Mandatory Duties Research Articles

PELATIHAN ENGLISH DEBATE PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM BAGI GURU MGMP BAHASA INGGRIS SMK SE-KOTA BATAM

Community service is one of the mandatory duties of lecturers as part of the realization of the Tri Dharma of Higher Education activities. In line with this, Tri Dharma activities are focused on important activities in contributing to improving the quality of life of the community, especially in developing skills that can be used in a wider range of society. One of the activities carried out was English Debate Parliamentary System Training for Vocational High School English MGMP Teachers throughout Batam City at the Batam Tourism Polytechnic. This training aims to provide information to Gugus Cahaya Jingga PAUD teachers regarding the English Debate Parliamentary System. The specific target to be achieved is to make GUGUS CAHAYA JINGGA PAUD teachers skilled in implementing the English Parliamentary Debate System in learning.

Leadership Style of the Principal in Mas Al-Asy'ariyah Islamic School Medan Krio


 
 
 
 This research is motivated by the leadership style of the principal in MAS Al-Asy'ariyah Medan Krio. Ensuring the leadership style of the school principal is one of the mandatory duties of the school principal in enhancing the leadership style at MAS Al-Asy'ariyah Medan Krio. This study aims to examine the leadership of the school principal in the leadership style at MAS Al-Asy'ariyah Medan Krio. The research method used in this study is descriptive qualitative research, where the researcher will describe the leadership style of the school principal at MAS Al-Asy'ariyah Medan Krio. There are three participants in this study, namely the school principal, teachers, and students at MAS Al-Asy'ariyah Medan Krio. The research findings indicate that: 1) The principal of MAS Al-Asy'ariyah Medan Krio implements effective leadership processes, including supervision, planning, and execution in the leadership style of the school principal. 2) The principal also frequently motivates teachers and students with the aim of encouraging them to adopt the leadership style of the school principal, thereby achieving the goals in the leadership style at MAS Al-Asy'ariyah Medan Krio. 3) The principal demonstrates good role modeling by involving the community in all school activities, aiming to receive input and active participation from the community in improving the leadership style at MAS Al-Asy'ariyah Medan Krio. In conclusion, the leadership of the school principal in enhancing the leadership style at MAS Al-Asy'ariyah Medan Krio has been effective without any obstacles, as the principal performs all tasks using a well-organized management system.
 
 
 

Tarasoff in Missouri: The jurisprudence of a mental health provider's duty to warn and protect non-patients of potential risks from patients.

In 1976, the Supreme Court of California issued its well-known Tarasoff Principle. From this principle, other courts found a duty to warn, and some found more than just a duty to warn, a duty to protect. As courts in other states adopted a version of the Tarasoff Principle, they issued a wide variety of third-party liability rules. In light of the dynamic, everchanging Tarasoff jurisprudence in the United States and recent relevant appellate court opinion in Missouri, a timely updated summary and update of Tarasoff-related jurisprudence in Missouri is warranted. In the present analysis, we compiled the four appellate court decisions that pertained to the questions of Tarasoff-like third-party liability in the State of Missouri: Sherrill v. Wilson (1983), Matt v. Burrell (1995), Bradley v. Ray (1995), and Virgin v. Hopewell (2001). We reviewed all legal measures for clinicians to protect nonpatients in Missouri, not just those that relate to protecting nonpatients from violence as in a Tarasof-like scenario. Thus, this paper concisely provides a compendium of such options and allows for a meaningful comparison of which legal, protective measures are mandatory and which are permissive, thereby evoking the question of whether measures of protecting nonpatients from a patient's violent acts ought to be mandatory duties or permissive application of professional judgment.

Reasons for Not Adopting COVID-19 Permitted Changes to Legal Duties: Accounts from English Local Authorities

In England, “easements,” introduced via the Coronavirus Act 2020, were brought in at the start of the pandemic to support English local authority adult social care services. They enabled local authorities to suspend some of their mandatory duties under the Care Act 2014. Easements were only adopted by eight local authorities and for short periods, and the provision was rescinded in late 2021. This article examines why a sample of 16 local authorities, some of which were statistically close to the eight local authorities that did decide to use easements, decided not to do so. It draws on data from interviews undertaken in 2021 with Directors of Adult Services and Principal Social Workers that explored their decision-making about using easements. It also outlines their preparations prior to the pandemic reaching England, how they had operated using “flexibilities” within the Care Act thus not needing to adopt easements, and their views on those authorities that had adopted them.

The Implementation of Covid-19 Archives Preservation in College

Background of the study: Circular Letter No. 62 of 2020 concerning the Preservation of Covid-19 handling archives is a public policy that needs to be implemented by State Universities as part of government agencies. Purpose: This study aims to explore efforts to implement policies to preserve the records of Covid-19 handling at university and understand the challenges it faces as university that does not have its own Archive yet. Method: This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. There are three informants selected through the purposive sampling method. Informants were selected based on the following criteria: 1) has mandatory duties in archival activities and 2) positioned as an archivist. Research data obtained through interviews and documentation studies Findings: The university efforts in preserving Covid-19 handling archives are carrying out internal communication to preserve archives within the General, increasing archivists’ competencies and knowledge, and conducting from preparation to Covid-19 archives assessment. Related efforts in the organizational structure have not been made because this process takes a long time. The challenges arise from the lack of human resources in every unit of PTN X and the absence of an archival institution which makes it difficult to implement implementation in all units of university Conclusion: The university has made efforts to preserve the handling of Covid-19 within the smaller scope, the General Bureau. For a wider scope, the implementation has not been carried out due to lack of human resources and the absence of university Archive owned by university. Keywords: archives preservation, Covid-19 archives, public policy, university archives

ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR (OCB) DAN PERUBAHAN ORGANSASI AKIBAT PANDEMI COVID-19

Human resources are an absolute strength for the success of an organization, various challenges are faced by the company in achieving its goals, both internally and externally. One of the biggest challenges for companies at this time is the Covid -19 pandemic which has occurred for almost three years, not only in Indonesia. but also in almost all parts of the world. Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) is highly expected in conditions like this, where employees voluntarily show their extra roles outside of the mandatory duties assigned to them, such as helping co -workers without being asked, replacing sick co- workers, giving encouragement, and so on. This paper reviews the dimensions of OCB which consist of altruism, conscientiousness, sportsmanship, courtesy, and civic virtue as well as their role in the company's change management to survive and continue to grow amid the Covid -19 pandemic. Written using a descriptive approach through literacy studies from previous studies, journals and related articles and writings compiled with the author's view, then presented systematically so as to provide an overview of the OCB of company employees in the midst of organizational change due to the Covid-19 pandemic.

Urgensi Komisi Perlindungan Anak Daerah (KPAD) Kabupaten Asahan dalam Memberikan Perlindungan Hukum Anak

The Regional Child Protection Commission (KPAD) of Asahan Regency is an institution that is the party in providing protection for children from various kinds of crimes, both children become victims and children are perpetrators. The purpose of this research is to discuss the legal basis for implementing the Regional Child Protection Commission (KPAD) of Asahan Regency, and the implementation of legal protection for children by the Regional Child Protection Commission (KPAD) of Asahan Regency. The research method used is empirical legal research by analyzing primary data and secondary data by examining directly into the field and both from literature.Based on the results of this study, that the basis of legal regulation regarding child protection is Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection. The Regional Child Protection Commission (KPAD) of Asahan Regency carries out mandatory duties in accordance with existing statutory regulations. The Regional Child Protection Commission (KPAD) of Asahan Regency provides protection for children as victims and actors in a comprehensive (multi-aspect), holistic (comprehensive, integrated) and coordinated integrated service.

РАБОТА ОРГАНОВ ЗЕМСКОГО САМОУПРАВЛЕНИЯ ПО РАЗВИТИЮ НАРОДНОГО ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЯ В ТАВРИЧЕСКОЙ ГУБЕРНИИ В ПЕРВОЕ ДЕСЯТИЛЕТИЕ ЗЕМСКОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ (1866-1875 гг.)

During the period of liberal reforms of Emperor Alexander II in Russia in 1864, the zemstvo reform began, which was a continuation of the peasant reform of 1861. Zemstvo institutions were introduced in the country, in the Tauride province they appear two years later - in 1866, zemstvo institutions were in charge of local social and economic issues. One of the important issues that fell on the shoulders of the zemstvos was the issue of the development of medicine. Taking care of the people's health was not one of the mandatory zemstvo duties, but the growth of infectious diseases and the high mortality rate largely prompted the zemstvo authorities to promote the development of medical affairs. The work of the zemstvo bodies was especially difficult at the very beginning of the formation of zemstvo medicine, when the zemstvos had to raise to a new level everything that they had inherited in 1866. The first decade of zemstvo activity for the development of medical science is the subject of this study. The article deals with the regional features of the districts of the Tauride province and their importance in the development of public health in the region. The relevance and novelty of the study is added by the reflection of the influence of the social composition of the county zemstvo vowels on the modernization of the social sphere of the province. In conclusion, information is provided on the results achieved by local self-government bodies by the end of the third zemstvo triennial in relation to 1866. The results of the research provide information on the state of medical affairs of the Tauride province in 1875 in relation to the rest of the zemstvo provinces of the Russian Empire.

Pelaksanaan Analisis Soal Oleh Guru Sebagai Kegiatan Evaluasi Pembelajaran Seni Tari Di SMA N 3 Payakumbuh

This study aims to explain the implementation of analysis of semester exams by teachers as an evaluation of cultural arts (dance) learning at SMA Negeri 3 Payakumbuh. This type of research is qualitative research with a descriptive approach to analysis. The main instrument in this study was the researcher himself and assisted with supporting instruments such as stationery and cameras. Data collection techniques are conducted by means of observation, interview and literature studies. The steps of analyzing data are collecting data, describing data and concluding data. The results showed that the analysis of the problem items conducted by art and culture teachers at SMA Negeri 3 Payakumbuh, can be said as an extra activity (additional) curriculum because the activity of analysis of the point of this question is an activity outside the mandatory duties of teachers in schools. Of the 15 cultural arts (dance) questions that have been analyzed in mgmp discussion forums and observer participants discussions with teachers, it was determined that 8 questions should be replaced for reasons that do not fit the material and the choice of answer options that confuse students later. From the activities and results of analysis of questions like this, teachers have conducted qualitataif analysis of questions only from the construction aspect (how the problem was built) and the content aspect (how the material conformity) of the question analyzed. But the analysis of the problem that teachers do quantitatively is not done.

Tra persona e persone, discutendo con Massimo Monteduro su doveri e diritti

The contribution deals with a number of issues raised by reading Massimo Monteduro's essay. In particular, it focuses on the relevance of the administration's task of providing protection toinviolable rights, asking how far the perspective of functionalisation to rights or even inviolable rights is able to explain the administration, according to the thesis that sees the administration as a vehicle for guaranteeing people's rights. According to the author, in the constitutional design, the administration would be part of a more general and ambitious project aimed at creating a new society, in which the guarantee of inviolable rights would constitute a sort of precondition, essential but elementary. Again according to the author, the crux of a model of society that tends to ensure general conditions of freedom also through the reciprocal conformation of the positions of individuals with respect to one another, in a context in which the community dimension can never be neglected, would be in the relationship between Article 2 of the Constitution and Article 3 of the Constitution. Therefore, it may be that Article 2 represents the prism of constitutional solidarity, as presupposed in the text, but it does not exhaust it and occupies only a part of it. According to Massimo Monteduro, the person is central, but there are also other people, those of today and those of tomorrow, there is the community. It is therefore necessary to be cautious about the assertion that referring to mandatory duties to persons would have the possible consequence of interpreting them as a numerus clausus, whereas this would not be the case if referring to those duties to public administrations.

The Right to Financial Privacy in an Era of Mandatory Duties of Disclosure

The Right to Financial Privacy in an Era of Mandatory Duties of Disclosure

Guidance for Preparation of Implementation Plans Interactive Learning and Teaching Materials Based on the Freedom of Learning Policy for Pedagogical Competency Improvement Primary School Teachers

Rapid technological developments and the existence of a new policy regarding independent learningare new challenges for schools. With this new policy, educators must have competence inimplementing learning in accordance with the policy of independent learning. However, the results ofthe teacher competency test for the Agam Regency are still low (59.96). In addition, there are still manyeducators who do not understand how to prepare, implement and evaluate independent learningpolicy-based learning. The solution to these problems is the need for assistance and guidance from theprincipal. This is because one of the principal duties of the school is to supervise educators andeducation personnel. The first step to solving this problem is to build the supervisory competence ofthe principal. This is because supervision is one of the principal's mandatory duties, therefore it is theresponsibility of the principal so that teachers can plan, implement, and evaluate learning inaccordance with the independent learning policy. The method of implementing these activities is bytransferring knowledge and guidance to the principal. Transfer of knowledge about understandingimplementation, evaluation, and follow-up in supervision and standardization of functions and dutiesfor educators and education personnel. Then the guidance is carried out to make a supervisionprogram. After that, an evaluation is carried out to increase the understanding of the head of thesupervisory competence and the learning median policies

Increasing the Competence of Principals in Implementation of the Supervision of Educators and Education Staff

Rapid technological developments and the existence of a new policy regarding independent learning are new challenges for schools. With this new policy, educators must have competence in implementing learning in accordance with the policy of independent learning. However, the results of the teacher competency test for Agam Regency are still low (59.96). In addition, there are still many educators who do not understand how to prepare, implement and evaluate independent learning policy-based learning. The solution to these problems is the need for assistance and guidance from the principal. This is because one of the principal duties of the school is to supervise educators and education personnel. The first step to solving this problem is to build the supervisory competence of the principal. This is because supervision is one of the principal's mandatory duties, therefore it is the responsibility of the principal so that teachers can plan, implement, and evaluate learning in accordance with the independent learning policy. The method of implementing these activities is by transferring knowledge and guidance to the principal. Transfer of knowledge about understanding implementation, evaluation, and follow-up in supervision and standardization of functions and duties for educators and education personnel. Then the guidance is carried out to make a supervision program. After that, an evaluation is carried out to increase the understanding of the head of the supervisory competence and the learning median policies.

Trust-owned companies and the irreducible core of the trust

Abstract The recent Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal case of Zhang Hong Li v DBS Bank (Hong Kong) Ltd upheld the effectiveness of anti-Bartlett clauses. This gives rise to the question of whether a trust-corporate structure, coupled with a well-drafted anti-Bartlett clause, leaves any room for trust obligations. Through the lens of the law on trust-owned companies, this article thus seeks to reconceptualise the ‘irreducible core of trust obligations’. It argues that the irreducible core means the minimum duties which are necessary to preserve the integrity of the trust concept. It draws a distinction between core and mandatory duties, in that the ‘bells and whistles’ one adds in specific contexts may be mandatory duties reflecting appropriate policies, instead of core duties necessary for a trust to exist. It accordingly considers the proper content of the irreducible core, as distinguished from other mandatory duties.

Healthcare acquired infections: malpractice and litigation issues.

Healthcare acquired infections (HAIs) represent a significant burden for hospitalized patients in terms of mortality, morbidity, length of stay and costs. Also cause medical liability and medical malpractice litigation. Specific keywords combinations were analitically searched in PubMed and Scopus databases. Publications concerning medical liability, medical malpractice and litigation issues were reviewed. The authors outlined the healthcare workers and healthcare settings mandatory duties in consideration of the Italian law. In case of infections occurred in hospital environment the patients must demonstrate the guilty nature of the physicians and healthcare settings, the existence of a harm and causal connection. Physicians and healthcare facilities defence is mainly based on demonstration that protocols and aseptic measures were adopted scrupulously applying the up to date scientific knowledge. HAI are a complex issue which need a multitask strategy and a surveillance system to control the phenomenon and help physicians and healthcare facilities to reduce malpractice litigation.

Medical malpractice in public hospitals

Under Chilean public law, liability of a public hospital appears when the institution fails to accomplish its mandatory duties or incurs in negligence. As in private law liability, this system requires to determine the duties of hospitals and, in case of a medical accident, professional standards or duties. This paper explores the two main categories of medical malpractice, namely erroneous diagnosis and treatment failures based on public law theory and judiciary methods.

Рецентралізація в Угорщині: наслідок становлення авторитарного режиму чи економічно обґрунтований крок?

The article analyzes the reasons and causes of the recentralization process in Hungary, which has been taking place since 2010. The paper highlights the legislative, economic and political aspects of functioning of decentralized Hungary. It was pointed out that Hungary demonstrated an extremely strong fragmentation of governance, which prevented the efficient provision of administrative services at the local level. Moreover, there was an inconsistency between the wide, legally set autonomy, lack of financial resources for the implementation of all the given competences and a relatively strong political dependence on the leading national political parties. The consequences of such policy were demonstrated as they have actually led to the incapacity of a large number of Hungarian communities due to their economic and technical incapacity. Because of that the incapable communities were forced to take out loans for the implementation of their mandatory duties and provision of administrative services. The situation became even more acute after the 2008 crisis, when the majority of the communities were not able to pay off the loans as they were predominantly issued in foreign currency. The authors have also analyzed the positive (increasing the capacity level of communities, “ranging” the communities depending on their size, transfer of provision of a number of services to a higher, more economically viable, level) and negative (threat of violation of citizen rights and the establishment of an authoritarian regime) sides of recentralization. Also analogies were drawn with the process of power decentralization in Ukraine and the rather professional approach to the implementation of the stated reform was emphasized. Namely, the involvement of international donors and projects of international technical assistance also with the aim of receiving advisory support, which allowed to take into consideration at least part of the mistake of decentralization in Hungary.

Infections in hospital departments. What is Hospital Responsibility?

Infections in hospitals still have a high incidence and many of them could be avoided through better welfare standards. To try to overcome them, a strategy based on prevention is needed, but cleaning, disinfection and sterilization procedures are also a key tool. It is important to provide for all healthcare professionals a constant update and the creation of protocols that take into account the technical, scientific and economic aspects, but also specific operational needs, so that the proposed solutions can be applied in daily routines. The authors outline the mandatory duties to the doctors and hospital and underline the need to document in the clinical record the treatments performed. In case of infections occurred in hospital environment, the patient must demonstrate the guilty nature of the hospital's conduct, the existence of a harm and the causal connection. The hospital must demonstrate that asepsis measures were adopted according to the actual scientific knowledge and they must cover not only the treatment but also the diagnosis, all the activities prior to surgery and the postoperative phase. The sentences examined show that hospitals can avoid being accused of negligence and imprudence only if they can prove that they have implemented all prophylaxis measures contained in the guidelines and protocols. They must demonstrate that the infection was caused by an unforeseeable event. While some initiatives to improve the quality of hospital care have already allowed a decrease in the incidence and cost of these infections, much remains to be done.

Legal Briefing: Mandated Reporters and Compulsory Reporting Duties

This issue's "Legal Briefing" column, one product of a Greenwall Foundation grant, reviews recent developments concerning compulsory reporting duties. Most licensed clinicians in the United States are "mandated reporters." When these clinicians discover certain threats to the safety of patients or the public, they are legally required to report that information to specified government officials. Over the past year, several states have legislatively expanded the scope of these reporting duties. In other states, new court cases illustrate the vigorous enforcement of already existing duties. I have organized all these legal developments into the following eight categories: 1. Overview of Mandatory Reporting Duties 2. Controversy over the Benefits of Mandatory Reporting 3. New and Expanded Duties to Report 4. Criminal Penalties for Failing to Report 5. Civil Liability for Failing to Report 6. Disciplinary Penalties for Failing to Report 7. Legal Immunity for Good-Faith Reporting 8. Protection against Employers' Retaliation.

A framework for an industrial ecological decision support system to foster partnerships between businesses and governments for sustainable development

In the post-crisis approach to welfare states, the role of authorities as providers of welfare becomes more pronounced. As local authorities across the European Union are confronted with new and often unfavourable financing mechanisms, the performance and management of mandatory and voluntary duties must be reconsidered. As sustainable development and a more frugal management of public funds becomes more important, local authorities need to find new and innovative ways to mitigate their expenditures. The authors anticipate that local authorities will be interested in a more active participation in industrial ecological systems with advantages for sustainability. The fundamental question is: how could the process of finding potential partners for industrial ecological partnerships between businesses, and between businesses and the authority be facilitated? The authors review the concept of industrial ecology and its potential benefits; and also highlight the possible connection points between local governments and a business cluster, through an overview of mandatory and voluntary duties and responsibilities local governments must perform. The main answer to the research question is the framework of a novel decision support system (DSS) to facilitate the establishment of new connections and rationalise existing ones in pursuit of greater efficiency at reduced costs, whilst also promoting the aims of sustainable development. Finally, the authors consider the wider regional economic consequences of the DSS in the attractiveness of the eco-industrial cluster to new entrants, through the exploration of a set of plausible scenarios will be explored.