Management Of Urban Parks Research Articles

Performance Assessment Indicators for Comparing Recreational Services of Urban Parks.

Parks can offer varied services to human well-being, including recreational services (RS); however, there is insufficient understanding of park differences concerning the actual performance of their varied RS. To fill this gap, this study aimed to develop a set of performance indicators as a tool for comparing the functional efficacy of RS among different parks. The indicators covered three aspects of RS: recreational usage of various physical activities, their recreational satisfaction level and the collective performance rating. These indicators were applied in a case study of four parks in Guangzhou, China, based upon on-site observation and a questionnaire survey. The functional difference of these indicators was compared and the collective indicator was found to be able to effectively capture different efficacies of urban parks in supporting varied RS. Results show all the parks were far from reaching the maximum performance of designed RS, so it is worthy of consideration by urban managers to further improve their RS efficacy. In addition, the overall spatial design and configuration were inferred to be essential for improving the RS efficacy of urban parks, but not park size nor ornamental vegetation. The findings offered valuable evidence for the optimal spatial design and management of urban parks.

Analysis of vegetation biodiversity and urban park connectivity as landscape services provider in Bogor city

The rapid urban development has its own positive and negative impacts, especially on the landscape. One of the attempts to overcome those negative impacts of urban development is to create Green Open Space. The proportion of green open space in an urban area should be at least 30% of the total area. One form of green open space is an urban park, which is also become a green belt infrastructure. Therefore, the object of this research is six urban parks in Bogor City; there are Sempur Park, Kaulinan Park, Peranginan Park, Kresna Field Park, Corat-Coret Park, and Katulampa Fasosfasum Park located in the Ciliwung Watershed. The methods used in this study are the Shannon-Wiener Index to analyze the biodiversity of urban parks in Bogor City, which has the results of a Shannon-Wiener index from low to high. While based on the results of the Sorensen Index, connectivity between Urban parks in Bogor City is classified from low to moderate. Furthermore, the correlation between vegetation biodiversity and connectivity was tested through the Spearman Rank Correlation Test, a strong and direct correlation. The outputs from this study are three recommendations for urban park management to improve vegetation biodiversity and connectivity in Bogor City.

Comparing resident and tourist perceptions of an urban park: a latent profile analysis of perceived place value

Sustainable management of cities is only attainable when urban spaces are understood as spaces where residents and tourists can coexist even with different interests and priorities. Urban parks are a prime example of urban spaces where residents and tourists mingle; they are only sustainable if the different perceptions of place of the two groups are understood. Therefore, the current study examines 652 visitors at Gwanggyo Lake Park (GLP) in South Korea to compare tourist and resident perceptions. Employing Latent Profile Analysis of perceived place value, the current study identified three valid profiles for visitors of GLP: Relationship Seekers, Activity Seekers, and Environment Seekers. This analysis also found significant differences between profiles of residents and tourists visiting GLP in terms of demographic and behavioral characteristics. Based on the differences between resident and tourist perceptions, theoretical and practical implications are offered for sustainable management of urban parks and other attractions.

Green Infrastructure in the Time of Social Distancing: Urban Policy and the Tactical Pandemic Urbanism

The COVID-19 pandemic generated a number of changes in the functioning of urban areas all over the world and had a visible impact on the use of green infrastructure, including city parks. The study discusses and compares operation and use of two such parks located in Wellington, New Zealand and Warsaw, Poland by adopting “pandemic urban ethnography”, an approach that includes autoethnography, interviews with users, non-participant observation, and analysis of social media content. As indicated by the findings of the study, the importance of less rigidly designed, multifunctional spaces that give their users freedom of “tactical” adjustments, significantly grows during times of lockdown and “social distancing”. During such a crisis, the management and everyday use of urban parks are highly related to urban policies. The article provides insight into how those policies impact the functional values of green infrastructure confronting it with user-generated adaptations and the landscape design itself. The global health emergency showed how access to green areas becomes a crucial determinant on environmental justice while proving the significance of “tactical pandemic urbanism” as both a design and management method.

A geographical detector study on factors influencing urban park use in Nanjing, China

Even though urban parks are widely recognized to be of immense benefits for urban residents and environment alike, developing a direct and effective method to estimate urban park use and decipher its influencing mechanisms remain to be challenging. In this study, an urban park use index is proposed to quantitatively estimate urban park use based on the Baidu heat map data in Nanjing region. Besides, a geographical detector is applied to quantify individual and interactive influences of the internal and external factors on urban park use. The evidence shows that park-surrounding facilities have the greatest influence among all driving factors. Moreover, compared with the individual influences of driving factors on urban park use, the interactive effects between each pair of driving factors are manifested as bivariate enhanced or nonlinear enhanced. These findings provide an effective means to examine and reveal the influencing mechanisms of urban park use, which can assist urban planners and policy makers to frame more specific policies aimed at successful urban park management and planning.

Development of a measurement scale for residents’ attitudes toward leisure activities in urban parks

Urban parks are regarded as important areas for city residents to conduct daily leisure activities. Lately, urban park activities have been receiving more attention from both academics and practitioners. The purpose of this study is to establish a scale that measures Shantou residents' attitudes toward leisure activities in urban parks, through both qualitative and quantitative methods. During the initial scale generation, 20 semi-structured interviews were conducted with Shantou residents as participants. To refine the measurement scale, 133 respondents were initially surveyed through exploratory factor analysis. To verify the measurement scale, 402 respondents were surveyed the second time, through first- and second-order confirmatory factor analysis. Findings identified eight dimensions: General knowledge and beliefs, Relation to other concepts, Benefits, Evaluation, Liking, Direct feelings, Current and past participation, and Behavioral intentions. These were used to measure the residents’ attitudes. This study is of theoretical and practical significance to urban park stakeholders, including urban park managers and government, as it strengthens the management of urban parks in Shantou and provides a better environment for residents to engage in leisure activities. Management implications•This study developed a 38-item measurement scale for residents’ attitudes toward leisure activities in urban parks.•General knowledge and beliefs, Relation to other concepts, and Direct feelings were the most important dimension from residents’ perspectives.•Residents have relatively negative attitudes toward the Evaluation, Behavioral intentions, and Current and past participation dimensions.•Management strategies and polices are provided to improve residents’ attitudes toward urban park activities.

Research on Urban Park Management Problems and Countermeasures from the View of New Public Service Theory—Taking Chengdu as an Example

With the development of China’s economy and the improvement of people’s living standards, urban parks, as an important place to meet the needs of residents’ leisure life, have gradually become one of the important contents of urban construction, and are also one of the main contents of building urban landscape and urban ecosystem. The construction of urban parks in China started before the founding of the People’s Republic of China. With the change of urban form, urban parks continued to develop. Especially after the reform and opening up, the construction of urban parks in China like bamboo shoots after a spring rain and landed in various cities. However, due to the further development of urban space construction, the management of urban parks has to face more and more challenges. Therefore, from the perspective of public service theory, this paper takes Chengdu urban parks as the research object, analyzes the problems existing in its management according to its current situation, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions on the management problems of Chengdu urban parks.

北京城市公园常见乔木土壤真菌群落特征及影响因素

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 北京城市公园常见乔木土壤真菌群落特征及影响因素 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202005121202 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 城市与区域生态国家重点实验室开放基金（SKLURE2017-2-4） The characteristics of soil fungal community and effect factors under common tree species in urban parks of Beijing Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:快速城市化引起的城市环境污染问题日趋严重，由城市中心到城郊往往呈规律性递变趋势。北京城市公园作为城市绿地主体，不仅是城市居民重要的休闲游憩场所，也能在一定程度上反应环境污染，如土壤重金属污染的作用规律。以北京市这一典型大城市为研究区域，根据不同城市公园的建成时间、所处位置和距离市中心的远近选择六个公园作为研究样点，选取公园常见6种乔木下土壤，通过对土壤重金属含量、土壤理化性质以及土壤真菌群落测定和测序，旨在探讨城市公园植被下土壤真菌群落特征（多样性和群落结构组成）以及影响因素。研究结果表明：北京城市公园乔木下的土壤真菌群落多样性、群落组成以及优势类群受到土壤pH值、土壤养分和水分以及重金属铅的调控。其中公园土壤重金属铅含量增加会降低土壤真菌多样性、显著影响优势类群子囊真菌（占真菌群落73%）以及土壤真菌功能类群病原真菌群落组成。研究揭示了北京城市公园土壤真菌群落特征及调控因素，特别是重金属铅对土壤真菌群落的影响，这对提高城市公园科学管理和环境健康具有积极的应用价值。 Abstract:Fast urbanization has resulted in serious environmental pollution. The polluted pattern distributed from central city to the country. Urban parks are the major areas for the green spaces in Beijing. Urban parks are not only the important public spaces for the leisure of residents and tourists, but also could response to the environmental pollution, such as soil metal pollution. In this study, we investigated soil fungal community under six common tree species in six urban parks that distributed from central city to the country, aiming to understand the characteristics of fungal community, including diversity and community composition, and the effect factors on fungal community. Soil fungal species, soil heavy mental, soil physical and chemical parameters were measured. The results showed that soil fungal community diversity, composition and dominant species were significantly influenced by soil pH, soil nutrient content, soil water content and Pb content through six parks. Soil fungal diversity was reduced with the increase of heavy metal Pb. Moreover, soil Pb content significantly influenced the dominated family species Basidiomycota, which occupied 73% of the total fungal community species. There was close relationship between community composition of soil pathogen and soil Pb content. It indicates a potential threat to human health from Pb pollution and consequent change in pathogens. Overall, our results provide insight into the importance of soil Pb modifying soil fungal communities in urban parks, increasing our knowledge of soil Pb pollution and being helpful for improving urban park management. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Exploring Affecting Factors of Park Use Based on Multisource Big Data: Case Study in Wuhan, China

The exploration of park use and its affecting factors is necessary for urban park planning and management. Using big data, 70 urban parks in Wuhan were selected as the study objects in the present study. Two groups of linear regression models were developed to examine the effects of various factors on park use. The total numbers of visits and public demands in urban parks were recorded as 1,291,894 and 4,022, respectively. Social media data reflect visits, while public demand data reflect demands. First, a large area and sufficient facilities greatly help improve park use; moreover, we should pay attention to old urban parks in disrepair. More squares need to be considered in urban parks; attention should be paid to the water pollution and safety concerns that may arise in urban parks. Second, the influence of accessibility on park use is stable. It is beneficial for park use to construct greenways connecting residential areas and urban parks. The layout of pocket parks in the city center is also a feasible way to improve park use. Third, to improve park use, we should arrange commercial entertainment facilities and services in urban parks in point of interest (POI)-rich areas, as well as facilities and services for residents’ daily activities in urban parks in population-rich areas. This study provides a way to combine multisource data that reflect the number of park visits and park demands to explore affecting factors of park use.

The management of urban parks and its contribution to social interactions

ABSTRACT The topic of managing and protecting parks fits well into a broader paradigm at local, national, and international levels. Local decision-makers are increasingly becoming aware of the benefits and values of urban parks. The value of urban parks brings together different perspectives from health, recreation, heritage value, ecology, to the use and management of these parks sustainably. Protection and sustainable management are significant for urban parks’ survival and utilisation. At the same time, the management and maintenance of urban parks play important roles in social interactions. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the contribution of urban park management to the development of social interaction within Peace Park in the city of Podujevo, Kosovo. The findings suggest that local parks may support the development of social interaction in urban areas. Associations were found between the quality of urban parks, usage, and extent of interaction. The study concludes that in developing countries, management plays a crucial role in fostering social interaction. That in turn, increases the pressure for local authorities to provide better management and innovative solutions.

Exploring the disparities in park accessibility through mobile phone data: Evidence from Fuzhou of China

Parks are a major public service infrastructure for urban residents. Due to the unbalance geographic distribution of public parks within an urban, residents may have uneven access to this service. Despite there has been an efflorescent literature references, there is no consensus on how to properly measure the accessibility of park. The traditional place-based or infrastructure-based approach is often criticized for inappropriately defining spatial units or threshold distances. Taking a fast urbanization region-Fuzhou City, China as a case, this study overcomes this deficiency by employing the method of two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) to evaluate the park accessibility using mobile phone data (during December 10, 2018 to December 16, 2018), which is people-based information with actual park users' origin-destination trajectory of park users. The results indicate that the threshold distance is 2 km from the visitors’ home to park regardless of level, and the total number of visitors is relative fewer in weekend than that in workdays. The spatial distribution of park effective area presents a notably decreasing trend from the urban center to its periphery; however, the spatial distribution of park accessibility is more scattered and irregular. Finally, different key factors of park accessibility are identified for different locations using Geographically weighted regression (GWR) technique. Our study has a good implication for urban park planner and manager to implement differentiated planning policies for parks with full consideration of holistic factors.

Attitude and Perception of Residents towards the Benefits, Challenges and Quality of Neighborhood Parks in a Sub-Saharan Africa City

Urban parks provide various environmental, socio-cultural and economic benefits, also called ecosystem services, as well as challenges. Urban park planning and management needs to consider the perception and attitude of people towards the benefits, challenges and quality of the parks. However, such information is largely lacking for cities of Sub-Saharan Africa. The objectives of this study are to understand the perception and attitude of residents towards the benefits, challenges and qualities of neighborhood parks in a formal settlement area in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and to investigate whether these aspects are affected by the socio-demographic characteristics of respondents. Data were collected through a household survey (n = 398) and three focus group discussions. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests. The focus group discussion resulted in the selection of 18 ecosystem services (benefits) and five challenges. Supported by a very high response rate (96.6%), the household survey shows that respondents recognize the environmental, socio-cultural and economic benefits provided by neighborhood parks, but that the socio-cultural and environmental benefits are perceived as more important than the economic benefits. The socio-demographic characteristics of age, gender and education level were found to have no significant effect on perceptions or attitudes. The cost of managing neighborhood parks and the attraction of nuisance insects were the two most important challenges, respectively. The majority of respondents rated the quality of the existing neighborhood parks excellent or good, with the existing safety condition and the presence of high plant diversity receiving the highest number of high scores. The availability of park facilities was the aspect of park quality considered poor by the most respondents. This study highlights the importance of place-based studies for assessing the perceived benefits that attract people to use urban parks, as well as the challenges that deter use. One important lesson that cities in Sub-Saharan Africa could draw from the development and management of neighborhood parks in Addis Ababa is the vital importance of public participation in urban park development and management.

Differences in Environmental Information Acquisition from Urban Green—A Case Study of Qunli National Wetland Park in Harbin, China

(1) Environmental education in an urban setting is crucial in terms of building a harmonious relationship between man and nature. As a kind of special ecological habitat, urban wetland parks provide convenience to enhance education on the natural environment. (2) In this study, we chose Harbin Qunli National Wetland Park in China as the subject, and analyzed the visual attention area with eye tracking to explore the differences in obtaining information about the natural environment in tourists with varying degrees of environmental concern and purposes of visit. A model connecting the perception preference and factors that affect visual attention of tourists was constructed. (3) Studies have shown that eco-society-hedonic tourists, who focus on parent–child activities, tend to pay more attention to wetland plants and prefer exploratory paths, while eco-hedonic tourists, whose main purposes are to relax and exercise, are more concerned about explanatory signs and enjoy flat scenic paths more. In addition, social tourists, who pay their visit for social activities, would care more about bird watching structures. (4) This research aims to assist in improving the legibility of environmental education space through the planning, design, and management of urban wetland parks, and explore the potential of landscape elements in enhancing public awareness.

Designing urban parks for inclusion, equity, and diversity

ABSTRACT Urban parks are vital spaces that provide the much-needed open space in cities offering numerous benefits and opportunities. One of the prime roles of urban parks is to fulfill the physiological and psychological needs of diverse populations. Empirically observing and analyzing park use can be an important tool toward reducing the gap between user needs and the planning, design, and management of urban parks. This paper reports the findings of systematic observation and evaluation of park design and management of two major urban parks in Cincinnati, Ohio. First, we conduct systematic on-site observation and document user-activity patterns at different times of day and week. Second, we graphically represent the observations using outputs from qualitative and quantitative analyses. Finally, we synthesize and analyze the observations to identify the dominant users of the parks, their behaviors and activities, and the utility of the park designs and facilities in serving the needs of the diverse social groups. The findings provide useful insights on aspects of park design that create affordances for diverse groups to use the park and ones that create territorial segregation, thus showing whether contemporary parks are inclusive, equitable, and diverse or not. The paper concludes with recommendations for designing for diversity in urban parks.

Aptitud social de la percepción ambiental en el Parque Metropolitano Bicentenario, ciudad de Toluca, México

La urbanización inclusiva incorpora áreas verdes como estrategia para la adaptación a la variación climática, a nivel local se desconoce la capacidad social para el manejo resiliente de los parques urbanos. El estudio analiza la aptitud social a través de la percepción ambiental en el Parque Metropolitano Bicentenario. La pregunta y el constructo proponen: ¿cómo influye la percepción ambiental en la aptitud social? La aptitud social es una capacidad adaptativa condicionada por factores subjetivos y socioculturales. A través de un diseño no experimental, observación directa y un cuestionario aplicado a una muestra de visitantes y residentes, se identifica el patrón de percepción y las áreas de oportunidad para la mejora ambiental. Los resultados establecen que la aptitud social exhibe un bajo nivel de empatía e intersubjetividad, falta de participación, especialmente en estados de neutralidad e indiferencia, debido a problemas económicos y personales. Se concluye que el potencial social de la capacidad de adaptación se articula a través de juicios de valor que definen una fuerte disposición proambiental, la selección y clasificación de opciones de mejora que implican necesidades y expectativas de responsabilidad ambiental, participación social vinculada al bienestar emocional y beneficios de recreación, deporte y salud. La operación depende del sistema de decisión que organiza los programas y proyectos de mejora continua, los procesos de cooperación y negociación, y el marco regulatorio para el manejo socio-ecológico de las áreas verdes en Toluca.

Vegetation Management for Urban Park Visitors: A Mixed Methods Approach in Portland, Oregon

Urban park managers are tasked with maintaining ecological function and quality of parks while also meeting visitor preferences. The purpose of this study was to better understand how managers currently manage vegetation in parks of Portland, Oregon. Twenty-one urban park manager interviews were completed regarding 15 parks, which included natural-passive use, recreational-active use, and multi-use park types. Responses were coded for themes and patterns of meaning. Mixed methods were used to evaluate the urban park manager interview data in the context of visitor interview and plant community composition data collected at the same parks. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling ordinations were used to identify urban park manager and visitor perspectives correlated with different park types and their vegetation. Across park types, managers discussed maintenance as a favorite aspect of plant management, while ecosystem management was often described by managers of natural-passive use parks. Some managers indicated that they would make no changes to plant management, but the majority provided detailed recommendations such as enhancing maintenance, increasing staffing, adding plants, updating infrastructure, and improving plant species selection. There are opportunities to better meet the preferences of both managers and visitors by continuing to maintain large trees and trail/path vegetation for accessibility, removing invasive/harmful plants, and improving plant selection to include those that are heartier, more colorful, produce flowers, and are disease resistant, climate adapted, and provide habitat for a variety of species. While urban park managers discussed how they incorporated visitor preferences and accessibility in plant management, they also described limitations such as funding, staff resources, and undesirable visitor behaviors. Increased communication and collaboration among governmental agencies, non-profit organizations, and community members, as well as continued investment in park management and interdisciplinary mixed methods research have the potential to enhance the many ecological and social benefits of urban parks.

Acceptability of income generation practices in 21st century urban park management: The case of city district parks

There is growing interest in understanding the benefits of parks and green space in financial terms, particularly from policymakers and decision–makers. Applying a financial value is an increasingly popular practice designed to communicate urban green space benefits to budget holders. This is pertinent for local governments who routinely struggle to secure funding for parks, given their non-statutory status around the world. To address this, it is perhaps inevitable that the application of a wide range of funding models to parks is being explored. However, there is little empirical evidence that users and residents share this sentiment. This paper aims to address this gap in knowledge by exploring how feasible and acceptable such income generation practices are for stakeholders directly involved in using and managing parks. We asked local residents, parks managers, community groups and academics in one northern English city how feasible and acceptable they considered different income generation practices if applied to their local parks. The findings show that overall, income generated by cafés and organised events were considered acceptable by residents but to a lesser extent by community groups and professionals. Voluntary donations, car parking and increased taxation were considered unacceptable by all stakeholders, while using the planning system to secure funding was considered acceptable. The findings suggest a variety of acceptable, context-specific income-generating practices which may help stakeholders to address pragmatically the current challenges of managing urban parks.

Vegetation management for urban park visitors: a mixed methods approach in Portland, Oregon.

Urban park managers are tasked with maintaining ecological function and quality of parks while also meeting visitor preferences. The purpose of this study was to better understand how managers currently manage vegetation in parks of Portland, Oregon. Twenty‐one urban park manager interviews were completed regarding 15 parks, which included natural‐passive use, recreational‐active use, and multi‐use park types. Responses were coded for themes and patterns of meaning. Mixed methods were used to evaluate the urban park manager interview data in the context of visitor interview and plant community composition data collected at the same parks. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling ordinations were used to identify urban park manager and visitor perspectives correlated with different park types and their vegetation. Across park types, managers discussed maintenance as a favorite aspect of plant management, while ecosystem management was often described by managers of natural‐passive use parks. Some managers indicated that they would make no changes to plant management, but the majority provided detailed recommendations such as enhancing maintenance, increasing staffing, adding plants, updating infrastructure, and improving plant species selection. There are opportunities to better meet the preferences of both managers and visitors by continuing to maintain large trees and trail/path vegetation for accessibility, removing invasive/harmful plants, and improving plant selection to include those that are heartier, more colorful, produce flowers, and are disease resistant, climate adapted, and provide habitat for a variety of species. While urban park managers discussed how they incorporated visitor preferences and accessibility in plant management, they also described limitations such as funding, staff resources, and undesirable visitor behaviors. Increased communication and collaboration among governmental agencies, non‐profit organizations, and community members, as well as continued investment in park management and interdisciplinary mixed methods research have the potential to enhance the many ecological and social benefits of urban parks.

The effects of urban greenspace characteristics and socio-demographics vary among cultural ecosystem services

Urban parks provide numerous cultural ecosystem services that are essential to the wellbeing of residents. However, our understanding of the key variables that determine the provisioning each of these services remains limited, affecting our ability to design greenspaces that provide the unique combination of cultural services required by local residents. Here, we identify variation in the effects of key spatial, environmental, park facility, and socio-demographic variables on the use of urban parks for different cultural ecosystem services, using Brisbane, Australia, as a case study. We completed a participatory GIS survey in which urban residents provided empirical geographic data on urban park visits for different activities and socio-demographic characteristics. These social data were then combined with park vegetation, park facility, and park spatial characteristic data to identify the key variables affecting use for four different cultural services: exercise, nature interactions, social interactions, and relaxation. We show that park characteristics and socio-demographic variables have different effects on all four cultural services. In particular, tree cover decreased park use for social interactions, exercise and relaxation only, and socio-demographics only influenced park use for social interactions and exercise. Among park facilities, the presence of amenities increased only exercise and relaxation visits. Variability in the effects of park characteristics among ecosystem services complicates the ability for urban park management to provide multiple cultural ecosystem services. Identifying and targeting specific variables associated with each ecosystem service is likely to be critical. Our study provides key insights into how to achieve and provide the unique set of cultural services that urban residents require.

Visitors’ perception based on five physical senses on ecosystem services of urban parks from the perspective of landsenses ecology

ABSTRACTUrban parks not only improve the urban ecology but also provide cultural ecosystem services to city dwellers. This study investigated the relationship between cultural ecosystem services provided by urban parks and visitors’ perception of urban park from the perspective of landsenses ecology. A perceptual indicator system was developed following the analysis of landsense elements among the park elements, for four sensory dimensions. A perceptual assessment model was established using the Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) method, which could be used to divide the perceptual indicators into five grades. We found that the importance level of perceptual indicators was influenced by the type of park elements and the functional area of the visitors’ sensory apparatus. On the one hand, park elements that are common or can be perceived easily receive more attention. On the other hand, among the distance receptors, wider functional area might be related to the higher importance level of the perceptual indicators; the immediate receptors also have considerable influence on perception since visitors contact with the environment directly through these. The most important indicators were related to vision and touch, including ‘vision of plants’, ‘vision of water’, ‘feel of sunlight’, ‘touch of roads’, and ‘sound of animals’. Furthermore, we conducted an assessment on landsense satisfaction of a typical urban park in Beijing, suggesting ways to improve visitors’ perception of urban parks from the perspective of landsenses ecology. The assessment showed that the urban park design and management practices could be improved to increase visitors’ satisfaction.