Elucidating the biological characteristics of overweight populations based on urine Raman spectroscopy and bioinformatics analysis.

Blepharoplasty is among the fastest-growing aesthetic procedures in male patients, reflecting shifting cultural norms and increasing demand for facial rejuvenation that preserves masculine features. This review outlines the anatomical and aging patterns specific to the male periorbital region and discusses contemporary surgical techniques tailored to this population.The gender-specific anatomical differences in the periorbital region influence both surgical planning and outcomes are highlighted.Aging in men involves distinct patterns that must be addressed to preserve masculine facial identity.Surgical strategies emphasize conservative tissue excision, preservation of eyelid fullness, and avoidance of feminizing features.Men are predisposed to complications like lower lid malposition, visible scarring, and wound dehiscence due to anatomical factors and skin characteristics. Overcorrection may lead to feminization, necessitating a conservative surgical philosophy and meticulous technique.A deep understanding of sex-specific anatomy and aging, coupled with meticulous surgical technique, is essential for achieving natural, harmonious outcomes that align with the male aesthetic ideal.

Endometriosis in adolescents: A state-of-the-art review.

Sleep disturbances in children and adolescents with epilepsy: Clinical, polysomnographic and management aspects.

Rare histological variants of prostate cancer-including ductal adenocarcinoma, intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P), neuroendocrine carcinoma, basal cell/adenoid cystic carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, sarcomatoid carcinoma, and stromal tumors-exhibit highly diverse biological behaviors and distinct molecular features. Accurate pathological recognition is essential, as these entities frequently diverge from conventional acinar adenocarcinoma in morphology, genomic alterations, therapeutic responsiveness, and clinical outcomes. Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P) and ductal adenocarcinoma often display genomic instability and aggressive clinical behavior, including enrichment for homologous recombination repair (HRR) defects and hypoxia-related pathways. Neuroendocrine subtypes, including de novo and treatment-related NEPC as well as double-negative prostate cancer (DNPC), are characterized by androgen receptor (AR) independence, RB1/TP53 loss, low prostate-specific antigen (PSA) production, and poor prognosis, reflecting lineage plasticity under therapeutic pressure. Other rare tumors-such as basal cell carcinoma/adenoid cystic carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and stromal tumors (STUMP and prostatic stromal sarcoma)-demonstrate unique pathological patterns and limited responsiveness to standard systemic therapies, underscoring the importance of tailored diagnostic and management strategies. This review integrates the histopathological, molecular, and emerging spatial transcriptomic insights across this spectrum of rare and treatment-resistant prostate cancer subtypes. By highlighting shared mechanisms such as genomic instability, androgen receptor (AR) pathway bypass, and microenvironmental remodeling, we outline key diagnostic considerations and evolving therapeutic implications relevant to precision oncology.

To investigate changes in the prevalence of chronic pain (CP), high-impact chronic pain (HICP), and musculoskeletal health (MSK-HQ scores) before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Longitudinal cross-sectional study using data from two population-based surveys conducted in 2016/17 (PRELIM) and 2022/23 (MIDAS-POP). Adults aged 35 and over registered with general practices in the West Midlands, UK, completed questionnaires including CP, HICP, and MSK-HQ. Entropy balancing was applied to match respondents across survey years on age, sex, deprivation, and ethnicity. Logistic and linear regressions estimated odds ratios (ORs) and mean differences. Subgroup analyses tested for interactions, and E-values were calculated to assess robustness to unmeasured confounding. CP prevalence increased from 35.6% in 2016/17 to 42.9% in 2022/23 (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.22 to 1.51), and HICP from 15.5% to 22.4% (OR 1.57, 1.38 to 1.80). MSK-HQ scores among people with CP declined from 32.4 to 23.1, exceeding the minimal important change. Increases were more marked among women and people aged 35-54. Differences by deprivation and ethnicity were observed, although subgroup estimates for ethnicity should be interpreted cautiously due to small sample sizes. E-values suggested that the associations were moderately robust to unmeasured confounding. Chronic pain prevalence and its burden have increased since the COVID-19 pandemic, alongside declines in musculoskeletal health. While some of this may reflect residual confounding, the findings underscore the need for targeted pain prevention and management strategies, particularly for working-age adults and underserved groups.

Harmful cyanobacterial blooms pose increasing threats to aquatic ecosystems and human health; yet, the role of zooplankton grazing in regulating blooms remains understudied. We investigated the seasonal feeding behaviour and fitness consequences of feeding preferences in natural zooplankton communities for toxic (microcystin-producing) versus non-toxic cyanobacteria across temperature gradients in eutrophic Lake Greifen, Switzerland. We conducted monthly experiments from April to October 2023 to test the grazing behaviour of four zooplankton groups (daphnids, calanoid copepods, cyclopoid copepods, and microzooplankton) exposed to mixed diets of green algae and either toxic or non-toxic Microcystis strains at 15 °C and 25 °C. Contrary to expectations of cyanobacteria avoidance, zooplankton exhibited predominantly non-selective grazing throughout the seasonal succession, consuming both toxic and non-toxic cyanobacteria at similar rates, regardless of temperature. Notably, during the peaks of phytoplankton abundance (April and September), mesozooplankton demonstrated a selective preference for cyanobacteria over green algae, particularly non-toxic strains. Temperature effects were subtle but revealed metabolic constraints: elevated temperatures occasionally triggered selective consumption of cyanobacteria in copepods, while fitness costs (survival) from exposure to toxic species were mostly restricted to transitional bloom periods and high-temperature conditions. These findings suggest that toxic cyanobacteria may not always evade grazing pressure through secondary metabolite deterrent effects. Our results suggest that zooplankton communities can adapt and graze on cyanobacteria regardless of toxicity under the tested conditions, even during bloom conditions. These observations highlight the potential for zooplankton to interact with cyanobacterial populations, which may have implications for bloom prediction and management strategies, particularly under climate warming scenarios.

The window of opportunity for treating vulvovaginal atrophy in menopause: Insights from oestrogen receptor distribution and age-related changes.

Species-specific genomic information has the potential to transform modern conservation management strategies through improved genomic assessment and management outcomes. Gaining genomic insights into genetic diversity, adaptability and potential resilience against infectious diseases is essential to enhance conservation efforts for threatened species. Here, we describe the development of the first custom SNP array for an amphibian, designed for the critically endangered Pseudophryne corroboree, which has experienced a near-total population collapse due to the amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, Bd). The array comprises 48,386 SNPs, with an average density of 5.45 SNPs per Mb and was effective in genotyping multiple tissue types, including non-lethal buccal swabs. Of the SNPs, 82.1% were polymorphic across 910 captive-bred P. corroboree individuals derived from ~54 families. Population genetic analysis revealed evidence of ancestral inbreeding and two historic bottlenecks, one coinciding with the arrival of Bd in Australia. Notably, we demonstrate successful cross-species amplification of 21,077 (43.6%) polymorphic loci in three closely related anurans, highlighting the array's broader utility beyond P. corroboree. This tool represents a valuable resource for investigating the genetic basis of disease resistance and developing management strategies for improving reintroduction outcomes in P. corroboree, while also providing a foundation for advancing conservation genomics in other amphibian species.

Presence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the Nandu River Estuary, Hainan Island.

Unconventional seasonal variation and mechanisms of sediment phosphorus release in an Urban lake.

Empiric pacing in unexplained syncope and bifascicular block: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Holistic evolution of the Bohai Sea complex system: Insights from interacting drivers.

Oak borers in the genus Coraebus, including the bark- and the wood-boring beetles C. florentinus and C. undatus, are major pests of the cork oak tree Quercus suber, and when their population densities are high, effective forest protection measures become critical. The endophagous behaviour of Coraebus species and the limited understanding of their biology, hamper the development of timely and effective management strategies. The novel strain UNISS22 of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana, isolated from the forest ecosystem, demonstrated strong insecticidal potential against the model coleopteran Tenebrio molitor and the two target Coraebus species, achieving up to 100% mortality in both larvae and adults, with efficacy shown to be concentration-dependent. Beauveria bassiana UNISS22 was found to exhibit endophytic behaviour in Quercus plants and to possess a distinctive ability to produce increased fungal biomass. Genomic analyses revealed a set of genes encoding proteins related to the insecticidal potential, including genes involved in adhesion to the host (adhesins and hydrophobins), in penetration and infection (chitinases, proteases and subtilases), and in the synthesis of bioactive secondary metabolites. Gene sequence analyses revealed a significant level of divergence in strain UNISS22, supporting the presence of distinct biological properties and functional potential compared with other B. bassiana strains. The biological properties and insecticidal potential of B. bassiana strain UNISS22 provide valuable insights for developing eco-friendly, integrated management strategies to protect forests from Coraebus beetle infestations. © 2025 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Infectious complications are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality post-lung transplantation. Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) frequently occurs in patients with conditions that are common indications for lung transplantation. Proactive management of sinonasal disease may help to reduce airway colonization and improve clinical outcomes after lung transplantation, but CRS prevalence, clinical features, and management strategies in lung transplant recipients are poorly studied. Thus, we sought to clarify the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and management strategies of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) among lung transplant recipients at a single lung-transplant center in Japan, with particular attention to regional differences in disease etiology and management. We included 272 patients who underwent or were scheduled to undergo lung transplantation at the University of Tokyo Hospital between 2015 and 2024. Patient demographics, underlying respiratory diseases, pre- or posttransplant sinonasal status, and otolaryngological management data were collected. CRS was diagnosed based on the EPOS 2020 criteria, which incorporate clinical symptoms, endoscopic findings, and radiological evidence. We evaluated CRS prevalence and its associations with specific pulmonary diagnoses, surgical intervention rates, and clinical outcomes. CRS was identified in 7.2 % (16/222) of pre-transplant and 13.8 % (8/58) of post-transplant patients. Significantly higher CRS prevalence was observed in patients with bronchiectasis (53.8 %, odds ratio [OR] 17.7, p < 0.001) and diffuse panbronchiolitis (60.0 %, OR 18.5; p = 0.005), suggesting that ciliary dysfunction is a major risk factor for CRS. Imaging predominantly revealed maxillary and ethmoid sinus involvement. Fungal balls were noted in approximately 10 % of patients. Endoscopic sinus surgery was performed in refractory CRS cases, which resulted in good postoperative outcomes, with preservation of lung graft function and absence of surgery-related complications and opportunistic infections. Although based on a limited number of surgical cases, histopathological examination of the surgical specimens revealed a predominance of neutrophilic and non-eosinophilic inflammation. CRS is a clinically significant and relatively common complication in Japanese lung transplant recipients, particularly in those with underlying ciliary dysfunction. These findings highlight distinct regional differences in disease phenotypes and management approaches for CRS in lung transplant recipients. Systematic otolaryngological evaluation and timely intervention for CRS, including endoscopic sinus surgery, may help to prevent severe infections and optimize post-lung transplant outcomes.

Constitutive overexpression of ATP-binding cassette transporters contributes to emamectin benzoate resistance in Spodoptera frugiperda.

Suoquan Yishen formula attenuates ectopic lipid deposition in diabetic kidney disease by inhibiting UBC9-mediated SUMO1 modification of DRP1.

Yeast β-glucan accelerates diabetic wound healing via macrophage polarization and anti-inflammatory modulation.

The MCM/Lys-Cys nanodevices for the efficient gene delivery: An approach towardsMCP1gene manipulation using CRISPR technology.

Bioactive peptides-incorporated photo-crosslinking hydrogel for suture-free repair of corneal injuries.