Manipulation Of Emotions Research Articles

Emotionalization of mass discourse as compensation for the crisis of reference

This article comprehensively explores and analyzes the main reasons for the emergence of a clearly emerging imbalance between the emotional and rational components of the communicative space of modern mass discourse, as well as the imitation role of the emotions of a participant in modern discursive practices, which, in essence, are designed to compensate for his lack of opportunities, methods and channels to summarize the information received. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of such situations of manipulation of emotions at the individual or mass level within the framework of modern mass discourse, which are on the verge of complying with the law, or even go beyond this line. In conclusion, the interrelated phenomena of insincere discourse and the crisis of reference are considered, the correlation between which is assessed as one of the most significant and weighty confirmations of the prevalence and frequency of the use of processes of forced emotionalization of a number of discursive practices. In the vast majority of discursive practices, the emotions of the object of information today play the role of masks, screens, curtains, decorations, against which there is an imitation of a reference that is actually absent. In modern mass discourse, all information without notes is rarely conveyed to the audience, while facts are replaced by interpretations or turn out to be staged events. The main reason for the emotionalization of mass discourse is allegedly following the ideas, expectations and emotions of the mass audience – information is presented in such a way that everyone sees, hears, reads what they themselves would like to see, hear, read. The crisis of reference within mass discourse has an artificial and deliberately provoked character. The crisis of reference imposed on society by the main moderators of mass discourse deforms the semantic, syntactic and pragmatic norms of natural language, which makes it possible to manipulate both the meanings of words and syntaxes themselves, and their mass perception.

The Economics of Emotion: Unraveling the Idol-Fan Relationship in Digital Culture

This comprehensive study delves into the "idol economy" (IE), a key element in contemporary popular culture marked by intricate socio-economic interactions between media personalities ("idols") and their devoted fanbases. It focuses on the entertainment sector, consumer culture, and digital media, examining the impact of the idol economy on societal norms, values, and consumer behavior globally. Central to this research is "emotional labor," a concept by sociologist Arlie Hochschild, highlighting the management and manipulation of emotions to fulfill a role. In the idol economy, this pertains to idols' efforts to nurture relationships with fans and the emotional and mental investment from the fans' side. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, blending quantitative data (surveys, digital analytics) with qualitative insights (interviews, content analysis). Findings indicate a positive link between idols' emotional labor and economic gains, though with diminishing returns. Fans' emotional labor, like social media engagement, is closely tied to their satisfaction. Yet, aesthetic fatigue and intense fan engagement can adversely affect both fan satisfaction and idol earnings, suggesting a need for balanced emotional labor. Qualitatively, the research sheds light on the psychological and social effects on both idols and fans, including the stress of maintaining public images and the dangers of excessive emotional investment. It critically assesses the role of digital media, noting its facilitation of direct interactions and its contribution to emotional labor challenges. The study enriches academic discussions by integrating economic, sociological, and psychological perspectives, offering a comprehensive view of the idol economy. It recognizes limitations like reliance on self-reported data and proposes future research areas, such as longitudinal studies and examinations of new digital platforms. In summary, the paper presents a multifaceted analysis of the idol economy, emphasizing the complex interplay of emotional labor and its implications for idols, fans, and the industry at large. These insights are vital for understanding the evolving relationships between economic incentives, psychological drives, and digital media in contemporary fan cultures.

Envy, Jealousy, and Class Conflict in Classical Athens: φθόνος and the Manipulation of Unacceptable Emotions

Envy, Jealousy, and Class Conflict in Classical Athens: φθόνος and the Manipulation of Unacceptable Emotions

Метаморфозы идеи личности и среды в отечественном образовании: путь к Человеку

The article reveals the features of the transformation of the idea of personality in Russian education in a historical retrospective in the context of current social priorities, and also characterizes the dynamics of the role and place of the environment as a pedagogical tool. It is shown that the idea of personality in Russian education came out of Christianity and was influenced by free pedagogy at the beginning of the 20th century. In the future, this idea is subjected to severe ideological censorship. It is established that today the main challenge for education is the "social horizon of artificial values", simulacra (according to J. Baudrillard). The images of a person, which, in the spirit of the People's Commissariat of Education, Socialist Education and Proletkult, are purposefully formed by the media and network communication, are the result of manipulation of a person's emotions and his motivation. The complexity and uniqueness of the individual is lost. It is assumed that education should respond to this challenge by generating and implementing clear authentic goals for the de-velopment of the individual. The experience of history shows the possibility of embedding external utilitarian goals in education, but they are not effective in the context of the true development of the individual. Receiving today a social order for a unique and inimitable personality, the education system is untenable when traditional imperative education is used. The type of personality and its unification is opposed by the complexity of personality and its diversity. The paper traces the idea that the attitude towards the environment and its place in education is undergoing significant changes. The features of the use of personality-developing environmental tools are also different. The educa-tional environment, by definition, is intended to create opportunities for a person who exists exclusively in the modality of the possible (according to D.A. Leontiev). The educational environment acquires a qualitative difference when these possibilities are refracted through the personal principle, realizing a special way of human existence associated with personal functions.

The performativity and politics of emotions in NHS boards

ABSTRACT This paper highlights the performative value and political power of emotions in public sector board governance. We explore how board members display, manage and (re)negotiate emotions both purposefully and unconsciously through interactions in a UK National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust. This topic is investigated through an ethnonarrative approach and a performative perspective to understand the role and value of emotions in this particular organizational setting. Our data, captured through interviews and participant observations, highlight the inherent performative and political nature of emotions established through ritualized practice, impromptu displays, emotion norms, and power dynamics. We also highlight the purposeful instigation and manipulation of emotions to pursue individual or collective agendas. This paper thus contributes to both performance theory and the study of emotions management in organizations by exploring how the politics of emotions and emotion norms are experienced as valuable resources in the context of public board governance.

Exploring the Love Triangle of Authoritarianism, Populism, and COVID-19 Through Political Ecology: Time for a Break-Up?

Authoritarian and populist regimes have used the coronavirus pandemic as another excuse to further push back on democracy. Through the lens of boundary-making, we discuss power processes in pandemic politics of three countries whose governments and power constellations rely on authoritarian and/or populist politics (Hungary, Nicaragua, and Guatemala). Our aim is to envision the conceptual and practical possibilities for breaking up the unhealthy love relationship amid pandemic politics, authoritarianism, and populism, and for ultimately dismantling all three. On the basis of secondary data, personal communications, and our lived experiences, we analyze pandemic politics in authoritarian and populist contexts, exploring their ambiguous and co-constitutive effects through three apparent contradictions. First, we discuss control, or the ways in which the framing of the pandemic by authoritarian and populist regimes as an emergency, a quasi-war situation, or an excuse for political opportunism entails an attempt to justify command-and-control policies upon public behavior, intimate daily life, and subject classification. However, these control measures also bring about contestation through self-quarantine calls, accountability-driven demands of epidemiological data, and/or counter-narratives. Second, we engage with the contradiction of knowledge, by pointing out how authoritarian knowledge politics regarding the pandemic are based on over-centralized decision-making processes, manipulation of epidemiological data, and the silencing of unauthorized voices. Simultaneously, these measures are challenged and resisted by counter-knowledge alternatives on pandemic data and the struggles for subaltern forms of knowledge that could make relevant contributions to public health. Third, we discuss the contradiction of subjectivation processes. Authoritarian regimes make extraordinary efforts to draw a line between those bodies and subjects that deserve state protection and those that do not. In this situation, multiple forms of exclusion intersect and are reinforced based on ethnic, political, national, and gender differences. The manipulation of emotions is crucial in these divisions, often creating “worthy” and “unworthy” subjects. This highlights interconnectedness among vulnerabilities and emphasizes how care and solidarity are important elements in defying authoritarian populism. Finally, we conclude by proposing strategies that would allow political ecology to support prospects of emancipation for social justice, desperately needed in a pandemic-prone foreseeable future.

Las emociones de lo risible: la invectiva cómica y la manipulación emocional en la yambografía griega arcaica y en la comedia antigua

In recent decades, research on emotions has gained greater relevance within the field of classical studies. An outstanding and innovative point of this perspective –with regard specifically to the literary sphere– is that the notions of emotion and affect help to conceptualize the frame of reference that governs the reception of a given text. To a certain extent, this implies understanding the emotional dimension that arises and manifests itself in the instance of poetic or dramatic performance as a constitutive element of the literary genre –beyond formal and normative characterizations.This paper aims to examine in archaic Greek iambography (Archilochus of Paros and Hipponax of Ephesus) and in ancient comedy (Aristophanes) the forms of manipulation of emotions in the laughable ἐχθρός construction through ψόγος

LOVE YOUR JOB DISCOURSE AND ITS AFFECTIVE INFLUENCE ON THE CONTEMPORARY JOB MARKET

Purpose: This study aims to critically examine the use of the discourse of loving the job in social media and work life. Method/Design/Methodology/Approach: The study is based on social media analysis and semi-structured interviews with service industry employees. Findings: The results reveal that discourses associated with intimate feelings are largely internalized by workers and that loving work emerges as the norm even for those workers who actively dislike their jobs. While the contemporary labor market is characterized by insecurity, high turnover and individuality, emotions about the intimate aspects of social life are used to motivate employees for higher productivity while hiding power relations in the workplace in the face of growing social inequalities. Originality: This study, which brings together different methods, shows that today's working life is increasingly insecure on the one hand, and on the other hand, it is based on the manipulation of emotions rather than material rewards. It contributes to the visibility of the emotional turn approach in sociology.

Fans of Q: The Stakes of QAnon’s Functioning as Political Fandom

Affective activation, and the community engagement it fosters, is the driving mechanism of all fandoms, irrespective of the specific “objects of affection” around which they coalesce. These centralized objects of affection may hail from popular culture, such as in the form of sports teams, television shows, cartoon characters, or musicians. As fan scholars have increasingly recognized, fandoms can also emerge around profit-driven brands, specific politicians, and social movements. Much has been said regarding the dangers of the online conspiracy theory QAnon. However, these warnings have tended to overemphasize the rapidly evolving, amorphous beliefs of its adherents, rather than recognize the affective activation propelling the movement. Through its analysis of affect-driven communities, the field of fan studies can be productively applied to investigate the online discursive activities of QAnon community members. Framing QAnon as a fandom elucidates the functions through which the conspiracy theory radicalizes “normies” by exploiting the types of fan activities already well-established in mainstream fan communities. Underscoring the transferability of fan studies concepts to political movements and communities, this exploration outlines the societal stakes of QAnon’s manipulation and normalization of the toxic emotions cohering its adherents into a fanatic community.

Class Resentment and Leadership: Manipulation of Negative Emotions in Political Leadership Practices

The aim of this paper is to discuss the emotional plane in the context of the formation of leadership asymmetry, especially the instrumental use of grudge and resentment by a leader in the process of political leadership. The starting point to explaining the instrumentalisation of the affective sphere in politics, interpreted as a source of political leadership, will be the critical argumentation in relation to the assumptions of the theory of rational choice about the stability and predictability of political process. This article attempts a critical look at the rationality of leadership practices in politics, where it is emphasized that the individual and collective structures – including collective identities – of beliefs on which the leadership process is formed, consolidated and based, are not permanent, but increasingly dependent on irrational manipulative strategies. Hence, this paper will analyse the mechanism of creating or reactivating negative emotions by the leader in a given cultural and structural environment as the reasons for the emergence and legitimacy of supra-individual resentment or the functioning of class resentment, which translates into the escalation of hostility in a stratified society, as well as into followers’ receptivity; more broadly – into the form and shape of effective political leadership.

Normatively Irrelevant Affective Cues Affect Risk-Taking under Uncertainty: Insights from the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), Skin Conductance Response, and Heart Rate Variability.

Being able to distinguish between safe and risky options is paramount in making functional choices. However, deliberate manipulation of decision-makers emotions can lead to risky behaviors. This study aims at understanding how affective reactions driven by normatively irrelevant affective cues can interfere with risk-taking. Good and Bad decks of the Iowa Gambling Task have been manipulated to make them unpleasant through a negative auditory manipulation. Anticipatory skin conductance response (SCR) and heart rate variability (HRV) have been investigated in line with the somatic marker hypothesis. Results showed fewer selections from Good decks when they were negatively manipulated (i.e., Incongruent condition). No effect of the manipulation was detected when Bad decks were negatively manipulated (i.e., Congruent condition). Higher anticipatory SCR was associated with Bad decks in Congruent condition. Slower heart rate was found before selections from Good decks in Control and Congruent condition and from Bad decks in Incongruent condition. Differences in heart rate between Bad and Good decks were also detected in Congruent condition. Results shed light on how normatively irrelevant affective cues can interfere with risk-taking.

Manipulating the interpretation of political discourses

"Discourses usually convey their messages embedded in layers of meanings, which need decoding. Although everybody can understand the meaning, few see the power beyond the choice of words, sentence or discourse structure, and how easily interpretation can be manipulated according to the interests of the speaker. This paper aims to show how linguistic choices can lead to manipulation of emotions and attitudes according to social, cultural, and political contexts. By analysing two discourses from two different countries, Romania and UK, during the Covid pandemic, we concluded that in order to persuade people to obey the rules and maintain social distancing, the speakers made appropriate linguistic choices to manipulate feelings of trust, responsibility and national pride."

Expressing embarrassment (or not): Which effects on produced impression on others and on attributed social value?

IntroductionEmbarrassment is a negative but prosocial emotion, which often arises from the transgression of a social norm. Its expression thus plays a crucial role in the social perception. ObjectiveThe aim of this paper is to document this role during both ordinary and extra-ordinary situations (i.e., with stakes). MethodUsing scenarios’ method, 27 participants and 100 recruiters evaluated persons expressing embarrassment or not. ResultsStudy 1 showed that during ordinary situations, nonverbal expression of embarrassment led to make a good impression by signalling desire of appeasement and prosociality. In contrast, Study 2 revealed that during a job interview, verbal expression of embarrassment through defensive tactics was rather negatively perceived. ConclusionThe manipulation of emotions as emotive communication tools will be discussed.

Towards an emotional geography of diplomacy: Insights from the United Nations Security Council

In this paper I progress an emotional geography of diplomacy by considering emotions as part of calculative action on the part of diplomats. I seek to move the spotlight away from what emotion is to what emotion, as an embodied sociality, seeks to do to the alteration or reproduction of geopolitical relations. This unique focus on the calculative dimensions of emotional usage in diplomacy is a central though unexplored dimension of emotional geopolitics and one that I consider supports a perspective in which emotions are not depoliticised or trivialised, but situated, historicised, and relational, and which may be mobilised for political purposes. Focusing on the socio‐spatiality of calculative emotions, and building on recent scholarly interest in the mobilisation and manipulation of emotions, I explore their use in the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), a poignant and powerful context for the study of emotional diplomacies. Using empirically rich materials derived from interviews with Security Council delegations, the paper's aims are threefold. First, I explore the different ways in which emotions are perceived, performed, interpreted, and acted on by diplomats in this international, inter‐cultural geopolitical body. Second, from a geographical perspective I investigate the ways in which embodied emotions are distinctively connected to specific sites and spaces, and demonstrate the complexities of their usage in the UNSC. Finally, using a case study of Russian–UK emotional exchanges in the UNSC over the civil war and humanitarian crisis in Syria, I show that research on emotional diplomacies must be sensitive to the specific social and cultural assumptions over what particular emotions mean and do in altering and reproducing geopolitical relations.

Головні наративи сучасної російської пропаганди як впливогенна проблематика в умовах консцієнтальної війни Росії проти України

The objective of the study is to identify the main narratives of Russian propaganda as impact-generating issues in the Ukrainian media space in terms of consciental war of Russia against Ukraine. The methods of theoretical and methodological analysis and generalization substantiate how intensive and massive penetration of Russian narratives is implemented in the media segment of Russia and post-Soviet countries, in particular Ukraine. The narratives of the modern and histor-ical Russian propaganda are analyzed. It is shown that Russian propaganda consists of: 1) the veiled propaganda targeted at the population of Ukraine, which is close to the Ukrainian worldview in the system of coordinates, or which has an uncertain position (this type of propa-ganda aims to undermine the legitimacy and public support of the Ukrainian authorities); 2) The overt propaganda targeted mainly at the Russian-speaking population of Ukraine, which is in the system of coordinates close to the Russian worldview in the system of coordinates, or which has an uncertain position. Russian propaganda uses the narratives that manipulate using strong emo-tions. The narratives of the modern Russian propaganda – “Crimes of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and Minsk Arrangements” and “Ukraine – “Failed State” as well as the narratives of the historical Russian propaganda “All Ukrainian Nationalists were Fascists” and “Ukraine Forgot about the Victory over Nazism” are determined by the method of induction, deduction and generalization. These narratives are formed by virtual mythical facts, contain the concepts with powerful impact-generating potential and are the warfare by which it is implemented ma-nipulation of strong emotions and consciental impact on the recipients in order to shift their identities.

Quantum Structure for Modelling Emotion Space of Robots

Utilising the properties of quantum mechanics, i.e., entanglement, parallelism, etc., a quantum structure is proposed for representing and manipulating emotion space of robots. This quantum emotion space (QES) provides a mechanism to extend emotion interpretation to the quantum computing domain whereby fewer resources are required and, by using unitary transformations, it facilitates easier tracking of emotion transitions over different intervals in the emotion space. The QES is designed as an intuitive and graphical visualisation of the emotion state as a curve in a cuboid, so that an “emotion sensor” could be used to track the emotion transition as well as its manipulation. This ability to use transition matrices to convey manipulation of emotions suggests the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach. Our study is primarily influenced by two developments. First, the massive amounts of data, complexity of control, planning and reasoning required for today’s sophisticated automation processes necessitates the need to equip robots with powerful sensors to enable them adapt and operate in all kinds of environments. Second, the renewed impetus and inevitable transition to the quantum computing paradigm suggests that quantum robots will have a role to play in future data processing and human-robot interaction either as standalone units or as part of larger hybrid systems. The QES proposed in this study provides a quantum mechanical formulation for quantum emotion as well as a platform to process, track, and manipulate instantaneous transitions in a robot’s emotion. The new perspective will open broad areas, such as applications in emotion recognition and emotional intelligence for quantum robots.

Does incidental pride increase competency evaluation of others who appear careless? Discrete positive emotions and impression formation.

Emotion plays important and diverse roles across various social relations. Although the social functions of emotion have attracted increased attention, the effects of positive emotions such as pride on impression formation remain poorly understood. Drawing on social projection theory, this study examined how incidental experiences of pride influenced the impressions of those who made a blunder, along with two other characteristics: the person’s warmth and competence. Participants were designated randomly to receive inductions of pride, awe, or a neutral emotion. Subsequently, they were asked to indicate their own impression of a person who had made a blunder and to rate their overall sense of that individual’s warmth and competence. A laboratory experiment recruiting university students (Study 1, N = 79) demonstrated that pride, a positive emotion elicited by a self-relevant achievement, led to higher competency evaluations of others. However, a pre-registered online experiment in middle-aged adults (Study 2, N = 108) failed to replicate the effects of pride on competency evaluations of others. Furthermore, another pre-registered online experiment in younger adults (Study 3, N = 290) did not show successful manipulation of incidental emotions. These results suggest that strictly controlled experimental settings that induce robust incidental emotions might be better for demonstrating a strong pride effect on the evaluation of others.

Role of virtues in the relationship between shame and tendency to plagiarise

PurposePlagiarism is an epidemic for scholars that needs to be managed. Penalties do not seem to be able to stop people from indulging in it. Manipulation of emotions and values may help in discouraging people from plagiarism. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to understand the association between felt emotion and plagiarism outcome behaviours. Another objective of the study is to see the role of virtues in discouraging people from plagiarism.Design/methodology/approachA scenario-based quasi-experimental method is used to collect the data. Graduate students from various Indian universities were invited for the experiment. The partial least square based structural equation modelling is used to test the measurement as well as path model.FindingsThe authors found that manipulated shame resulted in feelings of both international and external shame. When individuals feel internal shame, they avoid and discontinue plagiarism. They also try to repair the damage that they cause by plagiarism. However, feeling of external shame only encourages individuals to discontinue plagiarism behaviour. Virtues such as influence, competitiveness and equality weaken the relationship between internal shame and plagiarism-related outcome behaviour. At the same time, these virtues do not affect the relationship between external shame and outcome behaviours.Practical implicationsThis study has important implications for the institutions of higher education. The study suggests that universities should provoke the emotion of shame through various communications to students to control the act of plagiarism by their students.Originality/valueNo study seems to have examined if the manipulation of emotions and values can help reduce the problem of plagiarism. This is an attempt towards bridging this important gap in literature. Therefore, findings of this study are of great value to scholars and content developers.

La ilustración ayer y hoy

AbstractEnlightenment means the conjunction of reason and autonomy, but also an attitude of comitment in the defense of justice. Nowadays we are living in a time that can be described like a crisis of civilization and it is urgent to recover and adapt some of the anthropological, cognitive, ethical and political keys of the Enlightenment in order to palliate it. Specially, it is necessary to face to these kinds of problems: the preservation of the ecological life conditions and the search of truth, what involve the climate change and the manipulation of emotions by capitalism and populism.Keywords: enlightenment, crisis, reason, emotion, history.

The Ethics of Virtual Reality Technology: Social Hazards and Public Policy Recommendations.

This article explores four major areas of moral concern regarding virtual reality (VR) technologies. First, VR poses potential mental health risks, including Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder. Second, VR technology raises serious concerns related to personal neglect of users' own actual bodies and real physical environments. Third, VR technologies may be used to record personal data which could be deployed in ways that threaten personal privacy and present a danger related to manipulation of users' beliefs, emotions, and behaviors. Finally, there are other moral and social risks associated with the way VR blurs the distinction between the real and illusory. These concerns regarding VR naturally raise questions about public policy. The article makes several recommendations for legal regulations of VR that together address each of the above concerns. It is argued that these regulations would not seriously threaten personal liberty but rather would protect and enhance the autonomy of VR consumers.