Beverage Manufacturing Research Articles

How management accounting practices integrate with big data analytics and its impact on corporate sustainability

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the relationships between big data analytics, management accounting practices and corporate sustainability and, more precisely, the impact of the integration between big data analytics and management accounting on corporate sustainability performance development.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative case study approach is used in this study with multiple collecting data tools as in-depth interviews and observations, in addition to the content analysis used of the annual reports for the year 2021, of Almarai manufacturing corporate (one of the leaders of food and beverage manufacturing corporates in Saudi Arabia and other countries).FindingsResearch findings provide good insights about the significant impact of the effective integration between big data analytics and management accounting on corporate sustainability performance development, big data can assist management accounting to form corporate value-added strategies and activities.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is limitedly applied to one manufacturing corporate as a study case; therefore, the findings cannot be generalized. Thus, future research can examine the association between the current study variables with wide-scale applications and with different approaches and in different contexts to enrich the findings. Moreover, future research may focus on the integration between big data analytics and management accounting reports in the meta-verse environment to explore the benefits that corporates could gain from the features and capabilities of meta-verse technology.Originality/valueThere is a research gap regarding the impact of the integration between big data analytics and management accounting practices on corporate sustainability development, as most of the previous studies focused on two variables only of the current study variables; therefore, this study tries to investigate and give important insights about it.

Intangible Resources and Organizational Performance of Food and Beverage Manufacturing Companies in Nairobi County, Kenya

Purpose: This study examined the influence of intangible resources on performance in the food and beverage manufacturing firms in Nairobi County. The study further sought to examine the relationship between company reputation, organizational structure, human capital, innovation capabilities and performance among food and beverage manufacturing industry in Nairobi County.
 Methodology: A descriptive survey research design was adopted in the study. The target population included 45 Large-Scale food and Beverage Manufacturing Companies in Nairobi County, Kenya. The unit of analysis was the food and beverage manufacturing company whereas the unit of observation was the managers of the companies. Census sampling method was used in selecting all the respondents to participate in the study. Questionnaires was used for collecting data. A pilot study was done to determine the questionnaires' validity and reliability. The collected data was analyzed quantitatively using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Statistical Package for Social Sciences was used to summarize the descriptive data into frequencies and percentages, which were then displayed using figures, tables, and charts. Multiple regression analysis was used to examine the inferential statistics. The inferential analysis assisted in establishing the relationship between the study variables, as well as in drawing findings and making recommendations for the study.
 Findings: The study found that the components of intangible resources account for 44.7% of the variation in the performance of enterprises in the food and beverage industry. Additionally, company reputation, Human capital, and innovation capabilities had a positive and significant influence on the performance of food and beverage companies. Organizational structure and Performance of Food and Beverage Companies was positive but insignificantly related.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Resource Based View Theory, The Global Most Admired Companies (Fortune GMAC) Model, Theory of Human Capital, Mintzberg’s Five Structures Model and Schumpeter’s Theory of Innovation may be used to anchor future studies in the manufacturing companies. The study recommends that management should make more investment in adopting technology and improving their production processes. Additionally, the management should focus on building the capacity of their staff members through regular and consistent training. The organizational policy may also be reviewed so as to include structures that support the overall training and development of the staff members in the company. Besides training, the policies should also be draft to provide clear ways in which the companies can be able to build and communicate their brand to consumers so as to have a better reputation which as observed in the analysis contributes significantly to the improved performance of the food and beverage companies.

Effect of Earning Variables on Stock Returns of Foods and Beverage Manufacturing Firms in Nigeria (A Case Study of UAC Plc 2012--2021)

The study examined the effect of earning variables on stock returns of foods and beverage manufacturing firms in Nigeria with reference to UAC plc (2012-2021). The study specifically examined the effect of profit for the year on dividend yield of food and beverage companies in Nigeria, the effect of return on assets on dividend yield of food and beverage companies in Nigeria and also the effect of return on equity on dividend yield of food and beverage companies in Nigeria. Three research questions and hypotheses were formulated in line with the stated objectives. The study made use of expose facto research design, data for the study were sourced through annual reports and accounts of UAC Plc. data collected were analysed using multiple regression, result of the analysis shows that Profit for the year has positive and significant effect on dividend yield food and beverage companies in Nigeria. It was also observed that return on asset have significant effect on dividend yield food and beverage companies in Nigeria. The study further revealed that return on equity have significant effect on dividend yield food and beverage companies in Nigeria. Based on the findings, the study recommended among others that an optional stock return payout should be determined with the firm’s investment opportunities and any preference that investors have for dividend as opposed to capital gain. If considerable attention is not given to this issue, the shareholders might become frustrated and consequently lead to mass disposal of their stocks. Such a situation often leads to a downward trend in the price of stocks. The study concluded that the theory of valuation of income streams has a central and honoured place in the finance doctrine

Green Procurement and Performance of Food and Beverage Manufacturing Firms in Kenya

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between green procurement and the performance of food and beverage manufacturing firms in Kenya.
 Methodology: An explanatory research design was employed in the study. All 172 of Kenya's registered food and manufacturing businesses were considered using the census approach. Using questionnaires, primary data was gathered. This study employed 172 questionnaires. Version 25 of the SPSS statistical program was used to analyze the data. The primary data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical analysis techniques. Descriptive statistics gives the profile of the respondents, that is, the frequencies and their percentages; whereas inferential statistics adopts a hierarchical, moderated, multiple regression analysis model in order to determine the effect of the explanatory variable.
 Findings: The study found that there is a correlation of 0.701 between green procurement and the success of Kenyan food and beverage manufacturing companies. Green procurement accounted for 48.7% of the variation in the performance of food and beverage manufacturing firms in Kenya.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Strategic Choice theory was adopted and validated. By incorporating stakeholders, assessing policy choices, making educated judgments, aligning with capacities, adjusting to changes, minimizing risks, and encouraging cooperation for sustainable procurement practises, Strategic Choice Theory could assist Kenya in developing a complete green procurement policy. The study found that implementing green procurement would; conserve the environment, reduce unnecessary costs to a firm, improve customer satisfaction, improve firm reputation, increase product acceptance, and increase the sales volume.

Pengaruh Intellectual Capital Disclosure, Keputusan Investasi, Struktur Modal, dan Kebijakan Dividen terhadap Nilai Perusahaan

The purpose of this research is to see the effect of Intellectual Capital Disclosure, Investment Decisions, Capital Structure, and Dividend Policy on Firm Value. The population in this study are food and beverage manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2018-2020 period. This study used a purposive sampling method and obtained 17 sample companies. This study uses multiple linear regression analysis method which is processed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 26 application. The results of this study indicate that disclosure of intellectual capital has no effect on firm value. investment decisions have a positive effect on firm value. Capital structure has a negative effect on firm value. Dividend policy has a positive effect on firm value.

Road Transport Infrastructure and Supply Chain Performance in the Beverage Manufacturing Setting: Does Road Safety Compliance Matter?

Purpose: Despite the growth of literature on SC performance drivers, there is still limited attention on how road transport infrastructure may drive SC performance. This study is conducted to examine the mediating role of road safety compliance in the relationship between road transport infrastructure and SC performance among manufacturing firms in emerging economies. Design/methodology/approach: Drawing from the system and knowledge-based view perspectives, a framework was proposed and validated using survey data from the beverage manufacturing firms in Ghana. Data were gathered from 359 managers of firms in Ghana. The model was validated by PLS-SEM. Findings: The results showed a direct significant relationship between road transport infrastructure, road safety compliance, and SCP. The findings further revealed that the influence of road transport infrastructure on SCP is not just a bivariate relationship but also mediated through road safety compliance. The outcome of this study provides evidence that though road transport infrastructure remains crucial to driving SCP, superior SCP could be achieved in the presence of road safety compliance. Originality/value: The outcome of this study offers an important extension to the frontiers of literature on supply chain performance. It also provides practical insight to practitioners in the manufacturing setting by emphasizing the need to pay crucial attention to road safety compliance as well as invest in road infrastructure development in the quest to achieve efficient SC performance of firms.

Industry 4.0 Technological Advancement in the Food and Beverage Manufacturing Industry in South Africa—Bibliometric Analysis via Natural Language Processing

The food and beverage (FOODBEV) manufacturing industry is a significant contributor to global economic development, but it is also subject to major global competition. Manufacturing technology evolution is rapid and, with the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), ever accelerating. Thus, the ability of companies to review and identify appropriate, beneficial technologies and forecast the skills required is a challenge. 4IR technologies, as a collection of tools to assist technological advancement in the manufacturing sector, are essential. The vast and diverse global technology knowledge base, together with the complexities associated with screening in technologies and the lack of appropriate enablement skills, makes technology selection and implementation a challenge. This challenge is premised on the knowledge that there are vast amounts of information available on various research databases and web search engines; however, the extraction of specific and relevant information is time-intensive. Whilst existing techniques such as conventional bibliometric analysis are available, there is a need for dynamic approaches that optimise the ability to acquire the relevant information or knowledge within a short period with minimum effort. This research study adopts smart knowledge management together with artificial intelligence (AI) for knowledge extraction, classification, and adoption. This research defines 18 FOODBEV manufacturing processes and adopts a two-tier Natural Language Processing (NLP) protocol to identify technological substitution for process optimisation and the associated skills required in the FOODBEV manufacturing sector in South Africa.

Study of Different Types of Fermentation in Wine-Making Process and Considering Aromatic Substances and Organic Acid.

Fermentation is being utilized since ages as a safe process for food preservation. Fermentation in winemaking is the process which converts grapes juice into wine. Alcoholic fermentation is the principle for the manufacturing of alcoholic beverages like wine and beer. Several by-products are produced by the alcoholic fermentation of organic carbon sources by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The secondary bacterial fermentation is malolactic fermentation which is carried out in most red and some kinds of white wines. Malolactic fermentation causes acid reduction, flavor modification, and also is accountable for microbial stability. The present searching was carried out by the keywords in major indexing systems including PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Institute for Scientific Web of Science and the search engine of Google Scholar. The keywords were alcoholic fermentation, malolactic fermentation, bottle fermentation, carbonic maceration, Saccharomyces, Lactobacillus, Oenococcus oeni, aromatic substances, flavour quality, terpenes, esters, lactones, aldehydes, organic acid, pyrazines, mercaptans, and traditional fermented food. This review was done to highlight the significance, and introduce different kinds of fermentations carried out in wine-making process, specially alcoholic and malolactic fermentation, survey on aromatic substances, flavour quality, and organic acids, and introduce the most notable traditional fermented food in China.

Pengaruh Likuditas Dan Ukuran Perusahaan Terhadap Return Saham Perusahaan Food And Beverage Yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2020-2022

The positive development of companies in the food and beverage manufacturing sub-sector is a good thing to attract investors to invest. Generally, investors look at financial performance before making a decision. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of liquidity and company size on stock returns of food and beverage companies listed on IDX during 2020-2022. The research method used in this study is the quantitative method of multiple regression analysis. The selected population is food and beverage companies listed on IDX for 2020-2022, while using purposeful sampling to determine the sample, the criteria is the industry of food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange and audited financial reports 2020-2022 . The main source of data for this study is secondary data collected from financial reports. Using linear regression analysis, it is demonstrated that liquidity and company size have no effect on the stock returns of IDX-listed food and beverage companies in 2020-2022. Researchers advise investors to look for other metrics that can describe stock returns.

Design, Implementation, and Evaluation of an Automated Liquid Dispensing Machine

The metering of industrial manufacturing liquids is constantly being updated. Using an automated system, metered dispense can now be more accurate to its theoretical value. This system can help reduce the difference between theoretical and metered volumes in manufacturing applications. This paper describes an automated liquid dispensing machine that uses an AT Mega 328 microcontroller to control the metered volume to the programme set point. The machine's design and implementation include hardware systems assembled from various modules with various functions, such as a microcomputer, power supply, liquid level detection, liquid discharge, conveyor and container detection, and LCD modules. The data collected by the liquid level detection module is analyzed when the system is started to determine the liquid level in the tank. A user loads empty containers onto the conveyor, which are then transferred to the discharge point. The machine calculates the equivalent time in seconds to open the discharge solenoid valve via its control relay and dispenses the desired volume based on the user set point. The experiment performed on the machine with water as the test liquid revealed that the automated dispensing machine's maximum time permissible is 35 s, which corresponds to an equivalent volume of approximately 700 mL of water. Experiments were conducted to compare the theoretical time required to obtain a specified volume to the time required for the machine to dispense the same volume. The results showed that the machine's accuracy is approximately 97.87 %. Therefore, the machine can be used in beverage manufacturing companies, pharmaceutical industries, and laboratories to dispense and fill specified fluids that meet the machine's specifications.

Impact of conflict delisting and relisting on remaining products in retail stores: Sales gains across products categories and spillovers to nearby stores

Disputes between retailers and manufacturers often result in the retailer delisting the manufacturer's products, which dramatically alters competition in the retail market. When rival products are temporarily delisted, the products remaining on retail shelves are expected to gain sales due to substitution. However, it is unclear how much sales gain of remaining products can be expected, how long the sales gain persists after the rival products are relisted, whether the sales gain varies in different product categories, and whether the sales gain spills over from the delisting retailer to nearby retailers. In this research, we exploit a natural experiment enabled by a dispute between a retail chain and a beverage manufacturer that resulted in a 4‐week delisting of all products by the manufacturer (the delisted manufacturer) across all of the retailer's U.S. stores. We focus on a manufacturer (the focal manufacturer) that directly competes with the delisted manufacturer and quantify the sales gain for this focal manufacturer during the delisting and after the relisting event. Interestingly, in a near‐duopoly market, the focal manufacturer only gained 12.2% of sales during the delisting. After the dispute was settled and competition restored, the focal manufacturer's sales fluctuated for about 2 months before returning to the pre‐delisting level. Additionally, we find a spillover in sales gain to nearby stores during the delisting, which was mainly to small‐box retail stores rather than big‐box stores. Moreover, at both delisting and nearby stores, we find the focal manufacturer's sugar‐sweetened, caffeinated, and star products gained sales during the event while other products did not. We check the robustness of our results with a machine learning nonparametric method, among a few other alternative methods, to measure the average treatment effects. Understanding the size and duration of these heterogeneous effects can help manufacturers and retailers better respond to changes in market competition and evaluate their delisting decisions.

PENGARUH PROFITABILITAS, STRUKTUR MODAL, DAN UKURAN PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN

This study aims to examine the effect of profitability, capital structure, and firm size on the value of food and beverage manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2018-2021 period. The method of determining the sample used is purposive sampling. By using several predetermined criteria, this study used 29 food and beverage sub-sector manufacturing companies. The data analysis technique used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis. The results in this study indicate that: 1) profitability has a positive effect on firm value, 2) capital structure has no effect on firm value, 3) firm size has no effect on firm value.

Bangladeş'teki İmalat Sanayilerinde Teknik Verimlilik: DEA Parametrik Olmayan Analiz

This study's aim is to evaluate the technical efficiency of Bangladesh's manufacturing industry. We utilized DEA analysis with selected three distinct DEA models: CCR, BCC, and the slack-based model. In this study, the number of firms, labour, salary/wages, industrial and non-industrial cost are considered as inputs variables, and the gross output value is set as the output variable. Our analysis found that Common efficient industries are the Manufacture of beverages, Manufacture of tobacco, readymade garments, rubber and plastic, transport equipment, Recycling, non-metallic mineral products, machinery and equipment, motor vehicles & trailers and Repairs of machine & equipment. By using three DEA model explored that, in most circumstances manufacture of beverages, tobacco products, of Readymade garments industries remain among topmost performers in positions of proficiency achievement. This research suggests that those industries have made significant efficiency improvements, and they have also gained the ability to continue competing in the global marketplace.

The Impact of Return on Assets, Debt Equity Ratio, and Return on Equity on Stock Prices of Food and Beverage Manufacturing Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2019 to 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze the influence of Return on Assets (ROA), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), and Return on Equity (ROE) on stock prices in food and beverage sector manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. In conducting the analysis, there are various types of ratios with different functions that can be used. Of the numerous ratios, the financial ratios used in this study are ROA, DER, and ROE as independent variables, and the Stock Price as the dependent variable. The sample collection technique in this study used a purposive sampling technique with 30 companies selected as samples from a population of 54 food and beverage sector industries for the 2019-2021 period, which are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The method in this study uses a quantitative approach and the data source in this study uses secondary data sources that include documentation studies. This method is used to gather data from companies related to the variables under study. In testing the hypothesis, this study uses Multiple Linear Regression Analysis. From the hypothesis testing in the study, it was found that, simultaneously, ROA, DER, and ROE, which are the independent variables, influence the Stock Price of food and beverage manufacturing companies listed on IDX for the 2019-2021 period, which is the dependent variable. In addition, the results of partial hypothesis testing in this study found that, partially, ROA, DER, and ROE do not affect the Stock Price of manufacturing companies listed on the IDX for the 2019-2021 period.

The Effect of Financial Performance, Leverage and Company Size on Company Value in the Food and Beverage Manufacturing Sector

This study's objective is to empirically establish whether financial performance, leverage, and firm size have a partial or simultaneous impact on firm value for the Food and Beverage Manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange between 2018 and 2020. Financial success as determined by ROA, leverage as determined by DER, and company size as determined by Size—as well as one dependent variable—firm value as measured by PBV—make up this study. There are 23 companies in this study that fit the requirements and have a combined revenue of 69 financial statements in Between 2018 and 2020, businesses in the food and beverage industry listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). According to the research, a firm's financial performance increases its value. In light of the fact that the Leverage variable has an impact on company value, firm size positively affects the worth of the company. Based on the study's findings, it can be said that financial performance, leverage, and firm size all affect corporate value simultaneously food and beverage sector in 2018-2020

Pengaruh Perputaran Kas dan Perputaran Persedian terhadap Profitabilitas Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di BEI

This study aims to analyze the effect of cash turnover and inventory turnover on the level of profitability of food and beverage manufacturing companies listed on the IDX in 2019-2022. This research method uses a quantitative approach using company financial data during the specified research period. With the purposive sampling technique, the number of samples in this study was obtained as many as 31 companies. Data analysis techniques include descriptive statistical tests, classical assumption tests, multiple regression tests, hypothesis tests consisting of partial tests (t test) and simultaneous tests (F test), test the coefficient of determination. The data were processed using the SPSS version 22 program. The results showed that partially, cash turnover (CTR) had a positive and significant effect on company profitability. Then, inventory turnover (ITO) has a positive and significant effect on company profitability. Furthermore, simultaneously, both CTR and ITO have had a positive and significant effect on the profitability of food and beverage manufacturing companies listed on the IDX in 2019-2022. The practical implication of this research is that company management can use the findings of this research to optimize the management of their cash flow and inventory turnover, so as to increase the company's profitability.

The Influence of Fourth Party Logistics Services on Performance of Manufactuirng Sector in Kenya: A Study in Food and Beverage Manufacturing Firms

The aim of this study was to establish the relationship between fourth party logistics services and performance of food and beverage manufacturing companies in Kenya. This research study adopted a descriptive and cross-sectional research designs. Data was collected from the food and beverage manufacturing firms using self-administered questionnaires. The data collected was analyzed by use of descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings from the study revealed that freight management, logistics information systems management, customer relations management and product Packaging had a significant influence on the performance of food and beverage processing firms. The study concluded that fourth party logistics through freight management, logistics information system, customer relations management and product Packaging were critical in enhancing the performance of food and beverage processing firms in Kenya. The study recommends that the management of food and beverage processing firms ought to embrace fourth party logistics services by having a freight management framework, enhancing use of logistics information systems, bringing customers on board and embracing effective and innovative ways of Packaging the products in order to gain performance.

The Influence Of Profitability, Liquidity, Solvency, Activities, And Company Size On Company Value (Empirical Study of Food and Beverage Manufacturing Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019-2021)

This study aims to determine the effect of profitability, liquidity, solvency, activity and firm size on firm value. The population in this study are food and beverage sub-sector manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesian stock exchange in 2019-2021. While the samples obtained were 28 companies. The technique of determining the sample using a purposive sampling technique, the research method is a quantitative method. This study uses the Package For Social Science Statistical Software (SPSS 22). The results showed that profitability had no effect on firm value with a significance value of 0.229> 0.05, solvency had no effect on firm value with a significance value of 0.0.243> 0.05, liquidity had no effect on firm value with a significance value of 0.525 > 0.05, activity has an influence on firm value with a significance value of 0.034 <0.05, and firm size has no effect on firm value with a significant value of 0.081 > 0.05, while simultaneously the independent variables affect the dependent variable with significant value 0.040 <0.05.

Capability evaluation of real-time inline COD detection technique for dynamic water footprint management in the beverage manufacturing industry

This paper reports the development of a real-time inline Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) detection technique in a beverage manufacturing plant in England and the evaluation of its capability for dynamic Water Footprint (WF) management. The inline technique employed Ultraviolet–Visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopy and Moving Window Partial Least Squares (mwPLS), which was then applied to calculating Grey WF for the production activities in the plant, referred to here as WFrt. A traditional offline COD measurement method was also utilised for the Grey WF calculation, to act as the reference method, referred to here as WFtrad. In a method-comparison study (Bland-Altman Plot), the results showed that WFrt detected the order of magnitude variation of WFtrad, and WFtrad was on average between 0.897 and 1.243 times WFrt with no systematic bias. This indicates that WFrt may be used for both short-time frame (minutes to hours) WF monitoring and long-term (weeks to months) analysis of trends and the effect of WF optimisation strategies.

The Effect of Ecopreneurship on Organisational Performance as Moderated by Firm Size among Selected Foods and Beverages Manufacturing Firms in Lagos State and Ogun State, Nigeria

The efficiency and effectiveness of management in Food and Beverage Manufacturing Firms (FBMF) can be gauged by their organizational performance. Studies have shown that manufacturing activities in Nigeria have resulted in significant negative environmental consequences, such as degradation of natural environments, depletion of ozone layers, and the release of harmful substances. These outcomes have had a detrimental impact on the performance of Food and Beverage Manufacturing Firms, leading to reduced profitability, declining market share, low productivity, and sluggish sales growth. These outcomes suggest a lack of adequate implementation of ecopreneurship practices, including environmental expenditure, corporate environmental responsibility, non-adherence to environmental regulations, eco-innovation, and pro-environmental orientation. Furthermore, based on the reviewed extant literature, it was found that, prior literature gave little consideration to the moderating role of firm size on ecopreneurship and organisational performance nexus. Therefore, this study examined the effects of ecopreneurship on organisational performance of FBMF moderated by the firm size. This study adopted a quantitative approach. Using a survey research design, data were collected from a sample of 415 employees of 10 selected FBMF in Lagos and Ogun States, Nigeria. The respondents were selected using Simple random sampling technique. Hierarchical Multiple Linear Regression Analysis (HMLR) was used to test the hypotheses. The findings revealed that, at 0.05 significance level, ecopreneurship had significant effect on organizational performance of selected food and beverage manufacturing firms in Lagos and Ogun States, Nigeria (Adj.R2 = 0.86, F(5, 364) = 459.20, p < 0.05). And the effect of ecopreneurship on organisational performance was not significantly moderated by firm size (β = -0.00, ∆R 2 = 0.00, ∆F = 1.38, p > 0.05). By implication, the findings of this study emphasize the importance of ecopreneurship across all sizes of FBMF. Implementing ecopreneurship practices not only drives performance but also enhances sustainability efforts and provides a competitive advantage in the market. Based on the findings, it was recommended that management of selected FBMF in Lagos and Ogun States should continuously work on policies that can enhance their capacity to adopt environmentally friendly manufacturing processes, audit their existing ecopreneurship environment, identify vulnerable areas, and implement best practices.