Maramures County Research Articles

Spectroscopy Investigation of Triptych Icon from the Borsa Church, Maramures County

A triptych icon from the 18th century from Borsa Maramure�s County, Romania was investigated by physical-chemical destructive and nondestructive methods: Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-Ray Diffraction and thermal analysis by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). There were identified: gypsum as ground, wooden stage (lime wood), egg yolk as binder, pigments from the painting layer (red lead, green malachite and white lead), silver foil, iron bolus and animal glue for ground. The scientific investigation of various religious objects in general, this wooden icon in the present case, is a mandatory step in the approach to conservation and restoration of cultural goods.

A DEEP DIVE INTO THE CHRONIC AIR POLLUTION REALITY IN BAIA MARE: PART I: SOURCES OF HISTORICAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION IN BAIA MARE AND THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO AIR POLLUTION

The city of Baia Mare is located in the Baia Mare Depression, a region which is characterized by intense anthropogenic activity. Due to the long-lasting local mining and metallurgical tradition, this area was among the most problematic in the country in terms of historical pollution and its consequences. In Baia Mare, pollution is chronic (historical), but also diversified, with several notable sources. The present paper, the first part of a complex three-piece study, aims to provide an overview of the historical sources of air pollution in Baia Mare, while the second part will highlight the air quality evolution in Baia Mare between 1995 and 2006, and the third and final piece will analyse the effects of this chronic pollution on human health. This article is a historical, descriptive and analytical investigation of the main sources of historical environmental pollution (including air pollution) in Baia Mare. The aim of the study is to highlight the activities carried out by these polluting companies and to emphasize the contribution of these activities and various technological processes to air pollution in Baia Mare, between 1995 and 2006. The industry in Maramures County, where Baia Mare is located, had a significant contribution to the country’s lead, copper, gold and silver production. At the same time, due to the nature of their activities, these industrial branches were heavy polluters. The historical environmental pollution (including air pollution) in Baia Mare had three major sources: the National Company of Precious and Nonferrous Metals (NCPNM) - Remin Corporation; Cuprom Corporation; Romplumb Corporation. NCPNM - Remin Corporation processed polymetallic deposits of lead, zinc, copper and ferro-manganese deposits, and the company was an important producer of gold, silver, lead, zinc and copper concentrates. The basic activity of Cuprom Corporation consisted of extracting nonferrous metals by pyrometallurgically processing cuprous and gold concentrates. The main activity performed by Romplumb Corporation was obtaining decopperised lead by pyrometallurgically processing lead-cuprous concentrates. The activities of the three major companies led to the systematic exceedances of limit values set for the pollutants resulting from various technological processes, namely suspended particulate matter, heavy metals and SO 2 . All three companies were active for decades and, until the early 2000s, environmental protection was not a priority in the technological process management of these three metallurgical centres. Unfortunately, after the year 2000, investments in green technologies were insufficient and, starting with 2008, the economic crisis also affected the three companies mentioned above. Currently, NCPNM - Remin and Romplumb Corporations are insolvent and Cuprom Corporation is bankrupt.

FUNERAL RITUALS IN THE MODERN MARAMURES COUNTY AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL APPLICATION

The main objective of this paper is to present and analyze the cultural meaning in “passing away”, its scope is to illustrate in detail how this event is perceived in Romanian culture, especially in the county region we will study about. Each country has its own funeral rituals and is directly interconnected with religion, education, traditional roots that where influenced by geographical location and individual teachings over time. Our attention was towards our birth place called Salistea de Sus, a village in Maramures County. The doctrine of each religion confirms the “immortality of the soul” and share the same mantra that death is a continuation of life, a transcendence in another existence beyond death. In the Orthodox Christian denomination, the most common religion in Maramures, the doctrine about death is different; it is believed that life after death is still an enigma somehow, but according to tradition is a continuation of this earthly life in another spiritual life, close to God.

Study of the Influence of External Factors on the Germination of Bean Seeds

The aim of our study was to follow the influence of the substrate, (single respectively double filter paper), the environment conditions (light, darkness), of the seed’s measure and age, on the beans germination. These aspects were followed because the specialty literature correlates the loss of the germinative capacity with different external and internal factors. Three local varieties: P1 (Albenghino), P2 (Cannellini), P3 (Black Turtle), grown in Maramures County, with undetermined growth and different permeability of the seminal skin, were chosen for the experiment. One hundred seeds of every sort were placed in three replications. The energy and germinative faculty were determined, calculating the average values obtained at the replications. We noted that the P2 variety had the highest germinative faculty of 83.33% on double layer under light conditions, and the germination of 100% under darkness. The P1 variety is on the second place. The germinative faculty of the P3 variety is of only 70% on a single substrate and 80% on double layer. The germinative energy and faculty of the seeds provided from 2013 are diminished comparatively with those from 2014. The local population P3 proved to be more influenced by age, with a germinative energy of 30% in 2013 and 60% in 2014. The positive influence of the darkness conditions, both for the seeds provided from 2013 and 2014, was noted.

A Comparison Between Ritual and Conventional Slaughter in Regard to Animal Welfare and Meat Hygienic Quality

The slaughter process in its current form is responsible to numerous physiological impacts on the animal and as a consequence affects the quality of the meat which is produced. The kosher slaughter is performed by a Rabbi (a certified Jewish religious priest) employed by the meat processing facility. The aim was to compare different types of slaughter methods and restraining techniques in order to determine the positive and negative sides of each method and to assess the hygienic quality of the meat produced from this method of slaughter. The information regarding kosher slaughter was gathered from one slaughterhouse located in Israel, Haifa city, and specific aspects related to the conventional slaughter technology, was acquired from a slaughterhouse located in Maramures County, where we critically observed the cattle slaughter technology, with focus on stunning and bleeding steps. In order to compare the hygienic quality of kosher beef with conventional beef the research material consisted by 40 samples of beef, half of the samples were represented by kosher beef and the other half (conventional beef) were used as control. Total viable and Enterobacteriaceae count were performed from the collected samples according with standards methods. In case of conventional slaughter, with respecting of good hygienic practices (GHP), bleeding will not open the esophagus and trachea, preventing thus the possibility of contamination. Stunning performed in conventional slaughter could increase the risk of contamination of carcasses with prions in case of penetration of the skull. In case of kosher meat, the results regarding total plate count revealed values between 2.78±0.6 log cfu/cm2 and 3.40±0.2 log cfu/cm2. In case of Enterobacteriaceae germs, we noticed that 3 samples shown a negative results. For the rest of the samples, the microbial load ranged between 2.54±0.62 log fcu/cm2 and 3.1±0.32 log fcu/cm2. In comparison, the conventional meat (control), present an elevated total microbial load, ranged between 4.77±0.56 log cfu/cm2 and 5.34±0.21 log cfu/cm2. The Enterobacteriacee load ranged between 4.1±0.56 log cfu/cm2 and 5.33±0.2 log cfu/cm2. Ritual kosher slaughter is a humane way of sacrificing animals for human consumption although there are many parameters which need to be carefully monitored in order to guarantee the welfare of the slaughtered animals. And thus, inherently this method is prone for animal welfare violation. Microbiological risk regarding total plate and Enterobacteriaceae count in case of kosher compared with conventional meat is low.

Measures to Prevent and Combat Pear Scab (Venturia pirina) in the Climate Conditions of Lapusel

In this paper we studied the emergence and development of pear scab (Venturia pirina), as well as the combat methods, testing a couple of fungicides. The aim of the research has been to highlight the resistance, respectively the sensitivity of some pear varieties against the fungi attack, in order to make recommendations for the new plantations, as well as the testing of 7 fungicides, remarking the product with the highest biological effectiveness. The researches were conducted in the years 2013-2014 at the company SC Mecanochim Lapusel, Maramures County. The experiments were conducted on plots planted with the Olivier de Serres and Bergamotte Crassane varieties. The attack was calculated determining the attack frequency, intensity and degree. The linear-interrupted method was used, comprising 3 variants of 5 trees each. Analyzing the climate data, it has resulted that in 2013 scab had favourable development and attack conditions. The Olivier de Serres variety was noted for its resistance to fungus attack, with a frequency of 0.2-1.3% on fruits and insignificant frequency on leaves, for all 7 tested product variants. The Bergamotte Crassane variety was placed on the other end, with a higher frequency and intensity, both on fruits (2-3%) and on leaves (2.5-3.5%). The infections diminished in 2014 due to the unfavourable climatic conditions. Three products had better results, from the seven tested products, thus: Alcupral 50PU, Stroby DF and Chorus 50 WG.

Comparative Study on Different Types of Regression Applied to Unemployment in Maramures County of Romania

Abstract We are studying the economic phenomenon of the unemployment in Maramures County of Romania. To obtain plausible conclusions regarding this study we apply different types of regression: the linear regression, polynomial regression, spline and B-spline regression. In this paper we focus on the numerical side of the research and we compare the predicted values, the graphic representation of the evolution, the future predictions and the errors generated by the regressions mentioned above. The calculations are performed in R, a programming language for statistical computing. An implementation in R is given.

Hydrodynamic Modeling on Suciu River (Maramures County)

Abstract The GIS database containing the topographic and land use information was made in 2012, followed by field measurements surveys in 2013 and 2014. A number of 11 cross-sections were topographically apprised in the valley along the 11 km river reach. The geometric data requirements for the modeling software were prepared in ESRI’s ArcGIS™ 9.2 software using the HEC-GeoRAS extension. The steady flow data was edited in the HEC-RAS one-dimensional flow modeling software. Four scenarios were used for the river discharge, from normal to overflow. The results come in different forms, from tabular output, to stage hydrograph, to velocity distribution or 3D diagrams, all of which give a clear vision on the overflow high risk areas. The results were exported back to the GIS extension for additional spatial operations. Flow velocity maps were generated for each discharge scenario. Although the scenarios included very high discharge values, the flood impact on people assets is minimal. The reasons for this are the high slope of the riverbed and the proper placement in the floodplain, due mainly to the flood management works that took place after the 1970 flood.

Management of Stakeholders in Urban Regeneration Projects. Case Study: Baia-Mare, Transylvania

The process of regeneration of abandoned areas or deteriorated structures in the cities of Romania has become a strategy of urban-integrated development. Conversions and/or regeneration of facilities in the form of assets, with different destinations, are part of the new trend of urban regeneration and a strategy used to attract investment capital. The disappearance of mining industry sites in Maramures County, Romania, has allowed the expansion and planning of new spaces for public use and/or semipublic, and most cities have opened new development perspectives. The study is based on empirical research conducted on the brownfields of Baia-Mare City. This research investigates how stakeholders of an urban regeneration project can be more actively involved in the decision-making processes with regard to the strategic elements of the renewal project of Cuprom, as a former mining industry area. This research contributes to the development of the investigation of new types of knowledge of stakeholder analysis and improves the available practices for stakeholder salience. Social networks created and consolidated by stakeholders of an urban regeneration project are the object of analysis, evaluation, and monitoring of the equilibrium between project management and grant of resources and capital. This paper studies the salience of stakeholders of the SEPA-CUPROM project from Baia-Mare using the social networking approach. Visualization by graphical methods of social networking analysis is a useful instrument in the decision-making process of brownfield projects as part of sustainable strategies in Romania.

Testing Some Fungicides for the Combat of Potato Mildew in the Pedoclimatic Conditions in Seini Town

The aim of this survey was to set the biologic effectiveness of some homologated fungicides, in order to introduce them in the new programs of combating mildew in potato crops. The experimental surveys were carried out at the farm of SC Marmalus SRL of Seini, the Maramures County, during 2013 and 2014. The warning area method was used. The attack was calculated by determining the attack frequency, intensity and degree. In 2013, 8 varieties were tested against the mildew attack, as the Procura variant proved to be the most resistant, and Ostara the most sensible. In 2014, 14 fungicides were tested starting with the outbreaks of the alarm plot; then the appearance of mildew in natural conditions was taken into account. For testing, the sensible Ostara variety and the resistant Procura variety were used. The climatic conditions were favorable to the development of fungi, with high temperatures and atmospheric humidity. The best results were obtained for the Ridomil Gold Plus 42.5WG, for both varieties, with the effectiveness of 86.6% for the resistant variety, respectively, 85% for the sensitive variety. The worst results were obtained by the Dithane M45 product, with an effectiveness of 70.4% for Ostara, as for the Procura variant the Polyram DF product was used with an effectiveness of 73.7%. In the combating of Phythophtora infestans fungi, it is recommended to use with good results the product Ridomil Gold Plus 42.5WG, followed by the products Ridomil Gold X9Z86WG, Infinito 68.7 SC and Consento 450 SC.

Influence of the Grazing Conditions on the Floristic Diversity in the South Eastern part of the Gutai Mountains, the Maramures County

Phytosociological studies have been carried out to estimate species richness and species diversity in area where shepherding is an ancient custom. Our research has been conducted on the Gutai Mountains meadows, on an area of 130 hectares, aiming to monitor the diversity of plant species and the pastoral value of the grazing lands, used to feed the animals. Data processing was done based on botanical sampling, the pastoral value has been calculated, and the diversity has been estimated with the Shannon (H'). Thus, we have observed that after annual grazing, and lack of the pasture improvement measures, the floristic diversity suffers. Values Shannon index (H') are between 1.17 and 2.63, as the meadows is being invaded by low forage value species (eg. Nardus stricta ) that occupy a considerable area. The pastoral value of the pasture was also calculated, that was of 0.85 points; this low value being influenced by overgrazing, soil compaction, tendency of invasive plants with low nutritional value. The influence of uncontrolled grazing on mountain pasture results in a decrease in pasture productivity due to reduced diversity of grassy carpet, where acidophilus species have appeared, and weeds have invaded the grazing land area. It is well to remember that the long-term exerted anthropogenic pressure on grasslands affects the ecosystem diversity.

Influence of Agronomic Practices on Grassland of Agrostis capillaris L. – Festuca rubra L. from „Dealul Crucii” Meadow

Abstract. In Maramures County, meadows are used in a traditional system. They are dominate by Agrostis capillaris and Festuca rubra , with a mixed-use (grazing and mowing). The objectif of our paper is to identify and describe species composition and assessment response to agronomic factors of the Agrostis capillaris L. - Festuca rubra L. grassland type, from „Dealul Crucii” meadow. The grassland of Agrostis capillaris L . - Festuca rubra L . has a floristic composition comprised of Poaceae (45.85%), Cyperaceae and Juncaceae have a small presence and Fabaceae, valuable species in terms of fodder, have a percentage of 3.37%. Species from other botanical families occurred in a proportion of 41.34%. From constancy point of view, most species are accidental and only three of them are dominant. This type of grassland has a mesophilic, micro-mesothermal, euriionic character. From agronomic point of view, predominate species medium resistant of mowing and in terms of plant resistance to grazing, most of the species are sensitive to grazing environment and medium resistance to stepping. This is due to the improper agricultural practices and lack of pasture improvement works. The bonitation coefficients indicate that this is an medium category type of pasture with a pastoral value of 1.9 points and supports a load of 0.81 to 1.00 LU/ha.

PANČEVAČKE GODINE MIHALJA ROMANECA (1880–1899)

Mihalj Romanec je rođen u pokrajini Maramureš. Kao profesor mađarskog jezika i istorije književnosti, hrvatsko-srpskog jezika i istorije književnosti ali i istorije, između 1880. i 1899. godine skoro dve decenije je radio u pančevačkoj gimnaziji. On je pored školskih obaveza učestvovao i u organizovanju kulturnih dešavanja. U ovom gradu ispod Dunava – u doba kada se carska i kraljevska vojna krajina pretvara u građansko društvo – zadnje decenije XIX veka došlo je do stvaranja građanskih institucija. Intelektualci koji su izmešteni iz glavnog grada: Đerđ Tordai, direktor gimnazije i profesor geografije i istorije, Erne Finaci, filozof, profesor grčke i latinske filologije, Zakarijaš Vizolj, profesor nemačkog jezika i književnosti i latinskog jezika, Janoš Vigand, profesor mađarskog i nemačkog jezika i književnosti kao i Jožef Erdeš sveštenik reformacije i veroučitelj imali su zadatak da gradu koji su naseljavali Mađari, Nemci i Srbi daju građanska obeležja. Delikatna, ponekad i nemoguća misija bilo je uvođenje institucije mađarske administracije. Rezultati su se mogli postići jedino poistovećivanjem sa duhom tog kraja. Mihalj Romanec je za svoje učenike napisao udžbenik za učenje srpskog jezika, prevodio je srpske junačke pesme i istorijske radove da bi probudio interesovanje za zajedničkim vrednostima kultura koje već stotinama godina žive zajedno. Kao srednjoškolskom profesoru, zadatak mu je bila nastava mađarskog jezika i književnosti, ali je primerima iz prošlosti mladom naraštaju pokazao humanističke mogućnosti duhovnog razvoja na prekretnici vekova.

Sustainable Development in Maramures County

We argue that a new type of adaptive change management is needed in Romania, in which social and territorial cohesion are key elements of governance, in accordance with sustainable development requirements. Based on critical analysis and comparative study, the paper investigates, using several approaches, the possibility to select those elements that enable determining a viable managerial sustainable development “model” for communities in Maramures County, Romania. New trends worldwide, and the multidimensional aspects of sustainable development of communities, were the subject of examination, through a regional polycentric approach, which led to a new model proposed by the authors. The result is a conceptual integrated model which promotes a balance of interaction between systems—economic, human, environmental and technological—in a dynamic, flexible and functional process.

Microbial Risk Assessement of the Contamination Level of Bovine Carcasses Slaughtered in an Abattoir in Maramureş County

Cattle carcasses may be contaminated during the flow diagram process with a wide variety of spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms with diffrent origin, from various sources (soil, water, tools, knives, feces, operators), but only few of them will be able to develop in the new ecosystem conditions, and from these only a small proportion will eventually start the spoilage processes. Taking into account the above mentioned we aimed to perform a microbiological risk evaluation focusing on the aerobic plate count (APC), E. coli count, Enterobacteriacea count and the identification of Salmonella spp . The research material was represented by 60 surface samples of refrigerated beef, collected during January-December 2013, in a slaughterhouse in Maramures County. In order to evaluate the contamination level of the carcasses we used the following standardized methods: SR ISO 4831/2003 for aerobic plate count, SR ISO 21528-2/2007 for Enterobacteriaceae count, SR ISO16649-2/2007 for Echerichia coli and SR ISO 6579/AC/2006 for Salmonella spp. identification. The statistical data obtained concerning the slaughtering process revealed that the total microbial load was between 2.5-5.67 log cfu/cm 2 . These elevated values indicate non-compliance regarding the good hygiene practices and good manufacturing during the technological flow. Fom the total collected samples analized, the germs belonging to Enterobacteriaceae family, exceeded the maximum admitted level in 10.8%, respectively E. coli presented values between 0.5-1.9 log cfu/cm 2 . All the sample were negative for S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium .

The Assessement of the Compositional and Microbiological Parameters of some Meat Products Manufactured in a Small Processing Unit

The hygienic quality of meat products can be substantially improved by respecting strictly the rules of Good Hygienic Practice (GHP) and the rules of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) along the entire food chain.The aim of this study was to evaluate the compositional and hygienic parameters of meat and meat products processed in a small scale processing unit, and to assess the microbial risk represented by the total plate count, E. coli and Salmonella spp. The research materials were collected from a small scale meat processing unit located in Maramures County during January-Mai 2014, 15 samples from each of the following types of products: fresh pork meat, smoked salami, cold smoked sausages, raw dry smoked specialities. In order to assess the quality of meat products, all the samples were processed through standardized protocols. Also, the results were statistically analysed using ANOVA monofactorial analysis. Some compositional parameters are accordence with the standards (salt, nitrates and total ammonia content). For the previously mentioned category of products the following compositional parameters were not in accordence with the maximum and minimum limits of the standards: proteins, fatness and humidity. The microbial load ranged between 3.56± 0.32 and 5.85 ± 0.22 log cfu/cm 2 , 20% of samples presented elevated values according with EU standards. The main nonconformities identified regarding compositional parameters in case of smoked salami were the lower values for protein content and the higher values in case of fat. Regarding the fresh sausages nonconformities they were represented mainly by the increased moisture and fat content. In case of raw meat products, the identified nonconformities were represented by the low protein and high fat and moisture content. The microbiological risk parameters were represented by total bacterial load, E. coli and Salmonella was low in all meat products except for fresh raw meat, because total bacterial load exceeds the maximum limits.

Research on the surface water quality in mining influenced area in north-western part of Romania

The paper highlights the current situation of the quality of surface water in the areas influenced by mining activities in the north-western part of Romania. In this respect a series of investigations have been conducted regarding the contamination with heavy metals of the water of the Someş and Tisa hydro- graphic Basins, which cover the northern part of Maramures County and the south-western area of Maramures County, respectively. The results of the comparative research refer to the period between 1999 and 2011 and reveal the specific heavy metal ions of mining activity: Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb Cd and Ni, as well as the water pH. The presented values as annual average values reveal an increase in several heavy metals after the closure of mines, which is due to the lack of effectiveness of the closure and of the conservation of the mine galleries, as well as of the impaired functioning of the mining wastewater treatment plants.

Atmospheric Deposition of Copper and Zinc in Maramures County (Romania)

Abstract The need to reduce pollution to levels that minimize adverse effects on human health involve the monitoring of air quality, including dry depositions and their metal content. The analysis of these parameters aims to investigate the air quality in Maramures County (with nonferrous mining activities) and in the Romanian - Ukraine transboundary area. The paper presents the experimental results obtained for dry atmospheric deposition of copper and zinc using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The samples were collected from four location/cities of Maramures County (Baia Mare, Sighetu Marmatiei, Viseu de Sus and Borsa) during May-October 2014. The highest average values of copper concentration in the dry depositions were found in Baia Mare (199.88 μg/g), that is the most important industrial centre in Maramures County, followed by Borsa (111.49 μg/g), that used to be a nonferrous mining centre. In Viseu de Sus and Sighetu Marmatiei the average concentrations of copper in the dry depositions were lower: 75.63 μg/g and 64.26 μg/g, respectively. Zn average concentrations in dry depositions were 6.4-12 times higher than Cu concentrations. In Viseu de Sus and Borsa relative high values of Pearson correlation coefficients between the logarithm of Cu and Zn content in the dry deposition were found (0.702 and 0.737, respectively) estimating that both pollutants in the ambient air have the same sources, probably the re-suspension of the dust from the tailing ponds. This study is implemented within the frame of ENPI Cross-border Cooperation Programme Hungary-Slovakia-Romania-Ukraine 2007-2013, in the project Clean Air Management in the Romania-Ukraine Transboundary Area - (CLAMROUA), financed by the European Union

The Effect of Grazing on the Production of Grasslands in Hilly Areas

The fodder production and the exploitation of pastures by grazing is an important activity in the livestock economy of the hilly regions of the Maramures County. Thus, the surfaces of the areas of the Surdesti village are alternatively used both by grazing and mowing, depending on the feed requirements. The production monitoring, following this mixed use by mowing and grazing is performed in order to observe the efficiency of this type of grazing. In the hilly areas near the settlements, grasslands are grazed during spring and autumn, as during summertime when the transhumance of livestock towards the mountain areas takes place the pastures are mowed for obtaining the feeding hay required in the winter. The global production is 13.10 (t/ha) on the surveyed pasture, resulting the coefficient of utilization of grass K = 87.6%. The pastoral mean value of the meadow is 1.9, and it is sustaining a load of 0.81 to 1.00 LU/ha, equivalent to 5.7 to 7.1 sheep/ha. The analyzed lawn is of medium category which requires proper maintenance to increase its economic value. Thus, lack of basic maintenance works will lead to long-term unfavourable effects of the sheep and goat farms. Sustainable use of grasslands will be possible by practicing an organized grazing.

The impact of contamination with fungi and mycotoxins on the feed quality in a beef farm from Maramures county.

The quality of feedstuffs is affected by moisture degradation, maturity, contamination with different seeds, plants and substances. Zearalenone is produced by a number of fungi from Fusarium genus in presence of moisture and at low temperature (10-15 o C). The quality of feedstuffs was investigated using the organoleptic, chemical and cultivation technique. The contamination with zearalenone was also determined. The ration used in the farm were analyzed using computer specific software. The study was conducted in a beef cattle farm from Maramures County. A number of fodders samples were collected, representing all the feedstuffs used as components or as mixtures in the farm. Organoleptic examination was carried out and crude chemical composition by Weende methodology was performed. The mycological examination was done to all samples and zearalenone was determined. The quantitative identification of zearalenone from samples was performed by means of competitive immunoenzymatic test. The results indicated a good quality of feedstuffs by meens of organoleptic and crude chemical composition investigations, excepting the Alfalfa hay. The mycological examination reveled the presence of Penicillium and Fusarium genus. Zearalenone was detected in all analysed samples with values between 12,08-586,88 µg/kg, one sample exceding the maximal level established in European Union. Computer ration analyse measured an increased value on nutrients exceding the requirements for all the animal categories. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE