Management Of Alcohol-related Liver Disease Research Articles

Inpatient Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment for Alcohol Use Disorder in Patients Admitted with Alcohol-associated Liver Disease Is Not Universally Implemented in Practice, But Can Reduce Readmissions for Alcohol-associated Hepatitis.

The management of alcohol-related liver disease requires a multidisciplinary approach to treat alcohol use disorder. We aimed to determine the proportion of actively drinking patients admitted for alcohol-associated hepatitis (AAH) or decompensated alcohol-related cirrhosis (DARLC) who were offered or underwent screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) for alcohol use disorder during admission and if inpatient SBIRT is associated with reduced readmissions for alcohol-related liver disease. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of actively drinking patients admitted to our institution from January 2017 to December 2021 with AAH or DARLC. Logistic regression was used to identify factors, such as conducting SBIRT, that were associated with 30-day and 90-day readmissions for recurrent AAH or DARLC. There were 120 AAH admissions (mean age 47.7 ± 13.6 years), and 177 DARLC admissions (mean age 58.2 ± 9.5 years). SBIRT was conducted in only 51.7% of AAH admissions, and 23.7% of DARLC admissions. For AAH, conducting SBIRT was associated with significantly reduced 30-day (OR 0.098, P = 0.001, 95% CI 0.024-0.408) and 90-day (OR 0.166, P = 0.003, 95% CI 0.052-0.534) readmissions. For DARLC, there was no association between conducting SBIRT and 30-day or 90-day readmissions. SBIRT was conducted with actively drinking patients in only 51.7% of AAH admissions and 23.7% of DARLC admissions. Patients admitted for AAH who received inpatient SBIRT had decreased 30-day and 90-day readmission rates for AAH or DARLC.

Quality standards for the management of alcohol-related liver disease: consensus recommendations from the British Association for the Study of the Liver and British Society of Gastroenterology ARLD special interest group

ObjectiveAlcohol-related liver disease (ALD) is the most common cause of liver-related ill health and liver-related deaths in the UK, and deaths from ALD have doubled in the last decade. The...

Management of Alcohol-Related Liver Disease and Its Complications.

Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) is a major healthcare/economic burden and one of the leading causes of liver transplantation. New epidemiological studies that detail the course of the disease are needed since, despite its high prevalence, it is still a stigmatised condition with underlying pathology. Alcoholic hepatitis, as the highest expression of ALD, has high morbidity. Current treatments have suboptimal results with the exception of liver transplantation. Epidemiological studies must also be developed to improve prevention and implement early diagnosis policies. It is essential to develop multidisciplinary health models that allow the liver transplantation candidate to be approached in a holistic way, both for indication and follow up. The implementation of alcohol consumption biomarkers (ethyl glucuronide, phosphatidylethanol) can assist in diagnosing and supporting recovery. There are several initiatives with new therapies that must be validated to establish their effectiveness and indication.

Epigenetic modification in alcohol-related liver diseases.

Alcohol-related liver disease (ARLD) refers to a spectrum of hepatic damage triggered by excessive alcohol intake, resulting in inflamed and swollen livers, ultimately, liver cirrhosis. Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a similar term denoting liver disorders encompassing steatosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Recent evidence has suggested a vital role for epigenetic factors, which modulate gene expression in the absence of changes in DNA sequence, in the onset and progression of liver disorders, to foster hepatic fibrogenesis and cirrhosis. Mounting findings have delineated that alcohol consumption extensively modulates liver epigenetics, thus, prompting the etiology of ARLD and ALD. Alcohol-induced epigenetic modifications (AIEM) in the liver encompass histone modification, microRNA-induced genetic modulation, DNA methylation, and alcohol-evoked cell signaling that alters gene expression. Herein, we aim at summarizing key findings to decipher AIEM and its role in the onset and development of ARLD and ALD from the perspectives of both cellular and animal models of alcohol exposure. Furthermore, we will share our viewpoints on epigenetics-based therapeutic options in the management of ARLD and ALD.

Alcohol-Related Liver Disease in the Covid-19 Era: Position Paper of the Italian Society on Alcohol (SIA).

BackgroundCoronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), firstly reported in China last November 2019, became a global pandemic. It has been shown that periods of isolation may induce a spike in alcohol use disorder (AUD). In addition, alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) is the most common consequence of excessive alcohol consumption worldwide. Moreover, liver impairment has also been reported as a common manifestation of COVID-19.AimsThe aim of our position paper was to consider some critical issues regarding the management of ALD in patients with AUD in the era of COVID-19.MethodsA panel of experts of the Italian Society of Alcohology (SIA) met via “conference calls” during the lockdown period to draft the SIA’s criteria for the management of ALD in patients with COVID-19 as follows: (a) liver injury in patients with ALD and COVID-19 infection; (b) toxicity to the liver of the drugs currently tested to treat COVID-19 and the pharmacological interaction between medications used to treat AUD and to treat COVID-19; (c) reorganization of the management of compensated and decompensated ALD and liver transplantation in the COVID-19 era.Results and ConclusionsThe COVID-19 pandemic has rapidly carried us toward a new governance scenario of AUD and ALD which necessarily requires an in-depth review of the management of these diseases with a new safe approach (management of out-patients and in-patients following new rules of safety, telemedicine, telehealth, call meetings with clinicians, nurses, patients, and caregivers) without losing the therapeutic efficacy of multidisciplinary treatment.

Alcohol-related liver diseases.

This educational article/narrative review reflects the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) clinical practice guidelines: management of alcohol-related liver disease. An important change contrasting with the 2012 guidelines is the new terminology of alcohol-related liver diseases. Another important outcome is the strong emphasis on prevention of alcohol use disorder which may be performed at all stages of public health care.

Alcohol-related liver disease

AbstractAlcohol-related liver disease (ARLD) is the most prevalent cause of advanced liver disease in Europe. The spectrum of disease includes alcohol use disorders, alcohol withdrawal, steatosis, alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis of the liver. This article describes these clinical presentations and outlines the appropriate management of alcohol-related liver disease, as well as providing a framework for the management of alcohol use disorders.

Pharmacological interventions for alcoholic liver disease (alcohol-related liver disease): an attempted network meta-analysis.

Alcohol-related liver disease is due to excessive alcohol consumption. It includes a spectrum of liver diseases such as alcohol-related fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, and alcoholic cirrhosis. Mortality associated with alcoholic hepatitis is high. The optimal pharmacological treatment of alcoholic hepatitis and other alcohol-related liver disease remains controversial.To assess the comparative benefits and harms of different pharmacological interventions in the management of alcohol-related liver disease through a network meta-analysis and to generate rankings of the available pharmacological interventions according to their safety and efficacy in order to identify potential treatments. However, even in the subgroup of participants when the potential effect modifiers appeared reasonably similar across comparisons, there was evidence of inconsistency by one or more methods of assessment of inconsistency. Therefore, we did not report the results of the network meta-analysis and reported the comparative benefits and harms of different interventions using standard Cochrane methodology.We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Embase, Science Citation Index Expanded, World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and randomised controlled trials registers until February 2017 to identify randomised clinical trials on pharmacological treatments for alcohol-related liver diseases.Randomised clinical trials (irrespective of language, blinding, or publication status) including participants with alcohol-related liver disease. We excluded trials that included participants who had previously undergone liver transplantation and those with co-existing chronic viral diseases. We considered any of the various pharmacological interventions compared with each other or with placebo or no intervention.Two review authors independently identified trials and independently extracted data. We calculated the odds ratio (OR) and rate ratio with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using both fixed-effect and random-effects models based on available-participant analysis with Review Manager. We assessed risk of bias according to Cochrane, controlled risk of random errors with Trial Sequential Analysis, and assessed the quality of the evidence using GRADE.We identified a total of 81 randomised clinical trials. All the trials were at high risk of bias, and the overall quality of the evidence was low or very low for all outcomes. Alcoholic hepatitisFifty randomised clinical trials included 4484 participants with alcoholic hepatitis. The period of follow-up ranged from one to 12 months. Because of concerns about transitivity assumption, we did not perform the network meta-analysis. None of the active interventions showed any improvement in any of the clinical outcomes reported in the trials, which includes mortality (at various time points), cirrhosis, decompensated cirrhosis, liver transplantation. None of the trials reported health-related quality of life or incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma. Severe alcoholic hepatitisOf the trials on alcoholic hepatitis, 19 trials (2545 participants) included exclusively participants with severe alcoholic hepatitis (Maddrey Discriminat Function > 32). The period of follow-up ranged from one to 12 months. There was no alteration in the conclusions when only people with severe alcoholic hepatitis were included in the analysis.Eleven trials were funded by parties with vested interest in the results. Sixteen trials were funded by parties without vested interest in the results. The source of funding was not reported in 23 trials. Other alcohol-related liver diseasesThirty-one randomised clinical trials included 3695 participants with other alcohol-related liver diseases (with a wide spectrum of alcohol-related liver diseases). The period of follow-up ranged from one to 48 months. The mortality at maximal follow-up was lower in the propylthiouracil group versus the no intervention group (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.78; 423 participants; 2 trials; low-quality evidence). However, this result is based on two small trials at high risk of bias and further confirmation in larger trials of low risk of bias is necessary to recommend propylthiouracil routinely in people with other alcohol-related liver diseases. The mortality at maximal follow-up was higher in the ursodeoxycholic acid group versus the no intervention group (OR 2.09, 95% CI 1.12 to 3.90; 226 participants; 1 trial; low-quality evidence).Twelve trials were funded by parties with vested interest in the results. Three trials were funded by parties without vested interest in the results. The source of funding was not reported in 16 trials.Because of very low-quality evidence, there is uncertainty in the effectiveness of any pharmacological intervention versus no intervention in people with alcoholic hepatitis or severe alcoholic hepatitis. Based on low-quality evidence, propylthiouracil may decrease mortality in people with other alcohol-related liver diseases. However, these results must be confirmed by adequately powered trials with low risk of bias before propylthiouracil can be considered effective.Future randomised clinical trials should be conducted with approximately 200 participants in each group and follow-up of one to two years in order to compare the benefits and harms of different treatments in people with alcoholic hepatitis. Randomised clinical trials should include health-related quality of life and report serious adverse events separately from adverse events. Future randomised clinical trials should have a low risk of bias and low risk of random errors.

PTU-285 Early in-patient management of alcohol-related liver disease: results of a liver care bundle to improve quality of care

Introduction The incidence of Alcohol Related Liver Disease (ARLD) is rising in the UK, as is its associated mortality. A recent National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome and Death (NCEPOD) report highlighted recurring deficiencies in the care of ARLD in UK hospitals and the British Gastroenterological Society provided guidance in the treatment of these patients during acute hospital admissions. Method Between 1 August 2013 and 31 October 2013, consecutive admissions of patients with ARLD to a district general hospital were identified from discharge and mortality data. A liver care bundle (LCB) using NCEPOD recommendations was generated and case notes analysed prior to institution of this LCB and re-audited following its inception from 1 April 2014 to 31 July 2014. Electronic referrals to specialist gastroenterology and dieticians formed part of the LCB as well as a checklist of actions for the admitting physician. Results 20 patients (median age 51 (28–67) years) were identified initially with ARLD, of which 13 (65%) were male. Median Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) score was 14 (range 6–35). Post LCB institution a further cohort of 25 patients studied was matched for age (59 (32–79) years, sex (13/25 (52% male) and MELD score (13 (6–40)). Inpatient mortality was 7/20 (35%) prior and 2/23 (9%) post LCB (p = 0.065). All patients were screened for ongoing alcohol use and in 65% a withdrawal regime was prescribed. Only 1/20 (5%) had dietician input in the first 48 h rising to 11/25 (44%) post LCB institution (p Conclusion Instituting a liver care bundle for the management of alcohol related liver disease at our centre improved both the quality of care and outcome from patients admitted during acute decompensation, particularly related to early specialist review. Initiation of bundles of care in liver disease requires close collaboration between specialist medical services and allied health professionals such as dieticians to optimise patient care. Disclosure of interest None Declared.