Mannan Oligosaccharide Research Articles

A synbiotic improves performance and gut health in broiler chickens

Modulating the intestinal microbiota of birds by using probiotics and prebiotics to reduce mortality and increase poultry health is a method of interest in the poultry industry. This study aimed to determine the best combination of synbiosis between Enterococcus faecium and one of the four prebiotics: mannan oligosaccharide (MOS), oligofructose (OF), xylooligosaccharide (XOS) or galactooligosaccharide (GOS). Based on the results of laboratory studies, a synbiotic was selected for performance evaluation in broiler chickens. Based on the results of in vitro studies, E. faecium + GOS combination was selected for further study as a potential synbiotic. Four hundred broiler chickens of the Cobb 500 breed were randomly assigned to 4 experimental treatments, and each repetition had 20 birds of one-day-old chickens, males, and females. Experimental treatments included control, control + prebiotic GOS, control + E.faecium probiotic, and control + selected synbiotic. After six weeks of feeding, growth performance, immune response, and intestinal microbiota were evaluated. Administration of GOS and E.faecium as synbiotic positively affected performance, especially in the first periods of production (P < 0.05). Treatments containing synbiotic and prebiotic significantly reduced the population of E. coli compared to the control treatment (P < 0.05). These results showed that E.faecium + GOS can be an efficient synbiotic for broiler chickens. However, determining the selected synbiotic effects on challenged broiler chickens is a point of interest that merits further research.

Exploring the Impact of Selected Functional Feed Additives on Growth Performance, Nutrient Utilization, Enzyme Activities and Immune Gene Expression of Striped Murrel (Channa striata) Juveniles.

Incorporating selected functional feed additives such as β-glucan, mannan oligosaccharides (MOS), Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus acidophilus into fish diets enhances immunity, gut health, growth and stress tolerance. These natural supplements offer sustainable alternatives to antibiotics, addressing disease outbreaks and poor feed efficiency common in intensive aquaculture. Their use supports eco-friendly practices while improving fish performance and overall farm productivity. The impacts of incorporating varied nutritional supplements into the diet, including β-glucan, MOS, yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and Lactobacillus acidophilus on growth performance, nutrient utilization, digestive and antioxidant enzyme activities, hemato-biochemical profile and immune gene expression in striped murrel (Channa striata) were examined. Five experimental diets were formulated and prepared as follows: Control, D1 (0.2% β-glucan), D2 (0.3% MOS), D3 (1% Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and D4 (0.02% L. acidophilus). A total of 450 striped murrel (average weight: 15.12 ± 0.26g per fish) were randomly assigned to 15 experimental cages (1m × 1m × 1.5m; 30 fish per cage) and fed the respective diets three times a day (08.00, 13.00 and 18.00h) to apparent satiety for 60days. The findings of the experimental feeding trial elucidated that significantly higher (p < 0.05) growth performance and nutrient utilization were observed in fish fed with the D4 diet, compared to other diets. The dietary supplementation of different probiotic and prebiotic supplemented diets did not significantly affect the whole-body proximate composition and antioxidant enzyme activity in striped murrel. However, fish fed the D4 diet showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) digestive enzyme activity and immune gene (TGF-β1 and NF-κB) expression, compared to other diets. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 0.02% L. acidophilus (D4 diet) resulted in improved growth performance, digestive enzyme activities and immune gene expression in striped murrel (C. striata).

In vitro fermentation of yeast cell walls (mannan-oligosaccharide) and purified β-glucans modulates the colonic microbiota of dogs with inflammatory bowel disease and demonstrates protective effects on barrier integrity and anti-inflammatory properties.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by a disruption of intestinal homeostasis, chronic inflammation, and dysbiosis. Prebiotic supplementation may be useful for managing IBD in dogs. The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of two prebiotics, Biolex MB40 or Leiber Beta-S, on the gut microbiota isolated from three dogs with IBD, using the Colon-on-a-plate technology. Biolex MB40 and Leiber Beta-S contain concentrated 1,3-1,6- β-D-glucan isolated from the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell walls. Biolex MB40 also contains mannan-oligosaccharide (MOS). Wells of the Colon-on-a-plate set up were inoculated with fecal suspensions and supplemented with either Biolex MB40 and Leiber Beta-S, or no test product (blank). Following 48h incubation, bacterial metabolites were measured and 16S rRNA targeted gene sequencing was performed. Colonic supernatants were added to a Caco-2/THP1 co-culture model to evaluate their effects on barrier integrity upon inflammation-induced barrier disruption and interleukin (IL)-10 production. Acetate and propionate concentrations were significantly increased versus blank with Biolex MB40, and biologically relevant numerical increases were observed with Leiber Beta-S supplementation. A donor-dependent, biologically relevant increase in butyrate was observed with both test products versus blank. Alpha diversity and microbiota biomass were increased, as well as the abundance of the five predominant phyla with both test products relative to blank. The greatest increases in abundance were observed for the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes phyla. Fermentation of both test products had a protective effect on the gut epithelial barrier (measured by transepithelial electrical resistance) that was donor dependent. IL-10 production was significantly increased with Biolex MB40 supplementation for all donors, and with Leiber Beta-S supplementation for one donor. These in vitro findings confirm a prebiotic effect for both products and suggest that supplementation with either Biolex MB40 or Leiber Beta-S may have beneficial effects on the gut microbiota of dogs with IBD.

Effects on Performance, Immunological Response and Short-Chain Fatty Acid Profile in Feces of Nursery Piglets Fed with Organic Acids and Yeast Wall.

The piglet nursery phase is one of the critical moments in production, especially in the first few weeks after weaning. Growth-promoting antibiotics have always been used in this phase, but the world is banning or limiting the use of antibiotics for this purpose, which has led researchers to seek alternatives, with an emphasis on organic and natural ones. As a result, this study aimed to evaluate whether a combination of organic acids and their derivatives (ammonium formate, formic acid, ammonium propionate, and acetic acid) and yeast wall (mannan oligosaccharides and beta-glucans) in piglet feeding during the nursery phase has positive effects on the SCFA profile in feces and animal health reflected in greater weight gain. A 40-day experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design containing three treatments, each with nine replicates and three piglets per replicate: negative control (NC: without additives), and a combination of organic acids and yeast wall at doses of 1 and 2 kg/ton (AO+YW-1 and AO+YW-2, respectively). Animals received four diets: pre-starter 1 (d1-7), pre-starter 2 (d8-14), starter 1 (d15-25), and starter 2 (d26-40). The animals were weighed on the day of the diet change. Blood and feces were collected on days 14 and 40 of the experiment. Piglets from the AO+YW-1 group showed more significant weight gain than NC. Feed intake was higher in piglets from the AO+YW-1 group considering the first 25 days of the experiment compared to NC; there was no treatment effect on feed conversion. Piglets from NC had higher levels of C-reactive protein and ferritin, while AO+YW-2 had higher levels of interleukin 10 and lower levels of TNF-α. A greater quantity of SCFA was observed in the feces of piglets on d40, related to the changes in propionic, butyric, isovaleric, and valeric acids. Therefore, the combination of organic acids and yeast wall used at a dose of 1 kg/ton proved to be an additive option for the diet of piglets in the nursery phase to enhance weight gain and reduce the number of doses of injectable antibiotics.

Evaluation of a fermented palm kernel meal as a prebiotic for enhancing immune response in Indonesian red claw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus)

Background and Aim: The Indonesian red claw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) represents a significant aquaculture commodity with substantial economic importance; however, disease outbreaks, particularly tail ulceration caused by Aeromonas hydrophila, pose challenges to sustainable production. This study evaluated the efficacy of fermented palm kernel meal (FPKM), rich in mannan oligosaccharides, as a prebiotic additive to enhance non-specific immune responses in C. quadricarinatus. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 crayfish (mean weight 10.3 ± 0.15 g and length 7.53 ± 0.26 cm) were allocated in a completely randomized design comprising four dietary treatments: a control group without FPKM and probiotics and three experimental groups receiving diets supplemented with FPKM at concentrations of 40, 80, and 120 g/kg along with probiotics. Hemolymph samples were collected at baseline (day 0) and on days 3, 5, 7, and 14 post-treatment. Non-specific immune responses evaluated included total hemocyte count (THC), differential hemocyte count (DHC), phagocytosis activity (PA), phagocytosis index (PI), phenol oxidase (PO) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, total plasma protein (TPP), and immune gene expression (lipopolysaccharide and β-1,3-glucan-binding protein [LGBP], lectin). Results: The inclusion of FPKM significantly increased THC, with peak enhancement observed on day 7 at the highest FPKM concentration (120 g/kg). DHC remained stable across treatments. Phagocytic parameters, including PA and PI, showed significant improvements (74.5 ± 12.5% and 2.8 ± 0.41, respectively) by day 7 in the 120 g/kg treatment. PO and SOD activities significantly increased on days 5 and 14, respectively, with optimal responses at the highest dietary FPKM inclusion. TPP levels did not exhibit significant variation among treatments. Molecular analyses revealed marked upregulation of immune-related genes, notably lectin and LGBP, with peak expression detected in the 40 g/kg FPKM group. Conclusion: Supplementing diets with FPKM substantially improved non-specific immune responses in C. quadricarinatus. Optimal immune enhancement was generally achieved with 120 g/kg FPKM inclusion, although significant molecular immune responses were evident at lower concentrations. The findings underscore the potential of FPKM as a natural prebiotic to sustainably enhance crayfish immunity, thereby reducing dependency on antibiotics and contributing to eco-friendly aquaculture practices. Keywords: aquaculture, crustacea, immune systems, palm kernel meal, prebiotic.

Morphological and Biochemical Characterization of a Cellulose-Degrading Bacteria isolated from Horse Feces (Equus caballus)

Abstract Cellulase is a widely developed enzyme for industrial applications, produced by various sources, including bacteria. While numerous bacteria are known to produce cellulose-degrading enzymes (CDE), further exploration is needed to discover unique and highly active CDEs. This study focuses on screening, identifying, and characterizing cellulose-degrading bacteria (CDB) from horse faces, which are considered an excellent source for such bacteria. Fecal samples were collected from Megastar Horse Farm in Batu, Malang, and screened on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-containing agar, incubated at 37 °C. The colonies that formed halo zones on the agar were isolated, and their genomic DNA was extracted for 16S rRNA gene amplification. Sequence analysis revealed that the isolate showed over 98% similarity to B. amyloliquefaciens SLBD and was subsequently labeled as B. amyloliquefaciens SLBD. Gram staining and scanning electron microscopy confirmed that B. amyloliquefaciens SLBD is Gram-positive with a rod-shaped morphology. B. amyloliquefaciens SLBD also grew optimally in Luria-Bertani (LB) medium at 37 °C. The CDE activity of this strain was assessed using its extracellular fraction against CMC and mannan oligosaccharides (MOS), revealing a substrate-dependent activity profile, with CMC being the preferred substrate.

A 3D-printed grid-like hyaluronic acid based hydrogel loaded with deferoxamine as wound dressing promotes diabetic wound healing.

A 3D-printed grid-like hyaluronic acid based hydrogel loaded with deferoxamine as wound dressing promotes diabetic wound healing.

Improvement of brown shrimp (Penaeus aztecus) culture parameters through dietary enriched synbiotic in a biofloc system

This study aimed to determine the potential efficacy of dietary prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotic on growth performance, total hemocyte count (THC), hepatopancreas histology, and gut microbiota composition of brown shrimp (Penaeus aztecus) under biofloc technology (BFT) conditions for 84 days. Seven feed additive groups were formed as C: control group with no feed additive, P: probiotic mixture (1 mL, 1 × 109 CFU/100 g feed, Lactobacillus plantarum, L. acidophilus, L. salivarius, and Bacillus subtilis), A: 0.2 g Arthrospira/100 g feed, S: P + A, ES1: P + A + 0.1 g MOS/100 g feed, ES2: P + A + 0.2 g MOS/100 g feed, ES3: P + A + 0.3 g MOS/100 g feed. At the end of the trial, P, A, and S showed an intermediate effect on final body weight (FBW) compared to the control group, while FBW significantly increased in the ES1, ES2, and ES3 groups (P < 0.05). Gut microbiota diversity revealed a predominance of Proteobacteria phylum and a decrease in Bacillota phylum in dietary prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic treatments. The number of B cells increased in the hepatopancreas of brown shrimp fed diets containing feed additives, indicating a significant effect on hepatopancreatic tubules. THC levels of the shrimps in the experimental groups increased, and the highest values were reached in shrimps fed with synbiotic diets (P < 0.05). In conclusion, it can be concluded that enriched synbiotic diets supplemented with probiotic mixture, Arthrospira, and mannan oligosaccharide can promote healthy growth for brown shrimp under BFT conditions.

Enhancing immune response and disease resistance in Gangetic mystus (Mystus cavasius) through dietary synbiotic supplementation: A sustainable alternative to antibiotics in aquaculture

Enhancing immune response and disease resistance in Gangetic mystus (Mystus cavasius) through dietary synbiotic supplementation: A sustainable alternative to antibiotics in aquaculture

Prospective comparison between mannan-oligosaccharide (MOS) and other hemicellulose-derived oligosaccharides

Prospective comparison between mannan-oligosaccharide (MOS) and other hemicellulose-derived oligosaccharides

The state-of-the-art preparation, purification and biological activities of mannan oligosaccharides

The state-of-the-art preparation, purification and biological activities of mannan oligosaccharides

Prebiotic Oligosaccharides as Potential Growth Promoter in Rabbits: A Review.

Raising rabbit on commercial scale is a significant industry for the production of meat, fur and leather. Rabbits are known to possess high fecundity and good quality meat. The animals utilise low-quality, low-cost diets like forages and agricultural by-products. However, growing rabbits are very prone to digestive problems that cause appetite loss, diarrhoea, slower growth rate and higher mortality rate, especially during the weaning period. Antibiotic growth promoters (AGP), which had been used comprehensively, are avoided because of resultant development of drug resistance in animals and antibiotic residues in animal products. As a result, alternative dietary healthy growth promoters are in high demand. Prebiotics and probiotics are two growth promoters that could replace AGP since they boost effectiveness without having any negative effects on intake. Utilising drugs or antibiotics to produce rabbit resulted in higher final product costs from an economic perspective. Prebiotics are non-fermentable, ingestible fibres and sugars, such as inulin-type fructans, mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS), isomalto-oligosaccharides (IMO), and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), that show immune-stimulating qualities to the host by favourably supporting the growth of some helpful bacteria (probiotics). For instance, supplementation of 3.0 g MOS/kg and 0.5 g IMO/kg to the diet of rabbits has been recommended to improve productivity in rabbits. Numerous studies also demonstrate the positive effects of dietary prebiotics supplements on the gut health, productivity and immunity of broilers. Thus, this review aimed to summarising the results in literature and to draw attention of the stakeholders in rabbit production to the potential impacts of some commercial prebiotics, such as MOS and IMO, on growth effectiveness, carcass characteristics, blood biochemistry, intestinal tract histomorphometries, and the expression of specific relative immune or growth genes.

Effect of probiotic yeast Pichia kudriavzevii 2P10 and mannan-oligosaccharide on the intestine health of rat infected with Salmonella Typhimurium

Abstract. Wulan R, Astuti RI, Rukayadi Y, Estuningsih S, Meryandini A. 2025. Effect of probiotic yeast Pichia kudriavzevii 2P10 and mannan-oligosaccharide on the intestine health of rat infected with Salmonella Typhimurium. Biodiversitas 26: 335-344. Recent evidence suggests that probiotic yeast is efficacious against bacterial infections. This study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation with the live yeast probiotic Pichia kudriavzevii 2P10, Mannan-Oligosaccharide (MOS), and their combination on the growth performance and intestinal health of male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats infected with Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 (ST). Two groups were studied: one without ST infection, including P. kudriavzevii 2P10 (PRO), MOS, and their combination (PMOS), and one with ST infection, including CONTROL.ST, PRO.ST, MOS.ST, and PMOS.ST. A diet of 108 CFU/mL PRO and 5% MOS was administered orally for 15 days, followed by a challenge with 108 CFU/mL ST in the ST group. After three days of challenge, the parameters were observed. The findings of this research are that ST infection in rats can cause colonization of ST in the ileum, causing a decrease in white blood cells, necrosis of epithelial cells, and an increased villous-to-crypt ratio (VCR) as a response to inflammation. The administration of PRO, MOS, and their combinations prevents inflammation, as proven by the absence of necrosis and epithelial desquamation. PRO, MOS, and their combinations stimulate intestinal health by increasing villus height, width, and VCR. MOS was found to be the best for increasing lactic acid bacteria. During ST infection, P. kudriavzevii 2P10 can coagulate with ST in the ileum, with this yeast-bacteria binding mechanism allowing free Salmonella Typhimurium cells to bind more to P. kudriavzevii 2P10 cells than to intestinal epithelial cells so that bacterial infection can be prevented. In conclusion, P. kudriavzevii 2P10 administration was the best for stimulating growth performance and intestinal health and preventing severe ST infection in male SD rats, offering promising avenues for further research and potential practical applications in human and animal nutrition and health.

The Effect of Dietary Sanguinaria canadensis Extract and/or Mannan-Oligosaccharide Supplementation on Body Weight and Serum Total Antioxidant Activity in Broilers Under Heat Stress

Sanguinaria canadensis L. is an herbalceous perennial that contains benzophenanthridine alkaloids, including sanguinarine and dihydrosanguinarine. Mannan-oligosaccharide (MOS) is derived from the cell wall of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of the supplementation of Sanguinaria canadensis extract (SCE) and/or MOS on body weight and serum total antioxidant activity in broilers under heat stress (HS[+]) and normal (HS[-]) conditions. A total of 72 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler were randomly assigned to 8 pens in two environmentally controlled rooms (4 pens per room). The dietary treatments were: (1) basal diet (control), (2) basal diet plus 1 g/kg of SCE, (3) basal diet plus 1 g/kg of MOS, (4) basal diet plus 1 g/kg of SCE and 1 g/kg of MOS. At 15 days of age, the chickens in one of the two rooms were exposed to HS (34±2°C) for 6 h, while the chickens in another room were continuously kept under normal conditions, serving as control treatment (22±2°C). During the study, body weights were significantly different and these differences were depended on diet and heat. HS[+] groups had lower body weights, however, the supplementation of SCE and MOS improved this situation positively. During the study, it was also determined that there was an interaction between diet and heat. Differences for serum antioxidant activity between HS[-] and HS[+] groups were significant for CUPRAC analysis results and unsignificant for ABTS analysis results.

Synergistic cryoprotective effects of mannan oligosaccharides and curdlan on the grass carp surimi.

Synergistic cryoprotective effects of mannan oligosaccharides and curdlan on the grass carp surimi.

Feed Additives for Layer Chicken Health and Production: A Review

The poultry industry continuously seeks to improve the health and productivity of layer chickens to meet rising demands for eggs. Feed additives, including probiotics, prebiotics, enzymes, organic acids, and herbal extracts, have gained attention for their potential to improve health and production without relying on antibiotics. This review evaluates recent research on feed additives, focusing on their effects on egg production, quality, and immunity in layer chickens. New studies indicate that probiotics, such as Lactobacillus strains, and prebiotics, like mannan oligosaccharides (MOS), can improve nutrient absorption, enhance immunity, and reduce pathogenic bacteria. Enzyme supplements, especially those targeting non-starch polysaccharides, have shown promise in increasing digestive efficiency and nutrient bioavailability, ultimately supporting greater egg production. Organic acids, such as citric and lactic acid, were found to lower gut pH, suppress harmful bacteria, and improve feed conversion ratio. Additionally, herbal extracts like turmeric and oregano exhibited antioxidant properties, contributing to improved egg quality and bird health. The review highlights the importance of selecting the right additive combinations for optimal effects. This comprehensive review suggests that feed additives offer sustainable and antibiotic-free options to improve layer chicken health and productivity, aligning with current consumer and regulatory demands.

Effect of Yeast Origin Mannan Oligosaccharide and β-Glucan Prebiotic Supplementation on Disease Susceptibility and Growth Performance of Preweaned Goat Kids

Effect of Yeast Origin Mannan Oligosaccharide and β-Glucan Prebiotic Supplementation on Disease Susceptibility and Growth Performance of Preweaned Goat Kids

Effects of dietary synbiotic supplementation on digestive enzyme, total Vibrio count, and hepatopancreas of Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei challenged with Vibrio parahaemolyticus

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the effects of dietary synbiotics on enhancing digestive enzymes, reducing the overall bacterial count of Vibrio, and minimizing hepatopancreatic histological damage caused by V. parahaemolyticus in shrimp (Penaeus vanamei). The experiments involved administering different treatments, namely Bacillus NP5 (SBM), Pseudoalteromonas piscicida1Ub (SPM), and Bacillus NP5 and P. piscicida 1Ub (SBPM), incombination with the prebiotic mannan oligosaccharide (MOS). This study was conducted for 60 days, followed by a challenge test with Vibrio parahaemolyticus for 7 days. The results of the experiments showed that dietary synbiotic supplementation demonstrated better digestive enzyme activity and histology of the hepatopancreas compared to controls (p < .05). After the challenge test, it was found that the damage to the hepatopancreatic tissue of shrimps was less severe and the total vibrio count was lower in the synbiotic treatment, indicating a protective effect compared to the positive controls (p < .05). In conclusion, the use of dietary synbiotics had the potential to enhance digestive enzyme function and provide disease protection for Penaeus vannamei shrimp.

Effect of Synbiotics Administering Probiotics_FM and MOS In the Ration on Broiler Carcass Weight

The use of AGP in broiler farming is for disease treatment and anti-stress, and AGP is also used to stimulate broiler growth. However, continuous use of AGP has been prohibited because it causes resistance to pathogenic bacteria and causes residue for consumers. Therefore, it is important to find a safe replacement for AGP, which can be done using synbiotics. This study aims to determine the effect of providing synbiotics from probiotic Probio_FM and prebiotic Mannan Oligosaccharide (MOS) in the diet on broiler carcass weight. The design used in this research was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 4 replications. The treatment in this study consisted of P0: Commercial ration + 0% Synbiotic from Probio_FM and MOS, P1: Commercial ration + 0.25 % Synbiotic from Probio_FM and MOS, P2: Cormersil ration + 0.50% Synbiotic from Probio_FM and MOS, P3: Cormersil ration + 0.75% Synbiotic from Probio_FM and MOS, P4: Commercial ration+1% Synbiotic from Probio_FM and MOS. The variables observed in this research were feed consumption, slaughter weight, absolute carcass weight and relative carcass weight. Data were analyzed using variance analysis (ANOVA) with Duncan's advanced test. The results showed that the addition of synbiotics from Probio_FM and MOS had a significant effect (P˂0.05) on feed consumption, slaughter weight and absolute carcass weight but had no significant impact (P˃0.05) on relative carcass weight. It was concluded that administering synbiotics from Probio_FM and MOS at 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, and 1% in the ration could increase broiler chicken carcass weight. The research conclusion of the study was that giving synbiotics from Probio_FM and MOS was more effective at a level of 0.25% -0,5%, which was able to increase broiler carcass weight.

Thermophilic Strain Bacillus subtilis Kb.12.Gl.35 as a Potential Producer of Mannanases for Obtaining Prebiotic Short-Chain Mannan Oligosaccharides

Thermophilic Strain Bacillus subtilis Kb.12.Gl.35 as a Potential Producer of Mannanases for Obtaining Prebiotic Short-Chain Mannan Oligosaccharides