Managing Greenhouse Gas Emissions Research Articles

Organization Perceptions, Agriculture Operations, and Government Policies toward Sustainable Solutions: A Holistic Approach to CO2 Emissions in Malaysian Context of Food Industry

With limited energy, land, and water resources, meeting the expanding demand is made more difficult by population growth and rising food consumption. In a near future, climate change will affect agriculture and cause natural resources going into scarcity. Thus, it is critical to scrutinize the Malaysia domestic system that could support decision-making to practice sustainability. The main drivers behind this research are agriculture industry is closely related to the basic needs of humans, and the agricultural demands for human consumption are foreseen to exceed the supply in the near future. While striving to fulfill the demand of this generation, it is crucial for the food industries to find a resolution to achieve a balance in juggling the demand, as well as environmental protection and greenhouse gas emissions management. There are numerous empirical studies pinpointed the existence of government initiatives act as a catalyst to stimulate the involvement of industry players to work on greenhouse gas reduction aspirations. Even though the studies of greenhouse gas emissions have been adopted rapidly recently, however studies have shown limited understanding toward CO2 emissions management from the organization view, especially food industry in Malaysia. Hence, the study for greater industry-specific research on agriculture industry is absolutely essential. This research provide an examination on the interaction between organization perception, agriculture industry operation, government initiative and the CO2 emissions management in Malaysia’s food industry. The pilot test analysis results exemplified that agriculture industry operation have a significant relationship toward the implementation of CO2 Emissions Management. This research uncovers critical insights through a comprehensive survey, highlighting the necessity for firms to integrate CO2 emission-related considerations into their corporate strategic planning processes. It emphasizes that corporate strategic plans must align CO2 emission reduction objectives with overarching corporate goals. Furthermore, to effectively tackle the challenges posed by CO2 emissions and climate change, corporations should prioritize sustainability measures across all facets of their operations. These findings are particularly valuable for organizations in the food industry and beyond, providing guidance on essential factors to emphasize in efforts to reduce CO2 emissions and mitigate the impacts of climate change.

Estimating biogas production in Moroccan landfills: a comparative analysis of LandGEM and IPCC models.

This article examines municipal waste management in Morocco, highlighting the increase in population and waste production, as well as the associated environmental challenges. With population and industrial growth, the amount of waste generated exceeds the capacity of traditional landfill methods, leading to environmental risks. Therefore, it focuses on estimating the biogas production and environmental implications of a controlled landfill using the LandGEM and IPCC models. The results show an increasing trend in biogas production over time, with the LandGEM model estimating a total biogas production of 14,940,861 m3 by 2045, compared to the IPCC model's estimate of 18,067,452 m3, underscoring the need to monitor and manage greenhouse gas emissions. A comparison between the LandGEM and IPCC models reveals differences in biogas production estimates, with higher values for the IPCC model. Despite these differences, both models confirm the increase in biogas production at the landfill. Finally, the paper assesses the potential for electricity generation from biogas and estimates the potential economic benefits, with a progressive increase in the production of electric energy over the years, starting from 0 GWh/year in 2014, peaking at 52.08 GWh/year in 2045. The results suggest a significant potential for generating electrical energy, offering the landfill energy autonomy and the possibility of selling surplus electricity to the Moroccan town council. The study highlights the importance of sustainable waste management and the use of renewable resources to mitigate environmental risks and promote sustainable development in Morocco.

Temperature effects on nitrogen removal and N2O emissions in anammox reactors.

Temperature effects on nitrogen removal and N2O emissions in anammox reactors.

Retrieval of Atmospheric XCH4 via XGBoost Method Based on TROPOMI Satellite Data

Accurate retrieval of column-averaged dry-air mole fraction of methane (XCH4) in the atmosphere is important for greenhouse gas emission management. Traditional XCH4 retrieval methods are complex, while machine learning can be used to model nonlinear relationships by analyzing large datasets, providing an efficient alternative. This study proposes an XGBoost algorithm-based retrieval method to improve the efficiency of atmospheric XCH4 retrieval. First, the key wavelengths affecting XCH4 retrieval were determined using a radiative transfer model. The TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) L1B satellite data, L2 XCH4 products, and auxiliary data were matched to construct the dataset. The dataset constructed was used to train the XGBoost model and obtain the TRO_XGB_XCH4 model. Finally, the accuracy of the proposed model was evaluated using various parameter values and validated against XCH4 products and Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) ground-based observations. The results showed that the proposed TRO_XGB_XCH4 model had a tenfold cross-validation accuracy R of 0.978, a ground-based validation R of 0.749, and a temporal extension accuracy R of 0.863. Therefore, the accuracy of the TRO_XGB_XCH4 retrieval model is comparable to that of the official TROPOMI L2 product.

Comparative Analysis of Carbon Intensity Indicators Applicable to Harbor Tugboats

This study compares four carbon intensity indicators applicable to harbor tugboats to identify the most representative greenhouse gas emissions management. Using operational data from SAAM Towage’s fleet, the indicators evaluated traveled distance, operating time, energy consumption, and average engine load demand. Statistical analyses revealed that the energy consumption-based indicator exhibited lower variability and greater capacity to reflect the operational particularities of tugboats. In contrast, indicators based on average load presented high dispersion, limiting their applicability. These conclusions highlight the importance of considering vessel-specific characteristics when selecting indicators. This work provides tools to improve environmental monitoring and facilitates the implementation of sustainability strategies aligned with the maritime industry’s emission reduction objectives.

Evaluating the Impact of Agricultural Technology on Greenhouse Gas Emissions Using Machine Learning

Agriculture is a significant contributor to global warming, primarily due to the release of greenhouse gases like methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). These gases have a much higher global warming potential than carbon dioxide (CO2), necessitating targeted strategies for their reporting and reduction. This study applies machine learning models, specifically XGBoost and Support Vector Machine (SVM), to evaluate how technological advancements in agriculture influence greenhouse gas emissions. The dataset used includes emission data from various crops and farming technologies. Findings reveal that certain crops considerably elevate emissions, and in some cases, new technologies exacerbate the issue. XGBoost achieved 99.6% accuracy in predicting emission mitigation, proving its effectiveness in developing climate change mitigation plans for agriculture. Support Vector Machine also performed well, with an accuracy of 99.5%. This research underscores the need for precise approaches in managing greenhouse gas emissions through technology-driven policies.

Terrestrial dissolved organic matter inputs affect the nitrous oxide emission revealed by FT-ICR MS

Terrestrial dissolved organic matter inputs affect the nitrous oxide emission revealed by FT-ICR MS

Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy for gas detection with a negative curvature anti-resonant hollow-core fiber

Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy for gas detection with a negative curvature anti-resonant hollow-core fiber

Synthesis and characterization of MIL-101 metal-organic framework and its application as filler for Pebax2533 membrane

Global warming poses a significant environmental challenge, highlighting the urgent need to reduce and manage greenhouse gas emissions, especially carbon dioxide (CO2). One promising approach to mitigating this issue is membrane separation technology. Herein, the MIL-101 metal-organic framework was synthesized, characterized, and incorporated as a filler (0–40 wt.%) into Pebax®2533 polymer. Gas permeability measurements were conducted using a constant pressure module for pure gases at a fixed feed pressure (2 bar) and temperature (298 K). Various analytical techniques, such as FESEM, FTIR, TGA, and mechanical strength analyses, were employed for membrane characterization. Analytical techniques confirmed excellent particle dispersion and proper adhesion between the polymer and filler particles without void formation. The results showed substantial improvements in the selectivity for H2/N2 and CO2/N2, surpassing the values of the neat membrane by 52.33% and 52.56%, respectively, due to the narrow pore size of the filler. Despite the improvement in gas permselectivity, the permeability of all gases decreased with filler content compared to the pure membrane. Polymer chain rigidification and possible blockage of filler pores by polymer chains could be the main reasons for the decrease in gas solubility inside the Pebax rubbery polymer.

Sustainability synergies and trade-offs considering circularity and land availability for bioplastics production in Brazil

Alongside the concerns of waste management, plastic production represents a future problem for managing greenhouse gas emissions. Advanced recycling and bio-based production are paramount to face this challenge. The sustainability of bio-based polyethylene (bioPE) depends on the feedstock, avoiding stress on natural resources. This work discusses Brazil’s potential to meet future global bioPE demand by 2050, using sugarcane as feedstock and considering environmental sustainability for production expansion. From the assessed 35.6 Mha, 3.55 Mha would be exempt from trade-offs related to land use change (dLUC), biodiversity, and water availability. The scenario with the highest circularity efficiency would require 22.2 Mha to meet the global demand, which can be accommodated in areas with positive impacts in carbon stocks, neutral impacts in water availability, and medium impacts on biodiversity. Here, we show that dropping demand is essential to avoid trade-offs and help consolidate bioPE as a sustainable alternative for future net-zero strategies.

Low nitrous oxide fluxes from mineral affected peatland soils in Iceland

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas, and soil is one of its most substantial sources. Emissions are influenced by both biotic and abiotic processes, as well as the physiochemical properties of the medium. Organic soils fully drained in boreal climates are a potentially significant source of nitrous oxide. Lower, drainage levels and nutrient availability have been shown to reduce N2O emissions. Predicting N2O emissions from agriculturally managed peatlands is challenging. In situ measurements are crucial for addressing these difficulties. This study presents three years of in situ field measurements of nitrous oxide fluxes and soil hydrological status in peatland soils under different agricultural management regimes: cultivated drained (CD), uncultivated drained (UCD), and wet (W) in Western Iceland. Fluxes were quantified by analysing a time-concentration series obtained from permanent chambers and subsequently evaluated using gas chromatography in the laboratory. The minimum potential N2O consumption rate (mean ± 95 % Cl) was estimated as 0.76 ± 0.38, 0.56 ± 0.18 and 0.56 ± 0.14 mg N2O-N m⁻² day⁻¹ for CD, UCD, and W sites, respectively. Yearly accumulated emissions were estimated as 2.24 ± 1.47, 1.26 ± 0.64 and 0.26 ± 0.44 kg N2O-N ha−1 yr−1 for CD, UCD, and W sites, respectively. The relatively low emission rates observed at drained sites can be explained by the stable water content, and by limited availability of soil phosphorus, which hampers N2O production and potentially leads to more active N2O consumption. Both the stable water content and low phosphorus availability is explained by mineral inputs to the peatlands, acting through decreased soil unsaturated hydraulic conductivity and increased phosphorus retention. The effects of mineral content offer potential mitigation option to decrease N2O emissions. This study highlights the complexity of N2O emissions from peatland soils and emphasizes the significance of site-specific factors in managing greenhouse gas emissions. Further studies investigating the underlying processes behind N2O fluxes in the peatland and andic soils are recommended.

The Value of Digital Traceability for Managing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Complex Supply Chains

The Value of Digital Traceability for Managing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Complex Supply Chains

Innovative software for analysing satellite data and methane emissions using radiative transfer model

The study aimed to analyse the effectiveness of the radiative transfer model (RTM) in software for processing satellite data and monitoring methane emissions. Satellite data analysis, radiative transfer modelling and integration with geographic information systems (GIS) were used to study methane emissions and their spatial and temporal changes. The study determined that the use of RTM to analyse satellite data significantly improves the accuracy of methane emissions estimates. Experimental data has shown that this model can be used to create a more efficient accounting of atmospheric factors such as cloud cover and aerosols, which minimises errors in methane concentration calculations. The study also confirmed that this approach can be used to monitor emissions in different geographical regions with high accuracy. Satellite data was used to identify key sources of methane emissions, including industrial areas and natural sources. The study determined that the Carbon Mapper software can be used as a tool for global monitoring of methane and other greenhouse gases, which contributes to a more effective fight against climate change. The software solution also integrates with GIS to provide data visualisation and improve data interpretation. In addition, the results showed that RTM can be used for accurate determination of temporal changes in methane concentrations, which is important for prompt response to increased emissions in critical areas. The software has demonstrated a high degree of scalability, which allows it to be used for analysing data on both a local and global scale. In conclusion, the use of this model in combination with high-precision satellite monitoring has proven to be effective in environmental monitoring and greenhouse gas emissions management

Upcycling heteroatoms-containing plastics via bimetallic synergistic catalysis: Unveiling the role of O and Cl in C-H bond cleavage

Upcycling heteroatoms-containing plastics via bimetallic synergistic catalysis: Unveiling the role of O and Cl in C-H bond cleavage

From bricks to bytes: Verifiable data for decarbonizing the building sector

Amidst the pressing need to combat climate change and curb greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, the building sector emerges as a pivotal sector, substantially impacting worldwide emissions. Despite efforts to improve energy efficiency and incorporate non-fossil energy sources, the sector still lags in achieving the necessary decarbonization goals. Existing Building Energy Management Systems primarily prioritize economic criteria, overlooking the vital aspect of emissions reduction. Energy Informatics and Information Systems hold the potential to bridge this gap by enabling precise and verifiable GHG emissions accounting, end-to-end real-time tracking, and automated verification within Energy Management Systems (EMS). This paper presents research on designing the advancement of EMSs in the form of a Building Energy Emission Management System (BEEMS) leveraging verifiable emission data for emission-based actions. The central research question revolves around designing BEEMS to facilitate emission-based actions based on verifiable data. Following a multi-step approach, the research methodology encompasses a comprehensive literature review and iterative evaluation of our design principles through a workshop and semi-structured interviews with experts from industry and research. The contributions include a conceptual architecture of a BEEMS and six design principles for future BEEMS development. Ultimately, this research strives to facilitate end-to-end verifiable GHG emissions management in the building sector to enable emission-based energy consumption decisions, contributing to the existing body of knowledge of the Energy Informatics field on BEEMS.

Organic Fertilizers and Bio-Waste for Sustainable Soil Management to Support Crops and Control Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Mediterranean Agroecosystems: A Review

Agriculture is facing several challenges related to its sustainability. In this regard, the need to reduce its environmental impact related to the use of synthetic inputs and its potential role in mitigating global warming and climate change call for a review of crop management. In this context, and in the framework of achieving sustainable development goals, the use of organic fertilizers and bio-waste represents a valuable contribution to the agricultural transition towards a bioeconomy model by reducing the negative impacts of waste disposal. Farmyard manure, composts, digestate from agrifood processes, and biochar are, among organic fertilizers, commonly used to manage soils and support crop growth. These fertilizers can provide essential nutrients, improve structure, and enhance microbial activity, thus increasing soil fertility and agriculture sustainability. While organic fertilizers offer the benefits of soil fertility and plant nutrition, their impact on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is complex and varies depending on factors such as fertilizer type, soil conditions, and management practices. Although organic fertilizers may initially increase GHG emissions, they often lead to carbon sequestration in soils highlighting a negative C balance. Additionally, organic fertilizers promote a reduction in fossil fuel consumption used for synthetic fertilizer production, further contributing to GHG emissions’ reduction. Therefore, while organic fertilizers pose challenges in managing GHG emissions, their various benefits warrant careful consideration and strategic implementation in agricultural systems.

Smart Agriculture and Greenhouse Gas Emission Mitigation: A 6G-IoT Perspective

Smart farming has emerged as a promising approach to address the agriculture industry’s significant contribution to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, the effectiveness of current smart farming practices in mitigating GHG emissions remains a matter of ongoing debate. This review paper provides an in-depth examination of the current state of GHG emissions in smart farming, highlighting the limitations of existing practices in reducing GHG emissions and introducing innovative strategies that leverage the advanced capabilities of 6G-enabled IoT (6G-IoT). By enabling precise resource management, facilitating emission source identification and mitigation, and enhancing advanced emission reduction techniques, 6G-IoT integration offers a transformative solution for managing GHG emissions in agriculture. However, while smart agriculture focuses on technological applications for immediate efficiency gains, it also serves as a crucial component of sustainable agriculture by providing the tools necessary for long-term environmental supervision and resource sustainability. As a result, this study also contributes to sustainable agriculture by providing insights and guiding future advancements in smart farming, particularly in the context of 6G-IoT, to develop more effective GHG mitigation strategies for smart farming applications, promoting a more sustainable agricultural future.

Energy Diplomacy in the Era of Energy Transition

The development of international relations after the 1973 oil crisis was accompanied by the emergence of such phenomena and concepts as global and regional energy security, energy security of states, foreign energy policy and energy diplomacy. Institutionalization and development of mechanisms ensuring energy security – including global energy security – occurred and continues to occur under the conditions of dominance of hydrocarbon fossil fuels in the world energy balance, as well as in the context of energy consumption worldwide. The priorities of its provision at the global, regional and state levels were and are the security of demand, supply and transit of hydrocarbon raw materials, and the diversification of energy sources. After signing the Paris Climate Agreement in 2015, efforts are being made to accelerate the low-carbon transformation of the world economy and the pace of the global energy transition. This involves mechanisms for responsible investment, carbon regulation, greenhouse gas emissions management (climate management); uses a variety of socially significant interpretations of ongoing climate change. These processes are increasingly determining the foreign energy policy of states, international energy diplomacy and influencing the previously formed mechanisms for ensuring energy security. The article is aimed at generalization and systematization of the ongoing changes in the activities of both traditional international centers and institutes of global energy policy, and relatively new international platforms in the subject area under consideration, primarily the Conferences of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and their impact on energy policy and energy diplomacy.

A Review on the Process of Greenhouse Gas Inventory Preparation and Proposed Mitigation Measures for Reducing Carbon Footprint

Greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere, causing the Earth’s surface temperature to rise. The main greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, perfluorocarbons, hydrofluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride. Human activities are increasing greenhouse gas concentrations rapidly, which is causing global climate change. Global climate change is increasing environmental and public health problems. To reduce greenhouse gas emissions, it is necessary to identify where the emissions are coming from, develop a plan to reduce them, and then implement and monitor the plan to ensure that emissions are actually reduced. Anthropogenic global climate change has large and increasingly adverse economic effects. Cities emit the most greenhouse gas due to fossil fuel burning and power usage. The four major greenhouse gas emitters are energy, transportation, waste management, and urban land use sectors. Organizations should prepare action plans to lower their greenhouse gas emissions and stop the worst consequences of climate change. These action plans require companies and local authorities to submit their greenhouse gas emissions reports on a yearly basis. A greenhouse gas emissions management system includes several processes and tools created by organizations to understand, measure, monitor, report, and validate their greenhouse gas emissions. Two of the most widely adapted frameworks for greenhouse gases inventory reporting are ISO 14064 and the greenhouse gas protocol. This review paper aims to identify some of the key points of GHG inventory preparation and mitigation strategies.

The impacts of environmental collaboration on the environmental performance of agri-food supply chains: a mediation-moderation analysis of external pressures

ABSTRACT Although researchers have investigated the relationship between inter-organisational collaboration and firm performance, there is scattered evidence on the relationship between environmental collaboration and environmental performance in agri-food supply chains. This study assesses the effects of environmental collaboration on five dimensions of environmental performance (greenhouse gas emissions management, energy management, food waste management, food safety management, and water footprint management) in agri-food supply chains, particularly when mediated and moderated by customer and regulatory pressures. This study used a survey of Chilean agri-food companies. The data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modelling. We found that environmental collaboration positively influences all five dimensions of environmental performance and that customer and regulatory pressures mediate this relationship. The dimension most affected by environmental collaboration was water footprint management. Finally, we provide recommendations for improving the environmental performance of companies in agri-food supply chains through collaboration.