Manor House Research Articles

TRISDEŠIMTOJI NACIONALINĖ MOKSLINĖ-PRAKTINĖ KONFERENCIJA „GAMTAMOKSLINIS UGDYMAS BENDROJO UGDYMO MOKYKLOJE – 2024“: KONFERENCIJOS APŽVALGA

2024 is a truly special year. This is the year of the Jubilee Scientific and Practical Conference "Natural Science Education in a Comprehensive School - 2024". And this was the thirtieth conference. Throughout this time, science, engineering and technology have developed at a significant and rapid pace. The theory and practice of science education has undoubtedly evolved, including the strategies and practices of science education. The importance of science and technology education is unquestioned, but its orientation towards competences, with an emphasis on learning through science and the linking/integration of science with other subjects, remains. The 30th Conference continued an already established practice. The conference took place over two days. The two-day conference focused on science and technology education, which has recently become a priority in society and is likely to remain so in the future. The 30th Conference started on 25 April. On the eve of the Conference, an informal round table discussion on "Education issues" was organised. The importance of the cultural programme should also be mentioned. On the first day, at the end of the conference, participants had the opportunity to get to know Plunge better. The most important places of the city were visited. The staff of the Plunge Tourism Information Centre organised a sightseeing tour of Plunge. The city centre, the central square and the church were visited. Participants had a unique opportunity to walk around the Plunge Smart Park and to visit the Plunge Manor House, or Mykolas Oginskis Palace, one of the most beautiful monuments of 19th-century Lithuanian architecture. The plenary session of the conference provided a retrospective of all the conferences. Thirty years of really great organisational, managerial, publishing and other work. A total of 30 conference proceedings were published. It is estimated that a total of 677 papers were published, with a total page count of 4787. If all the pages were put together, it would be a single publication 281 mm thick. This is a really big work, a really good repository of scientific and didactic-methodological research and work. The work of this 30th conference has been recorded and is freely available on our YouTube channel (https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLoZNO1c3zi72-RxbETp4AmMQ8Lz2C-QPC). Most conference reports were presented in the form of articles and published in the conference proceedings. One can find full texts in the database at: https://oaji.net/journal-archive-stats.html?number=1984&year=2023&issue=20002 Keywords: national conference, practical work, science education, science teachers, science pedagogy

ASSESSMENT AND PROTECTION OF THE CULTURAL RESOURCES OF THE NADWIEPRZAŃSKI LANDSCAPE PARK

A landscape park is one of the legal forms of nature protection in Poland. It is a protected area due to its natural, historical, cultural and landscape values for preserving and popularising. The Nadwieprzański Landscape Park is located in southeastern Poland, on the middle section of the Wieprz River. The Park was established in 1990 and covers an area of over 6,000ha. The research aimed to identify resources, recognise threats and develop guidelines for protecting the cultural heritage elements of the Nadwieprzański Landscape Park. In the Park, there are monuments from various historical periods, e.g., former fortified settlements, castles, palaces and manor houses, churches, synagogues, war and religious cemeteries, granges, distilleries, mills, railway stations and small objects of sacral architecture, i.e., crosses and roadside shrines. In addition to immovable monuments, an essential part of the region’s intangible cultural heritage is a tradition in the form of holiday customs and rituals, legends and traditional crafts. It is impossible not to mention people associated with the region, their knowledge of this subject and the need to document oral traditions. Protection and preservation of heritage for future generations and rational use of environmental resources significantly affect the constant and sustainable economic development and may improve the standard of living of the local population. Unfortunately, many changes occurred within the Park due to various reasons. These are both natural causes, resulting from the destructive impact of environmental and material changes resulting from the passage of time and reasons related mainly to the lack of proper supervision of the facilities by the legal user, e.g., historic palaces and park complexes. In summary, objectives of the so-called passive, i.e., formal and legal ones and goals of the nature of active – conservation activities and the nature of activities restoring the lost cultural values of the region’s cultural heritage.

The Parthian Manor House of Sarab-e Murt in the Context of the Iranian Architectural Tradition

The Parthian Manor House of Sarab-e Murt in the Context of the Iranian Architectural Tradition

Paradoks Kasztanki. Fantazmatyczne eksponaty w domach-muzeach

This article deals with exhibitions in house-museums. The author focuses on a phenomenon peculiar to such establishments: the ambiguous authenticity of the objects on display. The primary example is the hoof of Kasztanka exhibited in the manor house “Milusin” belonging to the complex of the Józef Piłsudski Museum in Sulejówek. Within the logic of the exhibition, the hoof is simultaneously both authentic and not. To explain this phenomenon, the author uses Tom Selwyn’s theory, especially his anthropological analysis of the category of authenticity. The second part of the article relates this issue to the controversy surrounding the striped uniform from the museum commemorating Maximilian Maria Kolbe. Key-words: phantasmal exhibits, house-museum, biographical museum, authenticity

A Reappraisal of the Twelfth-Century Building at Burton Agnes, East Yorkshire

The twelfth-century building at Burton Agnes known as the ‘Manor House’ is reconsidered. Previously identified as a hall, the new survey suggests that the upper room was a grand chamber of unusually large dimensions. It was connected to an adjoining inner chamber and garderobe to the rear by a timber bridge, none of which survives. The ground floor was a very finely decorated undercroft, possibly serving as sleeping quarters for senior members of the household. Together with the nearby church which was rebuilt at the same period, it is argued that chamber block and now demolished hall were intended to make a statement about the status of the lord of Burton Agnes.

ARCHITECTURAL ASPECTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF A MANOR HOUSE

During the war, there was an urgent need for new housing in the liberated territories and throughout Ukraine. Most of the funds and investments have been allocated for the reconstruction of private houses. To date, hundreds of families have received the keys to a new house in the communities of Irpen, Gostomel, Buchi. The work is aimed at considering the architectural aspects of the reconstructed housing: area, shape, style. The advantages and disadvantages of various types of reconstructed manor houses are revealed. The main technologies for the construction of manor houses during reconstruction are considered. The importance of taking into account the means of architectural composition in the design of private housing is emphasized. This article can help architects and builders determine the main directions for the reconstruction of manor houses.

From East Prussian palaces to State Agricultural Farms. Post-war dwellingin rural Masuria and Warmia as refl ected in competition diaries

The changes that the former East Prussia underwent in the aftermath of WW2 resulted ina great degree from the appearance of new hierarchies and neighbourhoods. In the rural landscapesof Masuria and Warmia, State Agricultural Farms played a signifi cant role, largely shaping thesurroundings. The State Farms, housed in existing manor houses and palaces, transformed theminto offi ces, staff residences, clubrooms, and preschools. On the basis of selected competitiondiaries, the article examines various narrative strategies and individual practices aimed at adaptingto the new economic and social reality in the post-war landscape, formerly defi ned by the manor.

Vnútorné členenie a príslušenstvá šľachtickej kúrie na konci stredoveku (deľba kúrie v Lukavici v roku 1524)

In 1524 brothers John, George and Stephen divided the manor house (curia nobilitaris) of their father in the village Lukavica into three parts. Only the first of the brothers remained living in Lukavica and was still a lower-ranking member of the nobility. The division of the manor describes the interior spaces of the house: the black room, the old kitchen, the room behind the kitchen, the hall and the room with lighting. The house also had a cellar. In the courtyard there was a piggery, stables, barn and a chicken coop. The entrance consisted of a gate with a small tower. Another black room, a brewery, a pond and a mill belonged to the nobleman’s house. The division is exceptionally detailed and it is a unique source in the region of the Zvolen County. The charter has been preserved in a copy from the middle of the 16th century. The manor and its accessories became the subject of disputes and repeated divisions over the following generations. Female members of the family, in some cases married to non-nobles, played an important role in these disputes. The manor house in Lukavica still existed at the end of the 17th century after the change of owners. It is possible that it was subsequently converted into a farmstead, which still exists to the north of the village.

Helen Sutherland in Interwar Northumberland: Patronage and Place

From 1928 to 1939 the art collector Helen Sutherland rented Rock Hall, a large manor house partly dating from the 13th century and located near the coast in rural Northumberland. Throughout this period, interspersed with regular returns to London, Rock served, in her words, as a ‘place of refuge and renewal’ for friends, including the painter and poet David Jones, curator and collector Jim Ede and artists Ben and Winifred Nicholson. This, for Sutherland, was a ‘greatly loved landscape of seashore, hills, saints, legends, birds and all the friends who came there’. Such a perception of the relatively unpeopled rural north of England is important, not simply in terms of Sutherland’s experience, but as it speaks to wider interwar contexts of modernism and modernity, rurality and notions of regional and national identity. With a processual and relational understanding of place, I consider the nature and implications of Helen Sutherland’s art collection and her form of collecting, the character of her social and cultural networks and the extent to which patronage itself can contribute to a production of place.

CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL RESEARCH OF THE STĀMERIENA PALACE. THE ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN OF THE PALACE IN THE CONTEXT OF EUROPEAN HISTORICAL STYLES

The article Cultural and Historical Research of Stāmeriena Palace. The Architectural Design of the Palace in the Context of European Historical Styles aims to study the cultural and historical heritage of Stāmeriena Palace, focusing on the architectural research of the manor house in the context of the influences of European historical styles. The article is based on the research work, which is based on the documents found in the Latvian State Historical Archive, the Herder Institute Archive in Marburg, Germany, the Estonian National Archive, and the Alūksne Zonal State Archive. The research of Stāmeriena Palace as an architectural and artistic unit is based on unpublished research, as well as on observations made by the authors of the article. Based on the information provided in the documents, photographs, and unpublished studies (architectural research materials), the article reveals the four stages of the construction of the palace. Detailed attention is paid to the first two construction periods of Stāmeriena Palace, from 1835 to 1905 and from 1908 to 1940, when the most significant architectural changes to the façade and the overall ensemble of the building can be identified, which are closely related to the characteristic manifestations of 19th-century historicism architecture.

The lost gardens of the Palace of Meirás (Pazo de Meirás), a journey through time

The Pazo de Meirás (Meirás Palace) is a vast historical and artistic heritage complex with a great cultural and political importance in the recent history of Spain, being one of the most recognizable buildings for the Spanish people nowadays. Therefore, the current conservation status of the gardens has been assessed through the reconstruction of its historical evolution. Originally, the Pazo de Meirás and its gardens were built linked to the artistic and romantic style imprint of the outstanding writer Countess Emilia Pardo Bazán (1856­–1921). The gardens experienced their greatest splendor during this period. In fact, the historical floral diversity of the gardens, with a total of 154 recorded taxa, is among the highest in Galician manor houses. However, the context of the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) involved a drastic change: the palace became the summer residence of the head of the Spanish state, General Francisco Franco (1938–1975). Despite subsequent neglect and a fire in 1978, the estate’s intrinsic value led to its return to the Spanish State in 2020. Currently, the gardens could constitute a significant cultural asset linked to the Countess of Pardo Bazán and to the socio-political changes that took place in Spain during the 20th century.

A multidisciplinary investigation of the Konopi mansion in Odvos, Romania

Architectural heritage represents one of the most important assets of a local community, as it embodies their authenticity and spirit of place. This paper takes a look at the nobiliary manor houses in the extra-urban area of the county Arad, which is located in the western part of Romania, close to the border with Hungary. Along the Mures River, there are many manor houses and the interest and curiosity for this type of former residences of the nobility in Romania has increased in the last few years, whether we are talking about entrepreneurs who want to restore them to their former glory or passers-by curious to discover hidden treasures in rural areas. This architecture, that of the extra-urban noble residences, is a particular feature of the Modernity, very valuable in terms of cultural heritage because it was the result of a culture of the European area. It can be said that the noble architecture of the region Banat-Crișana is a result of the regional interpenetration of Central European canons. Early modern noble residences –known by their classical architecture – are characteristic of rural landscape of the Mures Valley, with more than ten such mansions and buildings of high historical value. Of these, the Konopi mansion, whose architecture makes its presence felt in the consciousness of the community, as it marks the silhouette of the Mures valley. The aim of this paper is to study the manor house and the ensemble Konopi and the way in which the residences were thought of and perceived at the time, both from the point of view of their function as a dwelling and as a symbol of the family power in the countryside. The overall objective of this paper is to identify the ways to intervene on the Konopi Castle complex and to generate a strategy for its long-lasting functioning so that the historical monument of regional and local interest can be left for future generations.

Cong Abbey: A palimpsest in stone

Abstract: This paper traces the longue dureé architectural history of Cong Abbey, Co. Mayo. It demonstrates how patterns of change, echoed in medieval religious houses across Ireland, can mislead the interpretation of medieval remains. The thirteenth-century church was transeptal in form. The demolition of the north transept and conversion of the south transept to a fortified tower in the late sixteenth century has hitherto obscured this. Conversion of the east range of the cloister into a manor house in the early seventeenth century involved the movement of carved features from other areas of the site. From at least the early eighteenth century, worship was reinstated at the abbey in a thatched mass house located at the south-east corner of the abbey complex. The preservation of the abbey buildings as a Romantic ruin in the late nineteenth century added further difficulties to the interpretation of the remains. As the complex, multi-layered history of the buildings was improperly understood, 'replica' historical features were added that may never have originally existed. These changes were not recorded and have subsequently further confused interpretation of the medieval elements of the buildings.

КУПЕЧЕСКИЕ УСАДЬБЫ КАК ЧАСТЬ КУЛЬТУРНОГО ПРОСТРАНСТВА ПРОВИНЦИАЛЬНОГО ГОРОДА XIX — НАЧАЛА ХХ В.

The article presents the results of studying urban estates of provincial merchants based on a field survey of the preserved buildings of Yelabuga and analysis of various sources. The estate form of development determined the type of urban space of Yelabuga from the beginning of the 19th century and to the 1917 revolutionary upheavals. According to their purpose, merchant estates can be divided into residential and commercial-industrial, which was in many ways typical of the trading cities of the Central Russian zone. The structure of a merchant estate included a residential building, courtyard with outbuildings (stables, sheds, a glacier and a barn), bathhouse, one or two outbuildings, and garden plot. Geographically, the estates occupied plots measuring 17–20 acres, located on the sides of longitudinal streets and extended into the depths of the block. After the 1850 great city fire, each estate was fenced on two (and in some cases three) sides with firewall walls. The front of the house with a gate overlooked the red line of the street. The composition of the manor house was determined by the norms of regular urban planning, location, functional use of the territories, size and configuration of the land plot, as well as a local landscape. In the second half of the 19th — early 20th centuries, when Yelabuga turned into a large commercial center, a new type of merchant estate, combining residential and trading functions, became widespread. On the estate territory, in addition to residential and commercial buildings, there were shops and stores, warehouses and storehouses. At the same time, the merchants began to pay considerable attention to the functional side of buildings, their convenience, comfort, lighting, and ventilation.

The Beautiful Manor House: Glimpses of Jewish Childhood in the Galician Countryside

The Beautiful Manor House: Glimpses of Jewish Childhood in the Galician Countryside

Museum in the modern virtual world (on the example of the Vasiliy Aksenov Museum)

In the modern world, a museum is a multidimensional dynamic space that actualises the potential of cultural heritage. As an illustration of this statement, it is interesting to consider the space of the Vasily Aksenov Museum in Kazan. The purpose of this article is to analyse the experience of virtualisation as a means of interacting with the audience in an existing museum, and to formulate practice-oriented vectors for further research on the basis of the V. P. Aksenov Museum in accordance with the identified trends. Since its opening in 2009, the Vasily Aksenov Museum has become a full-fledged cultural centre and a key venue for the annual literary and music festival “Aksenov-fest” in Kazan. The history of the museum began with the first festival in 2007. The festival was dedicated to the 75th anniversary of the writer who visited the city of his childhood. On the initiative of Mayor I. R. Metshin, the restoration of the house and the creation of the museum began, which took place in accordance with the concept proposed by V. P. Aksenov and according to the project of the architect (later the museum director) I. A. Aksenova. In 2015, a named public garden — Aksenov Garden — was opened in the city. The sculptures installed in the park are a self-portrait of Vasily Aksenov, with which he signed his manuscripts, and the sculpture “Waiting” (by Irina Aksenova and sculptor Asiya Minnullina). More and more often tourists plan their visit to the museum in advance, interested in the unique atmosphere of its interior space, as well as the opportunity not only to get acquainted with the biography of the famous writer of the sixties, but also to make a real journey through time, as the museum is located in a house with a mezzanine, in the former manor house of the early 19th century, and the museum exposition is stylistically and objectively built at the intersection of the 19th and 20th centuries. Residents and guests of the house, in addition to Vasily Aksenov, at different times were other famous personalities — Alexandra Fuchs, who hosted Alexander Pushkin during the latter’s stay in Kazan; poet, war correspondent Margarita Aliger and, perhaps, Gala Dali (Elena Diakonova).

Cultural and historical research of Nītaure manor

The manor of Nitaure (Nitau) is located in Cesis County, where the roads to Riga, Sigulda, Piebalga and Ieriķi meet. The village of Nitaure began to develop only after 1887, when separate plots of land were separated from the manor for residential purposes. This time, however, the subject of research is the manor house and its owners, as well as the park, which, tidy and well-kept, delights not only the local residents. The history of the manor is closely linked to the von Fermor and von Stenbock-Fermor families. Research into the history of the manor is topical, as it is rich in events that have taken place throughout the ages. There is also a lot of evidence in the archives and other historical material.

Językowy i społeczno-kulturowy obraz życia wsi kujawskiej na przełomie XIX i XX w. na podstawie powieści Franciszka Becińskiego "Wieś na zakręcie drogi"

In the historical sciences for some time there has been a tendency to describe the history of the Polish peasantry through his eyes. Thanks to this approach, not only purely historical accounts gain importance, but also literary testimonies. One of them is the novel by the peasant writer and poet Franciszek Beciński, The Village on the Bend of the Road, presenting a wide, colorful panorama of life in the Kuyavian countryside at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries and representing the peasant's point of view. According to the ethnolinguistic concept of profiling, the capacity of the concept of LUD (folk, people) was presented by means of various linguistic, cultural and social oppositions. In Beciński's works, the oppositions of village and manor, folk and church, religiosity and ludic character, women and men are particularly visible. The analysis within the described profiles allows us to draw the conclusion that the history of the Kuyavian village at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries cannot be captured only from the perspective of the violence of the lord over the peasant, and social relations, both within the village itself and between the village and the manor house, were here much more complicated.

Dwór krzyżacki w Benowie (Polska), jego geneza, historia i znaczenie w świetle analizy historyczno-architektonicznej

This paper deals with the history of the former Teutonic manor in Benowo (German name: Bönhof) in relation to its spatial arrangement. The first part presents the source historical messages relating to this place and an attempt is made to read them again based on the relevant available research by historians and archaeologists regarding the beginnings of the activity of the Teutonic Order in the Prussian land. The available archival cartography concerning the location of the manor house is also described. The following section presents new findings related to the use of modern land registration techniques – aerial and satellite photos and LIDAR airborne laser scanning. The result of the research is the indication of the character and shape of the buildings and the exact location of some of the objects included in the farm buildings, as well as the formulation of a hypothesis regarding the land forms existing in their immediate vicinity.

Od dobrej pani do apostołki kultury. Ewolucja postaw polskich ziemianek kresowych wobec ludności wiejskiej w XIX w.

From the Good Mistress to the Apostle of Culture. The Evolution of the Attitudes of Polish Female Landowners vis‑à‑vis the Rural Population in the Nineteenth Century During the nineteenth century, the personal model of a Borderlands female landownerwas transformed as a result of changes that were economic (enfranchisement), socio‑cultural, and political. The Polish manor house within the Stolen Lands in the nineteenth century became a stronghold of Polish culture, Catholicism, and patriotism, effectively protecting its inhabitants against Russification. Throughout the nineteenth century, the role of the landowner’s manor house remained unchanged, but the relations between the manor and the common people were transformed. Female inhabitants of manors in the first half of the nineteenth century played the role of the “good mistress.” They took care of their subjects, organized refreshments during the holiday season, acted as philanthropists, founders of almshouses, and suppliers of “manor pharmacies.” This pattern began to change in the post‑enfranchisement era. At the end of the nineteenth century and at the beginning of the twentieth century, Polish female landowners became the organizers of secret folk schools, initiated vocational courses, nurseries, and rural theatre and singing clubs. More and more educated women from the Borderlands became involved in social activities for the benefit of the countryside. In this article, I show the evolution of “female virtues” through the prism of relations between the manor house and the local community. The sources for the text are Borderland memoirs, educational publications, and surviving correspondence.