equations derived. The numerical integration shows the behavior of the center temperature Tc with respect to the boundary temperature n, as well as the dependency between the parameter ∈• with Tc in the laminar structure.

Characterizing nonclassical correlation via local channels

Local operation is an important tool to characterize the nonlocal aspects of multipartite quantum system. Exploiting the notion of resource theory of coherence, in this article, we establish a quantum correlation measure as the difference between the bipartite coherence and marginal state coherence. We study the Tsallis α-entropy (TαE) coherence based quantum correlation of bipartite state relative to different channels such as unitary channel, the twirling (unitary-induced) channel, projective measurements and weak measurements. It is shown that the quantum channel helps us to discriminate the product and classical-quantum states. We provide the operational interpretation of the correlation measure relative to the measurement in terms of classical uncertainty of channel. A closer connection between the correlation relative to the projective measurements and weak measurements is obtained in terms of measurement strength. As an illustration, we have studied the quantum correlations of well-known two-qubit states.

Nonlinear instability of surface waves between viscous–liquid and subsonic‐gas layers subject to uniform oblique magnetic field

AbstractNonlinear instability of surface waves between viscous–liquid and inviscid‐gas layers is discussed. The two fluids are magnetic and subjected to uniform oblique magnetic field. The gas is subsonic and the viscosity is introduced by viscous potential approximation. The evolution equations near and on the marginal state are derived by means of multiple scales technique. The stability criteria of the waves are obtained by the modulation idea. Many special cases of dispersion equation as well as solvability conditions correspond well the similar ones in the literature. Various numerical applications have been investigated to reveal the parameters effects on the system stability. Linear results show dual influences for magnetic field, sum of inclination angles and permeability ratio whereas the wavelength, gas motion, and inclination angle in the liquid tend to destabilize the flow. Nonlinear applications reveal dual role for the gas thickness, while it has a linear stable‐role. Moreover, nonlinearity shows dual roles for viscosity and liquid thickness, which have no influences according to linear theory. The investigation of stability using nonlinear theory seems more accurate to describe the (un)stable influences comparing with the linear one. The current work may be useful to give more accurate comprehension of stability process as well as to obtain the required conditions of stability by designing suitable devices, which control the model parameters.

The Punitive State: The Making of Juvenile Delinquents in Portugal

In what appears to be the staging of a Foucauldian drama on crime and punishment, the police, judiciary and penal system in Portugal work, albeit unintentionally, hand in hand in the production of juvenile delinquents. Young sub-citizens from the socioeconomic periphery are penalized as much for their state of marginality as for their deeds, transforming petty crooks into habitual offenders, doomed to spend their youth behind bars. Based on ethnographic fieldwork in criminal courts and prisons in the Lisbon metropolitan area, the article discusses the role of law enforcement, the judiciary and prisons in the forging of criminal identities. It is argued that Portugal's punitive approach to criminal justice, despite its low crime rates, is rooted primarily in the history of its institutions and the criminologies of their agents, preserving class boundaries in a persistently unequal society.

Classifying Multiparticle Entanglement with Passive State Energies

AbstractThermodynamics as a fundamental branch of physics examines the relationships between heat, work, and energy. The maximum energy extraction can be characterized by using the passive states that have no extracted energy under any cyclic unitary process. In this paper, the focus is on the concept of marginal passive state energy and derive polygon inequalities for multi‐qubit entangled pure states. It is shown that the marginal passive state energies collectively form a convex polytope for each class of quantum states that are equivalent under SLOCC. Multipartite passive state energy criteria is introduced to classify multipartite entanglement under SLOCC. The present result provides a thermodynamic method to witness multipartite entanglement.

Behavior of quantum coherence in quantum phase transitions of two-dimensional XY and ising models

We investigate the quantum coherence behavior of the ground states of 2D Heisenberg XY model and 2D Ising model with a transverse field on square lattices using the Quantum Renormalization Group (QRG) method. Our analysis focused on the ground state density matrix and its marginal states, revealing non-analytic behavior of quantum coherence (especially two-site coherence) near the critical point. This behavior allowed us to detect quantum phase transitions (QPT) in these models. By examining the scaling behavior of the maximum derivative of quantum coherence with system size, we determined the critical exponent of coherence for both models and the length exponent of the Ising model. Additionally, we investigated the time evolution of coherence in both models. Our results closely align with those obtained from entanglement analysis, that is while quantum coherence requires fewer computational calculations compared to discord and entanglement approaches.

Homelessness, Poverty and Transgender Persons: Qualitative Evidence from the Garima Greh of Rajasthan under the SMILE Scheme, India

Sexual and gender minorities in India have been victims of homelessness and poverty post­independence. Studies have shown that these factors have often found the transgender persons in a state of marginalization and also become subjects of Crime. The Indian government post the Transgender Persons’ (Protec­tion of Rights) Act, 2019 has established shelter homes for providing skill and livelihood opportunities to the transgender persons for a short term. This study delves into the working model of the Garima Greh of Rajasthan. The transgender persons find these shelter homes safe, learning space and a second innings to their lives. Such establishments have helped the community members to come out of homelessness and acquire skills for leading a better life ahead. Despite of becoming a success from the inception year itself, it has been studied that these homes are struggling due to lack of regular financial and administrative support by the government.

INTRODUCTION: Taiwan – Re-articulations of Politics and Culture in a Marginal State

INTRODUCTION: Taiwan – Re-articulations of Politics and Culture in a Marginal State

The Counter-Roman Rhetoric in Philippians as Heard by the Marginalized: A Taiwanese Reflection

Abstract Paul’s letter to the Philippians conveys a counter-Roman rhetoric with its entire structure, and this message could have been heard differently by the citizens and noncitizens living in Philippi. Following Peter Oakes’s reconstruction of the population in Philippi, I argue that Philippians primarily addresses the suffering noncitizens, and that Taiwan’s history of colonization and current state of marginalization can help us perceive the fuller meaning of Paul’s counter-Roman rhetoric as heard by its earliest intended audience. For Taiwanese Christians, who have a long history of being colonized and still do not have an internationally recognized citizenship today, Philippians provides political encouragement and comfort. The Taiwanese situation in turn sheds light on the way that Philippians challenges both its first readers and readers today in general to receive this letter from the position of the marginalized majority.

Arrangement of nearby minima and saddles in the mixed spherical energy landscapes

The mixed spherical models were recently found to violate long-held assumptions about mean-field glassy dynamics. In particular, the threshold energy, where most stationary points are marginal and that in the simpler pure models attracts long-time dynamics, seems to lose significance. Here, we compute the typical distribution of stationary points relative to each other in mixed models with a replica symmetric complexity. We examine the stability of nearby points, accounting for the presence of an isolated eigenvalue in their spectrum due to their proximity. Despite finding rich structure not present in the pure models, we find nothing that distinguishes the points that do attract the dynamics. Instead, we find new geometric significance of the old threshold energy, and invalidate pictures of the arrangement of most marginal inherent states into a continuous manifold.

Daughters Opera: an epistemic representation of feminist solidarities

ABSTRACT Daughters Opera (2020), an inter-cultural Indian-Australian opera, offers possibilities of solidarities through a unique interdisciplinary and experimental encounter using text, music, movement, and site. Women artists from the Global North and Global South come together to embrace multiple performative forms to create an immersive experience focused on women’s experience of violence (domestic and institutional) from the everyday to the extreme. Drawing from writings on the aesthetics of care, these practitioners prioritise relationality and interdependency, wherein the participants and the art-making process is intrinsically linked. It is their feminist aesthetics of care, their ‘affective solidarity’ (Thompson 2015: 430), which enables them to show the migrant figures as resilient and optimistic in spite of their marginalised lives. Daughters Opera showcases individual stories of working-class women navigating the intense hardships levied on them due to their precarious position as disenfranchised subjects. This article delineates how Daughters Opera, through a series of carefully curated images, depicts women’s labour as conveniently invisibilised, and how they are kept in a state of impermanence and marginality. I read the performance as a distillation of female suffering and peripheral positioning through images of migrating bodies, labouring and oppressed voices, and fragile female bodies burning out and performing displacement.

Adult colocolic intussusception originating in a colonic GIST.

We report the case of an 86-year-old male who was admitted for intestinal subocclusion, in whom an abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan and colonoscopy revealed a colocolonic intussusception with an underlying and heterogeneous mass, failing to rule out a neoformative lesion. A left hemicolectomy procedure was carried out with regional lymphadenectomy (because of the potential neoplastic origin) through laparoscopy, and the patient had a favourable postoperative course. Pathology described 45cm of an intestinal segment, with intussusception and with a 12x7x6 cm ulcerated polypoid lesion. Lesion was revealed as high grade GIST, pathological state of pT4, N0 and free margins. The patient was treated with adjuvant Imatinib. The presentation of a colonic GIST as a colocolic intussusception causing intestinal subocclusion is an extraordinary case, and in our patient, early diagnosis with abdominal CT and free margin surgery were key for successful management.

Sustainable regional development and peripherality and innovation in the conditions of globalization

Purpose: The main aim of the article is to characterize and analyze the issue of sustainable development in the regional dimension, with particular emphasis on peripherality and innovation as a context of modernization changes in the conditions of globalization. Design/methodology/approach: The article uses a method of analysis of literature in the field of regional studies, referring to the problems of regional development in the perspective of conditions and changes in the macroscale. The thematic scope of the article includes an analysis of the theoretical foundations of regional development, the issue of regional disparities and developmental distances, the characteristics of peripherality and innovation as phenomena determining opportunities and barriers to development in the conditions of the globalization process. Social implications: The impact of the characteristics and analysis contained in the article can mark itself in terms of the goals and directions of regional policies formulated and implemented by public authorities at different levels. It can contribute to increasing the awareness and scope of knowledge of the regional community, especially its decision-making circles, with regard to the main goals and directions of development at the regional level, taking into account the role of innovation in overcoming the state of peripherality and marginalization under the prevailing global development trends. Originality/value: The value of the article is based on a focused analysis of the issue of sustainable regional development and showing its determinants in a new perspective, determined by the phenomena of peripherality and innovation as a context of changes on a global scale. The characteristics and analyses of the issue in question contained in the article are part of the trend of regional studies oriented towards the search for ways to overcome inter-regional disparities and disparities in order to achieve regional balance and convergence. Keywords: sustainable regional development, peripherality, innovation, globalization. Category of the paper: General review

The experience of foreignness in The Double Book by Dimitris Hatzis

Dimitris Hatzis’ novel, The Double Book (1976), a work of migrant literature, is an interweave of paradigmatic stories of Greeks who emigrate and reshape their identity, after leaving behind their life in their native land. The experience of foreignness is experienced both by characters in the book who consciously choose to uproot themselves from their homeland and struggle to adapt to the unfamiliar cultural environments of foreign lands, while battling against nostalgia, alienation and loneliness, and also by others who are forced to leave their provincial birthplace and end up feeling alien to themselves. The present study attempts to view these stories as the axes of a modern narrative about the “romeiko” and its lost generations, which presents different but equally painful experiences of expatriation and the aspects of the hard struggle for survival in an unwelcoming land. Taking into account postmodern theoretical approaches to migrant writing which describe it as “writing between the two” (“écriture de l’entre-deux”), it examines both the nostalgic recollections of a fragmented individual and collective memory of the recent or distant past, linked to the longing to return, and the ideological and ontological problems created by experiencing “déterritorialisation” and a sense of not belonging (“désappartenance”). The study also contemplates the marginal psychological states that arise during the process of acculturation, which are caused by difficulties in communication or by the subjective and national identity crisis of the immigrants. Nevertheless, hope of an interdependent multi-ethnic world emerges at the end of the novel, and gives rise to a humanist reflection on the need to form intercultural consciences and open “rhizomatic identities” (“identités rhizomatiques”) in contemporary multicultural communities.

Маргиналдылық әлеуметтік-мәдени құбылыс ретінде

Мақала маргиналдылықты әлеуметтік-мәдени құбылыс ретінде қарастыруға арналған. Қазіргі таңдажаңа әлеуметтік күштер мен қатынастардың қалыптасу кезеңінде көптеген қоғамдар, соның ішінде қазақстандық қоғам да белгілі бір дәрежеде құндылықтық-нормативтік вакуумды бастан кешіріп жатқандығына байланысты, дәл осы кезеңде маргинализация процесі күрт күшейіп, өз ауқымында кеңейіп келеді. Жаңа бағдарлардың қалыптасуы жағдайында маргиналды адамдар тұрақты әлеуметтік бағдарлардан айырылады, оларға өздерін жеткілікті сенімділік пен айқындықпен анықтау өте қиын.Маргиналды күй адам бір мәдениеттен кетіп, оны өзінің болмысының сыртқы жазықтығында қалдырып, ол үшін жаңа мәдениетке сәйкес келмейтіндігімен сипатталады, бірақ ол оның сансыз көріністерінің қатысуымен өмір сүреді. Адам жаңа мәдени белгілерді игеру сатысында, бірақ оларды әлі игере алмайды. Бұл өтпелі, шекаралық әлеуметтік-мәдени жағдай ретінде маргиналдылықтың парадоксалды сипаты. Әдетте, маргинализация процесі күрт күшейіп, өз ауқымында кеңейеді. Адамдар сенімсіздік пен әлеуметтік тұрақсыздықты сезінеді. Осыған байланысты бұл мақаланың мақсаты маргиналдылық мәселесін тереңірек зерттеу қажеттілігі болды. Маргиналдылық мәселесін зерттеуге сүйене отырып, жеке адамда біртұтас және алуан түрлі, тұтас, атап айтқанда әмбебап және біртұтас болады деген қорытынды жасауға болады. Осыған байланысты маргинализация мәселесі жеке өзін-өзі анықтау арқылы шешілуі керек. Мақаланы жазуда маргиналдылық мәселелерін зерттеген философтар, әлеуметтанушылар және педагогтердің еңбектері қарастырылды. Авторлар маргиналдылық мәселесін шешуге арналған бірқатар ұсыныстар жасаған.

Extended Distal Pancreatectomy for Cancer of the Body and Tail of the Pancreas: Analysis of Early and Late Results.

Cancer of the body-tail of the pancreas often involves adjacent structures. Thus, surgical treatment may be extended to other organs or vessels in order to achieve radical resection. The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of extended distal pancreatectomy for ductal adenocarcinoma of the body and tail of the pancreas. Between January 2000 and December 2016, 101 patients underwent distal pancreatectomy (DP) for pancreatic cancer: 65 patients underwent standard-DP and 36 extended-DP, including the resection of the partial stomach (n = 12), adrenal gland (n = 7), liver (n = 7), colon (n = 8), celiac axis (n = 6), portal vein (n = 5), jejunum (n = 4) and kidney (n = 4). The two groups were compared in terms of their TNM classification, pathological grade, nodal status, state of resection margins, age, sex and levels of preoperative serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19.9). The morbidity and mortality were not statistically different in the two groups. The two groups disease-free and overall survival rates were significantly influenced by the tumor's stage, nodal status, pathological features and resection margins. Survival was not influenced by the extent of the surgical resection. However, when patients were stratified according to the type of extended resection, survival was worse in the group of patients undergoing vascular resection. Multivariate analysis showed that the stage and resection margins are independent predictors of disease-free and overall survival. Extended distal pancreatectomy may be performed with acceptable morbidity and mortality rates. Survival is not significantly different after standard or extended resection. However, the rate of tumor recurrence is high, and long-term survival is a rare event, especially in those patients who undergo distal pancreatectomy associated with vascular resection.

The burden of mental disorders in Mexico, 1990-2019: Mental and neurological disorders, substance use, suicides, and related somatic disorders

IntroductionMental, neurological, substance use, suicide, and related somatic disorders (MNSS, for the Spanish acronym) have a negative impact on the quality-of-life of people and the Mexican economy, but updated information is lacking. The objective of this work is to analyze the disability adjusted life years (DALYs) of the MNSS in Mexico by sex, age, state, and degree of marginalization between 1990 and 2019. MethodsThe data and methodology of the «Global Burden of Disease Group» (GBD) are used. The GBD calculates DALYs as the sum of two components: years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLL) and years lived with disability (YLD). Likewise, the data on the degree of marginalization from the National Population Council in Mexico are used. ResultsMNSS represented 16.3% of the disease burden in the Mexican population in 2019. The trend of the age-standardized rates of DALYs of the MNSS has increased little from 1990 to 2019. The highest increase has been for women. Mental (depression) and neurological (headache) disorders contribute the most to the disease burden among MNSS. In the interior of the country, Baja California Sur presented the highest increase in the period. DiscussionThe results show a complex panorama of the MNSS and its subtypes by sex, age groups and territory. More resources are needed to improve mental health care.